The brain’s default mode network (DMN) has become closely associated with self-referential mental activity, particularly in the resting-state. Prior reports point that the sex hormones are potent modulators of brain plasticity and functional connectivity. However, it is uncertain whether changes in ovarian hormones, as occur during the monthly menstrual cycle, substantially affects the functional connectivity of DMN. Here, we employed a Self-Awareness Scale (SAS) and the resting-state functional...
Mon May 25, 2020 03:00
The mammalian neocortex is composed of six major layers of neurons. Each group of neurons in the cortical layers has distinct characteristics based on the expression of specific genes and connectivity patterns of neural circuits. Neuronal subtype transition and regional identity acquisition are established by temporal cues and interaction between several transcription factors during neurogenesis. The impairment of cortical lamination or neural circuits results in a wide range of neurodevelopmental...
Mon May 25, 2020 03:00
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of histone deacetylase-6 (HDAC6) on the functional and pathological changes of the amyloid beta (Aβ)-induced cognitive dysfunction rats by regulating protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta (PTK2B). Ninety Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into nine groups, consisting of five experimental groups and four control groups. In five experimental groups, Aβ1–42 was infused intracerebroventricularly and 3 days later, rats in each group were infused intracerebroventricularly...
Mon May 25, 2020 03:00
The repeated administration of high doses of amphetamine has been shown to cause long-lasting depletions of striatal dopamine which, when substantial enough, have been shown to result in cognitive and motor impairment. These amphetamine-induced lesions are slightly larger in males than that in females and can be partially ameliorated by pretreatment with antioxidants. The objective of the present study was to replicate these two latter observations using an amphetamine dosing regimen that yields...
Mon May 25, 2020 03:00
To investigate the preattentive change detection in preschool children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), we compared the mismatch negativity (MMN) and P3a of event-related potentials (ERPs) between preschool ADHD and normal children using three-stimulus oddball paradigm. Analyzing MMN and P3a components, we found that MMN elicited by deviants and P3a elicited by novelty were significantly reduced in patients than in controls. In addition, the P3a amplitude was positive correlated...
Mon May 25, 2020 03:00
Facial trustworthiness can influence trust behavior. The outcome may be concordant (a person with a trustworthy face who engages in reciprocal behavior) or conflicting (a person with a trustworthy face who does not reciprocate). This study investigated the temporal features of processing different outcomes following trustworthy or untrustworthy faces. Thirty-one college students participated in a decision-making task in which they were shown a face and were asked to judge whether the person would...
Mon May 25, 2020 03:00
N450 is described as a valid event-related potential indicator of Stroop interference, but the true specific psychological meaning of the Stroop N450 remains obscure. In the present research, we first used a Chinese character incongruent-eligible task and manipulated different types of conflict to investigate whether Stroop N450 reflects stimulus conflict, response conflict or both. The results showed that, only the N450 in the incongruent-eligible condition was more negative than that of the incongruent-ineligible...
Mon May 25, 2020 03:00
Chronic sleep loss caused lots of health problems, also including cognition impairment. Tea is one of the most popular drinks when people stay up late. Nevertheless, the effects of tea on sleep deprivation-induced cognition impairment are still unclear. In the present study, we found 24-h sleep deprivation (S-DEP) increased membrane α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxa-zolep-propionate (AMPA) receptor level through a tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-dependent pathway in hippocampi. Blocking elevated...
Mon May 25, 2020 03:00
Nociceptors arising from the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) express acid-sensing ion channel-1 (ASIC1) subtypes to mediate the perception of inflammatory and neuropathic pain, and as such, these receptors are attractive targets for the development of analgesics for these painful conditions. Nevertheless, given that the human and rodent DRG differ considerably in subtype proportions of ASIC1 and that the pharmacological properties of rodent ASIC1 subtypes and their human homologues are distinct, ASIC1...
Mon May 25, 2020 03:00
Abstract Data on clinical characteristics of adults with Down syndrome (DS) are limited and the clinical phenotype of these persons is poorly described. This study aimed to describe the occurrence of chronic diseases and pattern of medication use in a population of adults with DS. Participants were 421 community dwelling adults with DS, aged 18 years or older. Individuals were assessed through a standardized clinical protocol. Multimorbidity was defined as the occurrence of two or more chronic conditions...
Mon May 25, 2020 22:59
Abstract Holt–Oram syndrome (HOS) is a rare, autosomal dominant disorder caused by heterozygous pathogenic variants in cardiac T‐box transcription factor, TBX5. Classically, it is associated with upper limb malformations and variable cardiac abnormalities. Limb manifestations are considered to be invariably present, ranging in severity from limitation in movement, to triphalangeal thumbs, absent thumbs, shortened forearms, or phocomelia. Cardiac involvement is characterized by congenital heart...
Mon May 25, 2020 22:56
Abstract The mitochondrial aconitase gene (ACO2 ) encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of citrate to isocitrate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Biallelic variants in ACO2 are purported to cause two distinct disorders: infantile cerebellar‐retinal degeneration (ICRD) which is characterized by CNS abnormalities, neurodevelopmental phenotypes, optic atrophy and retinal degeneration; and optic atrophy 9 (OPA9), characterized by isolated ophthalmologic phenotypes including optic atrophy...
Mon May 25, 2020 22:50
Abstract Genetic therapies have shown recent promise in alleviating some of the cognitive issues associated with some genetic disorders; however, these therapies may come with significant health and socio‐ethical concerns, particularly when they involve child participants. Little is known about what parents of children with genetic disorders think about genetic therapies, or about their knowledge of how genetic‐based therapy might treat their child's symptoms. Forty‐two parents of children with...
Mon May 25, 2020 22:33
Dispersal and radiation pathways undergone by the macaques (Macaca) during the processes of colonising East Asia in the Pliocene, Pleistocene and Early Holocene. Abstract Depicting a taxonomic group's evolutionary trajectory as a function of changes in the geographical landscape and its historical distribution is critical for constructing informed conservation strategies. Based on fossil sites from the Pliocene to the Holocene, and historical records since 1175 AD, we established macaques’ dispersal...
Mon May 25, 2020 20:16
Abstract Purpose To assess whether alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) with 90% deproteinized bovine bone mineral in a 10% collagen matrix (DBBMC) and resorbable type I/III porcine collagen matrix (CM) maintains sufficient bone volume for early implant placement 8 to 10 weeks after extraction of maxillary central incisors. Materials and Methods In this case series study of 10 consecutively enrolled patients, sockets of maxillary single central incisors requiring extraction and early implant...
Tue May 26, 2020 11:19
Publication date: Available online 25 May 2020Source: Revista Española de Medicina Nuclear e Imagen MolecularAuthor(s): N. Sánchez, I. Valduvieco, M.J. Ribal, F. Campos, F. Casas, C. Nicolau, R. Salvador, B. Mellado, S. Jorcano, D. Fuster, P. Paredes
Tue May 26, 2020 12:52
Full reduction : In situ Raman and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy were combined with electrochemistry to study the relatively unknown CO2 reduction to ethane mechanism. A model iodide‐derived copper (ID‐Cu) catalyst was studied owing to its relatively high selectivity towards ethane compared to other systems. Trace iodine species and positively charged Cu species on ID‐Cu favored ethane production, which was shown to proceed via an ethoxy intermediate. Abstract Electrochemical conversion of...
Mon May 25, 2020 22:00
Herein we present a new kind of elastic metal‐organic materials (MOMs) that are capable of multiple stimuli‐responsiveness based on dual stress and thermally responsive triple‐helix coordination polymers. The strong metal‐coordination linkage in combination with the flexibility of organic linkers in these MOMs, rather than the ‘4 Å’ stacking interactions observed in organic crystals, renders the helical chain to be act like a molecular spring and thus accounts for their intriguing macroscopic elasticity....
Mon May 25, 2020 21:31
N, N‐dimethyl formamide(DMF) was first synthesized in 1893 and is used extensively in the industry [1] . Yet, certain bacterial species such as Paracoccus, Pseudomonas, and Alcaligenes have evolved metabolic pathways to use the human‐made DMF as a sole carbon and nitrogen source for growth [2–4] . Dimethylformamidase (DMFase) is the enzyme that breaks down DMF in this pathway. We show here that DMFase from paracoccus sp. strain DMF is a halophilic and thermostable enzyme with optimal activity...
Mon May 25, 2020 21:28
In situ exsolution of metal nanoparticles in perovskite under reducing atmosphere has been employed to generate highly active metal‐oxide interface for CO 2 electrolysis in solid oxide electrolysis cell. Herein, we provide atomic‐scale insight into the exsolution of CoFe alloy nanoparticles in La 0.4 Sr 0.6 Co 0.2 Fe 0.7 Mo 0.1 O 3‐δ (LSCFM) by in situ scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) with energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations....
Mon May 25, 2020 20:40
A silica‐supported monomeric alkylaluminum co‐catalyst was prepared via Surface Organometallic Chemistry by contacting tris‐(neopentyl)aluminum and partially dehydroxylated silica . This system, fully characterized by solid‐state 27 Al NMR augmented by computational studies, efficiently activates ( n Bu 3 P) 2 NiCl 2 towards dimerization of ethene demonstrating comparable activity to previously reported dimeric diethylaluminum chloride supported on silica. Three types of aluminum surface...
Mon May 25, 2020 20:35
Two‐dimensional conductive metal‐organic frameworks (2D c ‐MOFs) as an emerging class of multifunctional materials have attracted extensive attention thanks to their predictable and diverse structures, intrinsic permanent porosity, high charge mobility and excellent electrical conductivity. These unique inherent characteristics render them as a promising new platform for electrical related devices. This minireview highlights the recent key progress of 2D c ‐MOFs with emphasis on the design strategies,...
Mon May 25, 2020 20:34
We present herein an unprecedented allylative dicarbofunctionalization of alkynes using allylic alcohols. This simple catalytic procedure utilizes commercially available Ni(COD) 2 , triphenylphosphine and inexpensive reagents, and delivers valuable skipped dienes and trienes with an all‐carbon tetrasubstituted alkene unit in a highly stereoselective fashion. Preliminary mechanistic studies support the reaction pathway of allylnickelation followed by transmetalation in this dicarbofunctionalization...
Mon May 25, 2020 20:31
Zintl anions are excellent examples of the application of isoelectronic considerations, also referred to as the pseudo ‐element concept. In its most general formulation, this concept states that isoelectronic atoms tend to form equal numbers of bonds. Hence, clusters such as Zintl ions usually retain their structure upon isoelectronic replacement of some or all atoms. Herein, we present a combined experimental and theoretical study on a deviation from this common observation. We report the formation...
Mon May 25, 2020 20:30
Controlling the formation of nanosized branched nanoparticles with high uniformity is one of the major synthetic challenges to achieve nanocatalysts with improved activity and stability. Using a cubic‐core hexagonal‐branch mechanism to form highly monodisperse branched nanoparticles we vary the length of the nickel branches. Lengthening the nickel branches, with their high coverage of active facets, is shown to improve activity for electrocatalytic oxidation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) as...
Mon May 25, 2020 20:30
A proton–electron coupling system, exhibiting unique bistability or multistability of the protonated state, is an attractive target for developing new switchable materials on the basis of proton dynamics. In this paper, we present an iron(II) hydrazone crystalline compound, which displays the stepwise transition and bistability of proton transfer at the crystal level. These phenomena are realized through the coupling with spin transition. Although the multi‐step transition with hysteresis has been...
Mon May 25, 2020 20:19
Perylene‐fused, aggregation‐free polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with partial zigzag periphery (ZY‐01, ZY‐02, and ZY‐03) were synthesized. X‐ray crystallographic analysis reveals that there is no intermolecular π‐π stacking in all three molecules, and as a result, they show moderate‐to‐high photoluminescence quantum yield in both solution and solid state. They also display characteristic absorption and emission spectra of perylene dyes. ZY‐01 and ZY‐02 with a nearly planar π‐conjugated skeleton...
Mon May 25, 2020 18:35
A Mn‐catalyzed diastereo‐ and enantioselective hydrogenation of α‐substituted β‐ketoamides has been realized for the first time under dynamic kinetic resolution conditions. The anti‐α‐substituted β‐hydroxy amides, a type of useful building blocks for synthesis of bioactive molecules and chiral drugs, have been prepared in high yields with excellent selectivities (up to >99% dr and >99% ee) and unprecedentedly high activity (TON up to 10000). The origin of excellent stereoselectivities has been...
Mon May 25, 2020 18:33
Lewis acid zeolites have found an increasing application in the field of biomass conversion, in which the selective transformation of carbonyl‐containing molecule is of particular importance due to its relevance in organic synthesis. Mechanistic insight into the activation of carbonyl group on Lewis acid sites is challenging and critical for the understanding of the catalytic process, which requires the identification of reaction intermediates. Here we report the observation of a stable surface...
Mon May 25, 2020 18:29
Carbon dots (CDs) are emerging as a new class of carbon nanomaterials, which have inspired growing interest for their widespread applications in anti‐counterfeiting, sensing, bioimaging, optoelectronic and energy‐related fields . In terms of the concept of host‐guest assembly, i mmobilizing CDs into porous materials (PMs) ha s proven to be an eff ective strategy to avoid the ag gregation of bare CDs in solid state, in particular, the host‐guest synergy with both merits of CDs and PMs afford composites...
Mon May 25, 2020 18:29
A copper complex of a heterocorrole analog with an N‐N linkage, 1,19‐diaza‐21,24‐dicarba‐dibenzocorrole ( Cu‐5 ), was successfully synthesized via oxidative metalation–cyclization of a tetrapyrrolic precursor. The N‐N linkage in the skeleton of Cu‐5 , which serves as a mediator of π‐electron delocalization, features an 18π aromatic system. The electronic structure of Cu‐5 is best described as a ground‐state singlet species stabilized by the distinct NNCC coordination core. This finding shows...
Mon May 25, 2020 17:30
An alternative reaction mechanism of the polymerization of diphenylacetylelnes using a catalytic system composed of tungsten(VI) chloride and tetraphenyltin has been proposed through the optimization of reaction conditions and investigation of the effect of the electronic nature of diphenylacetylene monomers on the polymerizability. The detailed structures of the polymers have been suggested by mass spectrometric analysis of the obtained polymers and oligomers, which suggested that a phenyl group...
Mon May 25, 2020 17:02
The increasing pharmaceutical importance of trifluoromethylarenes has stimulated the development of more efficient trifluoromethylation reaction. Tremendous efforts have focused on copper‐ and palladium‐mediated/catalyzed trifluoromethylation of aryl halides. In contrast, no general method exists for the conversion of widely available inert electrophiles, such as phenol derivatives, into the corresponding trifluoromethylated arenes. We report herein a practical nickel‐mediated trifluoromethylation...
Mon May 25, 2020 17:01
The last decade has witnessed a burgeoning of new methods for the enantioselective vicinal difunctionalization of alkenes initiated by electrophilic sulfenyl group transfer. The addition of sulfenium ions to alkenes results in the generation of chiral, non‐racemic thiiranium ions. These highly reactive intermediates are susceptible to attack by a myriad of nucleophiles in a stereospecific ring‐opening event to afford anti 1,2‐sulfenofunctionalized products. The practical application of sulfenium...
Mon May 25, 2020 17:00
Liquid crystalline elastomers (LCEs) have been actively investigated as stimuli‐controlled actuators and soft robots. The basis of these applications is the ability of LCEs to undergo a reversible shape change upon a liquid crystalline (LC)‐isotropic phase transition. When a mechanically stretched LCE strip with uniaxially aligned mesogens (i.e., monodomain) is heated into the isotropic phase, it contracts in length and elongates in width, while the opposite change occurs on cooling the strip back...
Mon May 25, 2020 17:00
It was anticipated that the potassium reagent RK (R = CH(SiMe3)2 or N(SiMe3)2) reacts with the low‐valent Al(I) complex (DIPPBDI)Al (DIPPBDI = HC[C(Me)N(DIPP)]2, DIPP = 2,6‐iPr‐phenyl) to the anionic Al complex [(DIPPBDI)AlR]ˉK+. However, instead deprotonation of the Me group in the ligand backbone was observed and the Al(I) complex [H2C=C(N‐DIPP)‐C(H)=C(Me)‐N‐DIPP]AlˉK+ crystallized as a bright‐yellow product (1, 73%). Like most anionic Al(I) complexes, also 1 forms a dimer in which formally negatively...
Mon May 25, 2020 16:58
The major challenge, in solar water splitting to H 2 and O 2 , is in making a stable and affordable system for large‐scale applications. We have designed, fabricated and tested a photoelectrochemical reactor composed of (i) an integrated device, to reduce the balance of system cost, (ii) concentrated sunlight, to reduce the photo‐absorber cost, and (iii) alkaline electrolyte, to reduce catalyst cost and eliminate external thermal management needs. The system consists of an III–V‐based photovoltaic...
Mon May 25, 2020 15:54
The high energy footprint of commodity gas purification and ever‐increasing demand for gases require new approaches to gas separation. Kinetic separation of gas mixtures through molecular sieving can enable “ideal” separation through molecular size or shape exclusion. Physisorbents must exhibit just the right pore diameter to enable such ideal separation, but the 0.3‐0.4 nm range relevant to small gas molecules is hard to control with precision. Herein, we report that dehydration of the ultramicroporous...
Mon May 25, 2020 15:29
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Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos 72100 Crete Greece,00302841026182,00306932607174,alsfakia@gmail.com,