Last week I was in the dentist chair for the first time in a couple years and the news wasn't good.
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Κυριακή 10 Δεκεμβρίου 2017
Dentist trips leaves a sore spot
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Definition of aggressive periodontitis in periodontal research. A systematic review
Abstract
Since its introduction in 1999, the term aggressive periodontitis has been the topic of many investigations. Articles supporting the International Workshop for a Classification of Periodontal Diseases list several disease features, but do not offer operational criteria for identifying cases. Consequently, considerable variation in the understanding of aggressive periodontitis can be anticipated.
Aim
To systematically asses, the definitions of aggressive periodontitis reported in original periodontal research.
Methods
A systematic review of original research on aggressive periodontitis published in English.
Results
The electronic search yielded 833 abstracts. Of these, 472 publications fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were appraised. In 26.5% of the publications no information on aggressive periodontitis operationalization is presented, but reference is made to another article. In 12.7% of the publications no information is provided as to how the cases were defined. Many combinations of criteria for case definition were found.
Conclusions
This study revealed significant heterogeneity in the understanding and use of the term aggressive periodontitis in original research and poor documentation of the identification of cases. The direction and magnitude of the influence of misclassification and selection bias are unknown, but ought to be considered by the critical reader, professionals, and patients using this term.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Early Stage olfactory neuroblastoma and the impact of resecting dura and olfactory bulb
Objective
Compare outcomes of patients with olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) without skull base involvement treated with and without resection of the dura and olfactory bulb.
Methods
Retrospective review of ONB patients treated from 1992 to 2013 at the MD Anderson Cancer Center (The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, U.S.A.). Primary outcomes were overall and disease-free survival.
Results
Thirty-five patients were identified. Most patients had Kadish A/B. tumors (97%), Hyams grade 2 (70%), with unilateral involvement (91%), and arising from the nasal cavity (68%). Tumor involved the mucosa abutting the skull base in 42% of patients. Twenty-five patients (71%) received surgery and radiation, whereas the remainder had surgery alone. Five patients (14%) had bony skull base resection, and eight patients (23%) had resection of bony skull base, dura, and olfactory bulb. Surgical margins were grossly positive in one patient (3%) and microscopically positive in four patients (12%). The 5- and 10-year overall survival were 93% and 81%, respectively. The 5- and 10-year disease-free survival (DFS) were 89% and 78%, respectively. Bony cribriform plate resection was associated with better DFS (P = 0.05), but dura and olfactory bulb resection was not (P = 0.11). There was a trend toward improved DFS in patients with negative resection margins (P = 0.19). Surgical modality (open vs. endoscopic) and postoperative radiotherapy did not impact DFS.
Conclusion
Most Kadish A/B ONB tumors have low Hyams grade, unilateral involvement, and favorable survival outcomes. Resection of the dura and olfactory bulb is not oncologically advantageous in patients without skull base involvement who are surgically treated with negative resection margins and cribriform resection.
Level of Evidence
4. Laryngoscope, 2017
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Transcutaneous immunization with pneumococcal surface protein A in mice
Objective
Pneumococcal infection caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major upper respiratory tract disease that causes severe illness and mortality. Therefore, it is important to develop safe and effective vaccines to prevent pneumococcal infections. The goal of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of transcutaneous immunization (TCI) for induction of pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) responses in the upper respiratory tract.
Methods
C57BL/6 mice were transcutaneously immunized with 1 μg of PspA and 2 μg of cholera toxin (CT) six times at weekly intervals and compared with transcutaneously treated controls (PBS alone/PspA alone/CT alone). Two weeks after the final immunization, nasal washes (NWs), saliva, and plasma samples were collected and subjected to a PspA-specific ELISA. Three weeks after the final immunization, mice were challenged with S. pneumoniae strain EF3030, and the numbers of CFUs in NWs and nasal passages (NPs) were determined.
Results
Higher levels of PspA-specific IgM, IgG, and IgA Abs were noted in plasma of TCI with PspA plus CT compared with controls. Transcutaneous immunization mice also had significantly increased PspA-specific S-IgA Ab responses in NWs and saliva and, importantly, showed significantly lower numbers of bacteria CFUs in NWs and NPs compared with controls.
Conclusion
These results show that TCI with PspA plus CT induces antigen-specific mucosal and systemic immune responses. This suggests that this method is an effective mucosal immunization strategy for induction of protective pneumococcal-specific Ab responses in blockade of S. pneumoniae colonization of the nasal cavity.
Level of Evidence
NA. Laryngoscope, 2017
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Immunohistologic analysis of spontaneous recurrent laryngeal nerve reinnervation in a rat model
Objective
After recurrent laryngeal nerve injury (RLN), spontaneous reinnervation of the larynx occurs with input from multiple sources. The purpose of this study was to determine the timing and efficiency of reinnervation across a resected RLN segment in a rat model of RLN injury.
Study Design
Animal study.
Methods
Twelve male 60-day-old Sprague Dawley rats underwent resection of a 5-mm segment of the right RLN. Rats were sacrificed at 1, 2, 4, and 12 weeks after nerve injury to harvest the larynx and trachea for immunohistologic analysis. The distal RLN segment was stained with neurofilament, and axons were counted and compared to the nonoperated side. Thyroarytenoid (TA) muscles were stained with alpha-bungarotoxin, synaptophysin, and neurofilament to identify intact neuromuscular junctions (NMJ). The number of intact NMJs from the denervated side was compared to the nonoperated side.
Results
Nerve fibers regenerated across the resected RLN gap into the distal recurrent laryngeal nerve to innervate the TA muscle. The number of nerve fibers in the distal nerve segment increased over time and reached the normal number by 12 weeks postdenervation. Axons formed intact neuromuscular junctions in the TA, with 48.8% ± 16.7% of the normal number of intact NMJs at 4 weeks and 88.3% ± 30.1% of the normal number by 12 weeks.
Conclusion
Following resection of an RLN segment in a rat model, nerve fibers spontaneously regenerate through the distal segment of the transected nerve and form intact NMJs in order to reinnervate the TA muscle.
Level of Evidence
NA. Laryngoscope, 2017
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Tandem walking as a quick screening test for vestibular disorders
Objectives/Hypothesis
Although many screening tests of balance are available, few of them have been well validated for clinical or research uses. The goal of this study was to test an updated version of an old test, Tandem Walking, to determine how useful it is for screening patients with vestibular disorders.
Study Design
Case-control study.
Methods
Subjects were 90 adult patients with vestibular disorders and 292 healthy adult controls. They were tested on the number of correct tandem steps they could perform with arms crossed and eyes closed in a series of 10 steps. Correct steps could be nonconsecutive. Subjects were given one practice trial with eyes open and three experimental trials with eyes closed.
Results
Receiver operating characteristic (ROC), and sensitivity and specificity were calculated. ROC values, sensitivity, and specificity were, at best, only moderate, no matter how the age range was cut. Even for subjects in the age group with the highest ROC value (i.e., age less than 50 years), ROC = 0.8, sensitivity = 0.77, and specificity = 0.72.
Conclusions
These results indicate that 23% of patients will not be identified. Therefore, we recommend that if this test is used for screening patients in the clinic or healthy volunteers, the result should be interpreted with care.
Level of Evidence
3b Laryngoscope, 2017
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Statins as an adjunct to scaling and root planing
11 RCTs were included in this review of statins as an adjunct to scaling and root planing. The findings suggest improvements in pocket depth and clinical attachment levels with statin use.
The post Statins as an adjunct to scaling and root planing appeared first on National Elf Service.
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Tips to help you maintain optimal oral health during the holidays
What do you get when you mix together increased exposure to alcohol, sweet foods, and cultural stress?
An insult to your efforts to navigate to optimal oral health.
Between holiday work parties, family gatherings and the ever-present pressure of holiday shopping, we've found the 'holiday haze' time of year to be notoriously challenging on one's oral health.
With this quick article, let's cover some strategies we've found helpful to assist us to maintain optimal oral health through the holiday season.
To help mitigate seasonal increased sweet food consumption
There are several things we can do ahead of time knowing that we're going to be exposed to all sorts of sweet indulgences.
1. Eat lots of healthy fats before going to any festivities.
Having plenty of healthy fats in your system will suppress your desire for sweet foods when presented with the buffet of options during the holidays.
2. Support your internal cavity resistance system.
Since we know we're going to be exposed to more sugar (which causes one remineralization system to go haywire), make sure you have enough vitamin D and plenty of vitamin K2 circulating in your system.
Among many other health-giving mechanisms, vitamin D is responsible for helping our bodies uptake calcium from food we eat. And once the calcium is in our bloodstream, we need vitamin K2 to tell the calcium where its needed to support bone tissue, including our teeth. (To learn more about vitamin K2, here's a link to a recent expert interview we did on this critical subject.)
3. Choose your sweets intentionally.
Allow yourself some indulgence.
Enjoy the sweet foods you choose to eat with full awareness and zero guilt. You are choosing to consume these. Being rigid with our eating habits isn't balanced or healthy. Like so many wise people across all cultures and religions say, 'Everything in moderation'.
Yes, there are some foods that we choose to not eat ever. Be clear on those that you choose to never eat and allow yourself some wiggle room with the foods that you choose to limit or even almost always avoid. Be gentle with yourself. And please, don't beat yourself or guilt yourself if you choose to eat some Christmas fudge. Pay attention when eating it and you may just find that you really don't want to eat it after all.
4. Make your own to bring to the gathering.
Help share healthier options with others in your network.
The world needs more and more of us 'living out loud' and sharing our choices with others. Will you get teased? Maybe. But we have found through the years that most people appreciate it when you share your research with them without judgement.
If you want a deeper dive into strategies how to live a cavity-free life, we invite you to download our FREE resource guidebook, "How to stop tooth decay and remineralize your teeth". It's loaded with helpful tips and techniques to assist anyone looking to lower their risk of tooth decay.
How to deal with the 'Holiday Cheer'
Full transparency, we aren't big alcohol drinkers in our home.
It's just never been our 'cup of tea'. I used to enjoy an occasional beer, but since choosing to live gluten free, beer has fallen into the past (yeah, I've tried gluten free beers, but they weren't thrilling for me :).
We will rarely have a glass of red wine. We avoid wine mostly because finding the quality we would prefer to drink at a party is almost impossible.
It's not that we're wine snobs. It's just that we know that the pesticides used on non-organic wines are fluorinated compounds and we do our best to avoid consuming fluoride in all forms.
So how does one navigate the holiday parties with all their 'festivities'?
Here are a couple strategies we've found helpful.
1. Always have water with you.
This provides you with something to drink in your hand. And if you choose to have some alcohol, you can follow it with water to help reduce the acidity on your teeth and the stains so common from red wine. And if you really want to blend in…
2. Honor your preferences at parties and blend right in.
Hands down, this is our favorite strategy. Perhaps because I (Will here) spent WAY too much time learning about ninja strategies as a teen, but with this technique you can blend in at any holiday work party.
Plan ahead and bring with you to the gathering some pure cranberry juice and coconut water. This way, regardless of 'what type of glass' the party is serving, you can 'ninja' your awkward social situations with ease.
More cranberry than coconut water looks great in a wine glass and with a little more coconut water, it can even pass as a cosmopolitan for those 'coctail parties' :).
Burning hard into winter
This one has truly never made any sense to us.
The fact is, here in the northern hemisphere, we're heading into winter. Winter is the time of turning in, of contemplation, getting more sleep and rest, to rekindle your 'inner fire'.
If we don't choose to nurture our healing energy during winter, we're literally paving the way for poor health in the new year.
So, why our culture chooses to party hard heading into winter has never made sense to us. We've just resigned that we're not supposed to understand this cultural habit.
Celebrate with friends? Yes, absolutely. One of the best ways to fill your cup"
Share quality, fun time with family? Definitely, it's a blessing.
Just keep in mind that our actions mid winter set us up for the following year. So, be sure to honor your need for quiet time too.
In fact, it's been a tradition in our family for many years to 'turn in' during the week between Christmas and New Year's. We've continued this to include our awesome WOW team (WOW stands for We're OraWellness :). So, while we're here, just a quick heads up that we'll be closed the week between Christmas and New Year's.
We hope these strategies help you keep your 'pearly whites' healthy while you shine your precious smile into your world this holiday season.
What strategies do you use to navigate the holidays more healthfully? Please share in the comments so we can all continue to learn from one another.
We wish you a happy holiday season filled with lots and lots of smiles and laughter!
Helpful, Related Resources
Why do teeth decay? [article]
An easy step toward stopping tooth decay [article]
What's the best vitamin K2 supplement on the market and why [market analysis]
How to reverse cavities and restore brain & heart health [expert interview]
How to stop tooth decay and remineralize your teeth [Free resource guidebook]
The post Tips to help you maintain optimal oral health during the holidays appeared first on OraWellness.
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A robust and powerful two-step testing procedure for local ancestry adjusted allelic association analysis in admixed populations
ABSTRACT
Genetic association studies in admixed populations allow us to gain deeper understanding of the genetic architecture of human diseases and traits. However, population stratification, complicated linkage disequilibrium (LD) patterns, and the complex interplay of allelic and ancestry effects on phenotypic traits pose challenges in such analyses. These issues may lead to detecting spurious associations and/or result in reduced statistical power. Fortunately, if handled appropriately, these same challenges provide unique opportunities for gene mapping. To address these challenges and to take these opportunities, we propose a robust and powerful two-step testing procedure Local Ancestry Adjusted Allelic (LAAA) association. In the first step, LAAA robustly captures associations due to allelic effect, ancestry effect, and interaction effect, allowing detection of effect heterogeneity across ancestral populations. In the second step, LAAA identifies the source of association, namely allelic, ancestry, or the combination. By jointly modeling allele, local ancestry, and ancestry-specific allelic effects, LAAA is highly powerful in capturing the presence of interaction between ancestry and allele effect. We evaluated the validity and statistical power of LAAA through simulations over a broad spectrum of scenarios. We further illustrated its usefulness by application to the Candidate Gene Association Resource (CARe) African American participants for association with hemoglobin levels. We were able to replicate independent groups' previously identified loci that would have been missed in CARe without joint testing. Moreover, the loci, for which LAAA detected potential effect heterogeneity, were replicated among African Americans from the Women's Health Initiative study. LAAA is freely available at http://ift.tt/2ydHtVZ.
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Methods for meta-analysis of multiple traits using GWAS summary statistics
ABSTRACT
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for complex diseases have focused primarily on single-trait analyses for disease status and disease-related quantitative traits. For example, GWAS on risk factors for coronary artery disease analyze genetic associations of plasma lipids such as total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides (TGs) separately. However, traits are often correlated and a joint analysis may yield increased statistical power for association over multiple univariate analyses. Recently several multivariate methods have been proposed that require individual-level data. Here, we develop metaUSAT (where USAT is unified score-based association test), a novel unified association test of a single genetic variant with multiple traits that uses only summary statistics from existing GWAS. Although the existing methods either perform well when most correlated traits are affected by the genetic variant in the same direction or are powerful when only a few of the correlated traits are associated, metaUSAT is designed to be robust to the association structure of correlated traits. metaUSAT does not require individual-level data and can test genetic associations of categorical and/or continuous traits. One can also use metaUSAT to analyze a single trait over multiple studies, appropriately accounting for overlapping samples, if any. metaUSAT provides an approximate asymptotic P-value for association and is computationally efficient for implementation at a genome-wide level. Simulation experiments show that metaUSAT maintains proper type-I error at low error levels. It has similar and sometimes greater power to detect association across a wide array of scenarios compared to existing methods, which are usually powerful for some specific association scenarios only. When applied to plasma lipids summary data from the METSIM and the T2D-GENES studies, metaUSAT detected genome-wide significant loci beyond the ones identified by univariate analyses. Evidence from larger studies suggest that the variants additionally detected by our test are, indeed, associated with lipid levels in humans. In summary, metaUSAT can provide novel insights into the genetic architecture of a common disease or traits.
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What is a calculus bridge?
SOMETIMES you need a phone call from your dentist to remind you to schedule a teeth-cleaning appointment. Other times, just running your tongue over your teeth may get you to pay a visit to the dentist.
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Patterson Companies, Inc. (PDCO) Stake Decreased by TD Asset Management Inc.
TD Asset Management Inc. lowered its holdings in Patterson Companies, Inc. by 32.4% in the 3rd quarter, according to its most recent Form 13F filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission . The fund owned 56,216 shares of the company's stock after selling 26,922 shares during the quarter.
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Effects of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa extract on virulence factors of Candida albicans and human neutrophil function
Source:Archives of Oral Biology
Author(s): Jutharat Hmoteh, Khadar Syed Musthafa, Supayang Piyawan Voravuthikunchai
Objective: Candida albicans has become a major problem of oral candidiasis due to increase in antibiotic resistance. Rhodomyrtus tomentosa, a medicinal plant possessing several phytochemical constituents, has been considered as a potential source of antimicrobial and immunomodulatory agents. The aim of this study was to investigate anti-virulence and immunostimulatory activity of R. tomentosa ethanolic leaf extract against C. albicans.MethodsThe effects of the extract on C. albicans were assessed on germ tube production, adherence of the organisms to surfaces, and biofilm. In addition, the effects of the extract on phagocytosis and killing activity of neutrophils against the pathogen were investigated.ResultsSuppression of germ tube production following 30min exposure to the extract at 256μg/mL was significantly increased in comparison with that of the unexposed cells (p <0.05). The pathogens demonstrated a significant reduction in adherence ability to surfaces in a dose dependent manner, compared with the control (p <0.05). At 48h, the extract at 512−1024μg/mL significantly reduced biofilm forming ability of the organisms up to 42.31−64.58% (p <0.05). Compared with the control group, a significant inhibition of mature biofilm after treated with the extract at 256μg/mL was observed (p<0.05). The extract at 50μg/mL significantly enhanced phagocytosis and killing activity of neutrophils against the organism, compared with the control (p<0.05).ConclusionsThe findings suggest that R. tomentosa extract displayed a dual mode of action, inhibiting virulence factors of C. albicans and enhancing neutrophil functions. Further pharmaceutical development of the extract might be useful as an alternative therapeutic agent against oral candidiasis.
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Reliability of a new test food to assess masticatory function
Source:Archives of Oral Biology
Author(s): Laura Khoury-Ribas, Raul Ayuso-Montero, Bernat Rovira-Lastra, Maria Peraire, Jordi Martinez-Gomis.
ObjectiveThis study assessed the reliability and validity of masticatory function assessment using a new test food, Optozeta.DesignThirty-five adults participated in the cross-sectional clinical part of the study; ten of them performed a retest. They performed two free-style masticatory tests consisting of five trials of 20 cycles each chewing three pieces of Optosil or Optozeta placed in a latex bag. Optozeta was created by mixing 50% Optosil with 50% of Zetalabor. Masticatory performance, masticatory laterality and chewing rate were assessed. Reliability and construct validity were assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Spearman correlations, respectively.ResultsHigher ICC values were observed for each aspect of masticatory function as assessed using Optozeta compared with Optosil. All the participants showed a lower median particle size value using Optozeta than Optosil. For each masticatory parameter, a high correlation was observed between using Optosil or Optozeta.ConclusionsOptozeta seems to have good construct validity and appears to be more reliable than Optosil as a test food to assess masticatory function.
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Over 40 children received free dental care at MTC
MTC Students Kayla Green and Sergio Flores assist Dr. Maria Pardo, DDS at the "Project Smart Smiles" clinic at Manatee Technical College Friday Dec. 8, 2017. MTC Students Kayla Green and Sergio Flores assist Dr. Maria Pardo, DDS at the "Project Smart Smiles" clinic at Manatee Technical College Friday Dec. 8, 2017.
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Lawmakers push for licensing system for dental therapists
A bipartisan group of New Mexico lawmakers is seeking to expand dental care in rural areas by creating a new system of licensed dental workers. The Albuquerque Journal reports the legislators are seeking to establish dental therapists - a mid-level professional between a dentist and a hygienist.
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Smile, there's free dental care in Whitehorse this weekend
'All of our staff also wanted to do it, and we're happy to help,' said Sammy Hachem, co-owner of Riverstone Dental Clinic in Whitehorse. The clinic will offer free care on Saturday, to people with no dental insurance.
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Medication related osteonecrosis of the jaws associated with targeted therapy as monotherapy and in combination with antiresorptives. A report of 7 cases from the Copenhagen Cohort.
| Related Articles |
Medication related osteonecrosis of the jaws associated with targeted therapy as monotherapy and in combination with antiresorptives. A report of 7 cases from the Copenhagen Cohort.
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2017 Nov 06;:
Authors: Abel Mahedi Mohamed H, Nielsen CEN, Schiodt M
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to report cases of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ) associated with targeted therapy (TT) with or without concomitant antiresorptive treatment, among the Copenhagen ONJ cohort, which includes all consecutive cases of MRONJ seen in Copenhagen.
STUDY DESIGN: We retrospectively studied the treatment of 204 consecutive patients with MRONJ, seen between January 2010 and May 2016, to identify those associated with TT.
RESULTS: We detected 7 cases of MRONJ associated with TT (3.4%). Four patients received TT only, whereas 3 were concomitantly treated with bisphosphonates (n = 3) and/or denosumab (n = 3). The TT regimens included sunitinib (Sutent) (n = 1), everolimus (Afinitor) (n = 1), erlotinib (Tarceva) (n = 1), bevacizumab (Avastin) (n = 3), dasatinib (Sprycel) (n = 1) and imatinib (Glivec) (n = 1). The MRONJ stage included stages 1 and 2, and mean score on the visual analogue scale for pain in the jaw was 4.0.
CONCLUSIONS: Health care providers should be aware of the possibility of MRONJ associated with the TT agents sunitinib, everolimus, and dasatinib and uncommon cancer types, including renal cell carcinoma, non-small-cell lung cancer, glioblastoma, and leukemia, where MRONJ may also occur.
PMID: 29221983 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Consanguineous marriages in the genetic counseling centers of Isfahan and the ethical issues of clinical consultations
Consanguineous marriage, which is common in many regions in the world, has absorbed much attention as a causative factor in raising the incidence of genetic diseases. The adverse effects may be attributed to the expression of the genes received from common ancestors and mortality and morbidity of the offspring. Iran has a high rate of consanguineous marriages. In recent years genetic counseling has come to be considered in health care services. This cross-sectional study was conducted in order to determine the prevalence and types of consanguineous marriages in the genetic clinics in Isfahan. We aimed to define the different types of marriages, specific categories of genetic disorders associated with consanguineous marriages, and mode of inheritance in the family tree. We also narratively reviewed the ethical aspects of the issue.
The data were collected using a simple questionnaire. A total number of 1535 couples from urban and rural areas formed the study population. The marriages were classified according to the degree of the relationship between couples, including: double cousin, first cousin, first cousin once removed, second cousin and beyond second cousin. The SPSS software version 16 was used for data analysis.
Data obtained through genetic counseling offered during a 5-year period revealed that 74.3% had consanguineous relationships, 62.3% were first cousins, 1% were double cousins and 7.8% were second cousins. In addition, 76% of the couples had at least one genetic disease in their family tree. Related ethical issues were also considered in this study, including autonomy and informed decision making, benefit and harm assessment, confidentiality, ethics in research, justice in access to counseling services, financial problems ethics, and the intellectual property of scientific success.from ! ORL Sfakianakis via paythelady.61 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2nMdfJX
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School Notes: December 2017
Crozet Elementary School Principal Gwedette Crummie displays her reading assignments from the students during the Principal's Challenge. Photo: Lisa Martin Crozet Elementary Principal Gwedette Crummie's desk is piled with stacks of books-all suggestions from students for what she might read during this year's Principal's Reading Challenge.
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Angioleiomyoma of the Auricle: An Unusual Tumor on a Rare Location
Cutaneous angioleiomyomas (ALMs) (also known as vascular leiomyomas or angiomyomas) are unusual benign tumors of the skin deriving from the muscle layer of dermal blood vessels. They usually manifest as tender subcutaneous nodules, mostly encountered on the legs of adult women in their fifth or sixth life decade. ALMs rarely develop on the head/neck area, and even more rarely (
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Smear layer-deproteinizing improves bonding of one-step self-etch adhesives to dentin
Publication date: Available online 9 December 2017
Source:Dental Materials
Author(s): Ornnicha Thanatvarakorn, Taweesak Prasansuttiporn, Suppason Thittaweerat, Richard M. Foxton, Shizuko Ichinose, Junji Tagami, Keiichi Hosaka, Masatoshi Nakajima
ObjectivesSmear layer deproteinizing was proved to reduce the organic phase of smear layer covered on dentin surface. It was shown to eliminate hybridized smear layer and nanoleakage expression in resin–dentin bonding interface of two-step self-etch adhesive. This study aimed to investigate those effects on various one-step self-etch adhesives.MethodsFour different one-step self-etch adhesives were used in this study; SE One (SE), Scotchbond™ Universal (SU), BeautiBond Multi (BB), and Bond Force (BF). Flat human dentin surfaces with standardized smear layer were prepared. Smear layer deproteinizing was carried out by the application of 50ppm hypochlorous acid (HOCl) on dentin surface for 15s followed by Accel® (p-toluenesulfinic acid salt) for 5s prior to adhesive application. No surface pretreatment was used as control. Microtensile bond strength (μTBS) and nanoleakage under TEM observation were investigated. The data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test and t-test at the significant level of 0.05.ResultsSmear layer deproteinizing significantly improved μTBS of SE, SU, and BB (p<0.001). Hybridized smear layer observed in control groups of SE, BB, and BF, and reticular nanoleakage presented throughout the hybridized complex in control groups of BB and BF were eliminated upon the smear layer deproteinizing.SignificanceSmear layer deproteinizing by HOCl and Accel® application could enhance the quality of dentin for bonding to one-step self-etch adhesives, resulting in the improving μTBS, eliminating hybridized smear layer and preventing reticular nanoleakage formation in resin–dentin bonding interface.
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Effect of tetracalcium phosphate/monetite toothpaste on dentin remineralization and tubule occlusion in vitro
Publication date: Available online 9 December 2017
Source:Dental Materials
Author(s): L. Medvecky, R. Stulajterova, M. Giretova, J. Mincik, M. Vojtko, J. Balko, J. Briancin
ObjectivesTo investigate the tubule occlusion and remineralization potential of a novel toothpaste with active tetracalcium phosphate/monetite mixtures under de/remineralization cycling.MethodsDentin de/remineralization cycling protocol consisted of demineralization in 1% citric acid at pH 4.6 with following remineralization with toothpastes and soaking in artificial saliva. Effectiveness of toothpastes to promote remineralization was evaluated by measurement of microhardness recovery, analysis of surface roughness, thickness of coating and scanning electron microscopy.ResultsThe novel tetracalcium phosphate/monetite dentifrice had comparable remineralization potential as commercial calcium silicate/phosphate (SENSODYNE®) and magnesium aluminum silicate (Colgate®) toothpastes and significantly higher than control saliva (p<0.02). Surface roughness was significantly lower after treatment with prepared and SENSODYNE® dentifirice (p<0.05). The coatings on dentin surfaces was significantly thicker after applying toothpastes as compared to negative control (p<0.001).ConclusionsThe new fluoride toothpaste formulation with bioactive tetracalcium phosphate/monetite calcium phosphate mixture effectively occluded dentin tubules and showed good dentin remineralization potential under de/remineralization cycling. It could replace professional powder preparation based on this mixture. It was demonstrated that prepared dentifrice had comparable properties with commercial fluoride calcium silicate/phosphate or magnesium aluminum silicate dentifrices.
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