In Vivo Targeting of Xenografted Human Cancer Cells with Functionalized Fluorescent Silica Nanoparticles in Zebrafish. J Vis Exp. 2020 May 08;(159): Authors: Qin X, Laroche FFJ, Peerzade SAMA, Lam A, Sokolov I, Feng H Abstract Developing nanoparticles capable of detecting, targeting, and destroying cancer cells is of great interest in the field of nanomedicine. In vivo animal models are required for bridging the nanotechnology to its biomedical application....
Tue May 26, 2020 13:51
Induction of Diffuse Axonal Brain Injury in Rats Based on Rotational Acceleration. J Vis Exp. 2020 May 09;(159): Authors: Frank D, Melamed I, Gruenbaum BF, Grinshpun J, Kuts R, Shvartsur R, Azab AN, Assadi MH, Vinokur M, Boyko M Abstract Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability. Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is the predominant mechanism of injury in a large percentage of TBI patients requiring hospitalization. DAI involves...
Tue May 26, 2020 13:51
Investigating Flagella-Driven Motility in Escherichia coli by Applying Three Established Techniques in a Series. J Vis Exp. 2020 May 10;(159): Authors: Partridge JD, Harshey RM Abstract Motility is crucial to the survival and success of many bacterial species. Many methodologies exist to exploit motility to understand signaling pathways, to elucidate the function and assembly of flagellar parts, and to examine and understand patterns of movement....
Tue May 26, 2020 13:51
Facial Nerve Surgery in the Rat Model to Study Axonal Inhibition and Regeneration. J Vis Exp. 2020 May 05;(159): Authors: Ali SA, Stebbins AW, Hanks JE, Kupfer RA, Hogikyan ND, Feldman EL, Brenner MJ Abstract This protocol describes consistent and reproducible methods to study axonal regeneration and inhibition in a rat facial nerve injury model. The facial nerve can be manipulated along its entire length, from its intracranial segment to its extratemporal...
Tue May 26, 2020 13:51
In Situ Chemotaxis Assay to Examine Microbial Behavior in Aquatic Ecosystems. J Vis Exp. 2020 May 05;(159): Authors: Clerc EE, Raina JB, Lambert BS, Seymour J, Stocker R Abstract Microbial behaviors, such as motility and chemotaxis (the ability of a cell to alter its movement in response to a chemical gradient), are widespread across the bacterial and archaeal domains. Chemotaxis can result in substantial resource acquisition advantages in heterogeneous...
Tue May 26, 2020 13:51
In Vivo Targeting of Neural Progenitor Cells in Ferret Neocortex by In Utero Electroporation. J Vis Exp. 2020 May 06;(159): Authors: Kalebic N, Langen B, Helppi J, Kawasaki H, Huttner WB Abstract Manipulation of gene expression in vivo during embryonic development is the method of choice when analyzing the role of individual genes during mammalian development. In utero electroporation is a key technique for the manipulation of gene expression in...
Tue May 26, 2020 13:51
Lineage Tracing and Clonal Analysis in Developing Cerebral Cortex Using Mosaic Analysis with Double Markers (MADM). J Vis Exp. 2020 May 08;(159): Authors: Beattie R, Streicher C, Amberg N, Cheung G, Contreras X, Hansen AH, Hippenmeyer S Abstract Beginning from a limited pool of progenitors, the mammalian cerebral cortex forms highly organized functional neural circuits. However, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating lineage...
Tue May 26, 2020 13:51
Live-Cell Imaging of the Life Cycle of Bacterial Predator Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus using Time-Lapse Fluorescence Microscopy. J Vis Exp. 2020 May 08;(159): Authors: Makowski Ł, Trojanowski D, Zakrzewska-Czerwińska J Abstract Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus is a small gram-negative, obligate predatory bacterium that kills other gram-negative bacteria, including harmful pathogens. Therefore, it is considered a living antibiotic. To apply B. bacteriovorus...
Tue May 26, 2020 13:51
Optimizing Brillouin Optical Time-Domain Analyzers Based on Gain Spectrum Engineering. J Vis Exp. 2020 May 11;(159): Authors: Feng C, Schneider T Abstract Demonstrated is a unique method for sensing performance enhancement in Brillouin optical time-domain analyzers (BOTDA). A Brillouin gain spectrum (BGS) is superimposed with two symmetric Brillouin loss spectra (BLS). This leads to a complex engineered spectrum shape that is more resistant to the...
Tue May 26, 2020 13:51
Preparation of Acute Human Hippocampal Slices for Electrophysiological Recordings. J Vis Exp. 2020 May 07;(159): Authors: Kraus L, Monni L, Schneider UC, Onken J, Spindler P, Holtkamp M, Fidzinski P Abstract Epilepsy affects about 1% of the world population and leads to a severe decrease in quality of life due to ongoing seizures as well as high risk for sudden death. Despite an abundance of available treatment options, about 30% of patients are...
Tue May 26, 2020 13:51
Magnetic Adjustment of Afterload in Engineered Heart Tissues. J Vis Exp. 2020 May 05;(159): Authors: Becker B, Rodriguez ML, Werner TR, Stenzig J, Eschenhagen T, Hirt MN Abstract Afterload is known to drive the development of both physiological and pathological cardiac states. As such, studying the outcomes of altered afterload states could yield important insights into the mechanisms controlling these critical processes. However, an experimental...
Tue May 26, 2020 13:51
Axonal Transport of Organelles in Motor Neuron Cultures using Microfluidic Chambers System. J Vis Exp. 2020 May 05;(159): Authors: Altman T, Maimon R, Ionescu A, Pery TG, Perlson E Abstract Motor neurons (MNs) are highly polarized cells with very long axons. Axonal transport is a crucial mechanism for MN health, contributing to neuronal growth, development, and survival. We describe a detailed method for the use of microfluidic chambers (MFCs) for...
Tue May 26, 2020 13:51
Introducing Point Mutations into Human Pluripotent Stem Cells using Seamless Genome Editing. J Vis Exp. 2020 May 10;(159): Authors: Wang Y, Smith AJH, Hay DC Abstract Custom designed endonucleases, such as RNA-guided Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9, enable efficient genome editing in mammalian cells. Here we describe detailed procedures to seamlessly genome edit the hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4α)...
Tue May 26, 2020 13:51
Monitoring Protein-RNA Interaction Dynamics in vivo at High Temporal Resolution using χCRAC. J Vis Exp. 2020 May 09;(159): Authors: McKellar SW, Ivanova I, van Nues RW, Cordiner RA, Worboys W, Langford A, Jensen TH, Granneman S Abstract The interaction between RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and their RNA substrates exhibits fluidity and complexity. Within its lifespan, a single RNA can be bound by many different RBPs that will regulate its production,...
Tue May 26, 2020 13:51
Multicellular Human Alveolar Model Composed of Epithelial Cells and Primary Immune Cells for Hazard Assessment. J Vis Exp. 2020 May 06;(159): Authors: Barosova H, Drasler B, Petri-Fink A, Rothen-Rutishauser B Abstract A human alveolar cell coculture model is described here for simulation of the alveolar epithelial tissue barrier composed of alveolar epithelial type II cells and two types of immune cells (i.e., human monocyte-derived macrophages [MDMs]...
Tue May 26, 2020 13:51
An Immunological Model for Heterotopic Heart and Cardiac Muscle Cell Transplantation in Rats. J Vis Exp. 2020 May 08;(159): Authors: Weigle CA, Lieke T, Vondran FWR, Timrott K, Klempnauer J, Beetz O Abstract Heterotopic heart transplantation in rats has been a commonly used model for diverse immunological studies for more than 50 years. Several modifications have been reported since the first description in 1964. After 30 years of performing heterotopic...
Tue May 26, 2020 13:51
Isolating Myofibrils from Skeletal Muscle Biopsies and Determining Contractile Function with a Nano-Newton Resolution Force Transducer. J Vis Exp. 2020 May 07;(159): Authors: van de Locht M, de Winter JM, Rassier DE, Helmes MHB, Ottenheijm CAC Abstract Striated muscle cells are indispensable for the activity of humans and animals. Single muscle fibers are comprised of myofibrils, which consist of serially linked sarcomeres, the smallest contractile...
Tue May 26, 2020 13:51
Stimulation of Stem Cell Niches and Tissue Regeneration in Mouse Skin by Switchable Protoporphyrin IX-Dependent Photogeneration of Reactive Oxygen Species In Situ. J Vis Exp. 2020 May 08;(159): Authors: Espada J, Carrasco E, Calvo-Sánchez MI, Fernández-Martos S, Montoya JJ Abstract Here, we describe a protocol to induce switchable in vivo photogeneration of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mouse skin. This transient production of ROS in...
Tue May 26, 2020 13:51
Measuring Crop Motility and Food Passaging in Drosophila. J Vis Exp. 2020 May 09;(159): Authors: Cai J, Xi J, Wei Y Abstract Most animals use the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to digest food. The movement of the ingested food in the GI tract is essential for nutrient absorption. Disordered GI motility and gastric emptying cause multiple diseases and symptoms. As a powerful genetic model organism, Drosophila can be used in GI motility research. The...
Tue May 26, 2020 13:51
Induction of Leptomeningeal Cells Modification Via Intracisternal Injection. J Vis Exp. 2020 May 07;(159): Authors: Zamboni M, Santopolo G, Frisén J Abstract The protocol outlined here describes how to safely and manually inject solutions through the cisterna magna while eliminating the risk of damage to the underlying parenchyma. Previously published protocols recommend using straight needles that should be lowered to a maximum of 1-2 mm from the...
Tue May 26, 2020 13:51
Combining Behavior and EEG to Study the Effects of Mindfulness Meditation on Episodic Memory. J Vis Exp. 2020 May 11;(159): Authors: Nyhus E, Engel WA, Pitfield TD, Vakkur IMW Abstract Although there has been recent interest in how mindfulness meditation can affect episodic memory as well as brain structure and function, no study has examined the behavioral and neural effects of mindfulness meditation on episodic memory. Here we present a protocol...
Tue May 26, 2020 13:51
Fabrication of a Biomimetic Nano-Matrix with Janus Base Nanotubes and Fibronectin for Stem Cell Adhesion. J Vis Exp. 2020 May 10;(159): Authors: Zhou L, Yau A, Zhang W, Chen Y Abstract A biomimetic NM was developed to serve as a tissue-engineering biological scaffold, which can enhance stem cell anchorage. The biomimetic NM is formed from JBNTs and FN through self-assembly in an aqueous solution. JBNTs measure 200-300 µm in length with inner hydrophobic...
Tue May 26, 2020 13:51
Enucleation of the Prostate for the Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Using a 980 nm Diode Laser. J Vis Exp. 2020 May 05;(159): Authors: Zhang Y, Fu C, Wang J, Wu P, Chen X, Hou H, Song X, Cheng W, Wang J, Liu M Abstract In the aging male population, the occurrence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common problem. Here, we introduce a new technique called 980 nm diode laser enucleation...
Tue May 26, 2020 13:51
Combined Conditional Knockdown and Adapted Sphere Formation Assay to Study a Stemness-Associated Gene of Patient-derived Gastric Cancer Stem Cells. J Vis Exp. 2020 May 09;(159): Authors: Xiong J, Li Y, Tan X, Fu L Abstract Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are implicated in tumor initiation, development and recurrence after treatment, and have become the center of attention of many studies in the last decades. Therefore, it is important to develop methods...
Tue May 26, 2020 13:51
Simulator Training for Endovascular Neurosurgery. J Vis Exp. 2020 May 06;(159): Authors: Elsawaf Y, Rennert RC, Steinberg JA, Santiago-Dieppa DR, Olson SE, Khalessi AA, Pannell JS Abstract Simulation-based training has become common practice across medical specialties, especially for learning complex skills performed in high-risk environments. In the field of endovascular neurosurgery, the demand for consequence- and risk-free learning environments...
Tue May 26, 2020 13:51
Sucrose Preference and Novelty-Induced Hypophagia Tests in Rats using an Automated Food Intake Monitoring System. J Vis Exp. 2020 May 08;(159): Authors: Schalla MA, Kühne SG, Friedrich T, Hanel V, Kobelt P, Goebel-Stengel M, Rose M, Stengel A Abstract The prevalence and incidence of depressive disorders are rising worldwide, affecting about 322 million individuals, underlining the need for behavioral studies in animal models. In this protocol, to...
Tue May 26, 2020 13:51
Hepatic Progenitor Specification from Pluripotent Stem Cells using a Defined Differentiation System.
Hepatic Progenitor Specification from Pluripotent Stem Cells using a Defined Differentiation System. J Vis Exp. 2020 May 10;(159): Authors: Meseguer-Ripolles J, Wang Y, Sorteberg A, Sharma A, Ding NL, Lucendo-Villarin B, Kramer P, Segeritz CP, Hay DC Abstract Liver disease is an escalating global health issue. While liver transplantation is an effective mode of therapy, patient mortality has increased due to shortages in donor organ availability....
Tue May 26, 2020 13:51
In Vivo Intracellular Recording of Type-Identified Rat Spinal Motoneurons During Trans-Spinal Direct Current Stimulation. J Vis Exp. 2020 May 11;(159): Authors: Bączyk M, Krutki P Abstract Intracellular recording of spinal motoneurons in vivo provides a "gold standard" for determining the cells' electrophysiological characteristics in the intact spinal network and holds significant advantages relative to classical in vitro or extracellular recording...
Tue May 26, 2020 13:51
Nonradioactive Assay to Measure Polynucleotide Phosphorylation of Small Nucleotide Substrates. J Vis Exp. 2020 May 08;(159): Authors: Pillon MC, Stanley RE Abstract Polynucleotide kinases (PNKs) are enzymes that catalyze the phosphorylation of the 5' hydroxyl end of DNA and RNA oligonucleotides. The activity of PNKs can be quantified using direct or indirect approaches. Presented here is a direct, in vitro approach to measure PNK activity that relies...
Tue May 26, 2020 13:51
Induction of Complete Transection-Type Spinal Cord Injury in Mice. J Vis Exp. 2020 May 06;(159): Authors: Reshamwala R, Eindorf T, Shah M, Smyth G, Shelper T, St John J, Ekberg J Abstract Spinal cord injury (SCI) largely leads to irreversible and permanent loss of function, most commonly as a result of trauma. Several treatment options, such as cell transplantation methods, are being researched to overcome the debilitating disabilities arising from...
Tue May 26, 2020 13:51
Adaptable Angled Stereotactic Approach for Versatile Neuroscience Techniques. J Vis Exp. 2020 May 07;(159): Authors: Faber CL, Matsen ME, Meek TH, Krull JE, Morton GJ Abstract Stereotactic surgery is an essential tool in the modern neuroscience lab. However, the ability to precisely and accurately target difficult-to-reach brain regions still presents a challenge, particularly when targeting brain structures along the midline. These challenges include...
Tue May 26, 2020 13:51
A Spine Robotic-Assisted Navigation System for Pedicle Screw Placement. J Vis Exp. 2020 May 11;(159): Authors: Chen HY, Xiao XY, Chen CW, Chou HK, Sung CY, Lin FH, Chen PQ, Wong TH Abstract Pedicle screw implantation has excellent treatment effects and is often used by surgeons in spinal fusion surgery. However, due to the complexity of human body anatomy, this surgical procedure is difficult and challenging, especially in minimally invasive surgery...
Tue May 26, 2020 13:51
Surface Mapping of Earth-like Exoplanets using Single Point Light Curves. J Vis Exp. 2020 May 10;(159): Authors: Fan S, Yung YL Abstract Spatially resolving exoplanet features from single-point observations is essential for evaluating the potential habitability of exoplanets. The ultimate goal of this protocol is to determine whether these planetary worlds harbor geological features and/or climate systems. We present a method of extracting information...
Tue May 26, 2020 13:51
Simultaneous Quantification of Selected Kynurenines Analyzed by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry in Medium Collected from Cancer Cell Cultures. J Vis Exp. 2020 May 09;(159): Authors: Sadok I, Rachwał K, Staniszewska M Abstract The kynurenine pathway and the tryptophan catabolites called kynurenines have received increased attention for their involvement in immune regulation and cancer biology. An in vitro cell culture assay is often used to...
Tue May 26, 2020 13:51
Standardized Histomorphometric Evaluation of Osteoarthritis in a Surgical Mouse Model. J Vis Exp. 2020 May 06;(159): Authors: Pinamont WJ, Yoshioka NK, Young GM, Karuppagounder V, Carlson EL, Ahmad A, Elbarbary R, Kamal F Abstract One of the most prevalent joint disorders in the United States, osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by progressive degeneration of articular cartilage, primarily in the hip and knee joints, which results in significant...
Tue May 26, 2020 13:51
In Situ Detection of Ribonucleoprotein Complex Assembly in the C. elegans Germline using Proximity Ligation Assay. J Vis Exp. 2020 May 05;(159): Authors: Day NJ, Wang X, Voronina E Abstract Understanding when and where protein-protein interactions (PPIs) occur is critical to understanding protein function in the cell and how broader processes such as development are affected. The Caenorhabditis elegans germline is a great model system for studying...
Tue May 26, 2020 13:51
Publication date: Available online 25 May 2020Source: Acta Otorrinolaringológica EspañolaAuthor(s): Liliana F. Invêncio da Costa, David Neagu, María Belen García Carreira
Tue May 26, 2020 13:50
Publication date: Available online 25 May 2020Source: Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryAuthor(s): Ashley Ferro, Ana Otero-Rico, Vijay Santhanam
Tue May 26, 2020 13:48
Association between methylphenidate treatment and risk of seizure: a population-based, self-controlled case-series study. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2020 Jun;4(6):435-443 Authors: Man KKC, Lau WCY, Coghill D, Besag FMC, Cross JH, Ip P, Wong ICK Abstract BACKGROUND: Individuals with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at increased risk of seizures. Stimulant medications such as methylphenidate are the most commonly prescribed treatment...
Tue May 26, 2020 13:43
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Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos 72100 Crete Greece,00302841026182,00306932607174,alsfakia@gmail.com,