A novel management of streptococcal pharyngotonsillar infections by laser-activated silver nanoparticles and methylene blue conjugate, in vitro study

Species of Streptococcus are classified based on their hemolytic properties ‏ into alpha and beta types. And, since antimicrobial drug resistance is an increasingly problematic issue, the efforts to develop modalities that would overcome this obstacle and avoid antibiotic side effects is an ongoing challenge.

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Auditory, visual and auditory-visual memory and sequencing performance in typically developing children

The study evaluated whether there exists a difference/relation in the way four different memory skills (memory score, sequencing score, memory span, & sequencing span) are processed through the auditory modality, visual modality and combined modalities.

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Exome sequencing identifies a novel missense mutation of WFS1 as the cause of non-syndromic low-frequency hearing loss in a Chinese family

Autosomal dominant non-syndromic low-frequency sensorineural hearing loss (LFSNHL) DFNA6/14/38 is an uncommon type of hearing loss that classically affects low frequencies of 2000 Hz and below, demonstrating an ascending configuration. The current study aimed to investigate the cause of LFSNHL in a five-generation Chinese family.

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Functional endoscopic sinus surgery improves the quality of life in children suffering from chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps

To evaluate the impact of FESS in children with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, regarding their overall postoperative quality-of-life (QoL) and constituent QoL domains. Potential differences between cystic fibrosis (CF) sufferers and non-sufferers, or cases with recurrent sinonasal polyposis versus single-operations were also explored.

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Absence of KCNQ4 mutation in Bengali families with ADNSHL originated from West Bengal, India

Autosomal Dominant Non-Syndromic Hearing Loss (ADNSHL) is extremely heterogeneous in nature. More than 60 loci with 30 different genes have been identified linked to ADNSHL. Mutation in KCNQ4 is considered as one of the most common causative factor responsible for ADNSHL. No study focused on the genetic alteration of KCNQ4 gene among hearing loss patients in India. The present study for the first time was carried out to determine the mutation spectrum of KCNQ4 gene in ADNSHL patients of West Bengal state, India.

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Bilateral congenital cholesteatoma: Surgical treatment and considerations

To describe a multicenter study regarding surgical management of bilateral congenital cholesteatoma (BCC) and underline the importance of endoscopes in the management of this condition. In BCC, hearing preservation is more crucial than in unilateral cases. The endoscopic approach allows complete removal of cholesteatoma via a minimally invasive technique offering low residual disease rates while preserving the normal physiology of the middle ear and possibly the ossicular chain.

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Study of the effects of hearing on static and dynamic postural function in children using cochlear implants

The present study aimed to evaluate the postural control perturbations by the center of pressure parameters in two main approaches, cochlear implant turned "on" and "off".

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Pediatric head and neck bone sarcomas: An analysis of 204 cases

To analyze the demographics, survival, and treatment efficacy of pediatric sarcomas of the facial skeleton and skull.

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Update on the supraclavicular flap.

Purpose of review: The purpose of this study is to describe the supraclavicular flap and its utility in head and neck reconstruction in the context of recent studies. Recent findings: Current literature regarding the supraclavicular flap has described its expanded uses in a variety of head and neck reconstructive settings. Its reliability and limited morbidity have been well demonstrated, and it has been cited as a reasonable alternative to other reconstructive options including, in some situations, free tissue transfer. Summary: The supraclavicular flap has shown dependability in reconstruction of defects in the head and neck, and it warrants consideration among reconstructive surgeons, especially for circumstances in which free tissue or other pedicled flaps are less than ideal. Copyright (C) 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Transmission of a novel sonotubometry acoustic click stimulus in healthy and patulous eustachian tube subjects: a retrospective case -control study

Eustachian tube (ET) dysfunction can be very difficult to diagnose accurately. Our aim is to determine whether a newly developed sonotubometric test using clicks can reliably detect ET opening during swallowin...

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Transmission of a novel sonotubometry acoustic click stimulus in healthy and patulous eustachian tube subjects: a retrospective case -control study

Eustachian tube (ET) dysfunction can be very difficult to diagnose accurately. Our aim is to determine whether a newly developed sonotubometric test using clicks can reliably detect ET opening during swallowin...

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Clinical performance validation of PITX2 DNA methylation as prognostic biomarker in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

by Verena Sailer, Heidrun Gevensleben, Joern Dietrich, Diane Goltz, Glen Kristiansen, Friedrich Bootz, Dimo Dietrich

Background

Despite advances in combined modality therapy, outcomes in head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) remain dismal with five-year overall survival rates of less than 50%. Prognostic biomarkers are urgently needed to identify patients with a high risk of death after initial curative treatment. Methylation status of the paired-like homeodomain transcription factor 2 (PITX2) has recently emerged as a powerful prognostic biomarker in various cancers. In the present study, the clinical performance of PITX2 methylation was validated in a HNSCC cohort by means of an independent analytical platform (Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip, Illumina, Inc.).

Methods

A total of 528 HNSCC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were included in the study. Death was defined as primary endpoint. PITX2 methylation was correlated with overall survival and clinicopathological parameters.

Results

PITX2 methylation was significantly associated with sex, tumor site, p16 status, and grade. In univariate Cox proportional hazards analysis, PITX2 hypermethylation analyzed as continuous and dichotomized variable was significantly associated with prolonged overall survival of HNSCC patients (continuous: hazard ratio (HR) = 0.19 [95%CI: 0.04–0.88], p = 0.034; dichotomized: HR = 0.52 [95%CI: 0.33–0.84], p = 0.007). In multivariate Cox analysis including established clinicopathological parameters, PITX2 promoter methylation was confirmed as prognostic factor (HR = 0.28 [95%CI: 0.09–0.84], p = 0.023).

Conclusion

Using an independent analytical platform, PITX2 methylation was validated as a prognostic biomarker in HNSCC patients, identifying patients that potentially benefit from intensified surveillance and/or administration of adjuvant/neodjuvant treatment, i.e. immunotherapy.

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Low-Dose Childhood Radiation Effects to the Thyroid Follow a Linear Dose–Response Trend and Persist Even 45+ Years After Exposure

Clinical Thyroidology Jun 2017, Vol. 29, No. 6: 235-236.


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Persistent Hyperthyroidism Is Associated with Increased Mortality

Clinical Thyroidology Jun 2017, Vol. 29, No. 6: 214-217.


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Patients with Toxic Nodular Goiter and Graves’ Disease Are at Increased Risk for All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality

Clinical Thyroidology Jun 2017, Vol. 29, No. 6: 218-220.


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Delaying Surgery by More Than 1 Year for Selected Patients with Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma Does Not Compromise Outcomes

Clinical Thyroidology Jun 2017, Vol. 29, No. 6: 241-243.


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Thyroid Cancer Incidence and Mortality Are Increasing

Clinical Thyroidology Jun 2017, Vol. 29, No. 6: 221-223.


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Does Core Needle Biopsy Have A Role in the Evaluation of Thyroid Nodules with Indeterminate Cytology?

Clinical Thyroidology Jun 2017, Vol. 29, No. 6: 232-234.


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Levothyroxine Does Not Lower Hypothyroidism Symptoms in Older Adults with Mild Subclinical Hypothyroidism

Clinical Thyroidology Jun 2017, Vol. 29, No. 6: 224-228.


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Thyroid Hormone Receptor Alpha Resistance Causes Variability in the Severity but Not the Nature of Clinical Features

Clinical Thyroidology Jun 2017, Vol. 29, No. 6: 237-240.


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High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Is Useful in the Treatment of Symptomatic Benign Thyroid Nodules

Clinical Thyroidology Jun 2017, Vol. 29, No. 6: 229-231.


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Thyroid Tumor Board: The Pathologic Criteria of Poorly Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Can Be Difficult to Distinguish From Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma

Clinical Thyroidology Jun 2017, Vol. 29, No. 6: 244-246.


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Adjuvant Human Papillomavirus Vaccination for Secondary Prevention

This systematic review evaluates literature regarding human papillomavirus vaccination for secondary disease prevention after treatment of virus-related clinical disease.

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Support for the Diagnosis of CHARGE Syndrome—Reply

In Reply We appreciate the comments by Martin et al regarding our work and wish to respond to the excellent points that they raised.

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The 10 Commandments of Management for Acute Upper Airway Obstruction

This Viewpoint recommends 10 commandments or rules to follow when managing an acute upper airway obstruction in an infant or child.

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Slowly Enlarging Neck Mass

A man had an enlarging, nontender, neck mass at the angle of the mandible; computed tomography showed a heterogeneous mass adjacent to the tail of the left parotid, and pathologic findings revealed an encapsulated soft nodule within the specimen. What is your diagnosis?

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Learning Curves for Transoral Robotic Surgery for Oropharynx Carcinoma

This study assesses learning curves for 3 oncologic transoral robotic surgery specialists and assesses the number of cases needed to identify the learning phase.

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With Experience Comes Wisdom

What a pleasure it is to be able to comment on the Viewpoint by Grundfast et al, "The 10 Commandments of Management for Acute Upper Airway Obstruction in Infants and Children." Having just finished Michael Lewis's book The Undoing Project, which tells the story of Daniel Kahneman, Amos Tversky, and the birth of a new form of behavioral psychology and decision analysis, I am, of course, concerned about the inherent biases in trusting at face value the words of a senior statesman just because he looks and acts the part. Do we hold with heuristic beliefs that with an author's age and experience comes wisdom? I am now "trained" not to ask "who the author is" but "what has he or she actually done" before I trust the narrator that speaks to me.

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Otolaryngology Resident Duty Hour Restrictions and Outcomes

This study analyses the association of otolaryngology duty hour restrictions with surgery-specific outcomes, including complications following thyroid and parathyroid procedures performed before and after duty hour reform.

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Slow-Growing Infiltrative Sinonasal Mass

A man in his 50s was seen for a 6-month history of swelling involving the nasal bridge and right eye and intermittent ipsilateral epistaxis; endoscopy demonstrated a right-sided exophytic mass visible between the middle turbinate and nasal septum. What is your diagnosis?

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Definition of Close Surgical Margins in SCC of the Oral Tongue

This study evaluates specimens of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue and compares close resection margins of less than 5.0 mm vs less than or equal to 2.2 mm for determination of risk for local recurrence as a positive margin.

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Conservative Treatment of Isolated Cricoid Cartilage Fractures From Blunt Trauma

This case series examines the conservative treatment of laryngotracheal traumas.

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Lingual Tonsillectomy for Treatment of Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea

This meta-analysis evaluates the therapeutic outcomes of lingual tonsillectomy for treatment of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea.

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June 2017 Issue Highlights

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Traumatic Facial Injuries Among Elderly Nursing Home Residents

This population-based study estimates the incidence of facial trauma among elderly nursing home residents and details mechanisms of injury, injury characteristics, and patient demographic data.

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Inaugural Symposium on Advanced Surgical Techniques in Adult Airway Reconstruction

This report communicates the findings of the North American Airway Collaborative Symposium on Advanced Surgical Techniques in Adult Airway Reconstruction.

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Association of Body Mass Index in Head and Neck Reconstructive Surgery

This cohort study examines whether elevated body mass index is an independent risk factor for perioperative and postoperative infections after free tissue transfer in patients undergoing head and neck reconstructive surgery.

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A Young Man With Proptosis Causing Decreased Visual Acuity

A teenage boy had deteriorating vision and swelling in his right eye, right ear pain, and forehead tenderness; endoscopy revealed a fleshy, red soft-tissue mass in the superior nasal cavity. What is your diagnosis?

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Transoral Robotic Surgery and Long-term Outcomes and Costs

This cross-sectional analysis investigates the association of transoral robotic surgery with short- and long-term outcomes and costs in surgically treated patients with oropharyngeal cancer.

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Trismus and Swelling on the Side of the Face

A woman presented with mild to moderate trismus and swelling on the left side of the face of a few months' duration; physical examination was remarkable for left-sided facial swelling, and no deficits of the facial or trigeminal nerves were detected. What is your diagnosis?

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Long-term Surveillance Following Intralesional Steroid Injection for Benign Vocal Fold Lesions

This cohort study reports the findings of a long-term surveillance following intralesional steroid injection for benign vocal fold lesions.

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Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Therapy With a WEE1 Inhibitor

This study maps the cellular response to the WEE1 inhibitor and explores the contributions of p53 to its effect.

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Bacterial colonization of resin composite cements: influence of material composition and surface roughness

So-called secondary caries may develop in the cement gap between the tooth and the bonded restoration. Cement materials with a low susceptibility to biofilm formation are therefore desirable. In the present study, the adhesion of Strepococcus mutans onto three adhesive (Multilink Automix, RelyX Ultimate, and Panavia V5) and three self-adhesive (Multilink Speed Cem, RelyX Unicem 2 Automix, and Panavia SA plus) resin composite cements was evaluated. Previous studies have failed to evaluate concomitantly the effect of both the composition of the cements and their surface roughness on biofilm formation. The presence of S. mutans on cement surfaces with differing degrees of roughness was therefore recorded using fluorescence microscopy and crystal violet staining, and the composition of the cements was analyzed using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy mapping. Biofilm formation on resin composite cements was found to be higher on rougher surfaces, implying that adequate polishing of the cement gap is essential. The use of copper-containing cements (Multilink Automix, Panavia V5, and Panavia SA plus) significantly reduced biofilm formation.

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