Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos 72100 Crete Greece,00306932607174: 08/30/17

Τετάρτη 30 Αυγούστου 2017

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A Novel Approach of Impulsive Signal Extraction for Early Fault Detection of Rolling Element Bearing

The fault signals of rolling element bearing are often characterized by the presence of periodic impulses, which are modulated high-frequency harmonic components. The features of early fault in rolling bearing are very weak, which are often masked by background noise. The impulsiveness of the vibration signal has affected the identification of characteristic frequency for the early fault detection of the bearing. In this paper, a novel approach based on morphological operators is presented for impulsive signal extraction of early fault in rolling element bearing. The combination Top-Hat (CTH) is proposed to extract the impulsive signal and enhance the impulsiveness of the bearing fault signal, and the envelope analysis is applied to reveal the fault-related signatures. The impulsive extraction performance of the proposed CTH is compared with that of finite impulse response filter (FIR) by analyzing the simulated bearing fault signals, and the result indicates that the CTH is more effective in extracting impulsive signals. The method is evaluated using real fault signals from defective bearings with early rolling element fault and early fault located on the outer race. The results show that the proposed method is able to enhance the impulsiveness of early bearing fault signals.

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Convergence Analysis of Generalized Jacobi-Galerkin Methods for Second Kind Volterra Integral Equations with Weakly Singular Kernels

We develop a generalized Jacobi-Galerkin method for second kind Volterra integral equations with weakly singular kernels. In this method, we first introduce some known singular nonpolynomial functions in the approximation space of the conventional Jacobi-Galerkin method. Secondly, we use the Gauss-Jacobi quadrature rules to approximate the integral term in the resulting equation so as to obtain high-order accuracy for the approximation. Then, we establish that the approximate equation has a unique solution and the approximate solution arrives at an optimal convergence order. One numerical example is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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Occupational Exposure to Talc Increases the Risk of Lung Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Occupational Cohort Studies

Objective. Talc is widely used in industrial applications. Previous meta-analyses of carcinogenic effects associated with inhaled talc included publications before 2004, with a lack of data in China, the largest talc-producing country. The safety of workers exposed to talc was unclear due to limited evidence. The objective of this study was to reevaluate the association between inhaled talc and lung cancer. Setting, Participants, and Outcome Measures. A meta-analysis was performed to calculate the meta-SMR of lung cancer. We searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, CNKI, and Wanfang Data databases through March 2017. Data from observational studies were pooled using meta-analysis with random effects models. Results. Fourteen observational cohort studies (13 publications) were located via literature search. The heterogeneity of the included data was high (-squared = 72.9%). Pooling all the cohorts yielded a meta-SMR of 1.45 (95% CI: 1.22–1.72, ) for lung cancer among the study subjects exposed to talc. Subgroup analysis for asbestos contamination showed no significant difference in lung cancer death between subjects exposed to talc with and without asbestos , indicating that this confounding factor may have no significance. Conclusions. This study provides evidence that nonasbestiform talc might still increase the risk of lung cancer. Further epidemiological studies are required to evaluate the safety of workers with occupational talc exposure.

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Paralytic Ileus Secondary to Methamphetamine Abuse: A Rare Case

Methamphetamine hydrochloride, colloquially referred to as "crystal meth," is a potent psychoactive amphetamine derivate. Methamphetamine produces stimulant effects in the user including increased energy and alertness as well as inducing intense euphoric symptoms and suppressing appetite through its dopaminergic, serotonergic, and adrenergic actions. Use of methamphetamine can adversely affect cardiovascular, neurological, and gastrointestinal physiology leading to significant morbidity. We present a rare case of paralytic ileus secondary to methamphetamine abuse which has only once before been described in the literature.

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Expression Levels and Clinical Significance of miR-21-5p, miR-let-7a, and miR-34c-5p in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Objective. Altered microRNAs (miRNAs) expression has been found in many cancer types, including laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). The aim of this study was to determine the role and clinical value of three LSCC-related miRs, such as miR-21-5p, miR-let-7a, and miR-34c-5p in a homogeneous cohort of patients with primary LSCC treated by primary surgery. Methods. Expression levels of miR-21-5p, miR-let-7a, and miR-34c-5p were detected in 43 pairs of LSCC and adjacent normal tissues by reverse-transcription quantitative PCR. Overall survival and disease-free survival were evaluated using the Kaplan–Meier method, and multivariate analysis was performed using the Cox proportional hazard analysis. Results. miR-21-5p is significantly upregulated, while miR-let-7a is significantly downregulated in LSCC tumor tissues compared with the corresponding adjacent normal tissues. The downregulation of miR-34c-5p expression significantly correlated with a shorter disease-free survival and, in the multivariate analysis, low miR-34c-5p expression was associated with an increased risk of recurrence. Conclusions. miR-21-5p, miR-let-7a, and miR-34c-5p seem to play a critical role in LSCC carcinogenesis and might have a diagnostic and prognostic clinical value. The miR-let-7a levels could have a predictive role for lymph node metastases and miR-34c-5p might be a promising biomarker of patient outcome.

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CT Scanning in Identification of Sheep Cystic Echinococcosis

Objective. We aim to determine the efficiency of CT in identification of cystic echinococcosis in sheep. Methods. Fifty-three sheep with liver cysts confirmed by ultrasonography were subject to CT scan to evaluate the number, size, and type of the cysts in liver and lung, confirmed using necropsy. The correlation of numbers between liver cysts and lung cysts was calculated using Pearson analysis. Results. Necropsy indicated a 98% consensus on size, location, number, and activity compared with CT scan. The viable cysts were 53.1% and 50.6% in the liver and lung, respectively. Among the cysts in liver, 35.5%, 9.5%, 5.7%, 10.2%, and 39.1% were Types CE1, CE2, CE3, CE4, and CE5, respectively. The cysts in the lungs, 17.4%, 26.9%, 12.1%, 11.6%, and 32.1%, were Types CE1, CE2, CE3, CE4, and CE5, respectively. A significant correlation was noticed between the number of cysts in liver and those in lung (, ). Conclusions. CT scan is a suitable tool in determining the size and type of cystic hydatid cysts in both liver and lung of sheep. A significant correlation was noticed between the numbers in liver and lung, indicating that lung infection was likely due to the expansion of liver cyst burden pressure.

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An Advanced Encryption Standard Powered Mutual Authentication Protocol Based on Elliptic Curve Cryptography for RFID, Proven on WISP

Information in patients' medical histories is subject to various security and privacy concerns. Meanwhile, any modification or error in a patient's medical data may cause serious or even fatal harm. To protect and transfer this valuable and sensitive information in a secure manner, radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology has been widely adopted in healthcare systems and is being deployed in many hospitals. In this paper, we propose a mutual authentication protocol for RFID tags based on elliptic curve cryptography and advanced encryption standard. Unlike existing authentication protocols, which only send the tag ID securely, the proposed protocol could also send the valuable data stored in the tag in an encrypted pattern. The proposed protocol is not simply a theoretical construct; it has been coded and tested on an experimental RFID tag. The proposed scheme achieves mutual authentication in just two steps and satisfies all the essential security requirements of RFID-based healthcare systems.

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Necrotizing Fasciitis Secondary to Aeromonas Infection Presenting with Septic Shock

This report describes a case of necrotizing fasciitis presenting with septic shock due to an Aeromonas infection. The patient cut his foot while mowing the lawn and then spent time in a pool with black mold. He began feeling ill and developed swelling and a quarter-sized black area on his right lower extremity. Despite being hemodynamically unstable with systolic blood pressure in the low 70s, the patient was transferred to our facility from outside hospital 100 miles away. Upon arriving to facility, the patient appeared to be septic and the infected area of skin had grown. Irrigation and debridement were performed and appropriate antibiotic therapy was given; however, the patient subsequently died on hospital day 8. On review of the literature, cases of necrotizing fasciitis due to Aeromonas infection have been treated successfully with the aforementioned therapy; however, there is high mortality associated with these infections, many times related to a delayed diagnosis. Our patient also had multiple poor prognostic factors including hepatic dysfunction and immunosuppression.

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Interactive Segmentation of Pancreases in Abdominal Computed Tomography Images and Its Evaluation Based on Segmentation Accuracy and Interaction Costs

The present paper proposed an interactive segmentation method of pancreases in abdominal computed tomography (CT) images based on the anatomical knowledge of medical doctors and the statistical information of pancreas shapes. This segmentation method consisted of two phases: training and testing. In the training phase, pancreas regions were manually extracted from sample CT images for training, and then a probabilistic atlas (PA) was constructed from the extracted regions. In the testing phase, a medical doctor selected seed voxels for a pancreas and background in a CT image for testing by use of our graphical user interface system. The homography transformation was used to fit the PA to the seeds. The graph cut technique whose data term was weighted by the transformed PA was applied to the test image. The seed selection, the atlas transformation, and the graph cut were executed iteratively. This doctor-in-the-loop segmentation method was applied to actual abdominal CT images of fifteen cases. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method was more accurate and effective than the conventional graph cut.

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Macro-Micro Failure Mechanisms and Damage Modeling of a Bolted Rock Joint

The anchoring mechanism of a bolted joint subjected to a shear load was investigated using a bilinear constitutive model via the inner-embedded FISH language of particle flow code based on the discrete element method. The influences of the anchoring system on the macro-/micromechanical response were studied by varying the inclination angle of the bolt. The results indicate a clear relationship between the mechanical response of a bolted rock joint and the mechanical properties of the anchoring angle. By optimizing the anchorage angle, the peak strength can be increased by nearly 50% relative to that at an anchorage angle of 90°. The optimal anchorage angle ranges from 45° to 75°. The damage mechanism at the optimal anchorage angle joint is revealed from a macroscopic mechanical perspective. The concentration of the contact force between disks will appear in the joint and around the bolt, resulting in crack initiation. These cracks are mainly tensile cracks, which are consistent with the formation mechanism for compression-induced tensile cracks. Therefore, the macroscopic peak shear stress in the joint and the microscopic damage to the anchoring system should be considered when determining the optimal anchoring angle to reinforce a jointed rock mass.

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High Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Predicts Poor Prognosis and Clinicopathological Characteristics in Patients with Breast Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

Background. We aimed to evaluate the correlation of platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) with prognosis and clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer. Methods. The PubMed and Embase databases were searched. Hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to summarize disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Odds ratio (OR) was used to summarize tumor clinicopathological characteristics. Results. High PLR was associated with poor DFS and OS (DFS: HR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.16–1.85, and Tau2 = 0.070; OS: HR = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.27–2.80, and Tau2 = 0.192). A Galbraith plot indicated that the studies by Allan et al. and Cihan et al. contributed the heterogeneity of DFS and OS, respectively. There were significant differences in the incidence of high PLR between stage II–IV and stage I groups (OR = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.20–2.90, and Tau2

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Forty-Three-Year-Old Female with Dopamine Secreting Pheochromocytoma of the Adrenal Gland

We report on a 43-year-old, asymptomatic female who presented with incidental finding of left adrenal mass. MRI gave concerns for possible pheochromocytoma but markers for pheochromocytoma were not elevated as expected. 24-hour urine dopamine levels (6988 μg/day) were significantly elevated. The patient successfully underwent robotic assisted radical left adrenalectomy and was diagnosed with a dopamine secreting pheochromocytoma. Pathology revealed increased malignant potential associated with the tumor. The patient underwent full metastatic workup, which was negative. At two years of follow-up there was no recurrence and normalization of lab values.

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Baseline Antibody Titre against Salmonella enterica in Healthy Population of Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

Objective. The aim of this study was to establish a baseline titre for the population of Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. Method. Four hundred healthy blood donors, attending blood donation camps, were screened using a survey questionnaire. Widal tube agglutination test was performed on the diluted sera (with 0.9% normal saline) of blood donors, with final dilution ranging from 1 : 40 to 1 : 320. Results. Out of 400 individuals providing samples, 78 (19.5%) individuals showed antibody titres ≥ 1 : 40 for at least one antigen and 322 (80.5%) showed no agglutination. The baseline antibody titres against O antigen and H antigen of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi were found to be 1 : 40 and 1 : 80, respectively. Similarly, the baseline antibody titres for the H antigen of Salmonella enterica serotypes Paratyphi A and Paratyphi B were found to be 1 : 40 and 1 : 80, respectively. Conclusion. Thus, it was noted that the diagnostically significant cutoff of antibody titre from acute phase sample was ≥ 1 : 80 for S. Typhi O antigen and titre of ≥ 1 : 160 for both S. Typhi H antigen and S. Paratyphi BH antigen. Antibody titre of ≥ 1 : 80 can be considered significant for S. Paratyphi AH antigen.

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Relationship between Subclinical Thyroid Dysfunction and the Risk of Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

Background. Evidence on the association between subclinical thyroid dysfunction and the risk of cardiovascular outcomes are conflicting. Methods and Results. PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and China Biology Medicine (CBM) databases were searched from inception to July 10, 2016. A total of 16 studies were included for meta-analysis. We found that subclinical hypothyroidism was not correlated with coronary heart disease (CHD) (RR = 1.17; 95% CI, 0.91–1.52), total mortality (RR = 1.02; 95% CI, 0.93–1.13), cardiovascular mortality (RR = 1.06; 95% CI, 0.77–1.45), heart failure (RR = 1.17; 95% CI, 0.87–1.57), and atrial fibrillation (RR = 1.05; 95% CI, 0.91–1.21), except CHD mortality (RR = 1.37; 95% CI, 1.03–1.84). Subgroup analysis indicated a higher estimation risk in CHD (RR = 1.54; 95% CI, 1.00–2.39), cardiovascular mortality (RR = 2.14; 95% CI, 1.43–3.22), and CHD mortality (RR = 1.54; 95% CI, 1.11–2.15) among participants

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Analysis of a Heroin Epidemic Model with Saturated Treatment Function

A mathematical model is developed that examines how heroin addiction spreads in society. The model is formulated to take into account the treatment of heroin users by incorporating a realistic functional form that "saturates" representing the limited availability of treatment. Bifurcation analysis reveals that the model has an intrinsic backward bifurcation whenever the saturation parameter is larger than a fixed threshold. We are particularly interested in studying the model's global stability. In the absence of backward bifurcations, Lyapunov functions can often be found and used to prove global stability. However, in the presence of backward bifurcations, such Lyapunov functions may not exist or may be difficult to construct. We make use of the geometric approach to global stability to derive a condition that ensures that the system is globally asymptotically stable. Numerical simulations are also presented to give a more complete representation of the model dynamics. Sensitivity analysis performed by Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) suggests that the effective contact rate in the population, the relapse rate of heroin users undergoing treatment, and the extent of saturation of heroin users are mechanisms fuelling heroin epidemic proliferation.

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Remote Control of Multimodal Nanoscale Ligand Oscillations Regulates Stem Cell Adhesion and Differentiation

TOC Graphic

ACS Nano

DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b02857

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Back to school to protect against coronary heart disease?

Public policy interventions can have profound effects on health.1 Whereas some have been highly successful (such as smoking cessation), others have actually worsened disease incidence rates. For...

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Clomid for males infertility - Clomid ovarian cancer risk - Forward Florida

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ESMO 2017: Trial results question role of CT-scan in NSCLC post-surgery follow-up

The optimal follow-up protocol for patients with completely resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains elusive after results of the IFCT-0302 trial, presented at the ESMO 2017 Congress in Madrid, did not show a difference in overall survival (OS)...

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Gardasil Vaccination for Recurrent Laryngeal Papillomatosis in Adult Men Second Report: Negative Conversion of HPV in Laryngeal Secretions

In our first report on antibody levels in middle-aged and older men with recurrent laryngeal papillomatosis (RLP), we reported increases in human papillomavirus (HPV) antibody levels similar to those seen in adult women and young men. We posited that HPV antibodies produced in laryngeal mucus by Gardasil would prevent postoperative reinfection in patients with RLP.

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Reassessing the cardiac box: A comprehensive evaluation of the relationship between thoracic gunshot wounds and cardiac injury

BACKGROUND: High-energy missiles can cause cardiac injury regardless of entrance site. This study assesses the adequacy of the anatomic borders of the current "cardiac box" to predict cardiac injury. METHODS: Retrospective autopsy review was performed to identify patients with penetrating torso gunshot wounds (GSWs) 2011 to 2013. Using a circumferential grid system around the thorax, logistic regression analysis was performed to detect differences in rates of cardiac injury from entrance/exit wounds in the "cardiac box" versus the same for entrance/exit wounds outside the box. Analysis was repeated to identify regions to compare risk of cardiac injury between the current cardiac box and other regions of the thorax. RESULTS: Over the study period, 263 patients (89% men; mean age, 34 years; median injuries/person, 2) sustained 735 wounds (80% GSWs), and 239 patients with 620 GSWs were identified for study. Of these, 95 (34%) injured the heart. Of the 257 GSWs entering the cardiac box, 31% caused cardiac injury, whereas 21% GSWs outside the cardiac box (n = 67) penetrated the heart, suggesting that the current "cardiac box" is a poor predictor of cardiac injury relative to the thoracic non-"cardiac box" regions (relative risk [RR], 0.96; p = 0.82). The regions from the anterior to posterior midline of the left thorax provided the highest positive predictive value (41%) with high sensitivity (90%) while minimizing false-positives, making this region the most statistically significant discriminator of cardiac injury (RR, 2.9; p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: For GSWs, the current cardiac box is inadequate to discriminate whether a GSW will cause a cardiac injury. As expected, entrance wounds nearest to the heart are the most likely to result in cardiac injury, but, from a clinical standpoint, it is best to think outside the "box" for GSWs to the thorax. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic/care management, level IV.

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Selective versus nonselective embolization versus no embolization in pelvic trauma: A multicenter retrospective cohort study

BACKGROUND: Traumatic hemorrhage from pelvic fractures is a significant challenge, and angioembolization has become standard. Optimal treatment is undefined in two clinical scenarios. The first is in the presence of a negative angiogram. Can arterial embolization treat venous bleeding by decreasing the arterial pressure head? If the angiogram is positive, is nonselective embolization (NSE) or selective embolization (SE) better? The purpose of this study is to determine if embolization after a negative angiogram aids in hemorrhage control and when the angiogram is positive, which level of embolization is superior? METHODS: A multicenter retrospective review was conducted including blunt trauma patients with pelvic fractures who underwent angiography. Demographic and clinical data were compiled on all subjects. NSE refers to an intervention at the level of the internal iliac artery and SE is defined as any distal intervention. Theoretical complications of pelvic embolization are those thought to arise from decreased pelvic blood flow and will be referred to as embolization-related complications. Thromboembolic complications included deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. RESULTS: One hundred ninety-four patients met inclusion criteria. Of the 67 patients with a negative angiogram, 26 (38.8%) were embolized. In those patients requiring transfusion, the units given in the first 24 hours were decreased in the embolization group (7.5 vs. 4.0, p = 0.054). Embolization-related complications occurred more frequently in those not embolized (11.4% vs. 6.0%, p = 0.414). One hundred forty-five patients were embolized, 99 (68.3%) NSE and 46 (31.7%) SE. There were no significant differences in mortality or transfusion requirements. There was no difference in the rate of embolization-related complications (4.1% vs. 2.1%, p = 0.352). There was a significantly increased rate of thromboembolic complications in the NSE group (12.1% vs. 0, p = 0.010). CONCLUSION: Embolization in the face of a negative angiogram may aid in hemorrhage control for those patients being actively transfused. If embolized, then selective occlusion of more distal vessels rather than of the main internal iliac artery should be performed. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, level IV.

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Every minute counts: Time to delivery of initial massive transfusion cooler and its impact on mortality: Erratum

No abstract available

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Splenic artery embolization versus splenectomy: Analysis for early in-hospital infectious complications and outcomes

BACKGROUND: Splenic artery embolization (SAE) has gained increasing acceptance as an important adjunct in the treatment of splenic injuries. Residual immunologic function of the spleen after embolization and its consequences on early infectious complications still remain intensely debated. The purpose of this study was to compare SAE and splenectomy (SP) in terms of early in-hospital infectious complications and outcomes. METHODS: Two-year retrospective Trauma Quality Improvement Program database prognostic study. Patients with grade IV to V splenic injury requiring SAE or SP were included in the final analysis. Examined variables were demographics, mechanism of injury, Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS), Injury Severity Score, Organ Injury Scale, admission vital signs, blood transfusion in the first 24 hours, early infectious complications, and outcomes. Multivariate analysis adjusted for patient and injury-related variables was used to identify independent predictors for infectious complication and mortality. RESULTS: During the study period, 4,063 patients with a grade IV to V splenic injury managed with SAE or SP were included in the study. SAE was performed in 461 (11.3%) patients. The early infectious complication rate was 23.1% in the SP group and 11.7% in the SAE group (p

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The Most Interesting Rock in the World

And it's not even from the Earth

-- Read more on ScientificAmerican.com

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Former Villanova coach Rollie Massimino dies at 82 - Philly.com

Philly.com

Former Villanova coach Rollie Massimino dies at 82
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Dentist offering free services to military

The Observer-Reporter is excited to announce new digital offerings, including our new e-Edition apps, available for download in the iTunes & Google Play stores.

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MicroRNA-141 Is Involved in Ulcerative Colitis Pathogenesis via Aiming at CXCL5

Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research Sep 2017, Vol. 37, No. 9: 415-420.

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Encuesta sobre el conocimiento en la indicación de implantes cocleares para el tratamiento de la hipoacusia en España

Publication date: Available online 30 August 2017
Source:Acta Otorrinolaringológica Española
Author(s): Manuel Manrique, Ángel Ramos, Beatriz Pradel, Carlos Cenjor, Diego Calavia, Constantino Morera
IntroducciónEste trabajo pretende analizar el conocimiento del especialista en Otorrinolaringología en España sobre los criterios de indicación de los implantes cocleares (IC) y, según los resultados, considerar si es necesario implementar medidas de formación dirigidas a mejorar el conocimiento en esta área.Material y métodosSe diseña un cuestionario dirigido a conocer el nivel de conocimiento sobre la indicación de IC en personas con hipoacusia. Este cuestionario recogía información demográfica de los encuestados y conocimientos sobre aspectos como indicaciones convencionales y emergentes de los IC, características técnicas de los IC y resultados en la población implantada.ResultadosUn total de 222 especialistas españoles en Otorrinolaringología respondieron el cuestionario (10,29% de la muestra encuestada).ConclusionesUn 50% de los encuestados mostraron unos conocimientos medios-altos sobre IC. Datos epidemiológicos sugieren que un alto porcentaje de adultos con sorderas poslocutivas candidatos a un IC no son referidos para tratamiento. El desconocimiento de los criterios para la indicación de IC por parte de los especialistas en Otorrinolaringología puede contribuir a una inadecuada orientación de los pacientes potencialmente candidatos a un IC. Las mayores deficiencias se encontraron en las indicaciones más emergentes de un IC. Dentro de los profesionales de la Otorrinolaringología los mayores conocimientos sobre IC se concentraron en aquellos que trabajaban en hospitales terciarios, especializados en Otología y Otoneurología, y desempeñaban su actividad laboral en el sector público y privado. Este estudio sugiere la conveniencia de incrementar acciones formativas sobre IC en los profesionales de la Otorrinolaringología, especialmente para otorrinolaringólogos generales.IntroductionThis study aims to analyse the knowledge of cochlear implant (CI) candidacy criteria of otorhinolaryngology specialists in Spain, and from the results, consider whether it is necessary to implement training measures aimed at improving knowledge in this area.Material and methodsA questionnaire was designed for measuring the level of knowledge of cochlear implant candidacy criteria (CI) in people with hearing loss. The questionnaire collected the demographic data of the respondents and their knowledge on the conventional and emergency indications for CI, technical characteristics of CI and results in the implanted population.ResultsA total of 222 Spanish specialists in otorhinolaryngology answered the questionnaire (10.29% of the sample surveyed).ConclusionsThe 50% of all respondents showed a medium-high knowledge about CI. Epidemiological data suggest that a high percentage of adults with postlocutive deafness and candidates for a CI are not referred for treatment. The lack of knowledge about the criteria for the indication of CI by otorhinolaryngology specialists may contribute to inadequate guidance of patients who are potential candidates for CI. The greatest shortcomings are found in the most emergency indications for a CI. Among otorhinolaryngology professionals, the greatest knowledge about CI is found in those who work in tertiary hospitals in the areas of otology and otoneurology, either in the public or private sector. This study suggests that training on CI should be increased for otorhinolaryngology professionals, especially for general otorhinolaryngologists.

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Maxillary hydatid cyst

Publication date: Available online 30 August 2017
Source:Acta Otorrinolaringológica Española
Author(s): Satvinder Singh Bakshi, Roopa Urs

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On ciprofloxacin concentration in chronic rhinosinusitis

Publication date: Available online 30 August 2017
Source:Acta Otorrinolaringológica Española
Author(s): José Gameiro dos Santos, Rosário Figueirinhas, José P. Liberal, João C. Almeida, Joana Sousa, Amílcar Falcão, Corália Vicente, João Paço, Cecília A. Sousa
ObjectiveConsidering that all the evidence indicates that chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) are distinct entities, the aim of this study was to compare the concentrations obtained in plasma and in sinonasal mucosa with oral and nasal topical ciprofloxacin, in patients with and without nasal polyps, without evaluating the effectiveness of the use of an antibiotic.MethodsProspective clinical study with single-blind randomization. The population consisted of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with eligible for endonasal surgery, over 18 years old. It took place between January 2010 and December 2014. A single preoperative dose of ciprofloxacin (oral or nasal topic- spray, gel or drops) was given and samples of plasma and nasal mucosa (inferior turbinate, middle turbinate, ethmoid and maxillary sinus) were collected prior to surgery. The plasma and mucosal ciprofloxacin concentrations were assayed with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection (FD).ResultsThe oral ciprofloxacin achieved better mucosal concentrations but had a significant plasmatic expression in all patients. None of the topical formulations achieved measurable ciprofloxacin plasmatic levels. Among the topical formulations, the gel had the best mucosal results, despite the existence of polyposis.

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Encuesta sobre el conocimiento en la indicación de implantes cocleares para el tratamiento de la hipoacusia en España

Publication date: Available online 30 August 2017
Source:Acta Otorrinolaringológica Española
Author(s): Manuel Manrique, Ángel Ramos, Beatriz Pradel, Carlos Cenjor, Diego Calavia, Constantino Morera
IntroducciónEste trabajo pretende analizar el conocimiento del especialista en Otorrinolaringología en España sobre los criterios de indicación de los implantes cocleares (IC) y, según los resultados, considerar si es necesario implementar medidas de formación dirigidas a mejorar el conocimiento en esta área.Material y métodosSe diseña un cuestionario dirigido a conocer el nivel de conocimiento sobre la indicación de IC en personas con hipoacusia. Este cuestionario recogía información demográfica de los encuestados y conocimientos sobre aspectos como indicaciones convencionales y emergentes de los IC, características técnicas de los IC y resultados en la población implantada.ResultadosUn total de 222 especialistas españoles en Otorrinolaringología respondieron el cuestionario (10,29% de la muestra encuestada).ConclusionesUn 50% de los encuestados mostraron unos conocimientos medios-altos sobre IC. Datos epidemiológicos sugieren que un alto porcentaje de adultos con sorderas poslocutivas candidatos a un IC no son referidos para tratamiento. El desconocimiento de los criterios para la indicación de IC por parte de los especialistas en Otorrinolaringología puede contribuir a una inadecuada orientación de los pacientes potencialmente candidatos a un IC. Las mayores deficiencias se encontraron en las indicaciones más emergentes de un IC. Dentro de los profesionales de la Otorrinolaringología los mayores conocimientos sobre IC se concentraron en aquellos que trabajaban en hospitales terciarios, especializados en Otología y Otoneurología, y desempeñaban su actividad laboral en el sector público y privado. Este estudio sugiere la conveniencia de incrementar acciones formativas sobre IC en los profesionales de la Otorrinolaringología, especialmente para otorrinolaringólogos generales.IntroductionThis study aims to analyse the knowledge of cochlear implant (CI) candidacy criteria of otorhinolaryngology specialists in Spain, and from the results, consider whether it is necessary to implement training measures aimed at improving knowledge in this area.Material and methodsA questionnaire was designed for measuring the level of knowledge of cochlear implant candidacy criteria (CI) in people with hearing loss. The questionnaire collected the demographic data of the respondents and their knowledge on the conventional and emergency indications for CI, technical characteristics of CI and results in the implanted population.ResultsA total of 222 Spanish specialists in otorhinolaryngology answered the questionnaire (10.29% of the sample surveyed).ConclusionsThe 50% of all respondents showed a medium-high knowledge about CI. Epidemiological data suggest that a high percentage of adults with postlocutive deafness and candidates for a CI are not referred for treatment. The lack of knowledge about the criteria for the indication of CI by otorhinolaryngology specialists may contribute to inadequate guidance of patients who are potential candidates for CI. The greatest shortcomings are found in the most emergency indications for a CI. Among otorhinolaryngology professionals, the greatest knowledge about CI is found in those who work in tertiary hospitals in the areas of otology and otoneurology, either in the public or private sector. This study suggests that training on CI should be increased for otorhinolaryngology professionals, especially for general otorhinolaryngologists.

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Maxillary hydatid cyst

Publication date: Available online 30 August 2017
Source:Acta Otorrinolaringológica Española
Author(s): Satvinder Singh Bakshi, Roopa Urs

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Tumore del pancreas, il tuo smartphone riesce a vederlo con un selfie - News Italiane

News Italiane

Tumore del pancreas, il tuo smartphone riesce a vederlo con un selfie
News Italiane
Nei prossimi anni, la tecnologia "rischia" di rivoluzionare la medicina. Biliscreen, una innovazione progettata per rilevare il cancro pancreatico conferma questa tendenza: l'applicazione è infatti in grado di rilevare la presenza di cancro in fase ...

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Daiichi Sankyo Enters Licensing Agreement with Boston Pharmaceuticals for Highly Selective RET Inhibitor for Solid ... - Drug Discovery & Development

Drug Discovery & Development

Daiichi Sankyo Enters Licensing Agreement with Boston Pharmaceuticals for Highly Selective RET Inhibitor for Solid ...
Drug Discovery & Development
RET rearrangements and activating mutations are associated with several types of cancer, including non-small cell lung cancer, colorectal cancer and thyroid cancer.1,2,3. Under the terms of the agreement, Daiichi Sankyo grants Boston Pharmaceuticals ...

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Pharmacokinetics of Cromolyn and Ibuprofen in Healthy Elderly Volunteers

Abstract

Background and Objectives

The combination of cromolyn and ibuprofen is being investigated as a treatment for early Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study investigated the pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of cromolyn and ibuprofen co-administration in healthy elderly adult volunteers.

Methods

In this open-labeled study, 26 subjects, aged 55–75 years, received co-administration of inhaled cromolyn (single dose 17.1 mg; double dose 34.2 mg total) and oral ibuprofen (single dose 10 mg; double dose 20 mg total). Blood sampling was performed for 6 h after co-administration in all subjects; cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was collected in three to four subjects per cohort for 4 h following co-administration. Safety parameters, including adverse events (AEs), were monitored throughout the study.

Results

For cromolyn, the mean (±SD) maximum observed concentration (C _max) in plasma was 46.69 ± 32.97 and 96.75 ± 46.22 ng/ml after single- and double-dose inhalation, respectively [time to C _max (t _max) ~22 min for each; terminal elimination half-life (t _½) ~1.8 h for each]. For ibuprofen, the plasma C _max was 1090.98 ± 474.64 ng/ml and 2062.96 ± 655.13 ng/ml after single- and double-dose oral administration, respectively (t _max ~1.6–1.8 h; t _½ ~1.9 h for each). For cromolyn, the CSF C _max was 0.24 ± 0.08 ng/ml at 3.72 ± 0.70 h after single-dose administration and 0.34 ± 0.17 ng/ml at 3.45 ± 0.95 h after double-dose administration, and for ibuprofen, the CSF C _max was 3.94 ± 1.29 ng/ml at 2.55 ± 0.96 h after single-dose administration and 8.93 ± 3.29 ng/ml at 3.15 ± 1.05 h after double-dose administration. Three (12%) subjects reported mild or moderate AEs which were unlikely to be related to study drug.

Conclusions

The combination of cromolyn and ibuprofen was safe and well tolerated. The concentrations of cromolyn and ibuprofen observed in the CSF are considered sufficient to titrate the estimated daily amyloid production and the associated inflammatory response in patients with AD.

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Talk about a tongue-twister: Mattress Mick gets competitive with US counterpart Mattress Mack - Independent.ie

Independent.ie

Talk about a tongue-twister: Mattress Mick gets competitive with US counterpart Mattress Mack
Independent.ie
Talk about a tongue-twister: Mattress Mick gets competitive with US counterpart Mattress Mack. Taking the Mick: Mattress king. Photo: Steve .... Irish teen undergoing cancer treatment in the US begs public to give blood as... An Irish teenager who is ...

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Irish teen undergoing cancer treatment in the US begs public to give blood as transfusions are rationed during Hurricane - Independent.ie

Independent.ie

Irish teen undergoing cancer treatment in the US begs public to give blood as transfusions are rationed during Hurricane
Independent.ie
An Irish teenager who is receiving specialist treatment for cancer in the US has revealed that her blood transfusions are being rationed during Hurricane Harvey. ... Talk about a tongue-twister: Mattress Mick gets competitive with US counterpart.

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Lego-like vacuum robot climbs walls and sorts your Tupperware

The first robots in your home probably won't look like Terminator, instead they'll be little odd-job loving plug-and-play suckers like these ones

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Lego-like vacuum robot climbs walls and sorts your Tupperware

A novel HIF-1[small alpha]/VMP1-Autophagic Pathway Induces Resistance to Photodynamic Therapy in Colon Cancer Cells.

Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2017, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/C7PP00161D, Paper

Matias Exequiel Exequiel Rodriguez, Cintia Betiana Catrinacio, Alejandro Ropolo, Viviana Alicia Rivarola, Maria Ines Vaccaro
Colon cancer is the third most frequent cancer and the fourth most common cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide and the standard therapy is surgical resection plus adjuvant chemotherapy. Photodynamic therapy...
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry

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G6PD plays a neuroprotective role in brain ischemia through promoting pentose phosphate pathway

Publication date: November 2017
Source:Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Volume 112
Author(s): Lijuan Cao, Dingmei Zhang, Jieyu Chen, Yuan-Yuan Qin, Rui Sheng, Xing Feng, Zhong Chen, Yuqiang Ding, Mei Li, Zheng-Hong Qin
TIGAR-regulated pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) plays a critical role in the neuronal survival during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is a rate-limiting enzyme in PPP and thus, we hypothesized that it plays an essential role in anti-oxidative defense through producing NADPH. The present study investigated the regulation and the role of G6PD in ischemia/reperfusion-induced neuronal injury with in vivo and in vitro models of ischemic stroke. The results showed that the levels of G6PD mRNA and protein were increased after ischemia/reperfusion. In vivo, lentivirus-mediated G6PD overexpression in mice markedly reduced neuronal damage after ischemia/reperfusion insult, while lentivirus-mediated G6PD knockdown exacerbated it. In vitro, overexpression of G6PD in cultured primary neurons decreased neuronal injury under oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) condition, whereas knockdown of G6PD aggravated it. Overexpression of G6PD increased levels of NADPH and reduced form of glutathione (rGSH), and ameliorated ROS-induced macromolecular damage. On the contrary, knockdown of G6PD executed the opposite effects in mice and in primary neurons. Supplementation of exogenous NADPH alleviated the detrimental effects of G6PD knockdown, whereas further enhanced the beneficial effects of G6PD overexpression in ischemic injury. Therefore, our results suggest that G6PD protects ischemic brain injury through increasing PPP. Thus G6PD may be considered as potential therapeutic target for treatment of ischemic brain injury.

Graphical abstract

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Peroxiredoxin-2 plays a pivotal role as multimodal cytoprotector in the early phase of pulmonary hypertension

Publication date: November 2017
Source:Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Volume 112
Author(s): Enrica Federti, Alessandro Matté, Alessandra Ghigo, Immacolata Andolfo, Cimino James, Angela Siciliano, Christophe Leboeuf, Anne Janin, Francesco Manna, Soo Young Choi, Achille Iolascon, Elisabetta Beneduce, Davide Melisi, Dae Won Kim, Sonia Levi, Lucia De Franceschi
Pulmonary-artery-hypertension (PAH) is a life-threatening and highly invalidating chronic disorder. Chronic oxidation contributes to lung damage and disease progression. Peroxiredoxin-2 (Prx2) is a typical 2-cysteine (Cys) peroxiredoxin but its role on lung homeostasis is yet to be fully defined. Here, we showed that Prx2^-/- mice displayed chronic lung inflammatory disease associated with (i) abnormal pulmonary vascular dysfunction; and (ii) increased markers of extracellular-matrix remodeling. Hypoxia was used to induce PAH. We focused on the early phase PAH to dissect the role of Prx2 in generation of PAH. Hypoxic Prx2^-/-mice showed (i) amplified inflammatory response combined with cytokine storm; (ii) vascular activation and dysfunction; (iii) increased PDGF-B lung levels, as marker of extracellular-matrix deposition and remodeling; and (iv) ER stress with activation of UPR system and autophagy. Rescue experiments with in vivo the administration of fused-recombinant-PEP-Prx2 show a reduction in pulmonary inflammatory vasculopathy and in ER stress with down-regulation of autophagy. Thus, we propose Prx2 plays a pivotal role in the early stage of PAH as multimodal cytoprotector, targeting oxidation, inflammatory vasculopathy and ER stress with inhibition of autophagy. Collectively, our data indicate that Prx2 is able to interrupt the hypoxia induced vicious cycle involving oxidation-inflammation-autophagy in the pathogenesis of PAH.

Graphical abstract

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NADPH oxidases as drug targets and biomarkers in neurodegenerative diseases: What is the evidence?

Publication date: November 2017
Source:Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Volume 112
Author(s): Silvia Sorce, Roland Stocker, Tamara Seredenina, Rikard Holmdahl, Adriano Aguzzi, Adriano Chio, Antoine Depaulis, Freddy Heitz, Peter Olofsson, Tomas Olsson, Venceslas Duveau, Despina Sanoudou, Sara Skosgater, Antonia Vlahou, Dominique Wasquel, Karl-Heinz Krause, Vincent Jaquet
Neurodegenerative disease are frequently characterized by microglia activation and/or leukocyte infiltration in the parenchyma of the central nervous system and at the molecular level by increased oxidative modifications of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. NADPH oxidases (NOX) emerged as a novel promising class of pharmacological targets for the treatment of neurodegeneration due to their role in oxidant generation and presumably in regulating microglia activation. The unique function of NOX is the generation of superoxide anion (O2^•–) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). However in the context of neuroinflammation, they present paradoxical features since O2^•–/H2O2 generated by NOX and/or secondary reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from O2^•–/H2O2 can either lead to neuronal oxidative damage or resolution of inflammation. The role of NOX enzymes has been investigated in many models of neurodegenerative diseases by using either genetic or pharmacological approaches. In the present review we provide a critical assessment of recent findings related to the role of NOX in the CNS as well as how the field has advanced over the last 5 years. In particular, we focus on the data derived from the work of a consortium (Neurinox) funded by the European Commission's Programme 7 (FP7). We discuss the evidence gathered from animal models and human samples linking NOX expression/activity with neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease as well as autoimmune demyelinating diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS) and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). We address the possibility to use measurement of the activity of the NOX2 isoform in blood samples as biomarker of disease severity and treatment efficacy in neurodegenerative disease. Finally we clarify key controversial aspects in the field of NOX, such as NOX cellular expression in the brain, measurement of NOX activity, impact of genetic deletion of NOX in animal models of neurodegeneration and specificity of NOX inhibitors.

Graphical abstract

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Ellagic acid antagonizes Bnip3-mediated mitochondrial injury and necrotic cell death of cardiac myocytes

Publication date: November 2017
Source:Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Volume 112
Author(s): Abhinav Dhingra, Rahul Jayas, Pegah Afshar, Matthew Guberman, Graham Maddaford, Johnathan Gerstein, Brooke Lieberman, Hilary Nepon, Victoria Margulets, Rimpy Dhingra, Lorrie A. Kirshenbaum
The Bcl-2 protein Bnip3 is crucial for provoking oxidative injury to mitochondria following anthracycline treatment or ischemia-reperfusion injury. Herein, we investigate the effects of the polyphenolic compound ellagic acid (EA) on Bnip3 mediated mitochondrial injury and necrotic cell death in cardiac myocytes. In contrast to vehicle treated cardiomyocytes, Bnip3 was highly enriched in mitochondrial fractions of cardiac myocytes treated with the anthracycline doxorubicin or in cells subjected to hypoxia (HPX). Mitochondrial associated Bnip3 was accompanied by mPTP opening and loss of ∆Ψm. The dynamin related fission protein Drp-1 was phosphorylated (Drp1⁶¹⁶) and coincided with excessive mitochondrial fragmentation, mitophagy and necrosis in cardiac myocytes treated with doxorubicin or subjected to hypoxia. Moreover, knock-down of Bnip3 was sufficient to prevent mitochondrial fission and doxorubicin-induced cell death supporting the involvement of Bnip3 in doxorubicin cardiotoxity. Interestingly, mitochondrial associated Bnip3 in cells treated with doxorubicin was markedly reduced by EA. This resulted in significantly less mitochondrial fission and cell death. Notably, EA similarly suppressed mitochondrial injury and cell death induced by hypoxia or Bnip3 over-expression. Herein, we identify a novel signaling axis that operationally links EA and Bnip3 for suppression of cardiac cell death. We provide compelling new evidence that EA suppresses mitochondrial injury and necrotic cell death of cardiac myocytes by functionally abrogating Bnip3 activity. Hence, by suppressing mitochondrial injury induced by Bnip3, EA may provide a therapeutic advantage in reducing oxidative injury and cardiac dysfunction in cancer patients undergoing anthracycline treatment or individuals with ischemic cardiac stress.

Graphical abstract

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Advanced glycation end products receptor RAGE controls myocardial dysfunction and oxidative stress in high-fat fed mice by sustaining mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy-lysosome pathway

Publication date: November 2017
Source:Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Volume 112
Author(s): Yichi Yu, Lei Wang, Florian Delguste, Arthur Durand, Axel Guilbaud, Clementine Rousselin, Ann Marie Schmidt, Frédéric Tessier, Eric Boulanger, Remi Neviere
Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are recognized as major contributors of cardiovascular damage in diabetes and high fat diet (HFD) fed mice. Blockade of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) attenuates vascular oxidative stress and development of atherosclerosis. We tested whether HFD-induced myocardial dysfunction would be reversed in RAGE deficiency mice, in association with changes in oxidative stress damage, mitochondrial respiration, mitochondrial fission and autophagy-lysosomal pathway. Cardiac antioxidant capacity was upregulated in RAGE⁻/⁻ mice under normal diet as evidenced by increased superoxide dismutase and sirtuin mRNA expressions. Mitochondrial fragmentation and mitochondrial fission protein Drp1 and Fis1 expressions were increased in RAGE⁻/⁻ mice. Autophagy-related protein expressions and cathepsin-L activity were increased in RAGE⁻/⁻ mice suggesting sustained autophagy-lysosomal flux. HFD induced mitochondrial respiration defects, cardiac contractile dysfunction, disrupted mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy inhibition, which were partially prevented in RAGE⁻/⁻ mice. Our results suggest that cardioprotection against HFD in RAGE⁻/⁻ mice include reactivation of autophagy, as inhibition of autophagic flux by chloroquine fully abrogated beneficial myocardial effects and its stimulation by rapamycin improved myocardial function in HFD wild type mice. As mitochondrial fission is necessary to mitophagy, increased fragmentation of mitochondrial network in HFD RAGE⁻/⁻ mice may have facilitated removal of damaged mitochondria leading to better mitochondrial quality control. In conclusion, modulation of RAGE pathway may improve mitochondrial damage and myocardial dysfunction in HFD mice. Attenuation of cardiac oxidative stress and maintenance of healthy mitochondria population ensuring adequate energy supply may be involved in myocardial protection against HFD.

Graphical abstract

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Hydrogen sulfide-producing cystathionine γ-lyase is critical in the progression of kidney fibrosis

Publication date: November 2017
Source:Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Volume 112
Author(s): Sang Jun Han, Mi Ra Noh, Jung-Min Jung, Isao Ishii, Jeongsoo Yoo, Jee In Kim, Kwon Moo Park
Cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), the last key enzyme of the transsulfuration pathway, is involved in the production of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and glutathione (GSH), which regulate redox balance and act as important antioxidant molecules. Impairment of the H2S- and GSH-mediated antioxidant system is associated with the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD), characterized by kidney fibrosis and dysfunction. Here, we evaluated the role of CSE in the progression of kidney fibrosis after unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) using mice deficient in the Cse gene. UUO of wild-type mice reduced the expression of H2S-producing enzymes, CSE, cystathionine β-synthase, and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase in the obstructed kidneys, resulting in decreased H2S and GSH levels. Cse gene deletion lowered H2S and GSH levels in the kidneys. Deleting the Cse gene exacerbated the decrease in H2S and GSH levels and increase in superoxide formation and oxidative damage to proteins, lipids, and DNA in the kidneys after UUO, which were accompanied by greater kidney fibrosis, deposition of extracellular matrixes, expression of α-smooth muscle actin, tubular damage, and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Furthermore, Cse gene deletion exacerbated mitochondrial fragmentation and apoptosis of renal tubule cells after UUO. The data provided herein constitute in vivo evidence that Cse deficiency impairs renal the H2S- and GSH-producing activity and exacerbates UUO-induced kidney fibrosis. These data propose a novel therapeutic approach against CKD by regulating CSE and the transsulfuration pathway.

Graphical abstract

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Dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid (DMPS) induces metaphase II mouse oocyte deterioration

Publication date: November 2017
Source:Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Volume 112
Author(s): Sarah R. Aldhaheri, Roohi Jeelani, Hamid-Reza Kohan-Ghadr, Sana N. Khan, Sasha Mikhael, Christina Washington, Robert T. Morris, Husam M. Abu-Soud
In light of the recent lead contamination of the water in Flint, Michigan and its potential adverse outcomes, much research and media attention has turned towards the safety profile of commonly used chelators. Dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid (DMPS) typically used in the treatment of lead, mercury and arsenic poisoning also displays a high affinity towards transition metals such as zinc and copper, essential for biological functioning. It is given in series of dosages (0.2–0.4g/day) over a long period, and has the ability to enter cells. In this work, we investigated the mechanism through which increasing concentrations of DMPS alter oocyte quality as judged by changes in microtubule morphology (MT) and chromosomal alignment (CH) of metaphase II mice oocyte. The oocytes were directly exposed to increasing concentration of DMPS (10, 25, 50, 100 and 300μM) for four hours (time of peak plasma concentration after administration) and reactive oxygen species (mainly hydroxyl radical and superoxide) and zinc content were measured. This data showed DMPS plays an important role in deterioration of oocyte quality through a mechanism involving zinc deficiency and enhancement of reactive oxygen species a major contributor to oocyte damage. Our current work, for the first time, demonstrates the possibility of DMPS to negatively impact fertility. This finding can not only help in counseling reproductive age patients undergoing such treatment but also in the development of potential therapies to alleviate oxidative damage and preserve fertility in people receiving heavy metal chelators.

Graphical abstract

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Efficacy of a Surfactant-based Wound Dressing on Biofilm Control

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of both a non-antimicrobial and antimicrobial (1% silver sulfadiazine - SSD) surfactant-based wound dressing in the control of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus sp, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus and meticillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) biofilms. Anti-biofilm efficacy was evaluated in numerous adapted American Standards for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard biofilm models and other bespoke biofilm models. The ASTM standard models employed included the MBEC biofilm model (ASTM E2799) and the CDC biofilm reactor model (ASTM 2871). Such bespoke biofilm models included the filter biofilm model and the chamberslide biofilm model. Results showed complete kill of microorganisms within a biofilm using the antimicrobial surfactant-based wound dressing. Interestingly, the non-antimicrobial surfactant-based dressing could disrupt existing biofilms by causing biofilm detachment. Prior to biofilm detachment, we demonstrated, using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), the dispersive effect of the non-antimicrobial surfactant-based wound dressing on the biofilm within 10 minutes of treatment. Furthermore, the non-antimicrobial surfactant-based wound dressing caused an increase in microbial flocculation/aggregation, important for microbial concentration. In conclusion, this non-antimicrobial surfactant-based wound dressing leads to the effective detachment and dispersion of in vitro biofilms. The use of surfactant-based wound dressings in a clinical setting may help to disrupt existing biofilm from wound tissue and may increase the action of antimicrobial treatment. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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The Wound-QoL Questionnaire on Quality of Life in Chronic Wounds is Highly Reliable

Abstract

The Wound-QoL questionnaire has been tested in a previous study, indicating that the instrument is a reliable and valid measurement for the assessment of HRQoL in chronic wounds. The aim of this study was to examine the test-retest reliability of the Wound-QoL. Patients were asked to complete the Wound-QoL twice within 3-7 days. Next to descriptive statistics, internal consistency was determined. Test re-test reliability was calculated with the intraclass correlation coefficient. The data showed ICCs between 0.79 and 0.86, which can be considered evidence of excellent reliability. Another indicator of very good reliability, high internal consistency of both global score and subscale scores were found. The availability of the Wound-QoL provides a step forward in allowing measurement of the HRQoL in chronic wounds. The instrument is fit for use to measure outcomes in clinical trials and as well to assess treatment outcomes in routine practice. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Status of Wound Management in Korea

Abstract

In spite of a period of intense economic, social, and political hardship following the Korean War, the Republic of Korea has made great strides in economic growth over the past half century, and also remarkable progress in the medical field. However, wound research has been slow to take off in South Korea. Meanwhile, as is the case in many countries in Western Europe and North America, South Korea is seeing a steady increase in its aged population. The growth in the geriatric population has in turn brought on more cases of chronic wounds. Though South Korea only began to recognize the importance of wound management in the early 2000s, it was fortunate enough to have sophisticated related industries, such as biotechnology and information technology, and brilliant, industrious, and eager wound researchers, contributing to rapid development of the field. The country has particular strengths in research for innovative cell-based treatments and products for managing wounds. Notwithstanding government policy ill-equipped to sufficiently support such advancement, better communication between experts and public officials will no doubt bring forth even more achievements in this very promising field. It is in this context that this article aims to summarize current wound management practices, research, training, product development, and government policies regarding wound management in South Korea as of the year 2017. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Profiling of Glycan Alterations in Regrowing Limb Tissues of Cynops orientalis

Abstract

Glycans are known to play important roles in molecular recognition, cell-cell adhesion, molecular trafficking, receptor activation and signal transduction during development and regeneration. Despite numerous investigations of regenerating salamander limbs, global analysis of the precise variation of glycans during the limb regeneration process has received little attention. Here, we have used lectin microarrays and lectin histochemistry to analyze the alterations and distribution of glycans during the early stages leading to blastema formation during Cynops orientalis limb regeneration in response to limb amputation. Compared with the control group, analysis at several time points (3, 7, and 14 days post-amputation) using microarrays containing 37 lectins showed that limb tissues expressed significantly different complements of glycans recognized by 9 different lectins. Post-amputation limb tissues showed higher expression of two glycan structures recognized by the lectins STL and LTL and lower expression of seven glycan structures recognized by PHA-E, MAL-I, SNA, UEA-I, PHA-E+L, VVA and GNA. We also observed significant changes in glycans specifically at 7 days post-amputation, including higher binding capacity by WFA, GSL-I and NPA and lower binding capacity by PNA, HHL, ConA, LCA, GSL-II, and PWM. Next, we validated our lectin microarray data by using lectin histochemistry in limb tissues. Glycans recognized by STL and GNA showed similar changes in signal intensity to those found in the lectin microarrays, with STL staining in the cytoplasm and GNA in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Our findings are the first report of significant post-amputation changes in glycans in limb tissues and suggest that those glycans perform potentially important functions during the early stages of C. orientalis limb regeneration. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Toll-like receptor 5 and 7 expression may impact prognosis of HPV-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients

Abstract

A large subset of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCCs) is associated with HPV infection and has better outcome than non-viral-related tumors. Various malignancies also carry a role for TLRs, key activators of inflammation and innate immunity. We examined the expression of TLRs in OPSCC, and their association with HPV status and treatment outcome. TLR 5, 7, 9, and p16 were studied by immunohistochemistry and HPV status was detected with in situ hybridization in 202 tumors of consecutively treated OPSCC patients using tissue microarray method. The relations between TLR expression and HPV status, p16 expression, clinicopathological factors, and survival were analyzed. TLR 5, 7, and 9 expression patterns differed between HPV-positive and -negative tumors, and they were statistically significantly associated with history of smoking, heavy drinking, tumor site, grade, size (T), metastasis (N), and stage. Moreover, in HPV-positive tumors the expression of TLR 5 and 7 correlated with tumor recurrence. After adjustment, among HPV-positive OPSCC patients, high TLR 5 and low TLR 7 expression were associated with poor disease-specific survival. Our results indicate that TLR 5 and 7 may have a role in the prognostication of HPV-positive OPSCC, however, further studies are needed to clarify the comprehensive role of these TLRs in OPSCC.

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Plotting how tumours infiltrate and co-opt blood supplies for energy and nutrients may reveal target opportunities… https://t.co/vTy7LGTfwR

Plotting how tumours infiltrate and co-opt blood supplies for energy and nutrients may reveal target opportunities… https://t.co/vTy7LGTfwR

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Weird ancient burst of light in the sky turns out to be a nova

Six centuries ago, Korean astronomers recorded a bright spot in the night sky. A 25-year hunt for that star has settled a debate about how classical novae behave

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Is donating your DNA to the NHS worth the privacy risks?

NHS England's national DNA database could improve the health of millions of people, but concerns over privacy could easily scupper the project's success

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Human blood and skin cells used to treat Parkinson’s in monkeys

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For the first time, stem cells from adults rather than embryos have relieved Parkinson's symptoms in monkeys. A trial is now being prepared for people

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