Visual Influences on Auditory Behavioral, Neural, and Perceptual Processes: A Review

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Visual Influences on Auditory Behavioral, Neural, and Perceptual Processes: A Review Via Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology Abstract In a naturalistic environment, auditory cues are often accompanied by information from other senses, which can be redundant with or complementary to the auditory information. Although the multisensory interactions derived from this combination of information and that shape auditory function are seen across all sensory modalities, our greatest body of knowledge to date centers on how vision influences audition. In this review, we attempt to capture the state of our understanding at this point in time regarding this topic. Following a general introduction, the review is divided into 5 sections. In the first section, we review the psychophysical evidence in humans regarding vision's influence in audition, making the distinction between vision's ability to enhance versus alter auditory performance and perception. Three examples are then described that serve to highlight vision's ability to modulate auditory processes: spatial ventriloquism, cross-modal dynamic capture, and the McGurk effect. The final part of this section discusses models that have been built based on available psychophysical data and that seek to provide greater mechanistic insights into how vision can impact audition. The second section reviews the extant neuroimaging and far-field imaging work on this topic, with a strong emphasis on the roles of feedforward and feedback processes, on imaging insights into the causal nature of audiovisual interactions, and on the limitations of current imaging-based approaches. These limitations point to a greater need for machine-learning-based decoding approaches toward understanding how auditory representations are shaped by vision. The third section reviews the wealth of neuroanatomical and neurophysiological data from animal models that highlights audiovisual interactions at the neuronal and circuit level in both subcortical and cortical structures. It also speaks to the functional significance of audiov isual interactions for two critically important facets of auditory perception—scene analysis and communication. The fourth section presents current evidence for alterations in audiovisual processes in three clinical conditions: autism, schizophrenia, and sensorineural hearing loss. These changes in audiovisual interactions are postulated to have cascading effects on higher-order domains of dysfunction in these conditions. The final section highlights ongoing work seeking to leverage our knowledge of audiovisual interactions to develop better remediation approaches to these sensory-based disorders, founded in concepts of perceptual plasticity in which vision has been shown to have the capacity to facilitate auditory learning. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Prepectoral immediate breast reconstruction with polyurethane foam-coated implants: Feasibility and early results in risk-reducing and therapeutic mastectomies

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Prepectoral immediate breast reconstruction with polyurethane foam-coated implants: Feasibility and early results in risk-reducing and therapeutic mastectomies Via Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery : JPRAS J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2021 Apr 20:S1748-6815(21)00181-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2021.03.077. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: There is a renewed interest for prepectoral reconstruction. We aimed to describe the feasibility and the early complications associated with immediate one-stage direct-to-implant (DTI) reconstruction using prepectoral anatomical polyurethane (PU) foam-coated implants alone, for women with breast cancer or mutation carriers undergoing risk-reducing surgery. METHODS: We performed a single-center, retrospective review of 50 patients (mean age of 49 years), who underwent skin-sparing mastectomy (SSM) or nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) and immediate prepectoral PU implant-based reconstruction. All procedures were performed by the same senior operator, from July 2018 to March 2020. RESULTS: A total of 64 mastectomies (25 SSMs and 39 NSMs) with one-stage prepectoral PU foam-coated implant r econstruction were performed. Out of 50 patients, 6 required surgical revision within 30 days, because of hematoma (2), wound dehiscence (2) infection (1), and full thickness nipple-areolar complex (NAC) necrosis (1). Four patients developed a cutaneous rash with spontaneous resolution. Statistical analysis showed a significant influence of hypothyroidism and previous radiotherapy on the risk of complications. The association with prior radiotherapy (pRT) was not significant using binary logistic regression. When excluding oncological reasons and patient's wish for NAC excision, our decision to perform an NSM was influenced by breast cup size, preoperative measurements, and breast weight. CONCLUSIONS: Early experience with immediate prepectoral DTI reconstruction with PU-covered implants alone suggests that it is a reliable procedure. Prior breast irradiation does not increase postoperative complication rates in our series. NAC preservation was decided according to preoperativ e lower breast measurements. PMID:34011475 | DOI:10.1016/j.bjps.2021.03.077 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Oncoplastic reconstruction of central lumpectomy defects using the medial pillar island flap

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Oncoplastic reconstruction of central lumpectomy defects using the medial pillar island flap Via Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery : JPRAS J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2021 Apr 18:S1748-6815(21)00206-0. doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2021.03.102. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT PURPOSE: This report presents the medial pillar island flap technique of oncoplastic breast reconstruction of central defects that involve the nipple-areola complex. METHODS: The procedure was performed in patients who presented with inferior pole redundancy using a vertical mammaplasty pattern. The flap was designed utilizing the territory of the lower pole as an island flap pedicled by the internal mammary artery perforators surrounded by the soft tissue of the medial pillar. RESULTS: Eight patients underwent the procedure with a mean age of 57.6 years. Median breast cup size was D (range: from C to DDD). The mean body mass index was 37.3 kg/m2 (range: from 32.1 to 41.5). The size of the defect ranged from 64 to 150 cm3 (mean, 97.2). Concomitant opposite breast vertical r eduction was performed in 6 cases. Flap survival was uneventful. Nipple reconstruction was performed 6 months after radiation treatment in 4 patients. No major complications were encountered. Two patients developed minor wound breakdown after nipple reconstruction. CONCLUSIONS: The medial pillar island flap is presented as a safe and reliable option for the reconstruction of central partial mastectomy defects in patients with macromastia or breast ptosis. Internal mammary system provides predictable and robust flap viability while complete separation from the inframammary fold allows for unrestricted mobility. The procedure is designed with vertical scar mammaplasty, which results in a smooth contour to the lower pole. The flap allows for nipple reconstruction using well-vascularized skin paddle. The technique is offered as an alternative oncoplasty option for neoareolar reconstruction. PMID:34011471 | DOI:10.1016/j.bjps.2021.03.102 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Performance of infrared thermography and thermal stress test in perforator mapping and flap monitoring: A meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Performance of infrared thermography and thermal stress test in perforator mapping and flap monitoring: A meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy Via Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery : JPRAS J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2021 Apr 18:S1748-6815(21)00192-3. doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2021.03.088. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Accurate mapping of perforators prior to flap reconstruction and early detection of poor flap perfusion reduces the risk of flap failure. Infrared thermography (IRT) has recently regained popularity within reconstructive surgery to aid flap design, reduce operative time and assess flap viability based on surface temperature changes. The aim of this review is to quantify the diagnostic ability of IRT in perforator mapping preoperatively and monitor flap perfusion perioperatively. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of literature and included all studies that evaluated the use of IRT for perforator mapping and flap perfusion monitoring. We used a mixed-effects logistic regression bivariate model to estimate the summary sensitivity and specificity and constructed hierarchical summary re ceiver operative characteristic (HSROC) curves. OUTCOME: We identified 18 studies and observed IRT to have sensitivities of 99.6% and 89.6% with specificities of 99.9% and 96.0% for perforator mapping and flap monitoring, respectively. Moreover, IRT recognises patterns of perfusion within interperforator zones through visualisation of angiosomal rewarming and may improve flap outcomes. PMID:34011474 | DOI:10.1016/j.bjps.2021.03.088 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Presence of estrogen and progesterone receptors in proliferating and involuting infantile hemangiomas

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Presence of estrogen and progesterone receptors in proliferating and involuting infantile hemangiomas Via Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery : JPRAS J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2021 Apr 20:S1748-6815(21)00204-7. doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2021.03.100. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Studies in the literature have demonstrated the presence of sex hormone receptors in infantile hemangiomas (IHs), but further investigation is needed to determine the role of these receptors in their proliferation and involution. To date, there are no studies in the literature that aimed to quantitatively examine the expression of sex hormone receptors throughout the different phases of hemangioma development. OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to quantitatively evaluate the expression of estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors in the proliferative and involuting phases of IHs through the use of real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). METHODS: Twenty IHs (10 proliferating and 10 involuting) were harvested and prepared for molecular investigation. ER receptor alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ) and the PR expression were examined by RT-PCR and western blot. RESULTS: RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that mRNA expression of ERα, ERβ, and PR was significantly lower in proliferating versus involuting IH. Western blot analysis revealed increased protein expression of ERα in involuting hemangiomas as compared to proliferating ones. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates the variable expression of ER and PR receptors in proliferating and involuting hemangiomas. Further studies are needed to determine the exact role of these hormone receptors in the growth and involution of IHs. PMID:34011473 | DOI:10.1016/j.bjps.2021.03.100 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Presenting as a Subperiosteal Collection

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Presenting as a Subperiosteal Collection Via leak of cerebrospinal fluid Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 2021 May-Jun 01;37(3S):S126-S127. doi: 10.1097/IOP.0000000000001877. NO ABSTRACT PMID:34011914 | DOI:10.1097/IOP.0000000000001877 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Incidence and time trends of herpes zoster among patients with head and neck cancer who did and did not undergo radiotherapy: A population-based cohort study

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Incidence and time trends of herpes zoster among patients with head and neck cancer who did and did not undergo radiotherapy: A population-based cohort study Via Head and neck cancers by Peng-Yi Lee, Jung-Nien Lai, Lu-Ting Chiu, Yu-Ting Wei Purpose This study aimed to determine the risk and time trends of herpes zoster among patients with head and neck cancer, with or without radiotherapy. Methods A total of 2160 patients with head and neck cancer were enrolled. The radiotherapy and non- radiotherapy cohorts were frequency-matched at a 1:1 ratio according to sex, age, and index date. Moreover, 1080 matched non-cancer individuals were considered normal controls. Data were obtained from the National Health Insurance Research Database and Cancer Registry. The primary end point was the incidence of herpes zoster, and the adjusted confounding factors were age, sex, comorbidities, oncological surgery, and chemotherapy. Results The incidence of herpes zoster was higher in cancer patients than in non-cancer individuals but did not significantly differ (13.67 vs. 8.06 per 1,000 person-years, p = 0.18). The risk of herpes zoster was significantly higher in the radiotherapy cohort than in the non-radiothera py cohort (18.55 vs. 9.06 per 1,000 person-years, p = 0.03). The 5-year incidence rates in the radiotherapy and non-radiotherapy cohorts were 8.9% and 5%, respectively (p p = 0.02). Oncological surgery and chemotherapy had no impact on the development of herpes zoster. Conclusions This nationwide population-based study showed that patients with head and neck cancer receiving radiotherapy are at an increased risk of herpes zoster. Health care professionals should pay more attention to this vulnerable group to improve their quality of life. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Myofascial Release Effects in Teachers’ Posture, Muscle Tension and Voice Quality: A Randomized Controlled Trial

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Myofascial Release Effects in Teachers' Posture, Muscle Tension and Voice Quality: A Randomized Controlled Trial Via Journal of Voice Myofascial release (MFR) comprises a set of manual therapeutic techniques applied to many conditions, but specific evidence concerning its effects on body posture, muscle tension and voice has been lacking. Thus, the aim of this study was to verify the effects of MFR in teachers' posture, muscular tension and voice quality. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Thyroid Cancer, Recent Advances in Diagnosis and Therapy

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Thyroid Cancer, Recent Advances in Diagnosis and Therapy Via radioactive iodine Int J Cancer. 2021 May 20. doi: 10.1002/ijc.33690. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Over the past several decades, the approach to the diagnosis and management of patients with follicular cell-derived thyroid cancer has evolved based on improved classification of patients better matching clinical outcomes, as well as advances in imaging, laboratory, molecular technologies, and knowledge. While thyroid surgery, radioactive iodine therapy, and TSH suppression remain the mainstays of tr eatment, this expansion of knowledge has enabled de-escalation of therapy for individuals diagnosed with low-risk well-differentiated thyroid cancer; better definition of treatment choices for patients with more aggressive disease; and improved ability to optimize treatments for patients with persistent and/or progressive disease. Most recently, the advancement of knowledge regarding the molecular aspects of thyroid cancer has improved thyroid cancer diagnosis and has enabled individualized therapeutic options for selected patients with the most aggressive forms of the disease. Guidelines from multiple societies across the world reflect these changes, which focus on taking a more individualized approach to clinical management. In this review we discuss the current more personalized approach to patients with follicular cell-derived thyroid cancer and point toward areas of future research still needed in the field. PMID:34013533 | DOI:10.1002/ijc.33690 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

(131)Iodine-DEM TACE vs. conventional TACE in cirrhotic patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a single center experiment

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader (131)Iodine-DEM TACE vs. conventional TACE in cirrhotic patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a single center experiment Via radioactive iodine J Gastrointest Oncol. 2021 Apr;12(2):762-769. doi: 10.21037/jgo-21-105. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) with 131iodine-doxorubicin-eluting gelatin microspheres (131I-DEM TACE) compared with conventional TACE (cTACE) with polyvinyl alcohol foam (PVA) embolization microspheres. METHODS: A total of 22 patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma were equally divided into 2 group s. The patients who underwent TACE with 131I-DEM (25.7×107 Bq of 131iodine and 10 mg of doxorubicin) were compared to controls who received cTACE with PVA embolization microspheres. Therapeutic effects were evaluated by the tumor regression rates, levels of alpha-fetoprotein in serum, survival rates, and complications. RESULTS: The operative complications of the 2 groups were not significantly different (P=0.753). The radioactivity ratio of the tumor to the liver was approximately 4.1:1 for the 131I-DEM TACE group. In the 131I-DEM TACE group, 54.5% of patients achieved tumor regression of more than 50%, compared to 36.6% of patients in the cTACE group. AFP levels in serum declined in 100% of patients in the 131I-DEM TACE group and 50% of patients in the cTACE group. The median survival time of the patients was 12.0±3.3 months for the 131I-DEM TACE group and 10.0±3.3 months for the cTACE group. There were no s ignificant differences in survival between the 2 groups (P=0.414). CONCLUSIONS: 131I-DEM may become a potential radiochemoembolization agent to treat patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma through TACE. PMID:34012664 | PMC:PMC8107628 | DOI:10.21037/jgo-21-105 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

THE function and morphology study of eustachian tube based on sonotubometry and multi-slice spiral CT in normal subjects

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader THE function and morphology study of eustachian tube based on sonotubometry and multi-slice spiral CT in normal subjects Via Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2021 May 7;56(5):431-435. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20200810-00660. ABSTRACT Objective: In order to assess ET more comprehensively, sonotubometry (STM)combined with CT images were applied to investigate the opening features of eustachian tube (ET) in normal subjects. STM was also used as a monitor training ET opening maneuver and optimizing CT scan parameters. Methods: Following ET opening training monitored by STM, STM data of ET opening duration and maximum sound pressure from 13 healthy volunteers (10 males and 3 females, 22 to 26 years old) were acquired using maneuvers of swallowing and Valsalva in standing and supine positions. Two trials of CT scan, setting A (slice thickness 6.0 mm, manually simulated to 0.6 mm, reconstruction thickness 0.6 mm) for normal and Valsalva scans and setting B(slice thickness 0.4 mm,reconstruction thickness 0.4 mm)for Valsalva scan, were conducted in each subject. The bone area and cartilage area of ET were measured respectively in reconstructed CT images. Statistical software SPSS 19.0 was employed in data analysis. Results: The duration of ET opening and maximum sound pressure by Valsalva were longer and stronger than those by swallowing in both positions. For Valsalva maneuver, standing position resulted in longer ET opening duration compared to supine position (P<0.05). Under setting A, ET cartilage area was measured larger by Valsalva scan than by normal scan (P<0.05). By Valsalva scan, setting A captured larger ET cartilage area compared to setting B (P<0.05). CT setting B resulted in longer scan time in comparison to setting A (P<0.05). Conclusions: Techniques of STM in supine position plus CT scan under setting A can be combined by Valsalva passive ET opening. Not only the invisible ET lumen through routine CT scan can be illustrated, but also relevant ET open-close process is shown, therefore, this study provides the technique for ET research of function and structure. PMID:34010994 | DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20200810-00660 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.