Τρίτη 21 Νοεμβρίου 2017
Patient Preferences in Subglottic Stenosis Treatment: A Discrete Choice Experiment
Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ahead of Print.
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Early Placement of Ventilation Tubes in Infants with Cleft Lip and Palate: A Systematic Review
Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ahead of Print.
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Intraoperative Ultrasound in Oral Tongue Cancer Resection: Feasibility Study and Early Outcomes
Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ahead of Print.
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Intranasal Budesonide and Quality of Life in Pediatric Sleep-Disordered Breathing: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ahead of Print.
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Development of an Attachable Endoscopic Nerve Stimulator for Intraoperative Neuromonitoring during Endoscopic or Robotic Thyroidectomy
Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ahead of Print.
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Voice and Swallowing Dysfunction in Neurofibromatosis 2
Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ahead of Print.
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Incidental Findings on FDG PET/CT in Head and Neck Cancer
Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ahead of Print.
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Structural Fat Grafting to Improve Outcomes of Vocal Folds’ Fat Augmentation: Long-term Results
Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ahead of Print.
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Staging Neck Dissection and Transoral Robotic Surgery Treatment Algorithm in Palatine Tonsil Cancer
Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ahead of Print.
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Electrocardiogram Screening in Children with Congenital Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Prevalence and Follow-up of Abnormalities
Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ahead of Print.
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Increased white matter metabolic rates in autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia
Abstract
Both autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia are often characterized as disorders of white matter integrity. Multimodal investigations have reported elevated metabolic rates, cerebral perfusion and basal activity in various white matter regions in schizophrenia, but none of these functions has previously been studied in ASD. We used 18fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography to compare white matter metabolic rates in subjects with ASD (n = 25) to those with schizophrenia (n = 41) and healthy controls (n = 55) across a wide range of stereotaxically placed regions-of-interest. Both subjects with ASD and schizophrenia showed increased metabolic rates across the white matter regions assessed, including internal capsule, corpus callosum, and white matter in the frontal and temporal lobes. These increases were more pronounced, more widespread and more asymmetrical in subjects with ASD than in those with schizophrenia. The highest metabolic increases in both disorders were seen in the prefrontal white matter and anterior limb of the internal capsule. Compared to normal controls, differences in gray matter metabolism were less prominent and differences in adjacent white matter metabolism were more prominent in subjects with ASD than in those with schizophrenia. Autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia are associated with heightened metabolic activity throughout the white matter. Unlike in the gray matter, the vector of white matter metabolic abnormalities appears to be similar in ASD and schizophrenia, may reflect inefficient functional connectivity with compensatory hypermetabolism, and may be a common feature of neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Laser therapy for oral lichen planus
This review comparing low level laser therapy (LLLT) with steroids for the treatment of oral lichen planus only identified 5 studies none of which were at low risk of bias. Further high quality trials are needed to assess the efficacy of LLLT.
The post Laser therapy for oral lichen planus appeared first on National Elf Service.
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Sino-Nasal outcome test-22 outcomes after sinus surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Objectives/Hypothesis
The goal of the study was to perform a systematic review with meta-analysis to determine the mean change in the 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) across patients who have had endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in the literature.
Methods
A literature search was performed to identify studies that assessed SNOT-22 scores before and after ESS in adult patients with CRS. A random effects model with inverse variance weighting was used to generate the mean change after surgery, along with the forest plot and 95% confidence interval (CI). The impact of patient-specific factors across studies was assessed using a mixed-effects meta-regression.
Results
The final study list included 40 unique patient cohorts published from 2008 to 2016. All studies showed a statistically significant change in mean SNOT-22 scores between baseline and postoperative time points (P < .001), ranging from 12.7 to 44.8, at an average follow-up of 10.6 months. The summary change in mean SNOT-22 across all studies was 24.4 (95% CI: 22.0-26.8). After forward, step-wise multivariate modeling, studies with higher mean preoperative SNOT-22 score and higher asthma prevalence were associated with greater changes in SNOT-22 score after ESS, whereas studies with longer mean follow-up had smaller changes in SNOT-22 score.
Conclusions
Studies evaluating quality-of-life outcomes after sinus surgery using the SNOT-22 instrument universally show significant improvement after ESS. Across the published literature, the magnitude of change is quite variable and appears to be influenced by a number of factors including baseline SNOT-22 score, asthma prevalence, and length of follow-up. Laryngoscope, 2017
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Determining Candidate Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Acquired Laryngotracheal Stenosis
Objectives/Hypothesis
Despite wide adoption of strategies to prevent injury from prolonged intubation and tracheotomy, acquired laryngotracheal stenosis (ALTS) has not disappeared. ALTS' persistence may be due to patient factors that confer unique susceptibility for some. We sought to identify genetic markers in genes associated with wound healing that could be associated with ALTS.
Study Design
Case-control study.
Methods
One hundred thirty-eight patients were recruited, 53 patients with ALTS and 85 control patients who underwent intubation or tracheotomy without evidence of ALTS. The patients' DNA was isolated from whole blood. Custom primers were designed, and the TaqMan assay employing allele-specific polymerase chain reaction was used to interrogate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs1799750, rs522616, rs2276109, rs2569190, rs1800469, and rs1024611 of candidate wound healing genes MMP1, MMP3, MMP12, CD14, TGFβ1, and MCP1, respectively. A logistic regression model was used to examine the association of candidate gene polymorphisms with the presence or absence of ALTS.
Results
All 138 patients were successfully genotyped. No significant association was found between candidate SNPs and development of ALTS in the overall group. However, subgroup analysis within each ethnicity identified SNPs that are associated with ALTS depending upon the ethnic background.
Conclusions
Patient factors such as variations in wound healing due to functional SNPs may shed light on the development of ALTS. There may be a difference in susceptibility to developing ALTS in different ethnic backgrounds. These preliminary findings need to be corroborated in larger population studies.
Level of Evidence
3b Laryngoscope, 2017
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The relationship between soluble CD40 ligand level and atherosclerosis in white-coat hypertension
The relationship between soluble CD40 ligand level and atherosclerosis in white-coat hypertension
The relationship between soluble CD40 ligand level and atherosclerosis in white-coat hypertension, Published online: 21 November 2017; doi:10.1038/s41371-017-0016-z
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A Technique to Correct Anterior-Posterior Tooth Discrepancy for a Maxillary Immediate Complete Denture
Abstract
This article describes a chairside technique to correct inappropriate occlusal vertical dimension as well as the inaccurate anterior-posterior tooth set-up of a maxillary immediate complete denture. When fabricating an immediate denture, the inability of a wax-denture trial and the potential for unpredictable complications during surgery, compromised esthetics and function of an immediate complete denture may pose a clinical problem, which needs instant correction. The technique described can provide an alternative method to correct and deliver a definitive immediate complete denture on the day of surgery.
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Press release distribution, EDGAR filing, XBRL, regulatory filings
The proposed route crosses Lakota homelands. )--NICE today announced a new enhancement in its Robotic Process Automation platform with the incorporation of the most advanced Optical Character R... )--Romano's Macaroni Grill, a national restaurant chain that creates authentic and innovative Italian dishes, is thrilled to bring back its generous and popular Honor Wine pro... )--Love Your Melon, an apparel brand dedicated to making a meaningful impact in the lives of children battling cancer, is preparing to make the biggest impact to date by ... )--Signet Jewelers Limited , the world's largest retailer of diamond jewelry, today announced its results for the 13 weeks ended October 28, 20... Drayton Mills, a Sherbert Group Development in Spartanburg, S.C. Used as Model for Success in Congressional Tax Credits Debate )--Press Release for Sen. Scott and Secretary Carson visiting Drayton Mills ... (more)
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Influence of genetic variants of IDH1, IDH2, TET2 and DNMT3A on cytarabine cytotoxicity in different populations
Summary
What is known and objective
Cytarabine (ara-C) is the mainstay of treatment for acute myeloid leukaemia. Resistance and toxicity are common reasons for its treatment failure. Genetic variants of susceptibility genes may be involved in resistance and toxicity to ara-C. This study is aimed to explore the association between influence of genetic variants of IDH1, IDH2, TET2 and DNMT3A on cytarabine cytotoxicity in European and/or African populations.
Methods
HapMap cell lines derived from European descent (CEU) and African descent (YRI) were exposed to ara-C at different concentrations (1, 5, 40 and 80 μmol/L). The per cent survival values at each concentration were determined after 72-hour exposure to ara-C. The area under the survival curve (AUC) was calculated using the trapezoidal rule, and AUC values were log2-transformed before statistical analysis. The 15 tagged single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) (rs2970357 and rs2970359 of IDH2, rs2242234 and rs1044147 of TET2, rs12999687 and rs6739187 of DNMT3A from CEU subjects, rs8040937 and rs1506941 of IDH2, rs6819857, rs7661962, rs7377314, rs6811804, rs4690309, rs4076064, rs6823876 of TET2 from YRI subjects) were selected utilizing Haploview. Minor allele frequency was more than 5% of them. Minimum pairwise r2 was at least .80, and the correlation between genetic polymorphisms within IDH1, IDH2, TET2 and DNMT3A and AUC of ara-C was assessed.
Results and discussion
The genotypes of 2 SNPs in IDH2 including synonymous SNP located at 3′ UTR and 2 intrinsic SNPs in DNMT3A were significantly associated with ara-C sensitivity depicted by lower AUC in European ancestry; however, no one in DNMT3A was significant in African ancestry. Most interestingly, there was no one genotype of SNPs of IDH1 associated with sensitivity and resistance of ara-C from both CEU and YRI populations. Furthermore, 2 SNPs in IDH2 and 9 SNPs (3 in the 5′UTR, 3 in the 3′UTR, 3 in the intrinsic) of TET2 were mainly associated with ara-C resistance depicted by higher AUC in CEU and YRI populations, but, there were no genotypes of SNPs of TET2 and DNMT3A associated with ara-C sensitivity in both populations.
What is new and conclusion
These results suggest gene variations of IDH2, TET2 and DNMT3A are associated with ara-C sensitivity or resistance in European and/or African populations. Discrepancy of ara-C treatment in different populations is partly caused by distribution difference of allele frequency of IDH2, TET2 and DNMT3A in different populations. This finding may contribute to the personalization of ara-C if validated by larger studies.
CT/TT genotypes TET2 rs76619627 in African descent cell lines was associated higher area under the survival curve of Cytarabine compared with CC genotypes, indicating genetic variants of TET2 maybe involved in resistance of Cytarabine.
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Recent Developments in Mendelian Randomization Studies
Abstract
Purpose of Review
Mendelian randomization (MR) is a strategy for evaluating causality in observational epidemiological studies. MR exploits the fact that genotypes are not generally susceptible to reverse causation and confounding, due to their fixed nature and Mendel's First and Second Laws of Inheritance. MR has the potential to provide information on causality in many situations where randomized controlled trials are not possible, but the results of MR studies must be interpreted carefully to avoid drawing erroneous conclusions.
Recent Findings
In this review, we outline the principles behind MR, as well as assumptions and limitations of the method. Extensions to the basic approach are discussed, including two-sample MR, bidirectional MR, two-step MR, multivariable MR, and factorial MR. We also consider some new applications and recent developments in the methodology, including its ability to inform drug development, automation of the method using tools such as MR-Base, and phenome-wide and hypothesis-free MR.
Summary
In conjunction with the growing availability of large-scale genomic databases, higher level of automation and increased robustness of the methods, MR promises to be a valuable strategy to examine causality in complex biological/omics networks, inform drug development and prioritize intervention targets for disease prevention in the future.
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The short-term effect of high versus moderate protein intake on recovery after strength training in resistance-trained individuals
Dietary protein intakes up to 2.9 g.kg−1.d−1 and protein consumption before and after resistance training may enhance recovery, resulting in hypertrophy and strength gains. However, it remains unclear whether pro...
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Native whey protein with high levels of leucine results in similar post-exercise muscular anabolic responses as regular whey protein: a randomized controlled trial
Protein intake is essential to maximally stimulate muscle protein synthesis, and the amino acid leucine seems to possess a superior effect on muscle protein synthesis compared to other amino acids. Native whey...
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Should short-term use of alcohol containing mouthrinse be avoided for fear of worsening xerostomia?
Abstract
Objective
To assess the short-term effect of alcohol-containing mouthrinse versus mouthrinse without alcohol on xerostomia scores reported by xerostomia inventory (XI) scores and short version of the xerostomia inventory (SXI).
Materials and Methods
This study was a two-group parallel arm randomized controlled trial where participants were randomly allocated to twice a day for seven days use of either alcohol-containing or alcohol-free mouthrinse. Allocation was concealed. The participants, the outcome assessors and the statistician were blinded to the allocation status.
Results
163 participants completed the pre-and post-intervention data collection. There were no statistically significant differences between the study groups with respect to demographics or other measured independent variables. After adjusting for age and gender, regression coefficient (95%CI) for XI was 0.02(-1.72 to 2.29) and that for SXI was 0.03(-0.54 to 0.83). Both adjusted and unadjusted models showed no significant differences for change in XI or SXI. The mean difference in scores between the groups for XI was -0.45(-2.45 to 1.55) and for SXI was 0.05(-0.65 to 0.75).
Conclusion
There was no significant difference in the change in xerostomia levels as a result of short-term exposure to alcohol containing mouthrinse, when compared to those exposed to alcohol-free mouthrinse.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Jaw Closing Movement and Sex Differences in Temporomandibular Joint Energy Densities
Abstract
Energy densities (ED, mJ/mm3) quantify mechanical work imposed on articular cartilages during function. This cross-sectional study examined differences in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ED during asymmetric versus symmetric jaw closing in healthy females versus males. ED component variables were tested for differences between and within sexes for two types of jaw closing. Seventeen female and 17 male subjects gave informed consent to participate. Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders and images (magnetic resonance (MR), computed tomography) were used to confirm healthy TMJ status. Numerical modeling predicted TMJ loads (Fnormal) consequent to unilateral canine biting. Dynamic stereometry combined MR imaging and jaw tracking data to measure ED component variables during 10 trials of each type of jaw closing in each subject's TMJs. These data were then used to calculate TMJ ED during jaw closing asymmetrically and symmetrically. Paired and Student's t-tests assessed ED between jaw closing movements and sexes, respectively. Multivariate data analyses assessed ED component variable differences between jaw closing movements and sexes (α=0.05). Contralateral TMJ ED were 3.6-fold and significantly larger (P<0.0001) during asymmetric versus symmetric jaw closing, due to significantly larger (P≤0.001) distances of TMJ stress-field translation in asymmetric versus symmetric movement. During asymmetric jaw closing, contralateral TMJ ED were two-fold and significantly larger (P=0.036) in females versus males, due to 1.5-fold and significantly smaller (P≤0.010) TMJ disc cartilage volumes under stress-fields in females versus males. These results suggest that in healthy individuals asymmetric compared to symmetric jaw closure in females compared to males have higher TMJ mechanical fatigue liabilities.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Ebensburg rescinds vote to remove fluoride
"He said, 'If they ever decide to take the fluoride out of the water, please do all you can to stop them,'" On Monday, however, the removal was considered by Ebensburg Municipal Authority board members for a second time. The first time, they voted in favor of removal.
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Effect of exclusive breastfeeding on selected adverse health and nutritional outcomes: a nationally representative study
Despite growing evidence in support of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) among infants in the first 6 months of birth, the debate over the optimal duration of EBF continues. This study examines the effect of termi...
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Please sir, I want some more: an exploration of repeat foodbank use
The sharp rise in foodbank use in Britain over the past five years suggests a proliferation of food insecurity that could herald a public health crisis. However, trends in foodbank use rely on imperfect figure...
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Translating a child care based intervention for online delivery: development and randomized pilot study of Go NAPSACC
As part of childhood obesity prevention initiatives, Early Care and Education (ECE) programs are being asked to implement evidence-based strategies that promote healthier eating and physical activity habits in...
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Exploring consensus on how to measure smoking cessation. A Delphi study
Different criteria regarding outcome measures in smoking research are used, which can lead to confusion about study results. Consensus in outcome criteria may enhance the comparability of future studies. This ...
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Rural households at risk of malaria did not own sufficient insecticide treated nets at Dabat HDSS site: evidence from a cross sectional re-census
Malaria is the leading cause of disease burden across the world, especially in African countries. Ethiopia has designed a five year (2011–2015) plan to cover 100% of the households in malarious areas with one ...
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Response Regarding Surgical Techniques for Retrograde Parotidectomy
We thank Dr. Tim-Lin Chow and his team for their response to our article and for their contributions to the field.
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Reconstruction of intraoral defects after resection of cancer with two types of submental artery perforator flaps
The submental island flap is a common choice for reconstruction of intraoral defects. To obtain a thinner, more pliable flap and get a better oncological result, the submental artery perforator flap has been proposed, and to assess its feasibility for closure of defects after resection of cancers of the oral cavity we studied 20 patients, each of whom was treated in this way. All the flaps were classified into those with septocutaneous perforators (n=16) and those with musculocutaneous perforators (n=4), and the main veins that drained the flaps were two submental veins (n=17).
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Clinical outcomes of dental implants after use of tenting for bony augmentation: a systematic review
The reconstruction of severely atrophic ridges is often challenging and complicated. We searched the Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases for articles up to October 2015 that reported the success of all types of tenting for bony regeneration. We extracted data on the size and site of the defect, the number of patients, vertical and horizontal augmentation, survival of dental implants, and complications. Thirteen studies were included, which yielded data on 423 patients with 1111 dental implants.
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Corrigendum to “Craniofacial implants at a single centre 2005–2015: retrospective review of 451 implants” [Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017;55:242-5]
The authors regret an incorrect Fig. 1 published in the above mentioned paper. Please find correct figure below:
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Is a fractured mandible an emergency?
We retrospectively audited the records of 708 patients who presented with the diagnosis of fractured mandible between January 2009 and July 2013 at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham. We assessed the different factors that may have altered their outcomes, and found that delay before definitive fixation caused no harm in either the short or the long term.
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The combined activation of KCa3.1 and inhibition of Kv11.1/hERG1 currents contribute to overcome Cisplatin resistance in colorectal cancer cells
The combined activation of KCa3.1 and inhibition of Kv11.1/hERG1 currents contribute to overcome Cisplatin resistance in colorectal cancer cells
The combined activation of K<sub>Ca</sub>3.1 and inhibition of K<sub>v</sub>11.1/hERG1 currents contribute to overcome Cisplatin resistance in colorectal cancer cells, Published online: 21 November 2017; doi:10.1038/bjc.2017.392
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The impact of folate intake on the risk of head and neck cancer in the prostate, lung, colorectal, and ovarian cancer screening trial (PLCO) cohort
The impact of folate intake on the risk of head and neck cancer in the prostate, lung, colorectal, and ovarian cancer screening trial (PLCO) cohort
The impact of folate intake on the risk of head and neck cancer in the prostate, lung, colorectal, and ovarian cancer screening trial (PLCO) cohort, Published online: 21 November 2017; doi:10.1038/bjc.2017.383
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Rapid nodal staging of head and neck cancer surgical specimens with flow cytometric analysis
Rapid nodal staging of head and neck cancer surgical specimens with flow cytometric analysis
Rapid nodal staging of head and neck cancer surgical specimens with flow cytometric analysis, Published online: 21 November 2017; doi:10.1038/bjc.2017.408
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Cadherin-1 and cadherin-3 cooperation determines the aggressiveness of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Cadherin-1 and cadherin-3 cooperation determines the aggressiveness of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Cadherin-1 and cadherin-3 cooperation determines the aggressiveness of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, Published online: 21 November 2017; doi:10.1038/bjc.2017.411
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Determination of an optimal response cut-off able to predict progression-free survival in patients with well-differentiated advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours treated with sunitinib: an alternative to the current RECIST-defined response
Determination of an optimal response cut-off able to predict progression-free survival in patients with well-differentiated advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours treated with sunitinib: an alternative to the current RECIST-defined response
Determination of an optimal response cut-off able to predict progression-free survival in patients with well-differentiated advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours treated with sunitinib: an alternative to the current RECIST-defined response, Published online: 21 November 2017; doi:10.1038/bjc.2017.402
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The serum leptin level in non-obese patients with obstructive sleep apnea
This study aimed to determine the association between the severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and the serum leptin level in non-obese OSA patients.
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Multiple overlapping systematic reviews facilitate the origin of disputes: the case of thrombolytic therapy for pulmonary embolism
To explore disagreements in multiple systematic reviews (SRs) assessing the benefit-to-harm ratio of thrombolytic therapy in patients with intermediate-risk pulmonary embolism (PE).
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Sialic Acid-Binding Immunoglobulin-Like Lectin1 as a Novel Predictive Biomarker for Relapse in Graves' Disease: A Multicenter Study
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Low-grade systemic inflammation: a partial mediator of the relationship between diabetes and lung function
An association between diabetes mellitus and decreased lung function has been consistently found, but pathophysiological mechanisms explaining this association remain unclear. Among other hypothesis, low-grade inflammation may be involved. We estimated that high sensitivity-C-reactive protein could explain a small part this this association (13% [3.7; 39.4] of the association mediated by high sensitivity-C-reactive protein).
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Effect of aging and curing mode on the compressive and indirect tensile strength of resin composite cements
Resin composite cements are used in dentistry to bond ceramic restorations to the tooth structure. In the oral cavity these cements are subjected to aging induced by masticatory and thermal stresses. Thermal c...
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Clusters of Human Infection and Human-to-Human Transmission of Avian Influenza A(H7N9) Virus, 2013–2017
L. Zhou et al.
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Free dental clinic for refugees opens to honor boy who died of brain cancer
As twin brothers Jiyi Van Arumugarasa and Jiyi Thuran Arumugarasa showed their new friends how playing soccer is done, you'd never know an ocean once separated these friends. The twins and their family fled to Thailand after violence overtook their homeland of Sri Lanka.
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The effect of magnesium hydroxide-containing dentifrice using an extrinsic and intrinsic erosion cycling model
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 86
Author(s): Vanara Florêncio Passos, Lidiany Karla Azevedo Rodrigues, Sérgio Lima Santiago
ObjectiveTo evaluate, in vitro, the effect of Mg(OH)2 dentifrice, and the influence of the number of experimental days, on the extrinsic (citric acid –CA) and intrinsic (hydrochloric acid –HCl) enamel erosion models.DesignHuman enamel slabs were selected according to surface hardness and randomly assigned to 3 groups (n=9) as follows: non-fluoridated (negative control), NaF (1450ppm F- positive control) and Mg(OH)2 (2%) dentifrices. The slabs were daily submitted to a 2-h period of pellicle formation and, over a period of 5days, submitted to cycles (3×/day) of erosive challenge (CA 0.05M, pH=3.75 or HCl 0.01M, pH=2 for 30s), treatment (1min −1:3w/w of dentifrice/distilled water) and remineralization (artificial saliva/120min). Enamel changes were determined by surface hardness loss (SHL) for each day and mechanical profilometry analysis. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test to % SHL and one-way ANOVA to profilometry (p<0.05).ResultsThe number of experimental days influenced the erosion process for the two types of erosion models (p<0.001). Mg(OH)2-containing dentifrices were effective in reducing enamel extrinsic acid erosion as determined by % SHL (p<0.001) when compared to the control group, being better than positive control (p<0.001); however, the dentifrices were not effective for the intrinsic model (p=0.295). With regards to surface wear, no statistically significant differences were found among the groups for CA (p=0.225) and HCl (p=0.526).ConclusionThe findings suggest that Mg(OH)2 dentifrices might protect enamel against slight erosion, but protection was not effective for stronger acid erosion.
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The human right to communicate and our need to listen: Learning from people with a history of childhood communication disorder
.
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Smoking cessation leads to changes in survivin expression in oral mucosa
Abstract
Background
Survivin is an inhibitor protein of apoptosis and play a role in oral carcinogenesis mechanism.
Methods
This aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of smoking in survivin expression of oral mucosa of chronic smokers with and without oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The study was composed of three groups: Group 1 - 26 patients smoking more than 20 cigarettes/day/10 years without either history of oral malignant neoplasia or visible clinical signs in the examined site; Group 2 - 26 patients with OSCC; Group 3 - 22 patients surgically treated for OSCC for at least 1 month. The immunohistochemistry was performed with 1 smear for each group and analyzed by microscopy regarding extension, intensity of positive cells for survivin, and intracellular location.
Results
The survivin expression was observed in 100% of the cases in Group 1, 88.5% in Group 2, and 100% in Group 3. Concerning to Groups 1 and 3, the survivin expression with cytoplasmic location occurred in 100%, while in Group 2 occurred in 87.5%. The cytoplasmic and nuclear expression was observed only in Group 2, with 7.69%. The results was correlated with clinical-pathological data by Fischer's exact test with significant relation between smoking cessation and intensity (p = 0.015) for Group 2.
Conclusions
The extension and intensity of survivin expression in the cytological smears were related to the smoking cessation in the group with OSCC. However, the smoking history (packs/years) did not influence the survivin expression.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Epithelial disruptions, but not immune cell invasion, induced secretory dysfunction following innate immune activation in a novel model of acute salivary gland injury
Abstract
Background
Salivary gland (SG) injurious agents are all translated into loss of salivation (xerostomia). An association has been established between activation of innate immunity and salivary gland injury and dysfunction. However, it remains unclear how the secretory epithelia respond by halting saliva production.
Methods
C57BL/6 submandibular glands (SMGs) were acutely challenged using a single dose of the innate immune stimulant: polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly (I:C)). Secretory capacity of the infected SMGs was substantiated by assessing the flow rate in response to pilocarpine stimulation. Depletion of the acute inflammatory cells was achieved by pre-treating mice with RB6-8C5 depletion antibody. Flow cytometry, histology and immunohistochemistry were conducted to verify the immune cell depletion. Epithelial expression of saliva-driving molecules: muscarinic 3 receptor (M3R), aquaporin 5 water channel (AQP5), Na-K- CL-Cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) and transmembrane member 16A (TMEM16A), were characterized using RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry. Tight junction (TJ) protein; zonula occludens (ZO-1) and basement membrane (BM) protein; laminin were assessed by immunohistochemistry.
Results
Innate immune challenge prompted dysfunction in the exocrine salivary glands (SGs). Dysregulated gene and protein expression of molecules that drive saliva secretion was substantiated. Aberrant expression of TJ and BM proteins followed innate immune activation. Hyposalivation in the current model was independent of myeloperoxidase (MPO)-positive, acute inflammatory cells.
Conclusions
In the present study, we developed a novel injury model of the SGs, featuring acute secretory dysfunction and immediate structural disruptions. Our results ruled out the injurious role of aggressively infiltrating inflammatory cells.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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CRISPR/Cas9 library screening for drug target discovery
CRISPR/Cas9 library screening for drug target discovery
CRISPR/Cas9 library screening for drug target discovery, Published online: 20 November 2017; doi:10.1038/s10038-017-0376-9
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Protocol for Management and handling of Dental Hospital Waste – Color coding for waste disposal
Dental Clinic is similar to any Hospital or sometimes more than a Hospital in terms of Waste production which are the result of health care activities during Dental Procedures. Hospital Waste includes approximately 75-90% of Non-Hazardous or General waste which do not lead to any spread of infection to others and the remaining 15-25% are [...]
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Role of CYP24A1, VDR and GC gene polymorphisms on deferasirox pharmacokinetics and clinical outcomes
Role of CYP24A1, VDR and GC gene polymorphisms on deferasirox pharmacokinetics and clinical outcomes
Role of <i>CYP24A1</i>, <i>VDR</i> and <i>GC</i> gene polymorphisms on deferasirox pharmacokinetics and clinical outcomes, Published online: 21 November 2017; doi:10.1038/tpj.2017.43
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New insights into the pharmacogenomics of antidepressant response from the GENDEP and STAR*D studies: rare variant analysis and high-density imputation
New insights into the pharmacogenomics of antidepressant response from the GENDEP and STAR*D studies: rare variant analysis and high-density imputation
New insights into the pharmacogenomics of antidepressant response from the GENDEP and STAR*D studies: rare variant analysis and high-density imputation, Published online: 21 November 2017; doi:10.1038/tpj.2017.44
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The PNPLA3 I148M variant is associated with transaminase elevations in type 2 diabetes patients treated with basal insulin peglispro
The PNPLA3 I148M variant is associated with transaminase elevations in type 2 diabetes patients treated with basal insulin peglispro
The PNPLA3 I148M variant is associated with transaminase elevations in type 2 diabetes patients treated with basal insulin peglispro, Published online: 21 November 2017; doi:10.1038/tpj.2017.45
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Genetic predisposition to obesity, restrained eating and changes in body weight—a population-based prospective study
Genetic predisposition to obesity, restrained eating and changes in body weight—a population-based prospective study
Genetic predisposition to obesity, restrained eating and changes in body weight—a population-based prospective study, Published online: 21 November 2017; doi:10.1038/ijo.2017.278
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Dysregulation of mitochondrial function and biogenesis modulators in adipose tissue of obese children
Dysregulation of mitochondrial function and biogenesis modulators in adipose tissue of obese children
Dysregulation of mitochondrial function and biogenesis modulators in adipose tissue of obese children, Published online: 21 November 2017; doi:10.1038/ijo.2017.274
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A Case Report of Syndromic Multinodular Goitre in Adolescence: Exploring the Phenotype Overlap between Cowden and DICER1 Syndromes
Background: Hereditary tumour predisposition syndromes may increase the risk for development of thyroid nodules at a young age. We present the case of an adolescent female with Cowden syndrome who had some atypical phenotypic features which overlapped with the DICER1 syndrome. Material and Methods: A 17-year-old female presented with a 3-month history of progressive right neck swelling. Fine needle cytology of the thyroid revealed a follicular neoplasm with features suggestive of follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma and she underwent a hemithyroidectomy. Enlarging nodules in the remaining thyroid led to a completion thyroidectomy at 19 years of age. The patient's past medical history included an ovarian mixed malignant germ cell tumour, pulmonary nodules and cysts, renal cysts, mucocutaneous lesions, an arachnoid cyst, and a fibrous breast lesion. Macrocephaly was noted on physical examination. Results: Based on the patient's complex phenotype and young age, a hereditary predisposition syndrome was suspected and genetic testing of PTEN and DICER1 was undertaken. A heterozygous truncating germ-line PTEN mutation was identified, which combined with clinical findings, met criteria for the diagnosis of Cowden syndrome. Additional loss of heterozygosity of the wild-type PTEN allele was detected in the right thyroid lesion and ovarian tumour. No DICER1 mutations were identified. Conclusions: Genetic testing was crucial in elucidating this patient's predisposition to the early development of neoplastic and non-neoplastic conditions. Our report also highlights the phenotypic overlap between the Cowden and DICER1 syndromes and illustrates the importance of recognising the variable phenotypic features of hereditary syndromes in order to enable timely implementation of appropriate care.
Eur Thyroid J
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Eur Thyroid J
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Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules: A Pragmatic Approach
Background: Fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology fails to provide a conclusive diagnosis in a subset of thyroid lesions labeled as "indeterminate" (Thy3). In this study, we aimed at ascertaining the prevalence of Thy3 thyroid nodules in a hitherto unreported ethnic group (residents of the United Arab Emirates). Methods: We retrospectively examined 688 FNA of the thyroid performed on 584 patients. Samples were reported using the Royal College of Physicians' (RCP) Thy classification. The results of the FNA were correlated with the final surgical specimens. Ultrasonography (US) risk stratification was calculated using a web-based US risk of malignancy calculator. Results: Overall sample adequacy was 97%. The indeterminate group Thy3 was found in 7% of the samples. The overall risk of malignancy in the Thy3 category was 20%. This risk was very similar in the 2 subgroups of Thy3 (17% in Thy 3a and 22% in Thy3f). Subdividing the Thy3 group into subgroups becomes less necessary if the US scoring is #x3c;24.5% since the negative predictive value, in this case, is 100%. Applying this criterion to our population would have had the potential of reducing the percentage of patients referred to surgery from 61 to 43%. Conclusions: Proper risk stratification of Thy3 lesions should be based on the combined risk assessment of clinical, cytological, radiological, and molecular data. Such a pragmatic approach is expected to reduce the percentage of inappropriate referrals to surgery.
Eur Thyroid J
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Eur Thyroid J
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Dentist celebrates 10th anniversary of practice in downtown Colorado Springs
Dr. Julia Rohleder and her practice, The Downtown Dentist, are celebrating 10 years in business. Photographed on Wednesday, November 15, 2017.
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In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Phlorotannins from Edible Brown Algae, Eisenia bicyclis Against Streptomycin-Resistant Listeria monocytogenes
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (LM) is an important food borne pathogen responsible for listeriosis. Further, LM is an etiological agent associated with life threatening conditions like meningitis and encephalitis. Biofilm forming and drug resistant LM may potentially become difficult to treat infections and hence effective controlling measures are required to prevent LM infections. In view of this, the present study evaluated an anti-listerial potential of edible brown seaweed, Eisenia bicyclis, by disc diffusion and micro-dilution methods. The results of the present study suggested that the anti-listerial activity of various phlorotannins isolated form E. bicyclis were in the range of 16–256 µg/ml. Among the phlorotannins isolated, fucofuroeckol-A (FAA) exhibited the highest anti-listerial potential (MIC range 16–32 µg/ml) against LM strains tested. Further, in checker board synergy assays, FFA-streptomycin combination exhibited significant synergy (fractional inhibitory concentration index, ∑FIC < 0.5) against aminoglycoside resistant clinical strains of LM. The results of the present study suggested the potential use of edible seaweed E. bicyclis as a source of natural phlorotannins to control food borne pathogenic infections.
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Three-Dimensional Accuracy of Digital Static Interocclusal Registration by Three Intraoral Scanner Systems
Abstract
Purpose
Prior studies have defined the accuracy of intraoral scanner (IOS) systems but the accuracy of the digital static interocclusal registration function of these systems has not been reported. This study compared the three-dimensional (3D) accuracy of the digital static interocclusal registration of 3 IOS systems using the buccal bite scan function.
Materials and Methods
Three IOS systems compared were 3MTM True Definition Scanner (TDS), TRIOS Color (TRC), and CEREC AC with CEREC Omnicam (CER). Using each scanner, 7 scans (n = 7) of the mounted and articulated SLA master models were obtained. The measurement targets (SiN reference spheres and implant abutment analogs) were in the opposing models at the right (R), central (C), and left (L) regions; abutments #26 and #36, respectively. A coordinate measuring machine with metrology software compared the physical and virtual targets to derive the global 3D linear distortion between the centroids of the respective target reference spheres and abutment analogs (dRR, dRC, dRL, and dRM) and 2D distances between the pierce points of the abutment analogs (dXM, dYM, dZM), with 3 measurement repetitions for each scan.
Results
Mean 3D distortion ranged from –471.9 to 31.7 μm for dRR, –579.0 to –87.0 μm for dRC, –381.5 to 69.4 μm for dRL, and –184.9 to –23.1 μm for dRM. Mean 2D distortion ranged from –225.9 to 0.8 μm for dXM, –130.6 to -126.1 μm for dYM, and –34.3 to 26.3 μm for dZM. Significant differences were found for interarch distortions across the three systems. For dRR and dRL, all three test groups were significantly different, whereas for dRC, the TDS was significantly different from the TRC and CER. For 2D distortion, significant differences were found for dXM only.
Conclusions
Interarch and global interocclusal distortions for the three IOS systems were significantly different. TRC performed overall the best and TDS was the worst. The interarch (dRR, dRC, dRL) and interocclusal (dXM) distortions observed will affect the magnitude of occlusal contacts of restorations clinically. The final restoration may be either hyperoccluded or infraoccluded, requiring compensations during the CAD design stage or clinical adjustments at issue.
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Voice and Swallowing Dysfunction in Neurofibromatosis 2
Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ahead of Print.
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Incidental Findings on FDG PET/CT in Head and Neck Cancer
Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ahead of Print.
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Structural Fat Grafting to Improve Outcomes of Vocal Folds’ Fat Augmentation: Long-term Results
Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ahead of Print.
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Staging Neck Dissection and Transoral Robotic Surgery Treatment Algorithm in Palatine Tonsil Cancer
Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ahead of Print.
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Electrocardiogram Screening in Children with Congenital Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Prevalence and Follow-up of Abnormalities
Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ahead of Print.
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Prestin as an Otologic Biomarker of Cisplatin Ototoxicity in a Guinea Pig Model
Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ahead of Print.
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Ideal Particle Sizes for Inhaled Steroids Targeting Vocal Granulomas: Preliminary Study Using Computational Fluid Dynamics
Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ahead of Print.
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Prestin as an Otologic Biomarker of Cisplatin Ototoxicity in a Guinea Pig Model
Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ahead of Print.
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Ideal Particle Sizes for Inhaled Steroids Targeting Vocal Granulomas: Preliminary Study Using Computational Fluid Dynamics
Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ahead of Print.
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Subject Index
AAE Position Statement: AAE Guidance on the Use of Systemic Antibiotics in Endodontics, 1409
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Author Index
Abedi, F., 1786
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The effectiveness of a classroom-based phonological awareness program for 4–5-year-olds
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Convergent Dental Ranked Number 77th Fastest Growing Company in North America on Deloitte’s 2017 Technology Fast 500™
Attributes 2002% Percent Revenue Growth to product performance and a strong commitment to customer success
Convergent Dental today announced it ranked 77th on Deloitte's Technology Fast 500™, a ranking of the 500 fastest growing technology, media, telecommunications, life sciences and energy tech companies in North America. Convergent Dental grew 2002% percent during this period.
Convergent Dental's chief executive officer, Michael Cataldo, credits product performance and a strong commitment to customer success with the company's 2002% revenue growth. He said, "We're thrilled to be ranked as one of the top 100 growing technology companies in North America and ranked 2nd in the medical device category. There is no doubt that the Solea laser is revolutionizing dentistry by taking the shot, the drill and the scalpel out of the patient experience. The real engine behind our growth is our commitment to customer success with Solea. Today's customer satisfaction is the best indicator of future sales, so by making sure that every customer sees the practice growth and patient experience we promise with Solea, we enable the kind of growth we are experiencing today and into the future."
"The Deloitte 2017 North America Technology Fast 500 winners underscore the impact of technological innovation and world class customer service in driving growth, in a fiercely competitive environment," said Sandra Shirai, vice chairman, Deloitte Consulting LLP and U.S. technology, media and telecommunications leader. "These companies are on the cutting edge and are transforming the way we do business. We extend our sincere congratulations to all the winners for achieving remarkable growth while delivering new services and experiences for their customers."
"Emerging growth companies are powering innovation in the broader economy. The growth rates delivered by the companies on this year's North America Technology Fast 500 ranking are a bright spot for the capital markets and a strong indicator that the emerging growth technology sector will continue to deliver a strong return on investment," said Heather Gates, national managing director of Deloitte & Touche LLP's emerging growth company practice. "Deloitte is dedicated to supporting the best and brightest companies of the future in the emerging growth company sector. We are proud to acknowledge the significant accomplishments of this year's Fast 500 winners."
Overall, 2017 Technology Fast 500™ companies achieved revenue growth ranging from 135 percent to 59,093 percent from 2013 to 2016, with median growth of 380 percent.
About Deloitte's 2017 Technology Fast 500™
Deloitte's Technology Fast 500 provides a ranking of the fastest growing technology, media, telecommunications, life sciences and energy tech companies — both public and private — in North America. Technology Fast 500 award winners are selected based on percentage fiscal year revenue growth from 2013 to 2016.
In order to be eligible for Technology Fast 500 recognition, companies must own proprietary intellectual property or technology that is sold to customers in products that contribute to a majority of the company's operating revenues. Companies must have base-year operating revenues of at least $50,000 USD, and current-year operating revenues of at least $5 million USD. Additionally, companies must be in business for a minimum of four years and be headquartered within North America.
Deloitte refers to one or more of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited, a UK private company limited by guarantee ("DTTL"), its network of member firms, and their related entities. DTTL and each of its member firms are legally separate and independent entities. DTTL (also referred to as "Deloitte Global") does not provide services to clients. In the United States, Deloitte refers to one or more of the US member firms of DTTL, their related entities that operate using the "Deloitte" name in the United States and their respective affiliates. Certain services may not be available to attest clients under the rules and regulations of public accounting. Please see http://ift.tt/2rYlwbf learn more about our global network of member firms.
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New program to assist abused women created in honour of Peterborough dentist
The late Dr. Judith Buys was a longtime supporter of the YWCA of Peterborough-Haliburton and its programs for abused women. She had always wanted to assist in a hands-on way, using her skills as a dentist to repair a woman's smile and restore her confidence.
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Vitamin D in Graves Disease: Levels, Correlation with Laboratory and Clinical Parameters, and Genetics
Objective: The aim was to compare the vitamin D levels in patients with Graves disease (GD) with the general population and to correlate the vitamin D levels with laboratory and clinical parameters in GD. Moreover, we examined the genetic variation in genes involved in the vitamin D metabolism and their association with GD. Methods: The levels of vitamin D were compared in 292 patients with newly diagnosed GD and 2,305 controls. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the vitamin D receptor (VDR), vitamin D binding protein (DBP), and 1-α-hydroxylase (CYP27B1) were examined for association with GD and/or Graves ophthalmopathy (GO) in 708 patients and 1,178 controls. Results: Patients with GD had significantly lower vitamin D levels compared to controls (55.0 ± 23.2 vs. 87.2 ± 27.6 nmol/L, p #x3c; 0.001). In patients with GD (n = 219), there was no association between the levels of vitamin D at diagnosis and free thyroxine (fT4), free triiodothyronine (fT3), thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRAb), GO at diagnosis, or relapse after terminating treatment with antithyroid drugs. Two SNPs in VDR were associated with GD: rs10735810 (OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.02–1.36, p = 0.02) and rs1544410 (OR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.03–1.47, p = 0.02). There was no difference in the mean vitamin D level between genotypes in either rs10735810 or rs154410. Conclusions: Patients with GD had lower vitamin D levels compared to the general population; however, the vitamin D levels did not affect the laboratory or clinical parameters of GD. SNPs in the VDR influenced the risk of GD through mechanisms other than reducing the vitamin D levels.
Eur Thyroid J
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Eur Thyroid J
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Genome-wide association study identifies the common variants in CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 responsible for variation in tacrolimus trough concentration in Caucasian kidney transplant recipients
Genome-wide association study identifies the common variants in CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 responsible for variation in tacrolimus trough concentration in Caucasian kidney transplant recipients
Genome-wide association study identifies the common variants in CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 responsible for variation in tacrolimus trough concentration in Caucasian kidney transplant recipients, Published online: 21 November 2017; doi:10.1038/tpj.2017.49
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Can overnight stenting be safely eliminated following a pharyngeal flap? A matched comparison study
Objective
Determine if overnight stenting is warranted after pharyngeal flap for management of velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) in pediatric patients
Methods
This is a retrospective age-matched cohort study from a single tertiary pediatric facility. Patients who underwent a posterior pharyngeal flap for VPI from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2016, were included. Two equal groups were constructed based on when their nasal stents were removed, that is, postoperative day (POD) 0 or POD 1. Primary outcome measure was oxygen desaturation after surgery. Secondary outcome measures were total length of stay, need for narcotics, and oral intake based on POD. Additional information was gathered and evaluated as possible prognostic variables.
Results
There were 27 matched pairs included in the study. One patient from each group required supplemental oxygen during the night of surgery. No escalation of care was needed in either case. The group whose stents were removed on POD 0 were discharged earlier than the group whose stents were removed on POD 1, P < 0.0001. The POD 0 group took significantly more oral intake on POD 0 than the POD 1 group, P = 0.03. The POD 0 group had significantly more genetic syndromes than the POD 1 group, P = 0.02.
Conclusion
There was no benefit with overnight stenting. Earlier discharge from the hospital was achieved in the POD 0 group. No patient experienced need for reintubation, escalation of clinical care, postoperative hemorrhage, or death.
Level of Evidence
4 Laryngoscope, 2017
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Metabolic profiling of umbilical cord blood in macrosomia
Metabolic profiling of umbilical cord blood in macrosomia
Metabolic profiling of umbilical cord blood in macrosomia, Published online: 21 November 2017; doi:10.1038/ijo.2017.288
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Tumor volume regression during preoperative chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer: a prospective observational study with weekly MRI
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Family-based tests for associating haplotypes with general phenotype data
ABSTRACT
For family-based association studies, Horvath et al. proposed an algorithm for the association analysis between haplotypes and arbitrary phenotypes when the phase of the haplotypes is unknown, that is, genotype data is given. Their approach to haplotype analysis maintains the original features of the TDT/FBAT-approach, that is, complete robustness against genetic confounding and misspecification of the phenotype. The algorithm has been implemented in the FBAT and PBAT software package and has been used in numerous substantive manuscripts. Here, we propose a simplification of the original algorithm that maintains the original approach but reduces the computational burden of the approach substantially and gives valuable insights regarding the conditional distribution. With the modified algorithm, the application to whole-genome sequencing (WGS) studies becomes feasible; for example, in sliding window approaches or spatial-clustering approaches. The reduction of the computational burden that our modification provides is especially dramatic when both parental genotypes are missing. For example, for eight variants and 441 nuclear families with mostly offspring-only families, in a WGS study at the APOE locus, the running time decreased from approximately 21 hr for the original algorithm to 0.11 sec after our modification.
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Calcium hydroxide regulates transcription of the bone sialoprotein gene via a calcium-sensing receptor in osteoblast-like ROS 17/2.8 cells
Bone sialoprotein (BSP) is a glycoprotein associated with mineralized tissues. In this study, we investigated the regulation of Bsp transcription by calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] in rat osteosarcoma-derived osteoblast-like ROS 17/2.8 cells and stromal bone marrow cells. Application of Ca(OH)2 (0.4 mM) increased the levels of runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and BspmRNAs at 3 and 6 h and the level of BSP protein at 12 h. Transient transfection analyses were performed using chimeric constructs encompassing different regions of the rat Bsp gene promoter ligated to a luciferase reporter gene. It was found that Ca(OH)2 increased the luciferase activities of the pLUC3 and pLUC4 constructs. Introduction of 2-bp mutations to the luciferase construct showed that the effects of Ca(OH)2 were mediated by cAMP response-element (CRE) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) response element (FRE). Luciferase activities induced by Ca(OH)2 were blocked by protein kinase C (PKC), protein kinase A (PKA), phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3-K), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) inhibitors and by calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) antagonists. Gel-shift analyses showed that Ca(OH)2 increased binding of nuclear protein to CRE and FRE. Dexamethasone-induced mineralization in stromal bone marrow cells was abrogated by CASR antagonists. These studies demonstrate that Ca(OH)2 regulates Bsp transcription via the CASR by targeting CRE and FRE in the rat Bsp gene promoter.
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