No effect of dual exposure to sulfoxaflor and a trypanosome parasite on bumblebee olfactory learning

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader No effect of dual exposure to sulfoxaflor and a trypanosome parasite on bumblebee olfactory learning via Earth and environmental sciences : nature.com subject feeds View on Web

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The 2015 American Thyroid Association guidelines and trends in hemithyroidectomy utilization for pediatric thyroid cancer

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader The 2015 American Thyroid Association guidelines and trends in hemithyroidectomy utilization for pediatric thyroid cancer via Head & Neck Abstract Background In 2015, the American Thyroid Association (ATA) released its inaugural recommendations for the management of thyroid cancer in children. We aim to evaluate whether there has been a change in hemithyroidectomy utilization for pediatric differentiated thyroid cancer, and the association between those changes and the release of the ATA guidelines. Methods The National Cancer Database was queried and identified 4776 patients ≤18 years old with differentiated thyroid cancer. Causal impact time-series analysis and logistic analysis were utilized to assess factors associated with use of hemithyroidectomy. Results Post-2015 hemithyroidectomy rate was greater than predicted based on preguideline trends (predicted: 8.4%, actual: 12.6%, p = 0.001). In logistic analysis of factors associated with hemithyroidectomy use, we find that Papillary histology, tumor size >1 cm, nodal examination, and positive nodes were associated with lower rate of hemithyroidectomy (OR: 0.23, 0.51, 0.62, and 0.18, respectively). Conclusion There has been a significant increase in hemithyroidectomy utilization for pediatric differentiated thyroid cancer. View on Web

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Infectious complications in acute graft‐versus‐host disease after Liver transplantation

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Infectious complications in acute graft‐versus‐host disease after Liver transplantation via Transplant Infectious Disease Abstract Background : Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) following liver transplantation (LT) is rare but can lead to significant mortality. The leading cause of death following GVHD diagnosis is infectious complications. However, there is a lack of clear descriptions concerning infection and antimicrobial management patterns. Our study aims to provide the focused details of all infectious complications of acute GVHD following LT. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed all adult LT recipients with acute GVHD at Mayo Clinic's Transplant Centers from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2021. Detailed characteristics of infection in each case were described. Results : Among 4,585 LTs performed during this period, 12 (0.3%) patients developed acute GVHD. The median time from transplantation to GVHD diagnosis was 49.0 days [IQR 31.5-99.0]. Ten (83.3%) patients developed severe infections leading to mortality. The most common cause of infection was nosocomial bacteremia from enteric bacteria such as vancomycin-resistant enterococci and gram-negative bacilli. Other infections included breakthrough invasive fungal infections, cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation, and Clostridioides difficile colitis. Antimicrobial prophylaxis strategies in most cases were based on the degree of neutropenia – these include levofloxacin for bacterial prophylaxis, nebulized pentamidine for Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia prophylaxis, posaconazole for invasive fungal prophylaxis, and valganciclovir based on CMV status. All GVHD patients with severe infections succumbed to these complications. Conclusions : Our study reiterates that despite prophylaxis, infectious complications in GVHD following LT are common and lead to exceptionally high mortality. Individualized antimicrobial treatment, prophylaxis and monitoring strategies remain a critical component of GVHD management. Further study to optimize these practices is required. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved View on Web

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Markedly asymmetric facial nerve hypertrophy simulating a schwannoma in a patient with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Markedly asymmetric facial nerve hypertrophy simulating a schwannoma in a patient with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease via ScienceDirect Publication: American Journal of Otolaryngology Publication date: Available online 22 May 2022 Source: American Journal of Otolaryngology Author(s): B. Jake Johnson, Felix E. Diehn, Alex A. Nagelschneider, Kendall K. Tasche, Matthew L. Carlson View on Web

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Susceptibility to HIV-1 Acquisition linked to Malaria Exposure: A Case-control Study

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Susceptibility to HIV-1 Acquisition linked to Malaria Exposure: A Case-control Study via Clinical Infectious Diseases Advance Access Abstract HIV and malaria infection rates overlap across sub-Saharan Africa, but factors influencing their co-occurrence are unclear. In a case-control study, we investigated whether malaria exposure increases risk of HIV-1 acquisition. Prior to seroconverting, HIV-positive cases had significantly higher malaria-associated antibodies compared to HIV-negative controls, linking malaria exposure to HIV-1 acquisition. View on Web

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Ralstonia pickettii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bloodstream Infections Associated with Contaminated Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Water Heater Devices

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Ralstonia pickettii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bloodstream Infections Associated with Contaminated Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Water Heater Devices via Clinical Infectious Diseases Advance Access Abstract We report on probable factory-based contamination of portable water heaters with waterborne pathogens and two bloodstream infections potentially attributable to off-label use of these water heaters to warm extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuits. Great caution is warranted when using water-based devices to care for critically ill patients. View on Web

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Enhanced liver fibrosis score stratifies hepatocellular carcinoma risk in patients with hepatitis B surface antigen seroclearance

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Enhanced liver fibrosis score stratifies hepatocellular carcinoma risk in patients with hepatitis B surface antigen seroclearance via Clinical Infectious Diseases Advance Access Abstract In this prospective study involving 337 chronic hepatitis B patients who achieved spontaneous HBsAg seroclearance (SC), serum Enhanced Liver Fibrosis (ELF) before SC was associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (hazard ratio 2.588), and ELF <10.8 was associated with >97% reduction in risk of HCC development in patients with ageSC≥50 (n = 190). View on Web

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Reduced Odds of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection after Vaccination among New York City Adults, July–November 2021

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Reduced Odds of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection after Vaccination among New York City Adults, July–November 2021 via Clinical Infectious Diseases Advance Access Abstract Background Belief that vaccination is not needed for individuals with prior infection contributes to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Among individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 before vaccines became available, we assessed whether vaccinated individuals had reduced odds of reinfection. Methods We conducted a case-control study among adult New York City residents who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection in 2020, did not test positive again >90 days after initial positive test through July 1, 2021, and did not die before July 1, 2021. Case-patients with reinfection during July–November 2021 and control subjects with no reinfection were matched (1:3) on age, sex, timing of initial positive test in 2020, and neighborhood poverty level. Matched odds ratios (mOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using conditional logistic regression. Results Of 349,827 eligible adults, 2,583 were reinfected during July� �November 2021. Of 2,401 with complete matching criteria data, 1,102 (45.9%) were known to be symptomatic for COVID-19-like-illness, and 96 (4.0%) were hospitalized. Unvaccinated individuals, compared with individuals fully vaccinated within the prior 90 days, had elevated odds of reinfection (mOR, 3.21; 95% CI, 2.70, 3.82), of symptomatic reinfection (mOR, 2.97; 95% CI, 2.31, 3.83), and of reinfection with hospitalization (mOR, 2.09; 95% CI, 0.91, 4.79). All three vaccines authorized or approved for use in the U.S. were similarly effective. Conclusion Vaccination reduced odds of reinfections when the Delta variant predominated. Further studies should assess risk of severe outcomes among reinfected persons as new variants emerge, infection- and vaccine-induced immunity wanes, and booster doses are administered. View on Web

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Supporting the Art: Medication Adherence Patterns in Persons Prescribed Ingestible Sensor-enabled Oral Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis to Prevent HIV Infection

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Supporting the Art: Medication Adherence Patterns in Persons Prescribed Ingestible Sensor-enabled Oral Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis to Prevent HIV Infection via Clinical Infectious Diseases Advance Access Abstract Background Timely, accurate adherence data may support oral PrEP success and inform prophylaxis choice. We evaluated an FDA-approved digital health feedback system (DHFS) with ingestible-sensor-enabled (IS) tenofovir-disoproxil-fumarate plus emtricitabine (Truvada®) in persons starting oral PrEP. Methods HIV-negative adults were prescribed IS-Truvada® with DHFS for 12 weeks to observe medication taking behavior. Baseline demographics, urine toxicology and self-report questionnaires were obtained. Positive detection accuracy and adverse events were computed as percentages, with Kaplan Meier Estimate for persistence-of-use. In participants persisting ≥ 28 days, adherence patterns (taking and timing) were analyzed and mixed-effects logistic regression modelled characteristics associated with treatment adherence. Results Seventy-one participants enrolled, mean age 37.6 years (range 18-69), 90.1% male, 77.5% white, 33.8% Hispanic, 95.8% housed and 74.6% employed. Sixty-three participants (88.7%) persisted ≥28 days, generating 4987 observation days, average 79.2 (29-105). Total confirmed doses were 86.2% (CI95 82.5, 89.4), decreasing over time, OR 0.899 (CI95 0.876, 0.923) per week, p < 0.001; 79.4% (CI95 66.7%, 87.3%) of participants had ≥80% adherence. Pattern analysis showed days without confirmed doses clustered (p = 0.003); regular dose timing was higher among participants with ≥80% confirmed doses (0.828, CI95 0.796 to 0.859) than among those with <80% (0.542, CI95 0.405 to 0.679) p < 0.001. In multi-predictor models, better adherence was associated with older age, OR 1.060 (CI95 1.033, 1.091) per year, p < 0.001; negative vs positive methamphetamine screen, OR 5.051 (CI95 2.252, 11.494), p < 0.001. Conclusions DHFS with IS-Truvada® distinguished adherent persons from those potentially at risk of prophylactic failure. Ongoing methamphetamine substance use may impact oral PrEP success. View on Web

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