It's known as bruxism and according to the Canadian Sleep Society , about eight per cent of adults and 14 per cent of kids report grinding their teeth a few times a week. "I'd say the majority of people experience at least some grinding," Dr. Larry Levin, president of the Canadian Dental Association, says.
Patients with rheumatic disease are at risk for infections. Evaluating antitumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF) drug-associated risk of infections requires justification of baseline risk in the population at high risk of infection. We examined the incidence of active tuberculosis (TB) and its risk factors in patients with rheumatic disease started with anti-TNF-α therapy or with existing disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy.
A retrospective cohort study of anti-TNF-α therapy new users (anti-TNF-α group) and those starting with a DMARD after the failure of at least one other DMARD or who had added to existing DMARD treatment (DMARD group) for rheumatic disease in the largest medical setting in Taiwan from 1 January 2005 through 31 November 2013 was conducted to determine relative risk of TB between patient groups. Patients in the DMARD group were stratified into "mild" and "severe" disease severity as proxies for low and high background risk of infection.
A total of 3640 patients were enrolled (anti-TNF: 955; DMARD: 2685). The incidence of TB was 903.9/100 000 patient-years for anti-TNF-α new users and 391.7/100 000 patient-years for DMARD switchers. In Cox regression model, adjusted HR for TB in the anti-TNF-α group was higher than for the entire DMARD group (aHR, 2.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-4.85), subgroup with mild disease (2.91; 1.31-6.47) and subgroup with severe disease (1.65; 0.68-4.03). Significant independent risk factors for TB were being male, age ≥60 years, history of respiratory disease, glucocorticoids dose >7.5 mg/d and living in a TB-prevalent region.
Anti-TNF-α therapy was independently associated with increased risk of TB in patients with mild disease, but it was not significantly correlated in patients with severe disease after adjusting for confounders.
A retrospective new user cohort was conducted to evaluate antitumor necrosis factor-α (anti-TNF-α) therapy-associated risk of tuberculosis in patients with rheumatic disease. Anti-TNF-α therapy was independently associated with increased risk of TB in patients with mild disease, but it does not remain significantly correlated in patients with severe disease after adjusting for confounders.
Hypertension, a major risk factor for adverse cardiovascular events, such as stroke and myocardial infarction, affects 80 million American adults. The aetiology of hypertension is multifaceted and difficult to identify. Dopamine receptors, especially those in the kidneys, play a role in blood pressure regulation, and alterations in their function can cause hypertension. The objective of this review was to investigate the association between the use of dopamine antagonists with hypertension focusing especially on second-generation antipsychotics, like clozapine that is D4 receptor antagonist.
A literature review was conducted using MEDLINE, Ovid, Science Direct, Web of Science and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews databases with keywords:hypertension, hypotension, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, dopaminergic receptors, blood pressure, antipsychotics. Inclusion criteria were human or animal studies, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, case report/series, published in selected for inclusion.
All 5 dopamine receptor subtypes (ie D1, D2, D3, D4 and D5) regulate sodium excretion and BP. The D1, D3 and D4 receptors interact directly with the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, whereas D2 and D5 receptors directly interact with the sympathetic nervous system to regulate BP. Use of dopaminergic agonists or antagonists could therefore disturb the regulation of BP by dopamine receptors.
Based upon this review, individuals on antipsychotic agents, particularly clozapine, should be routinely monitored for hypertension, and addition of antihypertensive agents such as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) is indicated if hypertension occurs.
Dopamine receptors play a role in blood pressure regulation. The objective of this review is to investigate the association between dopamine antagonist use and hypertension. Based upon this review, individuals on antipsychotic agents, particularly clozapine, should have blood pressure routinely monitored, and addition of antihypertensive agents such as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) may be indicated.
X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) epigenetically silences transcription of an X chromosome in females; patterns of XCI are thought to be aberrant in women's cancers, but are understudied due to statistical challenges. We develop a two-stage statistical framework to assess skewed XCI and evaluate gene-level patterns of XCI for an individual sample by integration of RNA sequence, copy number alteration, and genotype data. Our method relies on allele-specific expression (ASE) to directly measure XCI and does not rely on male samples or paired normal tissue for comparison. We model ASE using a two-component mixture of beta distributions, allowing estimation for a given sample of the degree of skewness (based on a composite likelihood ratio test) and the posterior probability that a given gene escapes XCI (using a Bayesian beta-binomial mixture model). To illustrate the utility of our approach, we applied these methods to data from tumors of ovarian cancer patients. Among 99 patients, 45 tumors were informative for analysis and showed evidence of XCI skewed toward a particular parental chromosome. For 397 X-linked genes, we observed tumor XCI patterns largely consistent with previously identified consensus states based on multiple normal tissue types. However, 37 genes differed in XCI state between ovarian tumors and the consensus state; 17 genes aberrantly escaped XCI in ovarian tumors (including many oncogenes), whereas 20 genes were unexpectedly inactivated in ovarian tumors (including many tumor suppressor genes). These results provide evidence of the importance of XCI in ovarian cancer and demonstrate the utility of our two-stage analysis.
Orthognathic surgery is associated with considerable swelling and neurosensory disturbances. Serious swelling can lead to great physical and psychological strain. A randomized, prospective, controlled clinical...
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Gastric duplication cysts are rare and mostly present in the first year of life. In adulthood presentation is in the form of obstruction, ulceration, bleeding, fistulization etc. Malignancy is extremely rare with only 12 cases reported to date. We came across a gastric duplication cyst with papillary adenocarcinoma in a 63 year old man. He underwent cyst excision with radical subtotal gastrectomy. The awareness of such a condition made it possible for us to have a suspicion of malignancy preoperatively based on imaging and thus a radical surgery was performed. High index of suspicion is necessary to diagnose this condition preoperatively on CT scan. Literature review revealed that this is the first case to be reported from India.
Variation in iodine food composition data has a major impact on estimates of iodine intake in young children
Variation in iodine food composition data has a major impact on estimates of iodine intake in young children, Published online: 09 November 2017; doi:10.1038/s41430-017-0030-9
Influence of gestational weight gain on low birth weight in short-statured South Indian pregnant women
Influence of gestational weight gain on low birth weight in short-statured South Indian pregnant women, Published online: 09 November 2017; doi:10.1038/s41430-017-0027-4
"I have seen my death!" Those were the words uttered by Bertha Roentgen upon viewing a skeletal photo of her hand. Her husband, Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen, a Bavarian physicist, produced this first radiograph of the human body after discovering X-rays on Nov. 8, 1895.
The aim of this study is to identify the oral health status and treatment needs of Special Olympics athletes with intellectual disabilities from 181 countries by the assessment of oral health parameters and differences between world regions.
Data were collected through interview and oral examinations within the Healthy Athletes Screening. These data were analysed with descriptive statistics of oral health parameters of athletes from Africa, Asia Pacific, East Asia, Europe/Eurasia, Latin America, Middle East North Africa (MENA) and North America. Mean differences of untreated visible dental caries, gingival signs and missing teeth were tested between regions by one-way ANOVA test and between age groups (8–11, 12–18, 19–39 and 40+) by chi-square tests for multiple comparisons with Hochberg-adjusted p value. The level of significance for all tests was set at a p value < 0.05.
A total of 149,272 athletes with intellectual disabilities were screened. More than 80% of the athletes reported that they cleaned their mouths at least once a day. Athletes in Europe/Eurasia, Latin America, and MENA presented higher rates of signs of gingival disease than other regions. The prevalence of untreated dental caries was significantly higher in Latin America and the group of 8–11-year-olds from Latin America, Europe/Eurasia and Asia Pacific.
The data provided by this study demonstrate that continuous efforts for preventive and restorative oral health care are needed for the oral health of these athletes with ID especially in Latin America, MENA and Europe/Eurasia regions.
Invasive fungal disease is a serious infectious complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Exserohilum rostratum is a species causing phaeohyphomycosis, which rarely causes invasive disease in humans. We treated a case of sinusitis caused by E. rostratum after cord blood transplantation (CBT). A 60-year-old man with myelodysplastic syndrome, who had a medical history of an operation to correct deviation of the nasal septum, developed sinusitis caused by E. rostratum under prolonged profound neutropenia after a second CBT because of the graft rejection of the first transplantation. Liposomal amphotericin B improved the sinusitis. A literature review revealed nine reported cases of sinusitis caused by E. rostratum, including our case. Although five cases had severe neutropenia at onset (HSCT recipients, n = 2; aplastic anemia, n = 3), the remaining four had no preexisting immunosuppressive conditions. However, three of the four patients had preexisting nasal diseases with or without a history of surgery, as in our case. Excluding our case, the outcome was fatal in five neutropenic patients, whereas the four patients without neutropenia recovered. Although sinusitis caused by E. rostratum is rare, E. rostratum should be recognized as a possible pathogen causing sinusitis in highly immunosuppressed patients such as HSCT recipients. Preexisting nasal disease and/or nasal surgery could be risks for this infection.
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Radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RFT) is used widely for the treatment of idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia (TN). Precise puncture and placement of the electrode needle tip are crucial for successful RFT. This technical note introduces a novel method for performing RFT using a customized, three-dimensionally (3D)-printed guide plate. Eleven patients with idiopathic TN were treated using this method between February and July 2016. Three had V2 branch TN and eight had V3 branch TN. Punctures in eight patients were successful at the first attempt; slight adjustments were required subsequently in the other three patients. (Source: International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery)
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Regular monitoring of free flaps is essential after microvascular free tissue transfer, but the frequency and duration of the observations vary between units and there is no consensus nationally. Best practice can be informed by the feedback of patients, but as we know of no such studies, we did a cross-sectional survey of a consecutive group of patients after free tissue transfer to find out what they thought about monitoring. We designed a study-specific questionnaire after consultation with the patient and carer forum, and sent it to 150 patients who had had free tissue transfer in the maxillofacial department at Aintree University Hospital during 2015 and 2016.
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Screening is vital to reducing morbidity and mortality due to cancer. A primary cause of poor survival is that many cancers are detected late and often after they have metastasized to distant sites. Therapies, therefore, become challenging for late-stage disease and are not successful for nearly all cancer types. The mortality rates from cancers where screening tools are available are lower than from cancers for which no viable screening tools exist. Even for cancers where screening tools currently exist, there is room for improvement, either in the accuracy of the tests or in increasing widespread use of screening by making the tests less invasive.
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Radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RFT) is used widely for the treatment of idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia (TN). Precise puncture and placement of the electrode needle tip are crucial for successful RFT. This technical note introduces a novel method for performing RFT using a customized, three-dimensionally (3D)-printed guide plate. Eleven patients with idiopathic TN were treated using this method between February and July 2016. Three had V2 branch TN and eight had V3 branch TN. Punctures in eight patients were successful at the first attempt; slight adjustments were required subsequently in the other three patients.
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The incidence of anaphylaxis is increasing in several parts of the world; thus, determining the prevalence of the disease in a given region is important to understand the factors involved and to promote measur...
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Do you want to up your dental game with an electric toothbrush at a good price? The Sonicare 2 Series might be for you. It doesn't have a plethora of modes or hip color choices, but it's very effective -- your dentist will be pleased! The Sonicare 2 Series is a workhorse from a trusted dental brand and it's a great choice for an electric toothbrush newbie looking to up their hygiene.
After publication of the article [1], it has been brought to our attention that Table 1 has been formatted poorly in the original version so that the columns are not aligned with their corresponding informatio...
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Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals will require careful allocation of resources in order to achieve the highest impact. The Lives Saved Tool (LiST) has been used widely to calculate the impact of mate...
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On 5 March 2015, Taiwan Centers for Disease Control was notified of more than 200 students with gastroenteritis at a senior high school during excursion to Kenting. We conducted an outbreak investigation to id...
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Measles vaccination effectiveness studies showed dramatic decreases in all-cause mortality in excess of what would be expected from the prevention of measles disease alone. This invited speculation that measle...
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As part of postoperative cochlear implant (CI) diagnostics, speech comprehension tests are performed to monitor audiological outcome. In recent years, a trend toward improved suprathreshold speech intelligibility in quiet and an extension of intelligibility to softer sounds has been observed. Parallel to audiometric data, analysis of the patients' acoustic environment can take place by means of data logging in modern CI systems.
Which speech test levels reflect the individual listening environment in a relevant manner and how can these be reflected in a clinical audiometric setting?
In a retrospective analysis, data logs of 263 adult CI patients were evaluated for sound level and the listening situation (quiet, speech in quiet, noise, speech in noise, music, and wind). Additionally, monosyllabic word comprehension in quiet was analyzed in experienced CI users at presentation levels of 40–80 dB.
For the sound level in the acoustic environment of postlingually deafened adult CI users, data logging shows a maximum occurrence of speech signals in the range of 50–59 dB. This demonstrates the relevance of everyday speech comprehension at levels below 60 dB.
Individual optimization of speech intelligibility with a CI speech processor should not be performed in the range of 65–70 dB only, but also at lower levels. Measurements at 50 dB currently seem to be a useful addition.
Variants of ALPK1 with ABCG2, SLC2A9, and SLC22A12 increased the positive predictive value for gout
Variants of <i>ALPK1</i> with <i>ABCG2</i>, <i>SLC2A9</i>, and <i>SLC22A12</i> increased the positive predictive value for gout, Published online: 08 November 2017; doi:10.1038/s10038-017-0368-9
Genetic and clinical characteristics in Japanese hereditary breast and ovarian cancer: first report after establishment of HBOC registration system in Japan
Genetic and clinical characteristics in Japanese hereditary breast and ovarian cancer: first report after establishment of HBOC registration system in Japan, Published online: 08 November 2017; doi:10.1038/s10038-017-0355-1
Angiosarcomas are rare aggressive endothelial tumours, and are associated with a poor prognosis. Due to their vascular nature, there is great interest in their response to anti-angiogenic agents. A number of small prospective studies have reported angiosarcoma response to vascular-targeted agents, including agents that target vascular endothelial growth factor. To date, the response to these agents has been disappointing, and similar to the response observed in other soft tissue sarcoma subtypes. This short review will summarise the recent data in this field.
Patients susceptible to periodontal disease and dental caries, including those who undergo fixed prosthodontic treatments use chemical plaque control agents. However, these mouthrinses may result in adverse effects such as discoloration of the restorative materials. The aim of this study was to compare the color stability of monolithic zirconia and feldspathic porcelain after immersion in two different mouthrinses: 0.2% Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX), or Listerine®. Color change was evaluated by color spectrophotometer and according to the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIELab) system.
We prepared 72 disc-shaped porcelains (n = 36) as follows: Group A consisted of dental direkt cube X2 discs (49% translucency) as the monolithic zirconia and group B consisted of VITA VMK 95 as a feldspathic porcelain. Groups A and B were divided into three subgroups (n = 12 per group). Each subgroup was immersed in one of the following three solutions: distilled water (control), CHX, or Listerine® for 2 min, once per day. We recorded the samples' baseline color values according to the CIELab system by using a color spectrophotometer operated by an experienced operator. Color measurements were subsequently obtained following 7 days of immersion, and after the samples were rinsed with distilled water and allowed to dry. We measured CIE L*, a*, and b*and calculated the color difference (ΔE*ab). All data were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests.
Color changes occurred in the experimental groups. The ΔE*ab values were significantly greater in VMK 95 porcelain compared to cube X2 (both p < 0.001) following immersion in CHX and Listerine® mouthrinses. However no significant difference was founded when distilled water was used (p = 0.630). For the two materials, the ΔE values were highest in CHX, followed by the Listerine® and distilled water.
Both monolithic zirconia and feldspathic porcelain were susceptible to color changes following immersion in CHX and Listerine® mouthrinses.
Kroger stores in Michigan are recalling select bulk dark chocolate products following the GKI Foods LLC recall of dark chocolate products due to an undeclared milk allergen. People who have an allergy or severe sensitivity to milk run the risk of a serious or life-threatening allergic reaction if they consume this product.
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To investigate physical characteristics and behaviours of dental pulp cells of teeth isolated from a dentinogenesis imperfecta (DGI) patient with a novel DSPP mutation.
Whole exome and Sanger sequencing were employed to identify mutations. Physical characteristics of the teeth were examined. Pulp cells' behaviors including cell proliferation, colony forming unit, osteogenic differentiation, pluripotent markers, and mesenchymal stem cell markers were investigated.
The proband had opalescent brown primary teeth with extensive loss of enamel. Mutation analysis revealed a novel heterozygous 4-bp deletion, c.1915_1918delAAGT (p.K639QfsX674), in exon 5 of the DSPP associated with DGI. Analysis of the extracted primary incisor demonstrated a decrease in brightness but an increase in yellow and red chroma. The dentin showed reduced mineral density. The dentinal tubules were present in the predentin, but progressively collapsed in the dentin. The pulp cells exhibited markedly reduced CD105 expression, decreased cell proliferation, and smaller colony forming units.
We identified a novel mutation in the DSPP gene which disturbed dentin characteristics and pulp cells' behaviours. Our study expands the mutation spectrum and understanding of pathologic dentin phenotypes related to the frameshift deletion in the DPP region of the DSPP gene.
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The value of salivary gland scintigraphy in the diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome remains controversial. The primary aim of this study was to estimate the diagnostic accuracy of salivary gland scintigraphy in the diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome among 237 patients with xerostomia.
We retrospectively compared eight scintigraphy parameters between 106 Sjögren patients and 131 non-Sjögren patients.
Seven of the eight parameters were significantly decreased in Sjögren patients; however their diagnostic accuracy was low, with AUCs ranging from 0.58 (95% CI 0.50-0.65) to 0.63 (95% CI: 0.55-0.70). The prestimulatory oral activity index allowed discrimination between primary and secondary Sjögren's syndrome (AUC 0.73, 95% CI: 0.62-0.84) and the secretion velocity for parotid glands allowed discrimination between Sjögren patients and Burning Mouth Syndrome patients (AUC 0.71, 95% CI 0.59-0.82).
The accuracy of scintigraphy parameters for the diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome among patients with xerostomia was low, however, some functional indices appeared to assist discrimination between primary and secondary SS patients and between sub-groups of patients with different causes of xerostomia.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Publication date: Available online 7 November 2017
Source:American Journal of Otolaryngology
Author(s): Zhengcai Lou
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The objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of a calcium hydroxide intracanal dressing (CH) on the short- and long-term sealing ability of the root canal filling using capillary flow porometry (CFP).
To verify the repeatability of the method, five obturated specimens were submitted to CFP. Measurements were repeated three times and compared with the non-parametric Friedman test. Forty-five instrumented palatal roots were randomly divided into three groups. Group 1: specimens were obturated in one step without placement of any dressing. Group 2: CH was placed and removed after 1 week with syringe irrigation before obturation. Group 3: CH was placed and removed after 1 week with ultrasonic activation before obturation. CFP measurements were conducted at 1 week and 6 months after obturation. The inter-group comparisons were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and the intra-group comparison over time using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Significance level was set at 0.05.
In the five specimens, no difference could be detected between the consecutive measurements for minimum, mean flow, and maximum pore diameter indicating repeatability of the method. No difference in sealing ability could be detected neither between the 3 groups at 1 week and at 6 months nor within each group between the 1 week and the 6 months measurements.
Placement of a CH did not affect significantly the short- and long-term sealing ability of the root canal filling.
The use of an intermediary CH does not negatively influence the quality of the root canal filling.
The purpose was to analyze mandibular kinematics and maximum voluntary bite force in patients following segmental resection of the mandible without and with reconstruction (autologous bone, alloplastic total temporomandibular joint replacement (TMJ TJR)).
Subjects operated from April 2002 to August 2014 were enrolled in the study. Condylar (CRoM) and incisal (InRoM) range of motion and deflection during opening, condylar retrusion, incisal lateral excursion, mandibular rotation angle during opening, and maximum voluntary bite force were determined on the non-affected site and compared between groups. Influence of co-factors (defect size, soft tissue deficit, neck dissection, radiotherapy, occlusal contact zones (OCZ), and time) was determined.
Twelve non-reconstructed and 26 reconstructed patients (13 autologous, 13 TMJ TJR) were included in the study. InRoM opening and bite force were significantly higher (P ≤ .024), and both condylar and incisal deflection during opening significantly lower (P ≤ .027) in reconstructed patients compared with non-reconstructed. Differences between the autologous and the TMJ TJR group were statistically not significant. Co-factors defect size, soft tissue deficit, and neck dissection had the greatest impact on kinematics and number of OCZs on bite force.
Reconstructed patients (both autologous and TMJ TJR) have better overall function than non-reconstructed patients.
Reconstruction of segmental mandibular resection has positive effects on mandibular function. TMJ TJR seems to be a suitable technique for the reconstruction of mandibular defects including the TMJ complex.
(Source: The Laryngoscope)
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ConclusionExpiratory functions were depressed in postradiated HNC aspirators relative to nonaspirators, suggesting that airway protection impairments may extend beyond disrupted laryngopharyngeal mechanisms in the local treatment field. Exercises to strengthen subglottic expiratory force‐generating capacity may offer an adjunctive therapeutic target to improve airway protection in chronic aspirators after head and neck radiotherapy. Level of Evidence2b. Laryngoscope, 2017 (Source: The Laryngoscope)
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ConclusionsTen percent systemic dehydration induced vocal fold dehydration as assessed by PD‐weighted MRI. Changes in the hydration state of vocal fold tissue were highly correlated with that of the salivary glands in dehydrated rats in vivo. These preliminary findings demonstrate the feasibility of using PD‐weighted MRI to quantify hydration states of the vocal folds and lay the foundation for further studies that explore more routine and realistic magnitudes of systemic dehydration and rehydration. Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 2017 (Source: The Laryngoscope)
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ConclusionsThese results suggest that the addition of montelukast to INCS should not be recommended in the treatment of postoperative CRSwNP patients. Level of Evidence1b Laryngoscope, 2017 (Source: The Laryngoscope)
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(Source: The Laryngoscope)
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ConclusionThe stability of the CTJ directly influences VF during singing. This is the first study to show this relationship in vivo. Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 2017 (Source: The Laryngoscope)
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(Source: The Laryngoscope)
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ConclusionsA risk prediction model for patients with advanced larynx cancer, consisting of readily available clinical variables, gives more accurate estimations of the estimated 5‐year survival rate when compared to a model based on T and N classification alone. Level of Evidence2c Laryngoscope, 2017 (Source: The Laryngoscope)
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ConclusionThe decrease in RMS head acceleration and velocity while wearing cochlear implants suggests that they could be recognized as balance implants in addition to auditory implants. The clinical importance of this finding in various patient populations remains to be determined. Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 2017 (Source: The Laryngoscope)
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ConclusionThe 3D high‐definition endoscopic system improves the precision of endoscopic nasopharyngectomy, particularly when dissection of the internal carotid artery and dura is required. Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 2017 (Source: The Laryngoscope)
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ConclusionsRadio‐anatomical data and a case study demonstrate that a PCF allows complete endoscopic repair of the nasal septum. Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 2017 (Source: The Laryngoscope)
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ConclusionWe conclude that the outcomes of OT are not strongly influenced by the training regimen. However, further investigation of OT regimens is required, particularly with regard to training duration. Level of Evidence2b. Laryngoscope, 2017 (Source: The Laryngoscope)
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ConclusionsFamilies counseled regarding treatment options using shared decision‐making tools had significantly less decisional conflict than those who did not use these tools. These positive outcomes suggest that clinicians should consider integrating this approach into clinical practice. Level of Evidence1b Laryngoscope, 2017 (Source: The Laryngoscope)
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Association between within-visit systolic blood pressure variability and development of pre-diabetes and diabetes among overweight/obese individuals
Association between within-visit systolic blood pressure variability and development of pre-diabetes and diabetes among overweight/obese individuals, Published online: 07 November 2017; doi:10.1038/s41371-017-0009-y
In this review, we will integrate recent knowledge on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and allergy, thereby highlighting the therapeutic potential of ER stress in the context of precision medicine for allergic diseases.
Emerging evidence suggests that allergic diseases are very heterogeneous having numerous endotypes. This leads to the new era of modern medicine, which assumes that a particular endotype-driven therapy, called precision medicine, would be more efficacious in a specific group of patients rather than in all patients. Currently, a dichotomy involving type 2/non-type 2 immune response underlies most of the studies on inflammatory and immunologic mechanisms of allergic disorders. Whereas there are several approved or investigational endotype-driven therapeutic agents targeting type 2 immune responses, investigation of mechanisms and endotype-driven interventions regarding non-type 2 immune response lags far behind.
Considering that non-type 2 immune response may represent a significant proportion of allergic disease, particularly corticosteroid-resistant severe disease, defining a novel concept of endotype-driven approach may be essential. Recently, stress responses originate from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the associated inflammatory molecular platform has been suggested as a crucial player of immune and inflammatory responses. This implies that ER stress-related pathways may represent a new endotype-driven therapeutic strategy in the treatment of allergic diseases.
This review describes the recent findings from epidemiological studies on endodontic infections. The recent literature was screened for studies on the prevalence of primary apical periodontitis and posttreatment apical periodontitis in various populations.
Twenty-nine articles reporting data on the prevalence of primary or posttreatment apical periodontitis from all over the world were included. The prevalence of apical periodontitis varied between 7 and 86%, while that of posttreatment apical periodontitis varied between 10 and 62%. The quality of the coronal restoration and the root filling appears to be the major predictors of apical periodontitis.
The recent findings from epidemiological studies on the prevalence of primary and posttreatment apical periodontitis in various populations are not substantially different from those from earlier years. It appears that the health of periapical tissues has not majorly improved in the general population.
Child environmental exposures to water and sand at the beach: Findings from studies of over 68,000 subjects at 12 beaches
Child environmental exposures to water and sand at the beach: Findings from studies of over 68,000 subjects at 12 beaches, Published online: 08 November 2017; doi:10.1038/jes.2017.23
Consumer product chemical weight fractions from ingredient lists
Consumer product chemical weight fractions from ingredient lists, Published online: 08 November 2017; doi:10.1038/jes.2017.29
Child environmental exposures to water and sand at the beach: Findings from studies of over 68,000 subjects at 12 beaches
Child environmental exposures to water and sand at the beach: Findings from studies of over 68,000 subjects at 12 beaches, Published online: 08 November 2017; doi:10.1038/jes.2017.23
Consumer product chemical weight fractions from ingredient lists
Consumer product chemical weight fractions from ingredient lists, Published online: 08 November 2017; doi:10.1038/jes.2017.29
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Child environmental exposures to water and sand at the beach: Findings from studies of over 68,000 subjects at 12 beaches
Child environmental exposures to water and sand at the beach: Findings from studies of over 68,000 subjects at 12 beaches, Published online: 08 November 2017; doi:10.1038/jes.2017.23
Consumer product chemical weight fractions from ingredient lists
Consumer product chemical weight fractions from ingredient lists, Published online: 08 November 2017; doi:10.1038/jes.2017.29
A sleazy patient touched a dentist's bottom and sent a sex toy to the practice where she works during a six-month campaign of harassment. Pervert Andrew Robson claimed his mind had been "contaminated" after watching porn dvds when he started to send the woman numerous sexually explicit letters, a court heard.
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Risk of adverse events with the addition of targeted agents to endocrine therapy in patients with hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Cancer Treat Rev. 2017 Oct 28;:
Authors: Martel S, Bruzzone M, Ceppi M, Maurer C, Ponde NF, Ferreira AR, Viglietti G, Del Mastro L, Prady C, de Azambuja E, Lambertini M
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Combining targeted agents and endocrine therapy (ET) improves outcomes in hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer patients but increases the risk of adverse events (AEs). This meta-analysis aims to estimate the comparative risk of AEs with ET in addition to targeted agents in this setting.
METHODS: A systematic literature search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and conference proceedings up to July 17th 2017 was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials investigating ET with or without CDK4/6, mTOR, PI3K inhibitors and anti-HER2 agents. We calculated summary risk estimates (odds ratio, OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each AE within each class of targeted agents for each trial, and pooled analysis using the random and fixed effect models.
RESULTS: Sixteen studies (n=8529 patients) were included. The addition of targeted agents to ET was associated with a significant higher risk of grade 3-4 AEs: OR 2.86 (95% CI 2.49-3.27) for CDK4/6 inhibitors, 1.88 (95% CI 1.39-2.53) for mTOR inhibitors, 2.05 (95% CI 1.63-2.58) for PI3K inhibitors, and 2.48 (95% CI 1.09-5.66) for anti-HER2 agents. The highest class-specific risks were neutropenia grade 3-4 for CDK4/6 inhibitors (OR 40.77; 95% CI 19.52-85.19), stomatitis grade 3-4 for mTOR inhibitors (OR 11.92; 95% CI 3.68-38.57), hyperglycemia grade 3-4 for PI3K inhibitors (OR 40.93; 95% CI 10.08-166.22) and diarrhea for anti-HER2 agents (OR 9.93; 95% CI 4.71-20.95).
CONCLUSIONS: Adding targeted agents to ET is associated with a significant increased risk of AEs. The risk of developing different AEs varies largely according to the type of agent used.
PMID: 29108713 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
In two clinical trials conducted through Stony Brook University Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, the ECD was up to 96% accurate in detecting microscopic pre-cavity enamel lesions in the biting surfaces of molars and premolars. There were no false negative readings in either study.
The ECD was developed by a team of researchers led by Israel Kleinberg, DDS, PhD, DSc, Distinguished Professor in the Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, and Director of the Division of Translational Oral Biology at Stony Brook. "We believe the ECD is a new paradigm in oral care," said Dr. Kleinberg. "This device will help dental professionals diagnose and monitor pre-cavitated lesions in enamel that cannot be detected by x-rays. This will enable the dental practitioner to design an appropriate treatment plan that could include minimally invasive care."
A battery-powered device, the ECD uses electrical conductance to accurately diagnose and monitor enamel lesions. Tooth enamel is electrically non-conductive unless breached by fracture or demineralization. When teeth begin to lose minerals, dentinal fluid from within the tooth percolates through the breached enamel site and enables the ECD to complete its electrical circuit. The ECD features a handpiece with a novel probe tip and can precisely measure the amount of dentinal fluid in the pits and fissures of molars and premolars. The more fluid the ECD detects, the greater the severity or extent of the cavity or pre-cavity enamel lesion. This data is numerically displayed on the ECD base unit.
"The FDA clearance for the ECD is a significant milestone for Ortek and a new, important tool for dental professionals," said Mitchell Goldberg, President of Ortek. Dental cavities are the most prevalent chronic disease globally. Throughout the world, 60–90% of school-age children are affected by tooth decay and approximately 2.5 billion people suffer from untreated dental cavities. "The ECD is a safe pain-free system and is designed to rapidly aid dental professionals to diagnose and monitor enamel lesions in the grooves of the back teeth. These tooth surfaces have the highest rates of decay, especially in children," continued Goldberg.
Ortek anticipates the ECD will be commercially available next year. Patents covering the ECD have been awarded throughout the world and in the United States.
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Non-syndromic tooth agenesis (NSTA) is the most common developmental anomaly in humans. Several studies have been conducted on dental agenesis and numerous genes have been identified. However, the pathogenic mechanisms responsible for NSTA are not clearly understood. We studied a group of 28 patients with sporadic NSTA and nine patients with a family history of tooth agenesis. We focused on four genes – paired box 9 (PAX9), Wnt family member 10A (WNT10A), msh homeobox 1 (MSX1), and axin 2 (AXIN2) – using direct Sanger sequencing of the exons and intron–exon boundaries. The most prevalent variants identified in PAX9 and AXIN2 genes were analyzed using the chi-square test. The sequencing results revealed a number of variants in the AXIN2 gene, including one novel missense mutation in one patient with agenesis of a single second premolar. We also identified one variant in the AXIN2 gene as being a putative risk factor for tooth agenesis. Only one missense mutation was identified in the WNT10A gene and this mutation was found in two patients. Interestingly, WNT10A is reported as the most prevalent gene mutated in the European population with NSTA.
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Neuroprotective effect of Ruminococcus albus on oxidatively stressed SH-SY5Y cells and animals.
Sci Rep. 2017 Nov 06;7(1):14520
Authors: Park J, Lee J, Yeom Z, Heo D, Lim YH
Abstract
Recent evidence shows that the gut microbiota has an important role in gut-brain crosstalk and is linked to neuronal disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of intestinal Ruminococcus albus with probiotic potential on neuroprotection in oxidatively stressed SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and animals. To investigate these effects, conditioned medium was prepared using Caco-2 cells cultured with heat-killed R. albus (CRA-CM). Caco-2 cells cultured with heat-killed R. albus showed increased BDNF expression and BDNF protein levels increased in CRA-CM. CRA-CM up-regulated the protein expression levels of SRF, C-fos and CDK2. In addition, CRA-CM protected SH-SY5Y cells from H2O2-induced cell death. CRA-CM significantly decreased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in oxidatively stressed SH-SY5Y cells. Animal experiments showed that oral administration of heat-killed R. albus for 15 days attenuated the oxidative stress induced by sodium arsenate. Treatment with heat-killed R. albus reduced the level of ROS, and the levels of SOD and GSH increased in oxidatively stressed brains. In conclusion, the secretome prepared from Caco-2 cells cultured with heat-killed R. albus might promote neuronal proliferation through the activation of cell proliferation-related proteins, and heat-killed R. albus protects neurons from oxidative damage by reducing ROS levels and increasing SOD and GSH levels.
PMID: 29109537 [PubMed - in process]
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Applying recovery biomarkers to calibrate self-report measures of sodium and potassium in the hispanic community health study/study of latinos
Applying recovery biomarkers to calibrate self-report measures of sodium and potassium in the hispanic community health study/study of latinos, Published online: 08 November 2017; doi:10.1038/jhh.2017.74
