Risk factors of pediatric tinnitus: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectives/Hypothesis

Medications for pediatric tinnitus are not widely used due to a lack of evidence-based information. The modification of risk factors is essential in pediatric tinnitus; however, there is a lack of systematic reviews despite several reports on risk factors. This study performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of available literature to evaluate risk factors of pediatric tinnitus.

Methods

Studies reporting the risk factors of pediatric tinnitus were systematically reviewed by searching the MEDLINE, PubMed, and Embase databases for studies published from database inception to 2016. The selected articles included clinical or epidemiological studies conducted with at least 50 subjects and at least one risk factor, including age, gender, hearing loss, noise exposure, or smoking.

Results

Eleven studies involving a total of 28,358 individuals were identified. Increased age was not a significant risk factor with a standardized median difference of 0.16 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.01 to 0.33). However, there was a significant correlation between increased age and tinnitus in the adolescent population. The odds ratio (OR) was 1.37 for female gender (95% CI: 1.17 to 1.60), 2.39 for hearing loss (95% CI: 1.48 to 3.87), and 11.35 for noise exposure (95% CI: 1.87 to 68.77). Two studies in adolescents showed statistical significance for smoking as a risk factor in developing tinnitus (OR: 6.05, 95% CI: 1.81 to 20.21).

Conclusions

Older-aged adolescents, as well as those who are females and those with hearing loss may have a higher risk of tinnitus. Noise exposure in the general pediatric population and smoking in adolescents may represent especially important risk factors in pediatric tinnitus. Laryngoscope, 2017

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Adult normative data for phonatory aerodynamics in connected speech

Objectives/Hypothesis

To establish normative values for phonatory aerodynamic measurements in connected speech across adult ages and gender.

Study Design

Prospective data collection across group design.

Methods

One hundred fifty adults aged >18 years without voice complaints were stratified into three equal-age groups (group 1 [ages 18–39 years]; group 2 [ages 40–59 years], and group 3 [ages 60 + years]) and two equal-gender groups (male and female) resulting in 25 participants in each category. Participants read the first four sentences of the Rainbow Passage at comfortable pitch and loudness to obtain a connected speech sample. The following dependent variables were analyzed: breath number, reading passage duration, mean phonatory airflow, inspiratory airflow duration, and expiratory airflow duration.

Results

A gender effect was found for mean phonatory airflow, with males showing significantly greater phonatory airflow than females during connected speech (P < .001). Number of breaths was significantly greater for group 3 than group 2 (P < .001) and group 1 (P < .001). Duration, and inspiratory and expiratory airflow durations were all significantly greater for group 3 (P < .001) than group 2 (P < .001) than group 1 (P < .001).

Conclusions

This study provides normative data for phonatory aerodynamics in adult connected speech. Significant age and gender effects were observed. Laryngoscope, 2017

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Dentist Office Donates Halloween Candy To Troops

The day after Halloween, Laura Muchnick's children won't trade Halloween candy with their friends. They'll trade it with their dentist.

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Response to Letter to the Editor Regarding “Accuracy of Ultrasonography and Computed Tomography in the Evaluation of Patients Undergoing Sialendoscopy for Sialolithiasis”

Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Volume 157, Issue 5, Page 911-911, November 2017.


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Response to “In Reference to ‘The Effect of Montelukast on Mild Persistent OSA after Adenotonsillectomy in Children: A Preliminary Study’”

Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Volume 157, Issue 5, Page 909-910, November 2017.


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In Reference to “The Effect of Montelukast on Mild Persistent OSA after Adenotonsillectomy in Children: A Preliminary Study”

Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Volume 157, Issue 5, Page 909-909, November 2017.


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Regarding “Accuracy of Ultrasonography and Computed Tomography in the Evaluation of Patients Undergoing Sialendoscopy for Sialolithiasis”

Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Volume 157, Issue 5, Page 910-911, November 2017.


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Highlights from the Current Issue: November 2017

Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Volume 157, Issue 5, Page 743-744, November 2017.


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Additive naftopidil treatment synergizes docetaxel-induced apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells

Abstract

Purpose

Docetaxel (DTX) is a standard chemotherapeutic drug for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), although adverse events are common. To overcome this problem, researchers have evaluated the efficacy of DTX treatment in combination with other drugs. Naftopidil is a tubulin-binding drug with fewer adverse events, implying the usefulness of this drug in clinical applications when combined with DTX. Here, we investigated the efficacy of additive naftopidil treatment in combination with DTX on prostate cancer (PCa) cells.

Methods

The effects of combination treatment with DTX plus naftopidil were analyzed using two animal models of LNCaP cells plus PrSC xenografts (sub-renal capsule grafting) and PC-3 xenografts (intratibial injection).

Results

Combination treatment with DTX plus naftopidil significantly inhibited cell growth in LNCaP cells compared with DTX alone. Analysis of the cooperativity index (CI) showed that combination treatment exhibited additive effects on DTX-induced growth inhibition in LNCaP cells. In contrast, combination treatment showed more than an additive (synergistic) effect on DTX-induced apoptosis in LNCaP and PC-3 cells. In LNCaP cells plus PrSC xenografts, combination treatment showed synergistic effects on DTX-induced apoptosis. The synergistic effects of naftopidil on DTX-induced apoptosis were also observed in PC-3 xenografts.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrated that additive naftopidil treatment in combination with DTX increased the efficacy of DTX for the treatment of LNCaP and PC-3 tumors in vivo. Thus, additive naftopidil treatment showed a synergistic effect on DTX-induced apoptosis in PCa cells in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that this treatment approach may yield improved clinical benefits compared with DTX alone.

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Interleukin-33 promotes the inflammatory reaction in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps by NF-κB signaling pathway

OBJECTIVE: Interleukin (IL)-33 promotes T helper (Th2) immune response and may be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Using murine and human specimens, we evaluated the role of IL-33 in CRSwNP.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: To establish CRSwNP, Balb/c mice were sensitized with house dust mite, followed up by intranasal exposure to Staphylococcus aureus to stimulate the inflammatory response of nasal mucosa. The hematoxylin-eosin staining and total serum IgE were used to the successful construction of CRSwNP model. For mechanistic studies, we blocked mice with IL-33 and the Th2 cells counts in tissue were detected. Th2 cytokine expression of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-22, CCL-11, and CCL-24 in control group, CRSwNP group and IL-33 blockade group at 12 weeks after CRSwNP model establishment, were analyzed by qRT-PCR. Meanwhile, the relative mRNA and protein expression levels of NF-κB, MyD88 and TLR7 were detected after IL-33 blockade. To document the inflammatory response in patients with CRSwNP, The relative mRNA expression of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-22, CCL-11, and CCL-24 in control individuals and patients with CRSwNP (chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps) were analyzed by qRT-PCR.

RESULTS: The CRSwNP model was successfully constructed. After IL-33 blocked, the relative expression of IL-33 and Th2 cells counts were reduced significantly. CRSwNP mice showed overproduction of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-22, CCL-11, and CCL-24 and IL-33 blockade inhibited the expression of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-22, CCL-11, and CCL-24. Furthermore, IL-33 blockade decreased the mRNA levels of NF-κB, MyD88 and TLR7, and also restrained the protein expression of them. On the other hand, patients' specimens with CRSwNP showed high levels of Th2 cytokines including IL-33, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-22, CCL-11, and CCL-24.

CONCLUSIONS: CRSwNP is associated with overexpression of IL-33, with subsequent activation of Th2 immune response by NF-κB signaling pathway.

L'articolo Interleukin-33 promotes the inflammatory reaction in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps by NF-κB signaling pathway sembra essere il primo su European Review.

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Rescue therapy with bismuth quadruple regimen in patients with Helicobacter pylori -resistant strains

Abstract

Background

Bismuth quadruple therapy (BQT) is the recommended rescue therapy for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of a 10-day BQT regimen in patients who failed previous therapies and were infected with multiresistant H. pylori strains

Materials and methods

Helicobacter pylori-infected patients underwent endoscopy, culture, and susceptibility test for clarithromycin, metronidazole, and levofloxacin. Treatment with three-in-one capsule (Pylera®) four times daily and esomeprazole 20 mg twice daily for 10 days was administered. Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were registered.

Results

A total of 116 patients with persistent H. pylori infection following at least one eradication therapy attempt were treated. Overall, resistance toward clarithromycin was detected in 80% of strains, toward metronidazole in 70%, and levofloxacin in 47.5%, with dual or triple resistance in 72.5% of cases. An eradication rate of 81.0% (95% CI: 73.0-87.1) and 87.0% (95% CI: 79.4-92.1) at ITT and PP analyses, respectively, was achieved. The cure rate remained high until it was used as fourth-line regimen, while it dropped to low values (<67%) in those patients with more than 4 therapy failures. A total of 65.7% (95% CI: 56.4-74.0) patients complained of TEAEs.

Conclusions

Our data found that bismuth-based quadruple regimen is effective as rescue therapy for curing patients infected with multiresistant H. pylori strains.

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Assigning historic responsibility for extreme weather events

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Marsh vulnerability to sea-level rise

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Climate adaptation: International governance

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Renewable energy: Sea breeze

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Media coverage: Portraying indigenous peoples

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Quantifying the economic risks of climate change

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Spreading like wildfire

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Reply to 'Marsh vulnerability to sea-level rise'

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Hydroclimate: Extreme rain in India

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Towards process-informed bias correction of climate change simulations

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Reaching the vertical versus horizontal target position in multi-segmental Le Fort I osteotomy is more difficult, but yields comparably stable results to one-segment osteotomy

This retrospective cohort study evaluated the postoperative outcomes of preoperatively planned positional changes for Le Fort I osteotomy in 77 patients (average age 26.6 years). Movement relapse and planning accuracy were evaluated by lateral cephalometric analysis, with an average follow-up of 257 days. In one-segment osteotomy cases, 73% of the horizontal movements were positioned within 2mm of the surgical plan. With posterior –inferior repositioning of the maxilla, results fell within 2mm of the prescribed plan in 60% of cases. (Source: International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery)

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Shear Wave Elastography in Thyroid Nodules with Indeterminate Cytology: Results of a Prospective Bicentric Study

Thyroid Nov 2017, Vol. 27, No. 11: 1441-1449.


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Low Malignancy Rates in Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytologies in a Primary Care Setting in Germany

Thyroid Nov 2017, Vol. 27, No. 11: 1385-1392.


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The 2017 Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology

Thyroid Nov 2017, Vol. 27, No. 11: 1341-1346.


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Future Meetings

Thyroid Nov 2017, Vol. 27, No. 11: 1461-1461.


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Contribution of 3D printing to mandibular reconstruction after cancer

Publication date: Available online 1 November 2017
Source:European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Diseases
Author(s): A. Dupret-Bories, S. Vergez, T. Meresse, F. Brouillet, G. Bertrand
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is booming in the medical field. This technology increases the possibilities of personalized treatment for patients, while lowering manufacturing costs. To facilitate mandibular reconstruction with fibula free flap, some companies propose cutting guides obtained by CT-guided moulding. However, these guides are prohibitively expensive (€2,000 to €6,000). Based on a partnership with the CNRS, engineering students and a biomedical company, the authors have developed cutting guides and 3D-printed mandible templates, deliverable in 7days and at a lower cost. The novelty of this project is the speed of product development at a significantly lower price. In this technical note, the authors describe the logistic chain of production of mandible templates and cutting guides, as well as the results obtained. The goal is to allow access to this technology to all patients in the near future.



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Prognostic factors for parotid metastasis of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck

Publication date: Available online 1 November 2017
Source:European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Diseases
Author(s): C. Bobin, P. Ingrand, B. Dréno, E. Rio, O. Malard, F. Espitalier
BackgroundCutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) develops on the head in 80% of cases. Parotid metastasis (PM) is rare, but treatment, which associates surgery and radiation therapy, is heavy and prognosis poor.Material and methodsAll cases of parotidectomy for PM of CSCC of the head and neck between 2005 and 2015 were studied retrospectively. Epidemiologic, oncologic and therapeutic data were analyzed. Overall and specific survival were calculated following Kaplan-Meier. Log-rank and Cox models were used to identify prognostic factors for PM.ObjectivesThe principal study objective was to identify factors for survival in PM from CSCC of the head and neck.ResultsThirty-five patients were included. Mean time to onset of PM was 13months. Overall 1-, 2- and 5-year survival was respectively 70, 66 and 59%. Independent prognostic factors comprised immunodepression, age at treatment, positive CSCC margins, macroscopic facial nerve involvement, and metastatic cervical adenopathies.ConclusionThe study confirmed an association of several independent prognostic factors at the stage of parotid lymph-node metastasis, related to patient, primary CSCC and PM. Complete primary resection is essential to reduce the risk of PM. Intensified radiologic and clinical surveillance should enable early diagnosis.



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Addressing Bias in Electronic Health Record-based Surveillance of Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Finding the Signal Through the Noise

Abstract

Purpose of review

Use of the electronic health record (EHR) for cardiovascular disease (CVD) surveillance is increasingly common. However, these data can introduce systematic error that influences the internal and external validity of study findings. We reviewed recent literature on EHR-based studies of CVD risk to summarize the most common types of bias that arise. Subsequently, we recommend strategies informed by work from others as well as our own to reduce the impact of these biases in future research.

Recent findings

Systematic error, or bias, is a concern in all observational research including EHR-based studies of CVD risk surveillance. Patients captured in an EHR system may not be representative of the general population, due to issues such as informed presence bias, perceptions about the healthcare system that influence entry, and access to health services. Further, the EHR may contain inaccurate information or be missing key data points of interest (e.g., due to loss to follow-up or over-diagnosis bias). Several strategies, including implementation of unique patient identifiers, adoption of standardized rules for inclusion/exclusion criteria, statistical procedures for data harmonization and analysis, and incorporation of patient-reported data have been used to reduce the impact of these biases.

Summary

EHR data provide an opportunity to monitor and characterize CVD risk in populations. However, understanding the biases that arise from EHR datasets is instrumental in planning epidemiological studies and interpreting study findings. Strategies to reduce the impact of bias in the context of EHR data can increase the quality and utility of these data.

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A novel splicing mutation in SMPX is linked to nonsyndromic progressive hearing loss

X-linked nonsyndromic hearing impairment is the rarest form of genetic hearing loss and represents only a minor fraction of all cases. The aim of this study was to investigate the cause of X-linked nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing loss in a three-generation American family.

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Management trends of infantile hemangioma: A national perspective

The primary management of infantile hemangioma (IH) has changed since 2008, with the initiation of propranolol. The change that propranolol has affected on resource utilization is unknown.

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Effects of transient auditory deprivation during critical periods on the development of auditory temporal processing

The central auditory pathway matures through sensory experiences and it is known that sensory experiences during periods called critical periods exert an important influence on brain development. The present study aimed to investigate whether temporary auditory deprivation during critical periods (CPs) could have a detrimental effect on the development of auditory temporal processing.

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B.C. dentist barred from practising now being sued by 35 former patients

Former B.C. dentist Steven Krieger is being sued by 35 former patients, according to the lawyer representing the plaintiffs. Vancouver lawyer Dianna Robertson said her clients all experienced pain and complications after receiving dental treatment from Krieger at the Clover Care Dental Clinic in Surrey.

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Influence of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on acute otitis media in Japan

This study investigated: (i) changes in the incidence of acute otitis media (AOM) following introduction of public funding for free inoculation with 7- and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV7 and PCV13, respectively) and (ii) changes in the rate of myringotomies for AOM (MyfA) in children 1year following the publication of the first edition of the clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of AOM in children in Japan.

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Characterization of upper airway obstruction using cine MRI in children with residual obstructive sleep apnea after adenotonsillectomy

Objectives/Background: Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (T&A) leads to resolution of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in most children. However, it persists in about 25-40%. Cinematic magnetic resonance imaging (cine MRI) can aid management of persistent OSA by localizing airway obstruction. We describe our experience in implementing and optimizing a cine MRI protocol using a 3 Tesla MRI scanner and the use of dexmedetomidine for sedation to improve reproducibility, safety and diagnostic accuracy.Patients/Methods: Patients aged 3-18 years who underwent cine MRI for evaluation of persistent OSA after T&A and failed positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy were included.

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Multiple nights of partial sleep deprivation do not affect prospective remembering at long delays

Prospective memory is defined as remembering to do something at a particular moment in the future and may be modulated by sleep. Here, we investigated whether multiple nights of partial sleep deprivation would affect the successful retrieval of intentions. Fifty-nine adolescents (mean age ± SD: 16.1 ± 0.6 years) were instructed to remember to press specific keys in response to the target words presented during a semantic categorization task in the future. Their memory was tested after five nights of either 5-h (sleep restriction group) or 9-h time-in-bed (control group).

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Daytime Sleepiness, Driving Performance, Reaction Time and Inhibitory Control during Sleep Restriction Therapy for Chronic Insomnia Disorder

Sleep restriction therapy (SRT) is a largely untested single treatment component of cognitive-behaviour therapy for insomnia. To date, the evidence for contraindications for SRT is limited to very few studies. The present study investigated the objective and subjective daytime consequences during the acute phase of SRT for adults diagnosed Chronic Insomnia Disorder.

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Nocturnal sleep architecture in idiopathic hypersomnia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Current sleep medicine nosology places increased importance on nocturnal polysomnographic sleep recordings in the diagnosis of central nervous system disorders of hypersomnolence, particularly idiopathic hypersomnia (IH).

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Surgical management of severe osteoradionecrosis of the mandibular bone by using double free flap reconstruction

Radiation therapy (RT) plays an essential role in the management of head and neck malignancies. RT is commonly used as an adjuvant to surgical intervention in cases of large tumors or metastasis, but also as a primary treatment modality (Deshpande et al., 2015; Rice et al., 2015). If primary or adjuvant RT is essential, osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the jaws represents one of the most severe complications, with an incidence of 5–15%, mainly in the first few years after the end of treatment (Epstein et al., 1987; Reuther et al., 2003; Rice et al., 2015).

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Adverse clinical events reported during Invisalign treatment: Analysis of the MAUDE database

The objectives of this study were to examine adverse clinical events after the use of the Invisalign system and to provide an overview of the actions taken by the manufacturer to address these events.

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Numeric simulation model for long-term orthodontic tooth movement with contact boundary conditions using the finite element method

Although many attempts have been made to simulate orthodontic tooth movement using the finite element method, most were limited to analyses of the initial displacement in the periodontal ligament and were insufficient to evaluate the effect of orthodontic appliances on long-term tooth movement. Numeric simulation of long-term tooth movement was performed in some studies; however, neither the play between the brackets and archwire nor the interproximal contact forces were considered. The objectives of this study were to simulate long-term orthodontic tooth movement with the edgewise appliance by incorporating those contact conditions into the finite element model and to determine the force system when the space is closed with sliding mechanics.

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Directory: AAO Officers and Organizations

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Clinical recognition of mouth breathers by orthodontists: A preliminary study

A routine diagnosis of a patient's breathing status performed by an orthodontist normally includes visual assessment, medical history, clinical examination of habitual lip posture, size and shape of the nostrils, reflex control of the alar muscle and respiratory tests, and the dental mirror test. The objective of this study was to test the recognition of mouth breathers in young persons by an orthodontist and agreement with an otolaryngologist's reference diagnosis when routine assessments were carried out.

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Editorial Board

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Directory: AAO Officers and Organizations

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Table of Contents

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Children's orthodontic utilization in the United States: Socioeconomic and surveillance considerations

There has been no epidemiologic study of malocclusion prevalence and treatment need in the United States since the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, conducted from 1988 to 1991. In this descriptive study, the authors sought to estimate orthodontic treatment prevalence by examining a nationally representative survey to assess current pediatric dental and orthodontic utilization.

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Adverse events

One function of the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is the monitoring of medical device safety. Each year, the FDA receives several hundred thousand medical device reports (MDRs) describing problems associated with a huge variety of medical devices. This category includes dental devices. Manufacturers, importers, and device-user facilities are required to report adverse events, and voluntary reports are accepted from health care professionals, patients, and consumers. The Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database is the storehouse of all the reports.

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Effects of low-level laser irradiation on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement and associated pain with self-ligating brackets

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of low-level laser irradiation applied at 3-week intervals on orthodontic tooth movement and pain associated with orthodontic tooth movement using self-ligating brackets.

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November 2017:152(5)

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Nonsurgical treatment of an adult with a skeletal Class II gummy smile using zygomatic temporary anchorage devices and improved superelastic nickel-titanium alloy wires

Patients with a severe gummy smile and a skeletal Class II profile are difficult to treat. This case report describes an effective treatment alternative for improving a gummy smile in a patient with a severe Class II molar relationship, severe crowding, and lip protrusion using zygomatic anchorage devices and improved superelastic nickel-titanium wires. A 36-year-old woman had an excessive overjet and a deep overbite with a bilateral Angle Class II molar relationship. The cephalometric analysis demonstrated a Class II skeletal relationship (ANB, 9.5°), retroclination of the mandible (FMA, 38.4°), and severe labial inclination of the mandibular incisors (IMPA, 101.9°).

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Correction

Ferreira JTL, Romano FL, Sasso Stuani MB, Assed Carneiro FC, Nakane Matsumoto MA. Traction of impacted canines in a skeletal Class III malocclusion: A challenging orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2017;151:1159-68.

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Survival analysis, part 3: Cox regression

Another approach to analyze survival data is to use regression analysis. This can be accomplished by applying Cox regression, which allows us to calculate a special form of rate ratios known as hazard ratios.1 Therefore, instead of just a P value provided by the log-rank test, we can obtain an effect estimate with its confidence intervals, and at the same time we can adjust for other categorical or continuous covariates and interactions.

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To understand the understood

Mr Millon was referred to you by a local prosthodontist to extrude a fractured premolar in preparation for a full-coverage restoration. Apparently, the chemistry between the 2 of you was superb. He immediately enlisted for treatment with the sweetest words you could hear: "How soon can we get started, doctor?" As you arise to shake his hand at the conclusion of the visit, he asks whether you could evaluate his adolescent daughter soon. "She's been in treatment for more than 3 years," he said. "We are happy with the result, but the orthodontist won't take off those braces."

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Three-camera setup to record simultaneously standardized high-definition video for smile analysis

Our objective was to develop a photographic setup that would simultaneously capture subjects' smiles from 3 views, both statically and dynamically, and develop a software to crop the produced video clip and slice the frames to study the smile at different stages.

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Authors' response

We thank Drs Yang, Jiang, and Li for their interest in our case report (Ferreira JT, Romano FL, Sasso Stuani MB, Assed Carneiro FC, Nakane Matsumoto MA. Traction of impacted canines in a skeletal Class III malocclusion: a challenging orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2017;151:1159-68).

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Protein and mRNA expressions of IL-6 and its key signaling factors under orthodontic forces in mice: An in-vivo study

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanical loading-induced changes in protein and mRNA expressions of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and its key signaling factors glycoprotein 130 (gp130), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and the Src homology phosphotyrosine phosphatase (SHP2) at the tension and compression sides of the teeth in mouse models.

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Traction of impacted canines in a skeletal Class III malocclusion

We read the case report describing traction of impacted canines in a skeletal Class III malocclusion in the June 2017 issue (Ferreira JT, Romano FL, Sasso Stuani MB, Assed Carneiro FC, Nakane Matsumoto MA. Traction of impacted canines in a skeletal Class III malocclusion: a challenging orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2017;151:1159-68). We appreciate the authors' efforts in sharing this difficult case with us. However, we have some questions about diagnosis and therapy progress.

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ENPP1 and ESR1 genotypes associated with subclassifications of craniofacial asymmetry and severity of temporomandibular disorders

We investigated whether ACTN3, ENPP1, ESR1, PITX1, and PITX2 genes which contribute to sagittal and vertical malocclusions also contribute to facial asymmetries and temporomandibular disorders (TMD) before and after orthodontic and orthognathic surgery treatment.

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Title: Periconceptional Maternal Fever, Folic Acid Intake, and the Risk for Neural Tube Defects

Previous studies have shown an association between maternal fever in early pregnancy and neural tube defects (NTDs) such as spina bifida. Periconceptional folic acid intake has been shown to reduce the risk of these outcomes.

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Use of the PRECIS-II instrument to categorize reports along the efficacy-effectiveness spectrum in an hepatitis C virus care continuum systematic review and meta-analysis

There is increasing recognition of the importance of the distinction between efficacy and effectiveness research in the design, conduct, and evaluation of interventions and program outcomes. There is a concurrent increase in the application of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. These two lines of inquiry are only beginning to meet. There is an emerging need for systematic reviews and meta-analyses to account for differences in degrees to which included studies reflect either efficacy and effectiveness designs.

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Timing anthropogenic stressors to mitigate their impact on marine ecosystem resilience

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Bethsaida 'Y' Baptist pastor has a calling as church leader, dentist

Dr. Robert Sanders serves as an area dentist and as the pastor of Bethsaida 'Y' Baptist Church in Cass County. Robert Sanders might be called a dentist/pastor or a pastor/dentist.

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Brand vs generic adverse event reporting patterns: An authorized generic-controlled evaluation of cardiovascular medications

Summary

What is known and objective

Some public scepticism exists about generics in terms of whether brand and generic drugs produce identical outcomes. This study explores whether adverse event (AE) reporting patterns are similar between brand and generic drugs, using authorized generics (AGs) as a control for possible generic drug perception biases.

Methods

Events reported to the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System from the years 2004-2015 were analysed. Drugs were classified as brand, AG or generic based on drug and manufacturer names. Reports were included if amlodipine, losartan, metoprolol extended release (ER) or simvastatin were listed as primary or secondary suspect drugs. Disproportionality analyses using the reporting odds ratio (ROR) assessed the relative rate of reporting labelled AEs compared to reporting these AEs with all other drugs. The Breslow-Day test compared RORs across brand, AG and generic. Interrupted time series analysis evaluated the impact of generic entry on reporting trends.

Results and discussion

Generics accounted for significant percentages of total U.S. reports, but AGs accounted for smaller percentages of reports, including for amlodipine (14.26%), losartan (1.48%), metoprolol ER (0.35%) and simvastatin (0.70%). Whereas the RORs were significantly different for multiple brand vs generic comparisons, the AG vs generic comparisons yielded fewer statistically significant findings. Namely, only the ROR for AG differed from generic for amlodipine with peripheral oedema (P < .01).

What is new and conclusion

Inconsistent reporting patterns were observed more between brand and generic compared with AG and generic. Use of AGs as a control for perception biases against generics is useful, but this approach can be limited by small AG report numbers. Requiring the manufacturer name to be printed on the prescription bottle or packaging could improve the accuracy of assignment for products being reported.

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Retrospective study of hypersensitivity reactions to chemotherapeutic agents in a thoracic oncology service

Summary

What is known and objective

With the increasing use of cancer chemotherapy agents, hypersensitivity reactions are commonly encountered. The allergic clinical symptoms are variable and unpredictable. The aim of this study was to identify the characteristics of hypersensitivity reactions and to assess the value of skin tests for platinum salts and pemetrexed in the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancers or malignant pleural mesothelioma.

Methods

A single-centre retrospective study was performed for 2 years. Patients treated with the drugs of interest for an advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancers or malignant pleural mesothelioma and who experienced hypersensitivity reactions symptoms were eligible for this study. Clinical symptoms of hypersensitivity reactions, population characteristics and administered chemotherapy regimens were identified.

Results

The hypersensitivity reactions frequency was rare (1.2%) and concerned 17 patients in our study. Typical clinical features of immediate hypersensitivity reactions associated with treatment were observed for nine patients (anaphylactic reactions for three cases, angioedema and hypotension associated with asthenia and heat in one case, respectively, and other cutaneous symptoms in the remaining four cases). Skin tests were positive in three patients, but only for platinum salts. The outcome after reintroduction of a negatively tested platinum salt allowed us to calculate a negative predictive value for platinum salt skin tests of 100%. For pemetrexed, skin tests were negative for all patients.

What is new and conclusion

Skin tests could be used to diagnose hypersensitivity reactions with platinum salts or to evaluate the possibility of cross-reactions between two platinum salts. A negative skin test may predict with reasonable reliability the absence of future hypersensitivity reactions in case of reintroduction of drug infusion. Because the IgE-mediated mechanism has never been demonstrated for pemetrexed, skin tests are not valid and have no diagnostic value for this molecule. Because hypersensitivity reactions are potentially fatal adverse events, we recommend that patients who experience a hypersensitivity reactions onset should be monitored closely and clinicians must be aware of hypersensitivity reaction signs.

With the increasing use of cancer chemotherapy agents, hypersensitivity reactions are commonly encountered. The allergic clinical symptoms are variable and unpredictable. The aim of this study was to identify the characteristics of hypersensitivity reactions and to assess the value of platinum salts and pemetrexed skin tests used in the treatment of patients supported for non-small cell lung cancers or malignant pleural mesothelioma.

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Zoology: The joys of spinelessness

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Untangling the dinosaur family tree

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Nutrient co-limitation at the boundary of an oceanic gyre

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Living and dying on the edge

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Creation of forest edges has a global impact on forest vertebrates

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Baron et al. reply

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Forestry: Sustainability crisis brews in EU forestry

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Impact of National Ambient Air Quality Standards nonattainment designations on particulate pollution and health.

Background: Despite dramatic air quality improvement in the United States over the past decades, recent years have brought renewed scrutiny and uncertainty surrounding the effectiveness of specific regulatory programs for continuing to improve air quality and public health outcomes. Methods: We employ causal inference methods and a spatial hierarchical regression model to characterize the extent to which a designation of "nonattainment" with the 1997 National Ambient Air Quality Standard for ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in 2005 causally affected ambient PM2.5 and health outcomes among over 10 million Medicare beneficiaries in the Eastern US in 2009-2012. Results: We found that, on average across all retained study locations, reductions in ambient PM2.5 and Medicare health outcomes could not be conclusively attributed to the nonattainment designations against the backdrop of other regional strategies that impacted the entire Eastern United States. A more targeted principal stratification analysis indicates substantial health impacts of the nonattainment designations among the subset of areas where the designations are estimated to have actually reduced ambient PM2.5 beyond levels achieved by regional measures, with noteworthy reductions in all-cause mortality, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, heart failure, ischemic heart disease, and respiratory tract infections. Discussion: These findings provide targeted evidence of the effectiveness of local control measures following nonattainment designations for the 1997 PM2.5 air quality standard. Copyright (C) 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Corrigendum to “ Mineralization-defects are comparable in fluorotic impacted human teeth and fluorotic mouse incisors” [Archives of Oral Biology 29 (July (83)) (2017) 214–221]

Publication date: December 2017
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 84
Author(s): Rosita Jalali, Franck Guy, Samaneh Ghazanfari, Don Lyaruu, Leo van Ruijven, Pamela DenBesten, Stefania Martignon, Gina Castiblanco, Antonius Bronckers




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Inhibition of malodorous gas formation by oral bacteria with cetylpyridinium and zinc chloride

Publication date: December 2017
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 84
Author(s): Jeong Hyun Kang, Dae Jeong Kim, Bong Kyu Choi, Ji Woon Park
ObjectiveThe antimicrobial efficacy of zinc- (ZnCl2) and cetylpyridinium-chloride (CPC) and their inhibition capacity on volatile sulfur compound (VSC) production by oral bacterial strains were investigated.DesignMinimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and growth curves were determined for ZnCl2, CPC, and CPC with ZnCl2 solutions against eight oral microorganisms (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans) known to be involved in the pathophysiology of both halitosis and periodontal disease. Gas chromatography was applied to measure VSCs (H2S, CH3SH, (CH3)2S) production levels of each strains following exposure to the solutions.ResultsZnCl2 and CPC effectively inhibited growth of all eight strains. ZnCl2 was generally more effective than CPC in suppressing bacterial growth excluding A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. intermedia, and T. forsythia. Synergism between CPC and ZnCl2 was shown in A. actinomycetemcomitans. The MIC for CPC was significantly lower than ZnCl2. VSC production was detected in five bacterial strains (A. actinomycetemcomitans, F. nucleatum, P. gingivalis, T. denticola, and T. forsythia). Each bacterial strain showed unique VSCs production profiles. H2S was produced by F. nucleatum, P. gingivalis, and T. denticola, CH3SH by all five strains and (CH3)2S by A. actinomycetemcomitans, F. nucleatum, P. gingivalis, and T. denticola. Production of CH3SH, the most malodorous component among the three major VSCs from mouth air was evident in F. nucleatum and T. forsythia.ConclusionBoth ZnCl2 and CPC effectively inhibit bacterial growth causative of halitosis and periodontal disease, resulting in a direct decrease of bacterial VSCs production.



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Aims & Scope/Editorial board

Publication date: December 2017
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 84





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Corrigendum to: “Saliva initiates the formation of pro-inflammatory macrophages in vitro” [Arch. Oral Biol. 73 (January) (2017) 295–301]

Publication date: December 2017
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 84
Author(s): Solmaz Pourgonabadi, Heinz-Dieter Müller, João Rui Mendes, Reinhard Gruber




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Changes in the midpalatal and pterygopalatine sutures induced by micro-implant-supported skeletal expander, analyzed with a novel 3D method based on CBCT imaging

Mini-implant-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) appliances have been developed with the aim to enhance the orthopedic effect induced by rapid maxillary expansion (RME). Maxillary Skeletal Expander (MSE) ...

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Risk Stratification of Thyroid Nodules on Ultrasonography: Current Status and Perspectives

Thyroid , Vol. 0, No. 0.


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Establishment of a Meal Coding System for the Characterization of Meal-Based Dietary Patterns in Japan [Nutritional Epidemiology]

Background: Most studies on dietary patterns to date have focused on the daily intake of individual foods, rather than the combination of foods simultaneously consumed during specific eating occasions (breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snacks).

Objective: We aimed to establish a meal coding system for characterizing meal-based dietary patterns in Japan.

Methods: Dietary data used were from the 2012 National Health and Nutrition Survey, Japan, in which 1-d weighed dietary records were collected from 26,361 adults aged ≥20 y. The food diary was based on a typical Japanese eating pattern, which comprised breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snacks; these eating occasions were prescribed in the diary. A total of 94,439 eating occasions (25,187 breakfasts, 25,888 lunches, 26,248 dinners, and 17,116 snacks) were identified. For all meal types, common food group combinations were identified to produce a range of generic meals. These generic meals were then used in principal components analysis to establish meal patterns.

Results: In total, 94 generic meals (24 breakfasts, 27 lunches, 26 dinners, and 17 snacks) were identified. The most frequently identified food group combination for all 3 main meals was "rice and vegetables" (9 generic meals for breakfast, 12 for lunch, and 16 for dinner), whereas "confectioneries and nonalcoholic and noncaloric beverages" was the most prevalent combination for snacks (3 generic meals). In total, 19 meal patterns were established by using principal components analysis, which accounted for 24.1% of total variance. Patterns ranged considerably with regard to meal-type inclusion and the selection of staple foods (rice, bread, and noodles) and beverages, as well as with regard to meal constituents.

Conclusions: With the use of a meal coding system, we identified a wide range of meal-based dietary patterns in Japanese adults. This meal coding system may be useful in capturing and investigating the complex nature of Japanese meals and food combination patterns.

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Diet Quality Is Linked to Insulin Resistance among Adults in China [Nutritional Epidemiology]

Background: Little is known about the impact of Chinese diet quality changes on diabetes-related markers.

Objective: The present study examined the association of changes in overall diet quality with various biomarkers of diabetes among adults in China.

Methods: The current analysis used longitudinal diet data from 1991 to 2006 and fasting blood samples from 2009 for 4734 adults aged 18–65 y from the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Dietary intake was assessed by using 3 consecutive 24-h recalls and household food weighing. The tailored Alternative Healthy Eating Index (tAHEI) was adapted from the 2010 Harvard Alternative Healthy Eating Index to measure overall diet quality. We categorized baseline tAHEI scores into tertiles and annual changes in the scores into 5 levels (high decrease, low decrease, maintain, low increase, and high increase). We performed mixed-effects regressions to assess the associations between baseline scores and changes in the tAHEI scores and diabetes or insulin markers.

Results: Adults with high baseline tAHEI scores tended to be male, older, of lower socioeconomic status, and with higher physical activity levels. After adjustment for all of the covariates, insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values were 5.1% (95% CI: –0.100, –0.002) and 5.7% (95% CI: –0.113, –0.001) lower, respectively, for adults with high compared with low baseline tAHEI scores and 8.6% (95% CI: –0.155, –0.017) and 9.8% (95% CI: –0.177, –0.018) lower, respectively, for adults with a high increase in score compared with the "maintain" category. Null associations were observed between baseline scores and changes in the scores and fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and diabetes prevalence.

Conclusions: Baseline and changes in diet quality were independently associated with lower HOMA-IR and plasma insulin but not with fasting blood glucose and HbA1c in Chinese adults. Prospective studies on overall diet quality in relation to diabetes markers and risk of diabetes are needed.

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Treating laryngopharyngeal reflux: Evaluation of an anti-reflux program with comparison to medications

Publication date: Available online 31 October 2017
Source:American Journal of Otolaryngology
Author(s): Jin Yang, Salem Dehom, Stephanie Sanders, Thomas Murry, Priya Krishna, Brianna K. Crawley
ObjectiveTo determine if an anti-reflux induction program relieves laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) symptoms more effectively than medication and behavioral changes alone.Study designRetrospective study.SettingTertiary care academic center.Subjects and methodsA database was populated with patients treated for LPR. Patients were included in the study group if they completed a two-week anti-reflux program (diet, alkaline water, medications, behavioral modifications). Patients were included in the control group if they completed anti-reflux medications and behavioral modifications only. Patients completed the voice handicap index (VHI), reflux symptom index (RSI), cough severity index (CSI), dyspnea index (DI) and eating assessment tool (EAT-10) surveys and underwent laryngoscopy for examination and reflux finding score (RFS) quantification.ResultsOf 105 study group patients, 96 (91%) reported subjective improvement in their LPR symptoms after an average 32-day first follow-up and their RSI and CSI scores improved significantly. No significant differences were found in VHI, DI, or EAT-10 scores. Fifteen study patients who had previously failed adequate high-dose medication trials reported improvement and their CSI and EAT-10 scores improved significantly. Ninety-five percent of patients with a chief complaint of cough reported improvement and their CSI scores improved significantly from 12.3 to 8.2. Among 81 controls, only 39 (48%) patients reported improvement after an average 62-day first follow-up. Their RSI scores did not significantly change.ConclusionThe anti-reflux program yielded rapid and substantial results for a large cohort of patients with LPR. It compared favorably with medication and behavioral modification alone. It was effective in improving cough and treating patients who had previously failed medications alone.



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Global Disease Detection—Achievements in Applied Public Health Research, Capacity Building, and Public Health Diplomacy, 2001–2016

C. Y. Rao et al.

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Shoreline Fruit, LLC. Recalls Select Bulk and Retail Dark Chocolate Covered Cherry Products Due to Possible Undeclared Milk Allergen

In cooperation with the GKI Foods, LLC recall of dark chocolate products due to an undeclared milk/dairy allergen, Shoreline Fruit is voluntarily recalling select Shoreline Fruit bulk and Cherry Bay Orchards® branded dark chocolate covered cherry products. This recall is an extension of the GKI Foods LLC recall announced on October 27, 2017. People who have an allergy or severe sensitivity to milk/dairy run the risk of a serious or life threatening allergic reaction if they consume these products.

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If you like cash more than candy, Tri-City dentists are paying for Halloween treats

Through Operation Cash for Candy, the dental professionals buy leftover Halloween candy and donate it to a nonprofit for inclusion in care packages for troops. It's a way to raise awareness about the health effects of too many sweets, while at the same time sending some love to military service members, said Lee Ostler, a Richland dentist and founder of the program.

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Management of Patients with Left Ventricular Assist Devices requiring Teeth Extraction: Is Halting Anti-Coagulation Appropriate?

Publication date: Available online 31 October 2017
Source:Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Author(s): Visakha Suresh, Muath Bishawi, Michael W. Manning, Chetan Patel, Joseph Rogers, Carmelo Milano, Jacob Schroder, Mani Daneshmand, David Powers
IntroductionAn increasing number of end-stage heart failure patients are supported with left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation and must be maintained on a consistent anticoagulation regimen. Preemptive extraction of carious teeth in these patients is necessary to seeding of the implanted device and endocarditis. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate bleeding complications after minor oral surgery, specifically teeth extractions, in this unique patient population requiring chronic anticoagulation.MethodsThis study was a retrospective single center review. Adult patients supported on an implanted, continuous flow LVAD from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2016 were included. Baseline characteristics were collected via retrospective chart review and the institutional LVAD registry. All extractions were performed in the operating room, under local anesthesia with moderate sedation or general anesthesia with nasal intubation, while LVAD settings were monitored by a trained perfusionist. Preoperative and postoperative hematology lab values, such as hemoglobin, international normalized ratio (INR), were collected via chart review. Continuous variables were presented as mean ± standard deviations, and compared using the Student t-test. Categorical variables were presented as proportions and percentages, and compared using chi-squared test or Fisher Exact test as appropriate. Statistical significance was established at a p < 0.05.ResultsAfter screening 798 patients, 32 (4%) were found to have undergone dental extractions after LVAD implantation. The sample was composed of 32 subjects with a mean age of 60.13 years and 81.25% were male. The average time from LVAD implantation to extraction was 445.19 ± 1108.53 days. Average pre-operative INR was 1.76 ± 0.47. Pre-operative FFP was not administered to any patients. 28 (87.5%) patients were on coumadin pre-operatively. In 11 (39.3%) of the 28, Coumadin was held preoperatively. The average post-operative change in hemoglobin was -0.79 ± 1.45. Only one patient (3%) required post-operative blood transfusion for a hemoglobin of 7.6 that responded appropriately. There were no re-operations for bleeding.ConclusionsMinor oral surgical procedures can be performed safely for patients being supported on LVAD therapy. With primary closure of the gingiva at the site of extraction, dental extractions can be performed without the full reversal of anticoagulation.



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A matter of time: self-regulated tree regeneration in a natural Norway spruce ( Picea abies ) forest at Mt. Brocken, Germany

Abstract

European natural mountain Norway spruce (Picea abies) forests are currently subject to extensive disturbances. An improved understanding of the self-regulated regenerative capacity of this forest type is therefore needed. We used the last remnant of natural mountain Norway spruce forests in central northwestern Europe (BNF Brocken natural forest), to analyze (1) the diversity of structure and age distribution of the tree population and (2) the effect of disturbances on self-regulated tree regeneration over the last 264 years. To this end, we combined an assessment of stand structure with dendrochronological investigations and a review of disturbance history. We hypothesized that BNF exhibits a high diversity of tree ages and dimensions and that recruitment and survival of tree regeneration were largely independent from disturbances. BNF showed a high structural and age diversity. Disturbances exhibited no regular temporal pattern. Their effect on tree regeneration was rather complex and changed with observation period. Impeding and facilitating effects of past disturbances on recruitment were significant from 1736 to 1910. From 1911 until 2000, recruitment decoupled from preceding disturbances. Subsequent disturbances facilitated survival of established trees from 1736 to 1820, while afterward no significant influence could be proved. Our study showed that in the course of self-regulated development the tree population of BNF has gradually acquired, or maintained, a diverse structure. Disturbances served as an important driver of diversification. We concluded that increasing deadwood availability and limiting browsing are the key to securing immediate regeneration.

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Area-level analysis of forest inventory variables

Abstract

Small-area estimation is a subject area of growing importance in forest inventories. Modelling the link between a study variable Y and auxiliary variables X—in pursuit of an improved accuracy in estimators—is typically done at the level of a sampling unit. However, for various reasons, it may only be possible to formulate a linking model at the level of an area of interest (AOI). Area-level models and their potential have rarely been explored in forestry. This study demonstrates, with data (Y = stem volume per ha) from four actual inventories aided by aerial laser scanner data (3 cases) or photogrammetric point clouds (1 case), application of three distinct models representing the currency of area-level modelling. The studied AOIs varied in size from forest management units to forest districts, and municipalities. The variance explained by X declined sharply with the average size of an AOI. In comparison with a direct estimate mean of Y in an AOI, all three models achieved practically important reduction in the relative root-mean-squared error of an AOI mean. In terms of the reduction in mean-squared errors, a model with a spatial location effect was overall most attractive. We recommend the pursuit of a spatial model component in area-level modelling as promising within the context of a forest inventory.

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Expiratory muscle strength training improves swallowing and respiratory outcomes in people with dysphagia: a systematic review

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Lofty stones reveal ancient storm secrets

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A review of the carbohydrate–insulin model of obesity

A review of the carbohydrate–insulin model of obesity

A review of the carbohydrate–insulin model of obesity, Published online: 01 November 2017; doi:10.1038/ejcn.2017.156

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Association of whole grain intake with all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis from prospective cohort studies

Association of whole grain intake with all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis from prospective cohort studies

Association of whole grain intake with all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis from prospective cohort studies, Published online: 01 November 2017; doi:10.1038/ejcn.2017.149

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Robot fish with two-DOF pectoral fins and a wire-driven caudal fin

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Lightweight pneumatic semi-universal hand with two fingers aimed for a wide range of grasping

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From 3 fingers to 5 fingers dexterous hands

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A brief review of affordance in robotic manipulation research

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Association of whole grain intake with all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis from prospective cohort studies

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A review of the carbohydrate–insulin model of obesity

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Recovery of multiple impacted maxillary teeth in a hyperdivergent Class I patient using Temporary Skeletal Anchorage Devices and augmented corticotomy.

Recovery of multiple impacted maxillary teeth in a hyperdivergent Class I patient using Temporary Skeletal Anchorage Devices and augmented corticotomy.

Angle Orthod. 2017 Oct 31;:

Authors: Kim KA, Hwang HS, Chung KR, Kim SH, Nelson G

Abstract
Treatment of multiple impacted teeth is challenging. Three-dimensional treatment planning can help in delivering a better outcome. This case report presents a patient with an incomplete dental transposition between the canine and lateral incisor of the maxillary right side associated with the impaction of a dilacerated right central incisor. Using a two-stage surgical exposure and augmented corticotomy, the patient's occlusion and smile esthetics were significantly improved, and Class I occlusal relationships with optimal overjet and overbite were achieved after 50 months of orthodontic treatment. Thirty-month posttreatment records revealed a stable result.

PMID: 29087728 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Oil pulling and importance of traditional medicine in oral health maintenance.

Oil pulling and importance of traditional medicine in oral health maintenance.

Int J Health Sci (Qassim). 2017 Sep-Oct;11(4):65-70

Authors: Naseem M, Khiyani MF, Nauman H, Zafar MS, Shah AH, Khalil HS

Abstract
Dental diseases have detrimental effects on the functionality and quality of life of individuals. In addition, a strong relationship has been established between various oral and systemic diseases. In fact, the prevention and treatment of dental caries and periodontal disease have been shown to reduce the risk of diabetes and heart disease significantly. This goes beyond the role of oral health as a means to identify early manifestations of systemic diseases in the oral cavity. It highlights the necessity of maintaining an optimal oral hygiene to significantly modify the risk factors for serious systemic diseases. The use of oil pulling can be frequently found in ancient medical text and is supported by recent studies for its efficacy and long-term use for maintaining and improving oral health. This article provides an overview on the concept of oil pulling or oil swishing, its mechanism of action and a summary of the evidence available, which highlights the role of oil pulling in specific oral diseases. The goal of this review is to highlight the ancient procedure that has the potential to be used as an adjunct to conventional chemical means of dental plaque control, such as mouth rinses. Incorporating oil swishing as a component of daily oral hygiene can significantly improve oral and general health, specifically in lower socioeconomic groups and rural communities that may have interrupted access to health-care services and dental products such as dentifrices and mouth washes due to various factors; availability and affordability being the most important.

PMID: 29085271 [PubMed]

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Exercise essay: “vowel yoga”

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Moderate quakes hit off White Island

The first quake, of 4.9 magnitude hit at 8.35pm and was 5km deep. It was centred 15km south-east of the active volcano.

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To what extent is subjective well-being in late adulthood related to subjective and objective memory functioning? Five-year cross-lagged panel analyses

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Poverty, deprivation, and depressive symptoms among older adults in Hong Kong

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Could Zika virus emerge in Mainland China? Virus isolation from nature in Culex quinquefasciatus, 2016

Could Zika virus emerge in Mainland China? Virus isolation from nature in Culex quinquefasciatus, 2016

Emerging Microbes & Infections 6, e93 (November 2017). doi:10.1038/emi.2017.80

Authors: Song Song, Yuanyuan Li, Shihong Fu, Hong Liu, Xiaolong Li, Xiaoyan Gao, Ziqian Xu, Guoping Liu, Dingming Wang, Zhenzao Tian, Jingzhu Zhou, Ying He, Wenwen Lei, Huanyu Wang, Bin Wang, Xiaoqing Lu & Guodong Liang

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Hepatitis C virus genotypes and subtypes circulating in Mainland China

Hepatitis C virus genotypes and subtypes circulating in Mainland China

Emerging Microbes & Infections 6, e95 (November 2017). doi:10.1038/emi.2017.77

Authors: Ying Chen, Changshun Yu, Xueru Yin, Xiaolei Guo, Shangwei Wu & Jinlin Hou

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Campylobacter fetus meningitis confirmed by a 16S rRNA gene analysis using the MinION nanopore sequencer, South Korea, 2016

Campylobacter fetus meningitis confirmed by a 16S rRNA gene analysis using the MinION nanopore sequencer, South Korea, 2016

Emerging Microbes & Infections 6, e94 (November 2017). doi:10.1038/emi.2017.81

Authors: Jangsup Moon, Narae Kim, Han Sang Lee, Hye-Rim Shin, Soon-Tae Lee, Keun-Hwa Jung, Kyung-Il Park, Sang Kun Lee & Kon Chu

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Comparative genomic analysis of two emergent human adenovirus type 14 respiratory pathogen isolates in China reveals similar yet divergent genomes

Comparative genomic analysis of two emergent human adenovirus type 14 respiratory pathogen isolates in China reveals similar yet divergent genomes

Emerging Microbes & Infections 6, e92 (November 2017). doi:10.1038/emi.2017.78

Authors: Qiwei Zhang, Shuping Jing, Zetao Cheng, Zhiwu Yu, Shoaleh Dehghan, Amirhossein Shamsaddini, Yuqian Yan, Min Li & Donald Seto

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Effectiveness of national and subnational infection prevention and control interventions in high-income and upper-middle-income countries: a systematic review

Publication date: Available online 31 October 2017
Source:The Lancet Infectious Diseases
Author(s): Lesley Price, Jennifer MacDonald, Lynn Melone, Tracey Howe, Paul Flowers, Kay Currie, Evonne Curran, Valerie Ness, Debbie Waddell, Sarkis Manoukian, Agi McFarland, Claire Kilpatrick, Julie Storr, Anthony Twyman, Benedetta Allegranzi, Jacqui Reilly
Evidence-based guidance for national infection prevention and control (IPC) programmes is needed to support national and global capacity building to reduce health-care-associated infection and antimicrobial resistance. In this systematic review we investigate evidence on the effectiveness of IPC interventions implemented at national or subnational levels to inform the development of WHO guidelines on the core components of national IPC programmes. We searched CENTRAL, CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, and WHO IRIS databases for publications between Jan 1, 2000, and April 19, 2017. 29 studies that met the eligibility criteria (ie, economic evaluations, cluster-randomised trials, non-randomised trials, controlled before-and-after studies, and interrupted time-series studies exploring the effective of these interventions) were categorised according to intervention type: multimodal, care bundles, policies, and surveillance, monitoring, and feedback. Evidence of effectiveness was found in all categories but the best quality evidence was on multimodal interventions and surveillance, monitoring, and feedback. We call for improvements in study design, reporting of research, and quality of evidence particularly from low-income countries, to strengthen the uptake and international relevance of IPC interventions.



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Comparative pathogenesis of rabies in bats and carnivores, and implications for spillover to humans

Publication date: Available online 31 October 2017
Source:The Lancet Infectious Diseases
Author(s): Lineke Begeman, Corine GeurtsvanKessel, Stefan Finke, Conrad M Freuling, Marion Koopmans, Thomas Müller, Tom J H Ruigrok, Thijs Kuiken
Bat-acquired rabies is becoming increasingly common, and its diagnosis could be missed partly because its clinical presentation differs from that of dog-acquired rabies. We reviewed the scientific literature to compare the pathogenesis of rabies in bats and carnivores—including dogs—and related this pathogenesis to differences in the clinical presentation of bat-acquired and dog-acquired rabies in human beings. For bat-acquired rabies, we found that the histological site of exposure is usually limited to the skin, the anatomical site of exposure is more commonly the face, and the virus might be more adapted for entry via the skin than for dog-acquired rabies. These factors could help to explain several differences in clinical presentation between individuals with bat-acquired and those with dog-acquired rabies. A better understanding of these differences should improve the recording of a patient's history, enable drawing up of a more sophisticated list of clinical characteristics, and therefore obtain an earlier diagnosis of rabies after contact with a bat or carnivore that has rabies.



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Exploring participant perspectives of community aphasia group participation: from “I know where I belong now” to “Some people didn’t really fit in”

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Speech and language production in Alzheimer’s disease

Volume 32, Issue 1, January 2018, Page 1-3
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18th International Aphasia Rehabilitation Conference 2018 (IARC 2018)

Volume 32, Issue 1, January 2018, Page 103-104
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Investigating comprehension of nouns and verbs: is there a difference?

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The association of emotion-driven impulsiveness, cognitive inflexibility and decision-making with weight status in European adolescents

The association of emotion-driven impulsiveness, cognitive inflexibility and decision-making with weight status in European adolescents

The association of emotion-driven impulsiveness, cognitive inflexibility and decision-making with weight status in European adolescents, Published online: 01 November 2017; doi:10.1038/ijo.2017.270

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GLP-1 and IGF-I levels are elevated in late infancy in low birthweight infants, independently of GLP-1 receptor polymorphisms and neonatal nutrition

GLP-1 and IGF-I levels are elevated in late infancy in low birthweight infants, independently of GLP-1 receptor polymorphisms and neonatal nutrition

GLP-1 and IGF-I levels are elevated in late infancy in low birthweight infants, independently of GLP-1 receptor polymorphisms and neonatal nutrition, Published online: 01 November 2017; doi:10.1038/ijo.2017.271

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Obesity-induced changes in lipid mediators persist after weight loss

Obesity-induced changes in lipid mediators persist after weight loss

Obesity-induced changes in lipid mediators persist after weight loss, Published online: 01 November 2017; doi:10.1038/ijo.2017.266

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Garrison Dental Solutions Composi-Tight® 3D Fusion™ Sectional Matrix System

Starting today, I'll be putting the Composi-Tight 3D Fusion system through clinical testing.  I'm pretty excited about this new product from Garrison as it appears well thought out & very well designed.  I'll be reporting back here to let you know how it performs & what I thought about it.  In the meantime, here's info on the system from Garrison:

 

 

Garrison's new Composi-Tight® 3D Fusion™ Sectional Matrix is engineered to successfully complete a wider variety of Class II composite restorations.  This comprehensive kit includes three varieties of separator rings, five sizes of matrix bands, four sizes of interproximal wedges and a ring placement forceps.  Composi-Tight® 3D Fusion™ is indicated for use in posterior Class II MO/DO, MOD and wide preparation restorations.

The new Composi-Tight® 3D Fusion™ system draws on Garrison's more than 20 years of sectional matrix leadership to produce their most comprehensive and easy to use system.  The three-ring system consists of a short (blue), tall (orange) and dentistry's first wide preparation (green) separator rings.  All three incorporate Garrison's exclusive Soft-Face™ silicone tips for flash reduction and Ultra-Grip™ retention extensions that eliminate ring "spring-off".

 

Five sizes of ultra-thin, dead-soft non-stick sectional matrix bands have the addition of a Grab-Tab™ on the occlusal edge to simplify band placement and removal.  These are coupled with four sizes of Garrison's award winning Composi-Tight® 3D Fusion™ Ultra-Adaptive wedges.  These wedges feature soft "fins" that smoothly adapt matrix bands to tooth irregularities and prevent wedge back out.  In another industry first, Garrison has engineered a drop-forged stainless steel ring placement forceps that make ring placement significantly easier over the largest of molars regardless of hand size or strength.

 

Color coded and conveniently organized, the Composi-Tight® 3D Fusion™ Sectional Matrix System also has a complete selection of refills available.  Contact Garrison Dental Solutions at 888-437-0032 or visit garrisondental.com for more information.

 

For more information call 1-888-437-0032 or visit http://ift.tt/2hVdgEf

 

About Garrison Dental Solutions 

 

Garrison Dental Solutions, established in 1996, is a privately held company specializing in the design, development and manufacturing of product solutions to improve the quality and efficiency of dentistry.  The Company is the industry leader in sectional matrix systems and its products are sold globally.  Please visit http://ift.tt/2hQccnT for more information.

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Donor site morbidity after vascularized fibula free flap: gait analysis during prolonged walk conditions

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of vascularized fibula free flap (VFFF) harvest on gait variables during the six-minute walk test (6MWT). Eleven patients who had undergone VFFF harvest and 11 healthy peers participated in this case –control study. The main evaluation consisted of the collection of gait variables using the GAITRite system during three periods of the 6MWT: beginning (0–1min), middle (2:30–3:30min), and end (5–6min). The 6MWT was significantly shorter in the VFFF group than in the reference group (−31%, P (Source: International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery)

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Academy of Prosthodontics centennial: The educational roots of our specialty

Publication date: Available online 31 October 2017
Source:The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry
Author(s): Stephen D. Campbell, Clark M. Stanford, Cortino Sukotjo, John R. Agar, Charles Goodacre




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Atypical Afta Major Healing after Photodynamic Therapy.

Atypical Afta Major Healing after Photodynamic Therapy.

Case Rep Dent. 2017;2017:8517470

Authors: Casu C, Mannu C

Abstract
The aim of this study is to report a case of atypical Afta Major healing in a patient with recurrent aphthous stomatitis (SAR) with a type of photodynamic therapy. A female patient with SAR affected for about 2 years reported a history of hypothyroidism treated with Levothyroxine. The oral cavity clinical examination showed several major symptomatic ulcers, previously treated with topical and systemic therapies without any benefit. The largest of them is present for more than 40 days, in spite of topical cortisone applications, with significant pain symptoms reported by the patient. It was decided to perform a session of photodynamic therapy with a device that emits a LED light used in combination with a photosensitive reagent (Toluidine blue). The dye was applied on the entire surface of the lesion beyond the margins and even encroaching on healthy tissue. The light diode was turned on with a wavelength of 630 nm with cycles from 30 seconds, 10 consecutive times above it. After a few days, a curious phenomenon happened: healing of Afta Major starting from the center, which was almost completely healed towards the borders of the lesion. No previous literature reports this type of healing. Photodynamic therapy could be a successful treatment for SAR.

PMID: 29085681 [PubMed]

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A Review of the Active Treatments for Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis.

Related Articles

A Review of the Active Treatments for Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis.

J Nippon Med Sch. 2017;84(3):110-117

Authors: Kinoshita Y, Saeki H

Abstract
Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a severe adverse drug reaction associated with the separation of skin and mucous membranes at the dermal-epidermal junction. Although it is rare, many treatments have been trialed because of its high mortality rate. Active interventions performed to date include the use of systemic corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg), cyclosporine, plasmapheresis, anti-tumor necrosis factor drugs and N-acetylcysteine, but none has been established as the most effective therapy. IVIg and short-term high-dose corticosteroids were regarded as the most promising treatments for TEN in a comprehensive review of all reported TEN cases from 1975-2003. When used with an appropriate dose and timing, the beneficial effects of IVIg can be maximized. Although no randomized controlled trials have been conducted, cyclosporine and plasmapheresis are considered to be beneficial. As no gold standard for active intervention for TEN has been established, the choice of treatment relies partly on the available guidelines and the experience of the dermatologist. There is still much to be investigated regarding the pathogenesis of TEN, and new findings may contribute to the identification of an effective active intervention strategy.

PMID: 28724844 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis-like Reaction After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Children.

Related Articles

Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis-like Reaction After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Children.

J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2017 May;39(4):254-258

Authors: Faraci M, Giardino S, Lanino E, Morreale G, Ghibaudo E, Francesia Berta M, Risso M, Castagnola E, Ripaldi M, Moscatelli A, Ghigliotti G

Abstract
This study report clinical course, etiology, management, and long-term outcome of children who developed toxic epidermal necrolysis-like reaction (TEN-LR) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). We retrospectively collected children with TEN-LR occurring after allo-HSCT performed in 2 pediatric bone marrow units between 2005 and 2014. We identified 6 cases of TEN-LR of 322 patients (1.8%). Possible triggers of TEN included antibiotics, antiepileptics, antimycotics, and Mycoplasma infection. In 3 patients TEN-LR occurred concurrently with severe multiorgan acute graft versus host disease. The management of TEN included administration of high doses of intravenous immunoglobulins and steroids (n=6), anti-tumor necrosis factor (n=3), and plasmapheresis (n=3) and whenever possible, discontinuation of the potentially causative drugs. Four patients (66%) reached a complete clinical response of TEN-LR after a median of 11.2 days. Two children (34%) are presently alive, 1 with long-term ocular sequelae. TEN-LR is a potentially lethal complication that may occur after HSCT also in pediatric patients. In our experience, TEN-LR and acute graft versus host disease probably coexisted and an overlap between the 2 forms is suggested. The multidisciplinary approaches involving specialized nurses, hematologists, dermatologists, burn surgeons, and infectious disease specialists is crucial to treat these patients.

PMID: 28267083 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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To what extent is subjective well-being in late adulthood related to subjective and objective memory functioning? Five-year cross-lagged panel analyses

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Poverty, deprivation, and depressive symptoms among older adults in Hong Kong

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Non-noble, efficient catalyst of unsupported α-Cr2O3 nanoparticles for low temperature CO Oxidation

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Generalized phase mixing: Turbulence-like behaviour from unidirectionally propagating MHD waves

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A solar radiation database for Chile

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Spring warming increases the abundance of an invasive specialist insect: links to phenology and life history

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How goats avoid ingesting noxious insects while feeding

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Aerobic degradation of crude oil by microorganisms in soils from four geographic regions of China

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Analysis of the CRISPR-Cas system in bacteriophages active on epidemic strains of Vibrio cholerae in Bangladesh

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Wild-captive interactions and economics drive dynamics of Asian elephants in Laos

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Usefulness and limitations of sample pooling for environmental DNA metabarcoding of freshwater fish communities

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Ant Droplet Dynamics Evolve via Individual Decision-Making

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Specific eukaryotic plankton are good predictors of net community production in the Western Antarctic Peninsula

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Quantifying the anisotropy and tortuosity of permeable pathways in clay-rich mudstones using models based on X-ray tomography

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On the occurrence of intracolonial genotypic variability in highly clonal populations of the hydrocoral Millepora platyphylla at Moorea (French Polynesia)

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Identifying critical recruitment bottlenecks limiting seedling establishment in a degraded seagrass ecosystem

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Carcinoma mucoepidermoide de bajo grado de glándula salival menor de lengua en un paciente pediátrico

Publication date: Available online 31 October 2017
Source:Acta Otorrinolaringológica Española
Author(s): María Fernanda Vargas Gamarra, José María Perolada Vilmaña, Miguel Armengot Carceller




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Effect of luting agent on the load to failure and accelerated-fatigue resistance of lithium disilicate laminate veneers

Publication date: Available online 1 November 2017
Source:Dental Materials
Author(s): Marco M.M. Gresnigt, Mutlu Özcan, Marco Carvalho, Priscilla Lazari, Marco S. Cune, Peywand Razavi, Pascal Magne
ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the luting agent on the application of laminate veneers (LVs) in an accelerated fatigue and load-to-failure test after thermo-cyclic aging.MethodsSound maxillary central incisors (N=40) were randomly divided into four groups to receive LVs (Li2Si2O5) that were adhesively bonded: Group CEMF: Adhesive cement (Variolink Esthetic LC), fatigue test; Group CEMLF: Adhesive cement, load-to-failure test; Group COMF: Resin composite (Enamel HFO), fatigue test; Group COMLF: Resin composite, load-to-failure test. The specimens were thermo-mechanically aged (1.2×10⁶ cycles at 1.7Hz/50N, 8000 cycles 5–55°C) and then subjected to either accelerated fatigue (5Hz, 25N increasing after each 500 cycles) or load to failure (1mm/min). Failure types were classified and data analyzed using chi-square, Kaplan Meier survival, Log Rank (Mantel–Cox) and independent-samples t-test.ResultsAfter thermo-mechanical aging, fracture resistance (p<0.000) was higher in the composite groups. Kaplan Meier survival rates showed significant difference (p<0.001) between the composite (mean load: 1165N; mean cycles: 22.595) and the cement groups (mean load: 762.5N; mean cycles: 14.569). The same differences were observed in the load to failure test (cement M=629.4N, SD±212.82 and composite M=927.59N, SD±261.06); t (18)=−2.80, p=0.01. Failure types were observed as fractures and chipping in group CEMF, all other groups were predominantly adhesive failures between the luting agent and the laminate veneer.SignificanceThe delivery of laminate veneers using a direct restorative composite rather than a resin cement resulted in significantly less chipping and fractures, higher fracture strength in both accelerated fatigue and load-to-failure.



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Reliability of an adherence monitoring sensor embedded in an oral appliance used for treatment of obstructive sleep apnea

Summary

The aim of this study was to test if digitally registered use of a Mandibular Advancement Device (MAD) by a built-in thermal sensor was reliable compared to a self-reported diary of MAD use. Eighty consecutive patients referred to a specialist outpatient sleep medicine clinic (HUS) were recruited. Patients of both genders aged from 25 to 70 years with a diagnosis of mild to moderate or severe OSA, were included. All participants signed a written informed consent when they received the MAD. For the purpose of this reliability study, we found it sufficient to include the first 30 nights of MAD use in the reliability analysis. At the 30^th night follow-up visit, the self-reported diary with duration of MAD use was returned and data on the duration of MAD use with the built-in sensor were retrieved. From a total of 2400 nights, complete data from both methods were retrieved for 2108 nights (84.6%). Missing data were largely a result of missing self-reported diaries, whereas technical failure occurred in 6 nights (0.002%). The relative reliability was very high with ICC_3,1 0.847 and the absolute reliability for digitally registered MAD usage was calculated to - 0.17 (95% CI: 1.47 to -1.81) hours in decimal conversion. Objectively collected data from built-in thermal sensors in MADs is as reliable as that of the self-report assessments. This opens new possibilities for more accurate measurements of MAD adherence.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Analysis of masticatory muscle coordination during unilateral single-tooth clenching using muscle functional MRI

Abstract

Background

In a previous study, we used muscle functional magnetic resonance imaging to show that the anterior movement of the occlusal point increased the activity of the superior head of the ipsilateral lateral pterygoid muscle (ipsilateral SHLP) during unilateral single-tooth clenching.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to verify the hypothesis that the increased activity of the ipsilateral SHLP described above serves to antagonize the occlusal force acting on the condyle.

Methods

In total, nine healthy volunteers were requested to perform left unilateral clenching at the first molar or first premolar region for one minute at 20% or 40% maximum voluntary clenching force. Changes in the mean proton transverse relaxation time (∆T2) were examined from the magnetic resonance images obtained before and after each clenching act as an index of the activity in all masticatory muscles. Correlation analyses of the mean ΔT2 for each volume of interest were performed with the first molar or premolar clenches to analyze the correlation between the activities in each muscle.

Results

A statistically significant correlation was exhibited between the ipsilateral temporal and ipsilateral SHLP (r = 0.651, p = 0.003) during first premolar clenching. However, no significant correlations were observed in the ipsilateral SHLP during first molar clenching.

Conclusion

The results of this study suggest that the ipsilateral SHLP may contribute to the pulling of the mandibular condyle forward against the occlusal force generated by the ipsilateral temporal muscle.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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A multi-centre randomized clinical trial of oral hygiene interventions following stroke – a 6-months trial

Abstract

Background

Maintaining good oral hygiene is important following stroke.

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of two oral health promotion (OHP) programmes to reduce dental plaque levels following stroke.

Methods

A multi-center randomized clinical control trial was conducted among patients hospitalised following stroke in Malaysia. Patients were randomly allocated to two OHP groups: i) control group who received the conventional method for plaque control - daily manual tooth brushing with a standardized commercial toothpaste, ii) test group - who received an intense method for plaque control - daily powered tooth brushing with 1% Chlorhexidine gel. Oral health assessments were performed at baseline, at 3-months and 6-months post intervention. Within and between group changes in dental plaque were assessed over time. Regression analyses were conducted on dental plaque levels at 6-months controlling for OHP group, medical, dental and socio-demographic status.

Results

The retention rate was 62.7% (54/86 subjects). Significant within-group changes of dental plaque levels were evident among the test group (p<0.001) and the control group (p<0.001). No significant between-group changes of dental plaque levels were apparent (p>0.05). Regression analyses identified that baseline plaque levels (adjusted ß=0.79, p<0.001) and baseline functional dependency level (adjusted ß=-0.27, p<0.05) were associated with dental plaques levels at the end of the trial (6-months).

Conclusion

Both, 'Conventional' and 'Intense' oral health promotion programmes may successfully reduce dental plaque during stroke rehabilitation and are of comparable effectiveness. Baseline dental plaque levels and functional dependency level were key factors associated with dental plaque levels at follow-up at 6-months.

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