A Clinical Study Comparing Digital Radiography and Near-Infrared Transillumination in Caries Detection

Abstract

Objective

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of detecting proximal carious lesions utilizing a new near-infrared transillumination (NIRTI) system (CariVu, Dexis) to traditional digital bitewing radiography (BWXR).

Materials and methods

Thirty patients received four posterior BWXRs and all premolars and molars were individually imaged with the NIRTI device. Sixty-seven proximal carious lesions were classified based on their depth into enamel or dentin for both BWXR and NIRTI images.

Results

The caries depth classification between the two systems were strongly correlated (r_s = 0.66; Spearman range: 0.60–0.79 = strong) and significant (P < .001) with a median score of 3 for NIRTI and 2 for BWXR.

Conclusions

The new NIRTI system (CariVu) may serve as an adjunct to BWXR in the diagnosis of proximal caries.

Clinical significance

The NIRTI system could serve as an adjunct diagnostic system that could be used in high-caries risk programs where patients are closely monitored with regimented follow-up appointments. NIRTI could also be beneficial with pregnant or pediatric patients, and in situations where radiography may not be available such as remote humanitarian missions.

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Surface changes of various bulk-fill resin-based composites after exposure to different food-simulating liquid and beverages

Abstract

Objective

To evaluate surface roughness, hardness, and morphology changes of various bulk-fill resin composites eroded by different food-simulating liquids and beverages.

Materials and Methods

One hundred and thirteen specimens were fabricated in polytetrafluoroethylene cylindrical mold (10 mm in diameter and 4 mm in thickness). Before immersion, baseline data of roughness, Vicker's microhardness were recorded and surface characteristics were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Each product of specimens (SDR, Dentsply; SonicFill, Kerr; Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill, Ivoclar Vivadent AG; and Filtek Bulk Fill, 3M ESPE) were divided into 5 groups for spicy and sour soup, spicy soup (Tom Yum), pineapple juice, passionfruit juice, and deionized water (served as a control). Specimens were then alternately immersed in storage agents for 5 seconds and artificial saliva for 5 seconds over 10 cycles. Specimens were stored in artificial saliva for 22 hours. This process was repeated for 28 days. After immersion, surface hardness and roughness of specimens were evaluated at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days and data were analyzed by two-way repeated ANOVA and Tukey's HSD (α = 0.05). Surface morphology of specimens was also examined on day 28.

Results

The SDR group had the most statistically significant decrement in hardness (25.65 ± 1.74 kg/mm² in mean difference) and increment in roughness (0.26 ± 0.10 μm in mean difference; P < .05). Passionfruit juice caused the most surface changes in bulk-fill resin composites. SEM photomicrographs showed surface changes of all resin composites in varying degrees.

Conclusion

Acidic food-simulating liquids and beverages significantly increased the surface roughness and decreased surface microhardness of bulk-fill resin composites after evaluation at the end of the 28-day immersion period.

Clinical significance

For restoration of the affected teeth in patients who consume acidic food and beverages, roughness and erosion of resin composites should be considered. All of bulk-fill resin-based composites except SDR may be suitable for restorations in these patients.

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Layperson's perception of axial midline angulation in asymmetric faces

Abstract

Objective

Asymmetric facial features such as a deviated nose and chin are common and known to affect smile esthetics. When presented with these asymmetries, the clinician must consider the impact they will have on the smile design parameters—especially the placement and angulation of the dental midline, which is a common starting point for a case involving smile design. The purpose of this article is to determine if the nose and chin deviations affect the perception of dental midline angulation.

Materials and Methods

An asymmetric facial model (AFM) was created from a digital symmetric facial model, used in a previous study by digitally deviating the nose and chin to the same side. Eight different pictures of this AFM were created, each with different degrees of maxillary midline angulation (both in and against the direction of the deviated nose and chin). Using a visual Likert scaled delivered via Websurvey in the private practice setting, one hundred and ninety-six randomly selected laypersons were asked to evaluate each image according to their own notions of beauty.

Results

A minor axial dental midline angulation of 3.5° can be perceived independently of the direction of the cant. All pictures where the midline was canted pointing in the opposite direction of nose and chin deviations presented lower rating mean values.

Conclusions

Off-center noses and chins can influence the perceived attractiveness of a smile with a canted dental midline. The degree and direction of a canted midline can influence the harmony between the smile and overall face, with canting in the same direction of the asymmetric features being rated as more attractive.

Clinical Significance

The dental midline should be as vertically straight as possible. If a midline cant is present, however, it is more favorable to have a dental midline angulation which points in the same direction as nose and chin deviations, rather than in the opposite direction.

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Lingual orthodontic appliances: are treatment effects different from buccal appliances?

This review comparing the treatment effects of lingual and buccal orthodontic appliances only identified 4 small low quality studies. No differences were found however the findings should be interpreted cautiously.

The post Lingual orthodontic appliances: are treatment effects different from buccal appliances? appeared first on National Elf Service.

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Natural history of splenic vascular abnormalities after blunt injury: A Western Trauma Association multicenter trial

BACKGROUND: Following blunt splenic injury, there is conflicting evidence regarding the natural history and appropriate management of patients with vascular injuries of the spleen such as pseudoaneurysms or blushes. The purpose of this study was to describe the current management and outcomes of patients with pseudoaneurysm or blush. METHODS: Data were collected on adult (aged ≥18 years) patients with blunt splenic injury and a splenic vascular injury from 17 trauma centers. Demographic, physiologic, radiographic, and injury characteristics were gathered. Management and outcomes were collected. Univariate and multivariable analyses were used to determine factors associated with splenectomy. RESULTS: Two hundred patients with a vascular abnormality on computed tomography scan were enrolled. Of those, 14.5% were managed with early splenectomy. Of the remaining patients, 59% underwent angiography and embolization (ANGIO), and 26.5% were observed. Of those who underwent ANGIO, 5.9% had a repeat ANGIO, and 6.8% had splenectomy. Of those observed, 9.4% had a delayed ANGIO, and 7.6% underwent splenectomy. There were no statistically significant differences between those observed and those who underwent ANGIO. There were 111 computed tomography scans with splenic vascular injuries available for review by an expert trauma radiologist. The concordance between the original classification of the type of vascular abnormality and the expert radiologist's interpretation was 56.3%. Based on expert review, the presence of an actively bleeding vascular injury was associated with a 40.9% risk of splenectomy. This was significantly higher than those with a nonbleeding vascular injury. CONCLUSIONS: In this series, the vast majority of patients are managed with ANGIO and usually embolization, whereas splenectomy remains a rare event. However, patients with a bleeding vascular injury of the spleen are at high risk of nonoperative failure, no matter the strategy used for management. This group may warrant closer observation or an alternative management strategy. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic study, level III.

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Prevalencia de alteraciones en el complejo estilohioideo y tonsilolitos en la tomografía computarizada de haz cónico realizada en individuos con fisura labiopalatina

Publication date: Available online 23 November 2017
Source:Acta Otorrinolaringológica Española
Author(s): Eymi Valery Cazas-Duran, Izabel Regina Fischer Rubira-Bullen, Otávio Pagin, Bruna Stuchi Centurion-Pagin
Introducción y objetivosLos tonsilolitos y alteraciones en el complejo estilohioideo pueden presentar similar sintomatología a otras de diferente etiología. Los individuos con fisura labiopalatina describen similares síntomas en razón de las repercusiones anatómicas propias de esta anomalía. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de alteraciones del complejo estilohioideo y tonsilolitos en exámenes de tomografía computarizada de haz cónico en individuos con fisura labiopalatina.MétodosSegún criterios de inclusión y exclusión fueron analizadas 66 tomografías de 2.794 tomografías, en el software i- Cat visión ® con índice Kappa 0,8 intraexaminador.ResultadosLa prevalencia total de osificación del complejo estilohioideo incompleto en individuos con fisura labiopalatina fue de 66,6%, la prevalencia de estos hallazgos en el género femenino fue de 75% y 61,9% en el género masculino. La prevalencia total de tonsilolitos fue de 7,5%.ConclusiónEs de relevancia constatar en el informe radiológico la presencia de la calcificación del complejo estilo-hioideo y tonsilolitos. Debido a la proximidad anatómica y similar sintomatología clínica con otras alteraciones orofaciales presentes en los individuos con fisura labiopalatina, haciendo énfasis en individuos con fisura labiopalatina del género femenino, pacientes con fisura tipo transformen incisivo y posforamen incisivo por presentar mayor prevalencia. Conocer más sobre la morfometría anatómica de individuos con fisura labiopalatina coadyuva relevantemente en la elección de conductas clínicas y calidad de vida de estos pacientes, teniendo presente que la fisura labiopalatina es una de las anomalías más comunes.Introduction and objectivesTonsilloliths and abnormal stylohyoid complex may have similar symptoms to others of different aetiology. Individuals with cleft lip and palate describe similar symptoms because of the anatomical implications that are peculiar to this anomaly. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of abnormal stylohyoid complex and tonsilloliths on cone beam computed tomography in individuals with cleft lip and palate.MethodsAccording to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 66 CT scans out of of 2,794 were analysed, on i- Cat ® vision software with 0.8 index Kappa intra-examiner.ResultsThe total prevalence of ossification of the incomplete stylohyoid complex in individuals with cleft lip and palate was 66.6%; the prevalence of these findings in females was 75% and 61.9% in males. The total prevalence of tonsilloliths was 7.5%.ConclusionIt is important to ascertain calcification of the stylohyoid complex and tonsilloliths in the radiological report, due to the anatomical proximity and similarsymptomatology to other orofacial impairments inindividuals with cleft lip and palate, focusing on females with oral cleft formation, patients with incisive trans foramen cleft and incisive post foramen cleft because they are more prevalent. Greater knowledge of the anatomical morphometry of individuals with cleft lip and palate greatly contributes towards the selection of clinical behaviours and the quality of life of these patients, since cleft lip and palateis one of the most common anomalies.



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Poor performance of clinical prediction models: the harm of commonly applied methods

Publication date: Available online 24 November 2017
Source:Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
Author(s): Ewout W. Steyerberg, Hajime Uno, John P.A. Ioannidis, Ben van Calster, Chinedu Ukaegbu, Tara Dhingra, Sapna Syngal, Fay Kastrinos
ObjectiveTo evaluate limitations of common statistical modeling approaches in deriving clinical prediction models and explore alternative strategies.Study Design and SettingA previously published model predicted the likelihood of having a mutation at the time of diagnosis of colorectal cancer. This model was based on a cohort where 38 mutations were found among 870 participants, with validation in an independent cohort with 35 mutations. The modeling strategy included stepwise selection of predictors from a pool of 37 candidate predictors and dichotomization of continuous predictors. We simulated this strategy in small subsets of a large contemporary cohort (2,051 mutations among 19,866 participants) and made comparisons to other modeling approaches. All models were evaluated according to discriminative ability (concordance index, c) in independent data.ResultsWe found over 50% bias for 5 out of 6 originally selected predictors, unstable model specification, and poor performance at validation (median c=0.74). A small validation sample hampered stable assessment of performance. Model pre-specification based on external knowledge and using continuous predictors led to better performance (c=0.836 and c=0.852 with 38 and 2,051 events respectively).ConclusionPrediction models perform poorly if based on small numbers and developed with common but suboptimal statistical approaches. Alternative modeling strategies to best exploit available predictive information need wider implementation, with collaborative research to increase sample sizes.



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Same family, different species: methodological conduct and quality varies according to purpose for five types of knowledge synthesis

Publication date: Available online 2 November 2017
Source:Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
Author(s): Andrea C. Tricco, Wasifa Zarin, Marco Ghassemi, Vera Nincic, Erin Lillie, Matthew J. Page, Larissa Shamseer, Jesmin Antony, Patricia Rios, Jeremiah Hwee, Areti Angeliki Veroniki, David Moher, Lisa Hartling, Ba' Pham, Sharon E. Straus
ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to characterize methodological conduct, reporting, and quality of five knowledge synthesis (KS) approaches.Study Design and SettingRetrospective analysis of a convenience sample of five published databases: overview of reviews (n = 74), scoping reviews (n = 494), rapid reviews (n = 84), systematic reviews (n = 300), and network meta-analyses (NMAs; n = 456). Reporting characteristics and methodological conduct were abstracted by one reviewer. Methods were appraised using the A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) tool. Descriptive analysis was performed.ResultsReporting the use of a protocol ranged from 4% for rapid reviews to 32% for systematic reviews. The use of two reviewers for citation and full-text screening ranged from 20% for scoping reviews to 60% for NMA. Data abstraction was performed in duplicate for 11% of rapid reviews and 54% for NMA, and for risk of bias appraisal, this ranged from 6% for scoping reviews to 41% for NMA. NMA had the highest median percentage of maximum obtainable AMSTAR score (64%; Q1–Q3:45–73%), while scoping reviews had the lowest (25%; Q1–Q3:13–38%).ConclusionNMA consistently scored the highest on the AMSTAR tool likely because the purpose is to estimate treatment effects statistically. Scoping reviews scored the lowest (even after adjusting the score for not relevant items) likely because the purpose is to characterize the literature.



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HSA investigating sale of DIY dental kits online

The Health Sciences Authority is investigating the sale of dental kits online, amid the rise in availability of such do-it-yourself kits on the Internet. SINGAPORE: The Health Sciences Authority is investigating the sale of dental kits online, amid the rise in availability of such do-it-yourself kits on the Internet.

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Impact of hydration and nutrition on personal performance in the clinical workplace

As clinicians we sometimes fail to look after ourselves at work. We often do not drink enough during the day or miss lunch breaks while caring for patients, and this can be particularly evident during an all-day operating list when procedures are long and complex. Some operating theatre staff do not even eat breakfast regularly. Inadequate intake of fluids or nutrition can impair performance, lead to tiredness and headaches, and may compromise both our own health and the care we provide to patients.

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Evaluation of the morphology of the genial tubercle using cone-beam computed tomography

The genial tubercle is a sharp projection of bone on the internal face of the mandible above the inferior border.1

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Is routine holistic assessment with a prompt list feasible during consultations after treatment for oral cancer?

The head and neck cancer Patient Concerns Inventory (PCI-HN) is a holistic, self-reported list of items that can help patients to disclose their needs and concerns during routine follow-up consultations. The aim of this study was to report how often it was used during the first three years of follow up after treatment for oral cancer, and the range of issues that were raised. The sample comprised consecutive patients treated over a three-year period with curative intent. All clinic attendances were reviewed until October 2015 or until patients had a recurrence, a subsequent primary, metastases, or were discharged home or to follow up at a peripheral hospital, or started palliative care.

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Corrigendum to “Schneider membrane thickness classification evaluated by cone-beam computed tomography and its importance in the predictability of perforation. Retrospective analysis of 200 patients” [Br. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 54 (10) (December 2016) 1106–1110]

The authors regret the errors in the membrane thickness in Table 1 of the above referenced paper. The correct table can be found below.

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Effects of lipid emulsion particle size on satiety and energy intake: a randomised cross-over trial

Effects of lipid emulsion particle size on satiety and energy intake: a randomised cross-over trial

Effects of lipid emulsion particle size on satiety and energy intake: a randomised cross-over trial, Published online: 24 November 2017; doi:10.1038/s41430-017-0016-7

Effects of lipid emulsion particle size on satiety and energy intake: a randomised cross-over trial

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Strawberry Gingivitis in Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis

Figure 1.

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Persistent Dentoalveolar Pain Disorder: A Comprehensive Review

Persistent dentoalveolar pain of idiopathic origin represents a diagnostic challenge for the dentist and physician alike. Disagreement on taxonomy and diagnostic criteria presents a significant limit to the advancement of research in the field. Patients struggle with a lack of knowledge by dental and medical professionals, diagnostic delays, and unnecessary treatments.

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Poor performance of clinical prediction models: the harm of commonly applied methods

To evaluate limitations of common statistical modeling approaches in deriving clinical prediction models and explore alternative strategies.

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Gemcitabine plus platinum-based chemotherapy for first-line treatment of hepatocholangiocarcinoma: an AGEO French multicentre retrospective study

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MYC regulation of glutamine–proline regulatory axis is key in luminal B breast cancer

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HER2 expression patterns in paired primary and metastatic endometrial cancer lesions

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Inflammatory cytokine IL-8/CXCL8 promotes tumour escape from hepatocyte-induced dormancy

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Long-term outcomes of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia cochlear implant program among paediatric implantees

Cochlear implant (CI) greatly enhances auditory performance as compared to hearing aids and has dramatically affected the educational and communication outcomes for profoundly deaf children. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) pioneered CI program in 1995 in the South East Asia. We would like to report the long-term outcomes of UKM paediatric cochlear implantation in terms of: the proportion of children who were implanted and still using the device, the children's modes of communication, their educational placements, and their functional auditory/oral performance.

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Pediatric laryngeal cleft repair and dysphagia

To describe changes in diet and swallow function in patients with a laryngeal cleft after surgical repair of the laryngeal cleft.

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Postoperative bradycardia following adenotonsillectomy in children: Does intraoperative administration of dexmedetomidine play a role?

Dexmedetomidine is a novel pharmacologic agent that has become a frequently used adjunct during care of pediatric patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) undergoing tonsillectomy. While generally safe and effective, dexmedetomidine is associated with adverse effects of hypotension and bradycardia from its central sympatholytic effects. Due to safety concerns, our institution routinely admits patients with OSA for overnight cardiorespiratory monitoring following tonsillectomy. With such monitoring, we have anecdotally noted bradycardia in our patients and sought to investigate whether this was related to the increased use of intra-operative dexmedetomidine.

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Sexsomnia: a diagnostic challenge, a case report

Marina Mioč, Elena Antelmi, Marco Filardi, Fabio Pizza, Francesca Ingravallo, Lino Nobili, Carlo Alberto Tassinari, Carlos H. Schenck and Giuseppe Plazzi have no financial relationships relevant to this article to disclose.

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A not so incidental finding in a 12 year old with sleepiness and headaches

A 12-year-old girl presented with headaches and hypersomnolence. Her bedtime was 10 PM with a latency of 30 minutes. Reported sleeping for 12-16 hours. Upon awakening she felt sleepy and tired but this resolved as the day went on. There were no symptoms of snoring, parasomnias, hypnagogic hallucinations, cataplexy, sleep paralysis, or restless legs. Physical and neurologic exams were normal. Polysomnography was normal. Brain MRI showed a pineal cyst (Figure 1). Salivary melatonin levels (ELISA/EIA calibrated range 0.78-50 pg/ml) were collected by the parent; at home, under regular bedtime conditions.

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Differences in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep abnormalities between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder patients: REM interruption correlated with nightmare complaints in PTSD

The presence of repeated nightmares in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been hypothesized as a dysfunction of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, but there has been remarkably little agreement about the pathophysiology. This presents a deterrent to more effective treatments. REM sleep abnormalities including elevated REM density also have been replicated in major depressive disorder (MDD). The purpose of this study was to clarify the difference of REM sleep abnormalities between the two disorders for understanding the pathophysiology of sleep disturbances in PTSD.

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Elevated Tau and Interleukin-6 Concentrations in Adults with Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by apneas and hypopneas, resulting in hypoxia, cerebral hypoperfusion, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress. These pathophysiologic processes likely contribute to neuronal damage. Tau is a protein that stabilizes microtubules, which along with amyloid beta (Aβ), is linked to neurodegenerative processes. We sought to determine if tau, and other biomarkers of inflammation, were related to OSA severity.Concentrations of tau, Aβ40 and Aβ42, c-reactive protein (CRP), TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10 were measured in blood and compared in participants with moderate-severe (n=28), mild OSA (n=22), and healthy controls (n=24).

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MYC regulation of glutamine–proline regulatory axis is key in luminal B breast cancer

MYC regulation of glutamine–proline regulatory axis is key in luminal B breast cancer

MYC regulation of glutamine–proline regulatory axis is key in luminal B breast cancer, Published online: 23 November 2017; doi:10.1038/bjc.2017.387

MYC regulation of glutamine–proline regulatory axis is key in luminal B breast cancer

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HER2 expression patterns in paired primary and metastatic endometrial cancer lesions

HER2 expression patterns in paired primary and metastatic endometrial cancer lesions

HER2 expression patterns in paired primary and metastatic endometrial cancer lesions, Published online: 23 November 2017; doi:10.1038/bjc.2017.422

HER2 expression patterns in paired primary and metastatic endometrial cancer lesions

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Gemcitabine plus platinum-based chemotherapy for first-line treatment of hepatocholangiocarcinoma: an AGEO French multicentre retrospective study

Gemcitabine plus platinum-based chemotherapy for first-line treatment of hepatocholangiocarcinoma: an AGEO French multicentre retrospective study

Gemcitabine plus platinum-based chemotherapy for first-line treatment of hepatocholangiocarcinoma: an AGEO French multicentre retrospective study, Published online: 23 November 2017; doi:10.1038/bjc.2017.413

Gemcitabine plus platinum-based chemotherapy for first-line treatment of hepatocholangiocarcinoma: an AGEO French multicentre retrospective study

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Inflammatory cytokine IL-8/CXCL8 promotes tumour escape from hepatocyte-induced dormancy

Inflammatory cytokine IL-8/CXCL8 promotes tumour escape from hepatocyte-induced dormancy

Inflammatory cytokine IL-8/CXCL8 promotes tumour escape from hepatocyte-induced dormancy, Published online: 23 November 2017; doi:10.1038/bjc.2017.414

Inflammatory cytokine IL-8/CXCL8 promotes tumour escape from hepatocyte-induced dormancy

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Group fights to get Saint John inmate help for broken tooth

Matthew Hudson, an inmate at the Saint John Regional Correctional Centre, says he's been denied access to a dentist despite living in pain for four months. A group that works with inmates at the Saint John Correctional Centre is trying to help a man who claims he's being denied dental care.

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Caldera resurgence driven by magma viscosity contrasts

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Antagonistic bacteria disrupt calcium homeostasis and immobilize algal cells

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Effects of lipid emulsion particle size on satiety and energy intake: a randomised cross-over trial

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“What do you know?”——knowledge among village doctors of lead poisoning in children in rural China

This study evaluates the extent of village doctors' knowledge of lead poisoning in children in rural China and assesses the characteristics associated with possessing accurate knowledge.

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Cultural factors associated with the intent to be screened for prostate cancer among adult men in a rural Kenyan community

The aim of this study was to determine cultural factors associated with prostate cancer screening intent among adult Kenyan African men.

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Situational analysis of antibiotic use and resistance in Ghana: policy and regulation

Antibiotics have played an essential role in decreasing morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases. However, indiscriminate use and unrestricted access is contributing to the emergence of bacterial resis...

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Warfarin resistance from primidone in patient with essential tremor

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Acquitted LR dentist sues over 2016 sex case

Jose Turcios, a Little Rock dentist, was acquitted of second-degree sexual assault in April 2016, by a Pulaski County jury. His arrest in March 2015, came after a teenage girl accused him of sexually assaulting her during an appointment.

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Unequal Exposure or Unequal Vulnerability? Contributions of Neighborhood Conditions and Cardiovascular Risk Factors to Socioeconomic Inequality in Incident Cardiovascular Disease in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Abstract

Risk factors can drive socioeconomic inequalities in cardiovascular disease (CVD) through differential exposure and differential vulnerability. We show how econometric decomposition directly enables simultaneous, policy-oriented assessment of these two mechanisms. We specifically estimated contributions via these mechanisms of neighborhood environment and proximal risk factors to socioeconomic inequality in CVD incidence. We followed 5,608 participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (2000–2012) until the first CVD event (median follow-up 12.2 years). We used a summary measure of baseline socioeconomic position (SEP). Covariates included baseline demographics, neighborhood, psychosocial, behavioral, and biomedical risk factors. Using Poisson models, we decomposed the difference (inequality) in incidence rates between low- and high-SEP groups into contributions of 1) differences in covariate means (differential exposure), and 2) differences in CVD risk associated with covariates (differential vulnerability). Notwithstanding large uncertainty in neighborhood estimates, our analysis suggests that differential exposure to poorer neighborhood socioeconomic conditions, adverse social environment, diabetes, and hypertension accounts for most of inequality. Psychosocial and behavioral contributions were negligible. Further, neighborhood SEP, female gender, and White race were more strongly associated with CVD among low-SEP (vs. high-SEP) participants. These differentials in vulnerability also accounted for nontrivial portions of the inequality, and could have important implications for intervention.

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Maternal and Neonatal Vitamin D Status are not Associated With Risk of Childhood Type 1 Diabetes: A Scandinavian Case-Cohort Study

Abstract

Studies on vitamin D status during pregnancy and risk of type 1 diabetes (T1D) lack consistency, and are limited by small sample sizes or single measures of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D). We investigated whether average maternal 25(OH)D plasma concentrations during pregnancy are associated with risk of childhood T1D. In a case-cohort design, we identified 459 children with T1D and a random sample (n = 1,561) from the Danish National Birth Cohort (n = 97,127) and Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (n = 113,053). Participants were born between 1996 and 2009. The primary exposure was the estimated average 25(OH)D concentration based on serial samples from the first trimester until delivery, and umbilical cord plasma. We estimated hazard ratios using weighted Cox regression adjusting for multiple confounders. The adjusted hazard ratio for T1D per 10 nmol/L increase in the estimated average 25(OH)D concentration was 1.00 (95% confidence interval: 0.90, 1.10). Results were consistent in both cohorts, in multiple sensitivity analyses, and when we analyzed mid-pregnancy or cord blood separately. In conclusion, our large study demonstrated that normal variation in maternal or neonatal 25(OH)D is unlikely to have a clinically important effect on risk of childhood T1D.

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Sensitization to PR-10 proteins is indicative of distinctive sensitization patterns in adults with a suspected food allergy

The extent of co-sensitization within and between food protein families in an adult population is largely unknown. This study aimed to identify the most frequently recognized components in the PR-10 and storag...

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Cohort Profile: The Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II (KCPS-II) Biobank

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Calls made for increased dentistry services to improve general health

HEALTH: Calls have been made for a better offering of NHS dentists in Bury. Picture credit: Rui Vieira/PA Wire.

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Deep TMS of the insula using the H-coil modulates dopamine release: a crossover [ 11 C] PHNO-PET pilot trial in healthy humans

Abstract

Modulating the function of the insular cortex could be a novel therapeutic strategy to treat addiction to a variety of drugs of abuse as this region has been implicated in mediating drug reward and addictive processes. The recent advent of the H-coil has permitted the targeting of deeper brain structures which was not previously feasible. The goal of this study was to bilaterally target the insular region using the H-coil with repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) and subsequently measure changes in dopamine levels using Positron Emission Tomography (PET) with [11C]-(+)-propyl-hexahydro-naphtho-oxazin (PHNO). This was a within-subject, crossover, blinded and sham-controlled pilot study. Eight healthy, right-handed subjects, aged 19–45, participated in the investigation. All subjects underwent 3 PHNO-PET scans preceded by rTMS (sham, 1 Hz or 10 Hz), on 3 separate days. Low frequency rTMS (1 Hz), targeting the insular cortex, significantly decreased dopamine levels in the substantia nigra, sensorimotor striatum and associative striatum. Replicating this study in tobacco smokers or alcoholics would be a logical follow-up to assess whether H-coil stimulation of the bilateral insula can be employed as a treatment option for addiction. Trial registration: NCT02212405

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Two years of tamoxifen or no adjuvant systemic therapy for patients with high-risk breast cancer: long-term follow-up of the Copenhagen breast cancer trial

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Characterization of basal-like subtype in a Danish consecutive primary breast cancer cohort

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Clinical and molecular characterization of BRCA-associated breast cancer: results from the DBCG

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Molecular subtyping of breast cancer improves identification of both high and low risk patients

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Primary bone lymphoma presenting as skeletal lesions in a patient recently treated for prostate cancer

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Accuracy of self-reported family history of cancer, mutation status and tumor characteristics in patients with early onset breast cancer

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Molecular characterization of Helicobacter pylori resistance to rifamycins

Abstract

Introduction

Antibiotic resistance is a major contributing factor in treatment failure of Helicobacter pylori eradication. Rifabutin (RB) is a rescue treatment and rifampicin (RP) is used to screen RB resistance in vitro. The aim of this study was to evaluate the rate of rifamycins resistance and to determine the mutations in the rpoB gene conferring resistance to discuss the current break point.

Methods

Antimicrobial susceptibility to RP was first determined by E-test for 1015 H. pylori isolates. RP and RB MICs were then determined by agar dilution method for strains with MIC of RP > 1 mg/L, and the rpoB gene was sequenced.

Results

Overall, 54 of 1015 strains exhibited a RP MIC > 1 mg/L by agar dilution method. Among these 54 strains, 10 had MICs of RP > 4 mg/L and RB ≥ 1 mg/L. They all carried at least one mutation in the rpoB gene at codons 530, 538, 540, 525 in the RP resistance-determining region (RRDR). Implication of the mutation L547F was confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis experiment. In contrast, among the 44 H. pylori isolates with a MIC of RP comprised between 2 and 4 mg/L, only 4 of 44 (9%) strains exhibited a mutation in rpoB, but outside RRDR (codons 470, 499, 636, or 657). For 31 of 44 tested strains, the RB MICs were ≤0.064 mg/L.

Conclusion

These results suggest that H. pylori isolates should be classified as resistant to RP for MICs > 4 mg/L. We considered that the optimal cut off for RB was ≥0.125 mg/L. We report a new mutation responsible for rifamycins, resistance, L547F.

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Upholding the human right of children in New Zealand experiencing communication difficulties to voice their needs and dreams

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NR4A1 inhibition synergizes with ibrutinib in killing mantle cell lymphoma cells

NR4A1 inhibition synergizes with ibrutinib in killing mantle cell lymphoma cells

NR4A1 inhibition synergizes with ibrutinib in killing mantle cell lymphoma cells, Published online: 23 November 2017; doi:10.1038/s41408-017-0005-z

NR4A1 inhibition synergizes with ibrutinib in killing mantle cell lymphoma cells

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Incidence and risk factors of hepatitis B virus reactivation in patients with multiple myeloma in an era with novel agents: a nationwide retrospective study in Japan

Incidence and risk factors of hepatitis B virus reactivation in patients with multiple myeloma in an era with novel agents: a nationwide retrospective study in Japan

Incidence and risk factors of hepatitis B virus reactivation in patients with multiple myeloma in an era with novel agents: a nationwide retrospective study in Japan, Published online: 23 November 2017; doi:10.1038/s41408-017-0002-2

Incidence and risk factors of hepatitis B virus reactivation in patients with multiple myeloma in an era with novel agents: a nationwide retrospective study in Japan

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Decrease of insoluble glucan formation in Streptococcus mutans by co-cultivation with Enterococcus faecium T7 and glucanase addition.

Decrease of insoluble glucan formation in Streptococcus mutans by co-cultivation with Enterococcus faecium T7 and glucanase addition.

Biotechnol Lett. 2017 Nov 21;:

Authors: Yu SH, Kwak SH, Nguyen TTH, Seo YS, Song C, Mok IK, Kim D

Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To develop preventive canine oral health bio-materials consisting of probiotics and glucanase to reduce insoluble glucan and volatile sulfur compound formation.
RESULTS: Co-cultivation of Enterococcus faecium T7 with Streptococcus mutans at inoculation ratio of 3:1 (v/v) resulted in 25% reduction in the growth of Streptococcus mutans. Amounts of soluble and insoluble glucans produced by S. mutans were decreased to 70 and 55%, respectively. Insoluble glucan was decreased from 0.6 µg/ml in S. mutans culture to 0.03 µg/ml in S. mutans co-cultivated with E. faecium T7 in the presence of Lipomyces starkeyi glucanase. Volatile sulfur compound, a main component of halitosis produced by Fusobacteria nucleatum, was decreased by co-cultivating F. nucleatum with E. faecium.
CONCLUSION: E. faecium and glucanase can be combined as potentially active ingredients of oral care products for pets by reducing plaque-forming bacteria growth and their by-products that cause cavity and periodontal disease.

PMID: 29164415 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Affordable 3D printed clear aligners company Candid Co. raises $15 million

Candid Co, a US based orthodontics company offering direct-to-consumer and affordable 3D printed clear aligners has raised $15 million in capital from series A funding. The company offers modelling kits for aligners, which customers then return and receive a treatment plan for. The new funding, with significant input from investors Greycroft, Bessemer, and e.ventures, will be used […]

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ABC of Clinical Professionalism

Clinical professionalism is a set of values, behaviours and relationships which underpins the public's trust in healthcare providers both as individuals and organisations.  'First, do no harm' is expressed most clearly today in the patient safety movement and the imperative for transparency and candour in the delivery of healthcare.  Professional conduct is essential for safe and high quality clinical care. Read More...

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Elevation in tropical sky islands as the common driver in structuring genes and communities of freshwater organisms

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Publisher Correction: Orbital bistatic radar observations of asteroid Vesta by the Dawn mission

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Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria Nullify the Antagonistic Effect of Soil Calcification on Bioavailability of Phosphorus in Alkaline Soils

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The molecular basis of phosphite and hypophosphite recognition by ABC-transporters

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Determination of Asphaltene Critical Nanoaggregate Concentration Region Using Ultrasound Velocity Measurements

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Complex three-dimensional self-assembly in proxies for atmospheric aerosols

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Resident Microbiome Disruption with Antibiotics Enhances Virulence of a Colonizing Pathogen

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The steady enhancement of the Australian Summer Monsoon in the last 200 years

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An estimate of diapycnal nutrient fluxes to the euphotic zone in the Florida Straits

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Direct evidence of multichannel-improved charge-carrier mechanism for enhanced photocatalytic H2 evolution

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Larval Dispersal of Spodoptera frugiperda Strains on Bt Cotton: A Model for Understanding Resistance Evolution and Consequences for its Management

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The origin of motif families in food webs

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Relative importance of dietary uptake and waterborne exposure for a leaf-shredding amphipod exposed to thiacloprid-contaminated leaves

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Alterations in gut microbiota associated with a cafeteria diet and the physiological consequences in the host

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Alterations in gut microbiota associated with a cafeteria diet and the physiological consequences in the host

Alterations in gut microbiota associated with a cafeteria diet and the physiological consequences in the host

Alterations in gut microbiota associated with a cafeteria diet and the physiological consequences in the host, Published online: 23 November 2017; doi:10.1038/ijo.2017.284

Alterations in gut microbiota associated with a cafeteria diet and the physiological consequences in the host

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Helping PR hurricane victims one box at a time

It only takes one person to start a movement, and Wakefield resident Elizabeth "Liz" Stumpf started one not long after Stumpf, a hygienist for a dental practice in North Reading, was born on Long Island, N.Y. but moved to Puerto Rico when she was two years old. When she moved to Wakefield 22 years ago to start a family with her husband Mark, she left behind her entire family in Puerto Rico, including her mother.

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Percutaneous bone anchored hearing system implant survival after 550 primary implant surgeries

Abstract

The Bone Anchored Hearing System (BAHS) has become an established option for rehabilitation of several type of hearing impairment such as conductive hearing loss, mixed hearing loss and single sided deafness ¹. Overall good outcomes have been reported. Nevertheless, complications such as inflammation of the skin around the percutaneous abutment, pain and implant loss are related to BAHS ².

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Postoperative efficacy analysis of patients with facial nerve palsy associated with cholesteatoma otitis media: Our experience with 32 patients

Abstract

Patients who underwent surgery within 4 weeks after facial palsy had better outcomes than those who had surgery later.

The results of partial and near-complete decompression were good, with no difference between the two methods.

Even if the symptom duration of facial paralysis was > 4 weeks, surgery still had an impact.

Unlike in surgery for facial paralysis due to other causes, the integrity of the sheath membrane should be preserved.

There is a lag in the electroneurography test results.

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Noise exposure while commuting in Toronto - a study of personal and public transportation in Toronto

With an increasing proportion of the population living in cities, mass transportation has been rapidly expanding to facilitate the demand, yet there is a concern that mass transit has the potential to result i...

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Safety of transtympanic application of probiotics in a chinchilla animal model

Chronic suppurative otitis media can be recalcitrant and difficult to treat, particularly with the increasing occurrence of antibiotic resistance. Lactobacillus plantarum is a probiotic that has been shown to dec...

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