Revisiting the social cost of carbon after INDC implementation in Malaysia: 2050

Abstract

This article projects the social cost of carbon (SCC) and other related consequences of climate change by using Malaysia's intended nationally determined contribution (INDC) and climate vision 2040 (CV2040) by 2050. It compares the projections derived from the Dynamic Integrated Model of the Climate and Economy (DICME) based on the respective INDC and CV2040 scenario. The results reveal that industrial emissions would incur a substantial increase every 5 years under the scenario CV2040, while Malaysia would experience lower industrial emissions in the coming years under the scenario INDC. Emission intensity in Malaysia will be 0.61 and 0.59 tons/capita in 2030 for scenario CV2040 and scenario INDC respectively. Malaysia would face climate damage of MYR456 billion and MYR 49 billion by 2050 under CV2040 and INDC scenario respectively. However, climate damage could be much lower if the INDC regime were adopted, as this scenario would decrease climatic impacts over time. The estimated SSC per ton of CO2 varies between MYR74 and MYR97 for scenario CV2040 and MYR44 and MYR62 for scenario INDC in 2030 and 2050 respectively. Considering different aspects, including industrial emissions, damage cost, and social cost of carbon, INDC is the best policy compared to CV2040. Thus, Malaysia could achieve its emissions reduction target by implementing INDC by 2050.

from Energy Ecology Environment Ambio via Terpsi Hori on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2VugIcO

Several environmental endocrine disruptors in beverages from South China: occurrence and human exposure

Abstract

Environmental endocrine disruptors (EEDs) in beverages may enter the human body by ingestion and thus may represent a potential health risk. In this study, phthalates, bisphenol A, and its analogues, parabens, benzophenone-type UV filters, and triclosan (TCS) were analyzed in beverage samples (n = 116) collected from local markets in Guangzhou, South China. Twelve of 30 target compounds were found in > 50% samples, and for the first time, TCS was found in a majority of beverages from China (~ 80%). Among all analytes, concentrations of total phthalates (median = 14.4 ng/mL) were generally two orders of magnitude higher than other target EEDs, and concentrations of total benzophenone-type UV filters (0.02 ng/mL) and TCS (0.01 ng/mL) were the lowest. Among all targets, phthalates were predominant, accounting for > 99% of the total EEDs, and dimethyl phthalate was frequently detected in beverages (> 60%). In addition, we estimated the daily intake (EDI) of EEDs for Chinese populations of different age groups based on the daily consumption of beverages. The EDIs of total EEDs were the highest for toddlers (mean = 14,200 ng/kg-bw/day) followed by children and teenagers (3420 ng/kg-bw/day), adults (1950 ng/kg-bw/day), the elderly (1740 ng/kg-bw/day), and infants (70 ng/kg-bw/day). Compared to all food categories, EEDs from beverage consumption accounted for ~ 0.1% (parabens) to 20% (phthalates) of total exposure from diet. However, intakes of phthalates, bisphenols, and TCS from beverages were comparable to those from other potential sources (food, dust, personal care products, cloth, and medicines). Furthermore, the cumulative risks of EEDs by beverage consumption were not high, which indicated that EEDs in beverages might not represent a potential human health risk for Chinese populations.

from Energy Ecology Environment Ambio via Terpsi Hori on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2QpJ4Bh

A comprehensive review on water-emulsified diesel fuel: chemistry, engine performance and exhaust emissions

Abstract

Increasing environmental concern, human health and the continuous upgradation in the stringent standards of vehicular emissions have shown much interest in cleaner diesel fuels. Out of various strategies to mitigate the diesel engine emissions, use of water blended diesel in the form of emulsion has grabbed sufficient attention of the fuel research community. Various researches have shown that water-emulsified diesel has sufficient potential to improve the engine performance simultaneously with a significant reduction in the levels of nitrogen oxides (NO_x) and particulate matter (PM) emissions. Micro-explosion phenomenon of combustion in emulsion fuel helps to provide efficient and complete combustion which in turn improves brake thermal efficiency. The current study presents a comprehensive review of the usage of water-emulsified diesel fuel in CI engines. Focusing on the performance, combustion, and emission analysis, it also talks in detail about the principle and the chemistry involved in making of a stable and homogeneous water–diesel emulsion compatible for CI engine. The literature survey concludes two crucial points. First, the water-blended diesel emulsion serves as an economical, fuel efficient, and cleaner combustion technology. Second, the optimum blend ratio, emulsifier quantity, and proper process differs in almost all the research papers and hence needed to be standardized.

from Energy Ecology Environment Ambio via Terpsi Hori on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2LUUhcc

Adsorptive removal of anionic dye using calcined oyster shells: isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamics

Abstract

Oyster shells are a type of biogenic materials with excellent characteristics in surface area, porosity, sorption capacity, and high concentration of CaCO₃ (up to 90 wt%), and can be easily converted into a calcium-based alkali adsorbent. In this research, oyster shells calcined at 900 °C were applied as an adsorbent for acid green 25 (AG25) removal from aqueous solutions. The adsorption performances were evaluated, and the FTIR, SEM, and BET techniques were employed to characterize this material. Results showed that AG25 removal performance depended on adsorbent dosage, pH, adsorption temperature, contact time, and initial concentration. Adsorption capacity was maximized at 34.1 mg g⁻¹ at pH of 11.0, an adsorbent dosage of 2.0 g L⁻¹, an AG25 concentration of 70 mg L⁻¹, and adsorption temperature of 40 °C. Both the Ho-McKay model and the pseudo-second-order model correlated with the adsorption kinetics well with the values of R² > 0.99 (closer to unity). The Langmuir isotherm showed an excellent correlation coefficient of R² > 0.99 with the equilibrium data. The thermodynamics study indicates that the adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic. These results demonstrate that the calcined oyster shells has the potential to be used as an eco-friendly and low-cost effective adsorbent for anionic dye removal from water.

from Energy Ecology Environment Ambio via Terpsi Hori on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2sbP5If

Health risk assessment of heavy metals in the soil-water-rice system around the Xiazhuang uranium mine, China

Abstract

Heavy-metal pollutants in the soil and surface water of agricultural areas accumulate in rice and may have adverse effects on the health of consumers. In this study, we determined the levels of heavy-metal contamination in agricultural areas around the Xiazhuang uranium deposits in northern Guangdong Province, China, using equidistant sampling methods along a river near the mine tailings. The pH values of all the water samples were determined. The heavy-metal concentrations in water, bottom sludge, and rice were measured. The extent of contamination was evaluated by calculating Nemerow's pollution index, contamination factor, and hazard quotient. The result shows U transferred from mine to soil and rice with irrigation water. The main pollutants and their pollution indices in soil are U (6.31), Th (4.02), Pb (2.52), Cd (2.36), Zn (1.52), and Mn (1.39). The rice grain can hardly enrich U and Th but were susceptible to Cr and Ni. The contamination factors (CFs) of the pollutants in rice grain are Cr (1.98) and Ni (3.09). The hazard quotient (HQ) shows that Cu (HQ > 1) could pose potential risks for humans upon long-term consumption of the rice.

from Energy Ecology Environment Ambio via Terpsi Hori on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2LUUfB6

Refurbishment of office buildings in New Zealand: identifying priorities for reducing environmental impacts

Abstract

Purpose

In recent years, the building sector has highlighted the importance of operational energy and efficient resource management in order to reduce the environmental impacts of buildings. However, differences in building-specific properties (building location, size, construction material, etc.) pose a major challenge in development of generic policy on buildings. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between energy and resource management policies, and building-specific characteristics on environmental impacts of refurbished office buildings in New Zealand.

Methods

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was performed for 17 office buildings operating under seven representative climatic conditions found in New Zealand. Each building was assessed under four policy scenarios: (i) business-as-usual, (ii) use of on-site photovoltaic (PV) panels, (iii) electricity supply from a renewable energy grid, and (iv) best practice construction activities adopted at site. The influence of 15 building-specific characteristics in combination with each scenario was evaluated. The study adopted regression analysis, more specifically Kruskal-Wallis and General Additive Modeling (GAM), to support interpretation of the LCA results.

Results and discussion

All the chosen policies can significantly contribute to climate change mitigation as compared to business-as-usual. However, the Kruskal-Wallis results highlight policies on increasing renewable energy sources supplying national grid electricity can substantially reduce the impacts across most environmental impact categories. Better construction practices should be prioritized over PV installation as use of on-site PV significantly increases the environmental impacts related to use of resources. The GAM results show on-site PV could be installed in low-rise buildings in regions with long sunshine hours. The results also show the strong influence of façade elements and technical equipment in determining the environmental performance of small and large buildings, respectively. In large multi-storied buildings, efficient HVAC and smaller window area are beneficial features, while in small buildings the choice of façade materials with low embodied impacts should be prioritized.

Conclusions

In general, the study highlighted the importance of policies on increasing renewable energy supply from national grid electricity to substantially reduce most of the impacts related to buildings. In addition, the study also highlighted the importance of better construction practices and building-specific characteristics to reduce the impacts related to resource use. These findings can support policy makers to prioritize strategies to improve the environmental performance of existing buildings in New Zealand and in regions with similar building construction and climate.

from Energy Ecology Environment Ambio via Terpsi Hori on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2LU2ihV

Investigate the impact of local iron–steel industrial emission on atmospheric mercury concentration in Yangtze River Delta, China

Abstract

Mercury is a global neurotoxic pollutant, which can be globally transported and bioaccumulated in the food chain. Iron–steel production is one of the most significant sources of anthropogenic atmospheric mercury emission, while information on this source is scarce. Hourly gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) and particle bound mercury (PBM) were studied inside (IP) and at the boundary (BP) of a typical iron–steel plant in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), China from September 2016 to August 2017. The GEM concentrations were 0.97–503.1 and 0.05–112.6 ng/m³ at the IP and BP sites, respectively, while PBM concentrations were one to four orders of magnitude higher than urban and suburban ambient levels. Several lines of evidences indicated that PBM was mainly originated from the iron–steel manufacturing process, especially from sintering and coke-making processes in this iron–steel plant. However, a combined emission effect contributed to GEM variation. The receptor model of positive matrix factorization (PMF) showed that local direct emissions (coal combustion, industrial activity, vehicle exhaust, and secondary evaporation from polluted soil) contributed 51.3% of the total GEM concentration variation. Potential source contribution function (PSCF) and concentration weighted trajectory (CWT) models clearly showed that air masses moving from areas surrounding YRD had the highest concentrations of atmospheric mercury. These results provided evidence that iron–steel manufacturing emissions have a considerable effect on regional atmospheric mercury concentrations, especially PBM.

from Energy Ecology Environment Ambio via Terpsi Hori on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2Qo0n5z

Using a modified soil quality index to evaluate densely tilled soils with different yields in Northeast China

Abstract

Northeastern China has long-term densely tilled soils that supply approximately 20% of the annual total national grains. There are very few reports on the agricultural soil quality subjecting to the predatory tillage. Here, the soil quality index (SQI) of a brunisolic soil was calculated using the minimum data set (MDS) and integrated quality index (IQI). The topsoil layer was divided into plow layer (11.9 ± 1.9 cm) and plow pan (11.4 ± 2.6 cm) in fields of high yields (HYB), medium yields (MYB), and low yields (LYB). Our results showed that the MDS of the topsoil layer only contained chemical indicators. The bulk density (BD), as one of the most important soil quality indicators, was found of no significant differences in the topsoil layers. In different layers (i.e., the topsoil layer, plow layer, and plow pan), the value of SQI presented a consistent tendency of HYB > MYB > LYB (p < 0.05). The correlation between SQI and yield was higher in the plow layer (0.60) and plow pan (0.63) than the topsoil layer (0.47). This further verified the reasonability of using soil stratification for SQI calculation. Our findings indicate the potential of using soil quality assessments to examine soil productivity (e.g., fertilizer deficiency) in crop lands with soil stratification.

from Energy Ecology Environment Ambio via Terpsi Hori on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2RzoOBL

Integrating supply and demand in cultural ecosystem services assessment: a case study of Cuihua Mountain (China)

Abstract

As human demand for ecosystem services (ES) continues to increase, ES assessments have gradually become a popular research topic. Among ES, cultural ES (CES) are often overlooked and are difficult to measure during research because of their invisibility. However, the importance and usage of CES increase with supply and demand, which is key to linking the ecosystem with human well-being. This paper quantitatively evaluates various cultural services and generates corresponding Value Index (VI) maps; it then further explores the current dynamics of supply and demand. We selected Cuihua Mountain (CM) as the study area, and we applied the Social Values of Ecosystem Services (SolVES) model to evaluate CES and generated five specific VI maps to indicate the potential service stock (ES capacity). The actual supply (ES supply) is based on the attribute of the visibility of observation points on leisure routes, and the visitors (ES demand) to the service come from socio-economic data as a measure of the rates of access to entertainment venues. The supply and demand relationship (ES budget) solves the significant problems related to the oversupply and shortage of ES in space. The results showed that the CES supply power of CM is greater than the actual demand; thus, there is great potential for future development. This study also provided a reference and guidance for environmental decision-making and development in other regions.

from Energy Ecology Environment Ambio via Terpsi Hori on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2VEUll8

Levels and temporal variations of urinary lead, cadmium, cobalt, and copper exposure in the general population of Taiwan

Abstract

Toxic metal contamination in food products and the environment is a public health concern. Therefore, understanding human exposure to cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), cobalt (Co), and copper (Cu) levels in the general population of Taiwan is necessary and urgent. We aimed to establish the human biomonitoring data of urine toxic metals, exposure profile changes, and factors associated with metal levels in the general population of Taiwan. We randomly selected 1601 participants older than 7 years of age (36.9 ± 18.7 years (7–84 years)) from the Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan (NAHSIT) conducted during 1993–1996 (93–96) and 2005–2008 (05–08) periods and measured the levels of four metals in the participants' urine samples using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The median (range) levels of urinary Cd, Pb, Co, and Cu in participants from the NAHSIT 93–96 (N = 821)/05–08 (N = 780) were 0.60 (ND–13.90)/0.72 (ND–7.44), 2.28 (ND–63.60)/1.09 (0.04–48.88), 0.91 (0.08–17.30)/1.05 (0.05–22.43), and 16.87 (2.62–158.28)/13.66 (1.67–189.70) μg/L, respectively. We found that the urinary median levels of Pb and Cu in our participants were significantly lower in the NAHSIT 05–08 (Pb 1.09 μg/L, Cu 13.66 μg/L) than in the NAHSIT 93–96 (Pb 2.28 μg/L, Cu 16.87 μg/L; P < 0.01), whereas those of Cd and Co were significantly higher in the NAHSIT 05–08 (Cd 0.72 μg/L, Co 1.05 μg/L; P < 0.01). Youths had higher exposure levels of Pb, Co, and Cu than adults. Participants with alcohol consumption, betel quid chewing, or cigarette smoking had significantly higher median levels of urinary Pb or Cu (P < 0.01) than those without. Principal components and cluster analysis revealed that sex had different exposure profiles of metals. We concluded that levels of urinary Cd, Pb, Co, and Cu exposure in the general Taiwanese varied by age, sex, and lifestyles.

from Energy Ecology Environment Ambio via Terpsi Hori on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2QqMgwq

Analysis of uranium removal capacity of anaerobic granular sludge bacterial communities under different initial pH conditions

Abstract

The bacterial community of an anaerobic granular sludge associated with uranium depletion was investigated following its exposure to uranium under different initial pH conditions (pH 4.5, 5.5, and 6.5). The highest uranium removal efficiency (98.1%) was obtained for the sample with an initial pH of 6.5, which also supported the highest bacterial community richness and diversity. Venn diagrams visualized the decrease in the number of genera present in both the inoculum and the uranium-exposed biomass as the initial pH decreased from 6.5 to 4.5. Compared with the inoculum, a significant increase in the abundances of the phyla Chloroflexi and Proteobacteria was observed following uranium exposure. At initial pH conditions of 6.5 to 4.5, the proportions of the taxa Anaerolineaceae, Chryseobacterium, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, and Sulfurovum increased significantly, likely contributing to the observed uranium removal. Uranium exposure induced a greater level of dynamic diversification of bacterial abundances than did the initial pH difference.

from Energy Ecology Environment Ambio via Terpsi Hori on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2Vwe7iI

Polybismuthide Anions as Ligands: The Homoleptic Complex [(Bi7)Cd(Bi7)]4− and the Ternary Cluster [(Bi6)Zn3(TlBi5)]4−

We present the results from a reactivity study of the binary anion (TlBi3)2– towards Group 12 metal compounds MPh2 (M = Zn, Cd, Hg) in order to get access to coordination compounds of polycyclic polypnictide molecules like Bi73– or Bi113–. The coordination chemistry of these polybismuthide cages has been unprecedented to date, while it has been known for a long time for the lighter Group 15 anions Pn73– (Pn = P, As, Sb). The use of (TlBi3)2–, previously shown to release Tl under certain conditions in‐situ, resulted in the formation of the first heterometallic polyanion in which a nortricyclane‐type polybismuthide coordinates a transition metal atom, [(Bi7)Cd(Bi7)]4−. Reactions with the lighter group 12 metal precursor yielded the uncommon ternary cluster [(Bi6)Zn3(TlBi5)]4−, most likely representing a reaction intermediate, and at the same time hinting at the formation of the nortricyclane‐shaped cage. Quantum chemical studies provide a deeper insight into stability trends of the [(E7)M(E7)]4− anion family and reveal a complex bonding situation in [(Bi6)Zn3(TlBi5)]4−, which features both localized and multicenter bonding.

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Evidence on point-of-care diagnostics for assessment of nutritional biochemical markers as an integral part of maternal services in low- and middle-income countries: systematic scoping review protocol

Malnutrition affects a third of the global population with low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) being the most affected. Most of those affected by malnutrition have limited means of determining their nutri...

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Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome: a case report of a rare disease with overlapping features

Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome (MRS) is a rare, neuro-mucocutaneous disease which presents as orofacial swelling, facial palsy and fissured tongue. These symptoms may occur simultaneously or, more frequently, w...

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IL2RG hypomorphic mutation: identification of a novel pathogenic mutation in exon 8 and a review of the literature

Atypical X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (X-SCID) is a variant of cellular immunodeficiency due to hypomorphic mutations in the interleukin 2 receptor gamma (IL2RG) gene. Due to a leaky clinical phenoty...

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Long-term health-related quality of life of critically ill patients with haematological malignancies: a prospective observational multicenter study

Although outcomes of critically ill patients with haematological malignancies (HMs) have been fully investigated in terms of organ failure and mortality, data are scarce on health-related quality of life (HRQO...

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National assessment of cultural ecosystem services: Participatory mapping in Switzerland

Abstract

Previous studies assessed cultural ecosystem services (CES) at the local scale but often ignored them in national assessments. This paper explores CES relationships in Switzerland using web-based participatory mapping. We identified the spatial relationships between CES, the drivers of negative change and solutions to mitigate it. Results indicated that CES tend to have positive spatial relationships, although not always significant. A proxy-based approach supported the findings that the provision of heritage and inspiration services decreased along the urban–rural gradient while others increased. Participants located more CES close to their residence, but acknowledged their presence in distant alpine regions. They reported that better planning and stricter implementation of policies were necessary to refrain CES loss. According to respondents, there might be a density threshold to ensure sustainable supply of CES. Although mitigation measures were specific enough at the national scale, they remained too broad to be applicable at the local scale.

from Energy Ecology Environment Ambio via Terpsi Hori on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2VzRBFJ

Copper and Zinc Nutritional Issues for Agricultural Animal Production

Abstract

Livestock have presented unique requirements and toxicity issues depending on the species for the various concentrations of Cu and Zn and their interactions with other nutrients especially Fe, Se, Mo, and S. Soil concentrations of these elements and their availability to crops influence the health of the crop and the amount found in vegetative tissues and seeds. Hence, many livestock issues are a result of the soils in the area where production is occurring (Loneragan et al. 1981). While water can provide minerals to animals, the amount consumed and availability are highly variable. Many discoveries about Cu were a result of low Cu concentrations and its availability due to interactions with other nutrients in the soils. Anemia, bone disorders, cardiovascular abnormalities, defective wool and hair, and infertility are signs/symptoms of Cu deficiency. Toxicity due to excess Cu is more likely to occur in sheep than other farm species. Swine are tolerant of high concentrations of dietary Cu, and it is often used as a growth stimulant in production. There are many species and physiological stages where the animal's Cu requirement is not known. Grazing animals can exhibit Zn deficiency when soils and forages contain limited concentrations of Zn. Pastures have been observed to be Zn-deficient in many parts of the world. However, non-ruminant animals usually receive adequate Zn when fed corn and soybean meal diets if there is not excessive Ca and Fe in their diets, but this is not true for rapidly growing young animals. Characteristics of a Zn deficiency include loss of appetite, reduced growth and reproduction, and impaired health of bone and skin tissues.

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Oral hygiene, prevalence of gingivitis, and associated risk factors among pregnant women in Sarlahi District, Nepal

Abstract

Background

The oral health status of pregnant women in low-resource communities such as Nepal has not been well characterized. This sub-population is also of specific interest given associations between poor oral health and adverse pregnancy outcomes previously documented in other settings. We explored relationships between gingivitis and risk factors among pregnant women in rural Nepal.

Methods

The design was a community-based, cross-sectional study in a sub-area of Sarlahi District, Nepal. Pregnant women < 26 weeks gestation underwent clinical periodontal exams conducted by community-based oral health workers. Exams included a full mouth assessment measuring bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD) (six sites per tooth), and gingival recession, the distance from the cemento-enamel junction to the free gingival margin (two direct sites per tooth). Data on participant risk factors were collected through household surveys, including demographic characteristics, oral health behaviors, care seeking, and health attitudes. Multivariable logistic regression modeling was used to assess relationships between gingivitis and risk factors.

Results

We enrolled 1452 participants, of which 40% (n = 582) had signs of clinical gingivitis and 60% (n = 870) clinical health. Average participant age was 23. Most participants (88%) had never received oral health care. Participants averaged 10% of sites with BOP with most (79%) having ≥1 site with BOP. Nine percent of participants had ≥1 site with PD ≥4 mm, although very few participants (0.7%) had sites with PD ≥5 mm. Few participants (13%) had any recession (≥1 mm). In the final adjusted model, odds of gingivitis increased by 3% for each year of age (aOR 1.03, 95% CI 1.00, 1.06) and were higher for women of short maternal stature (< 150 cm) (aOR 1.43, 95% CI: 1.14, 1.79) and among women reporting cost to be a barrier to seeking dental care (aOR 2.13, 95% CI: 1.09, 4.15).

Conclusions

Gingivitis was common and associated with age, maternal stature, self-reported high cost of dental care, and other risk factors among pregnant women in rural Nepal.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01177111 (Nepal Oil Massage Study) and NCT02788786 (Pilot Trial).

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Effect of tobacco stem-derived biochar on soil metal immobilization and the cultivation of tobacco plant

Abstract

Purpose

Tobacco stems collected from tobacco cultivation fields were pyrolyzed to produce value-added biochar that was used to remediate metal-contaminated soil which was then used for tobacco cultivation. The feasibility of the scheme was evaluated.

Materials and methods

A pot experiment was carried out to assess the impacts of tobacco stem-derived biochar (TSB 0, 2, 4, and 8%) on tobacco growth and leaf yields, soil properties, the availability of soil Cr, Cu, and Pb, and the accumulation of the three metals in tobacco plants.

Results and discussion

Soil pH, organic matter content, and available phosphorus content increased with increasing application of TSB from 2 to 8% compared to the control (no biochar addition). In contrast, the acid-soluble and the reducible fractions of soil Cu and the reducible fraction of soil Pb and Cr decreased markedly, and the oxidizable fraction of the metals increased significantly with increasing application of TSB. This indicates that adding more TSB led to increasing immobilization of all three metals in the soil. Furthermore, both the number of tobacco leaves and the foliar biomass increased significantly with the addition of TSB to the soil. Based on our data, 4% is an economically suitable application rate of TSB for decreasing metal accumulation in plants and increasing tobacco leaf yields.

Conclusions

The results indicate that it is feasible to use biochar derived from tobacco stem waste to remediate metal-contaminated soils which can then be used for tobacco cultivation. This is very useful in the recycling of the waste biomass and for remediation of soil metal pollution.

from Energy Ecology Environment Ambio via Terpsi Hori on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2RzzWP5

Ecotoxicological effects of trace element contamination in talitrid amphipod Orchestia montagui Audouin, 1826

Abstract

This study deals with the evaluation of trace element bioaccumulation and histological alterations in the hepatopancreas of the supralittoral amphipod Orchestia montagui Audouin, 1826 due to the exposure to cadmium, copper, and zinc. Orchestia montagui individuals were maintained during 14 days in soils contaminated with different trace elements namely cadmium, copper, and zinc; a control was also prepared. Our results show that the mortality and the body mass vary according to the metal and the nominal concentration used. In general, the mortality increases from the seventh day. However, the body mass shows a decrease with cadmium exposure and an increase with copper and zinc exposures. Furthermore, the concentration factor highlights that this species is considered a macroconcentrator for copper and zinc. The hepatopancreas of unexposed and exposed animals were compared to detect histological changes. Our results show significant alterations in the hepatopancreas of the exposed animals after the experiment. The degree of these alterations was found to be dose-dependent. Among the histological changes in the hepatopancreas in O. montagui, a loss of cell structure was noted, especially cell remoteness and border lyses, the reduction of nuclear volume, an increase in the cytoplasm density with the presence of trace element deposits in both the nucleus and vacuoles, a disorganization and destruction of microvilli, and a condensation of the majority of cell organelles and mitochondria swelling. Through this study, we have confirmed that O. montagui can be a relevant model to assess trace metal element pollution in Tunisian coastal lagoons with the aim of using it in future biomonitoring programs.

from Energy Ecology Environment Ambio via Terpsi Hori on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2Tx6LJW

An integrated multivariate statistical approach for the evaluation of spatial variations in groundwater quality near an unlined landfill

Abstract

Groundwater is a major resource for water supply in Canada, and 43 of 68 Saskatchewan municipalities rely on groundwater or combined groundwater and surface water sources. The Regina landfill is built on top of the Condie aquifer, without an engineered liner. Missing data and inconsistent sampling make a traditional groundwater assessment difficult. An integrated statistical approach using principle component analysis, correlation analysis, ion plots, and multiple linear regression is used to study groundwater contamination at the Regina landfill. Geological locations of the water samples were explicitly considered. The abundance of cations in the groundwater was Ca²⁺ > Mg²⁺ > Na⁺ > K⁺ > Mn²⁺; and for anions SO₄²⁻ > HCO₃⁻ > Cl⁻. Correlation analysis and ion plots pointed to gypsum and halite dissolution being the main factors affecting groundwater chemistry. Principal component analysis yielded three principal components, responsible for 80.7% of the total variance. For all monitoring well groups, the sodium absorption ratio was generally less than one. The variation in the ratio from monitoring well groups suggests possible groundwater contamination from landfill operation. Wilcox diagrams indicate groundwater near the landfill is unsuitable for irrigation. A two-step multiple linear regression was used to develop a model for total hardness prediction.

from Energy Ecology Environment Ambio via Terpsi Hori on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2CQfgdo

Cultivation modes and deficit irrigation strategies to improve 13 C carbon isotope, photosynthesis, and winter wheat productivity in semi-arid regions

Abstract

Determining the effect of ridge-furrow cultivation mode on ¹³C carbon isotope discrimination, photosynthetic capacity, and leaf gas exchange characteristics of winter wheat leaves will help to increase wheat production. To verify these effects of cultivation modes with deficit irrigation will provide scientific basis for determining water-saving strategy. Therefore, a mobile rainproof shelter was used to explore the potential benefit of two cultivation modes: (1) the ridge-furrow (RF) precipitation system and (2) traditional flat planting (TF) with two deficit irrigation levels (150, 75 mm) and three precipitation levels (275 mm, 200 mm, 125 mm) were tested in this study. Plastic film mulching on ridges had significant effects on rainwater collection and improved soil water retention. Analysis of the light-response curve showed that RF2₁₅₀ treatment significantly increased flag leaf net photosynthetic rate (P_n), stomatal conductance (G_s), intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i), transpiration rate (T_r), leaf WUE, and total contents of chlorophyll ab of wheat at flowering stage than that of TF planting. The RF system significantly increases maximum net photosynthetic rate (P_nmax) (16.2%), light saturation points (LSP) (6.7%), and P_n under CO₂-response curves compared to the TF cultivation across the two irrigation and three simulated rainfall levels. The RF system significantly increased Δ¹³C (0.7%) and caused a notable increase in the intercellular to ambient CO₂ concentration ratio (7.6%), dry matter translocation (54.9%), and grain yield plant⁻¹ (19%) compared to the TF planting. Furthermore, Δ¹³C was significantly positively correlated with P_n, G_s, C_i/C_a, C_i, T_r, P_nmax, LSP, and grain yield. This study suggested that the RF2₁₅₀ treatment was the best water-saving technique because it increased soil water content, Δ¹³C, biomass, grain yield, and leaf WUE.

from Energy Ecology Environment Ambio via Terpsi Hori on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2Fcmomb

Characteristics of heavy metals in soils and grains of wheat and maize from farmland irrigated with sewage

Abstract

The farmland irrigation with the sewage is a common and better pathway to save the resource of groundwater in Northern China. The investigation was conducted in the farmland along the Fuhe River to explore characteristics of heavy metals in soils and grains of wheat and maize from a long-term sewage-irrigated area of Baoding region. The results showed that the topsoil with long-term sewage irrigation accumulated more Cd, Pb, and Hg compared with that of soil irrigated with groundwater and their corresponding natural background values. Cd concentrations in 48% of sewage-irrigated soil samples exceeded the Chinese safety limitation at 0.6 mg/kg, but less Cd accumulated in crop grains and did not pose the potential health risk. On the contrary, Pb levels in soils irrigated with sewage were lower than the safety limitation but Pb concentrations in 24% of wheat grain samples exceeded the Chinese national safety limit. Long-term sewage irrigation did not increase As, Cr, and Ni concentrations in soils or crop grains. The target hazard quotient (THQ) of heavy metals in edible grains of crops was selected to assess their risk to human health. Total THQ values were higher than 1.0 for the wheat samples from sewage-irrigated area and both sewage-irrigated and smelter-impacted areas, and As is the main contributor to the total THQ and posed the potential risk to human health. Therefore, the accumulation of Cd, Pb, Hg, and As in soils and crops in sewage-irrigated area should be monitored continuously to ensure food safety and security.

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Modification and psychometric evaluation of the child perceptions questionnaire (CPQ 11–14 ) in assessing oral health related quality of life among Lithuanian children

Abstract

Background

Oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) research among children and adolescents in Lithuania is just starting and no measures have been validated to date. Therefore, this study aimed to validate a Lithuanian version of the full (37 items) Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ_11–14) within a random sample of children aged 11 to 14.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey among a randomly selected sample of schoolchildren (N = 307) aged 11 to14 was conducted. An anonymous questionnaire included the full CPQ_11–14 and items on global life satisfaction, oral health and oral life quality self-rating. The questionnaire was translated into Lithuanian using translation guidelines. In addition, an item on the oral pain was modified identifying the pain location. Standard tests (Cronbach's α, construct validity and discriminant validity), supplemented with both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, were employed for psychometric evaluation of the instrument. The questionnaire was also tested by comparison students' and their parents' (N = 255) responses about oral symptoms and functional limitations.

Results

The modified Lithuanian version of CPQ_11–14 revealed good internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha for the total scale was 0.88). The measure showed significant associations with perceived oral health status and oral well-being, as well as with global life satisfaction (p < 0.01). Discriminant validity of the instrument was approved by comparison of children's groups defined by self-reported caries experience and malocclusion. Factor analysis revealed a complex structure with two or three factors in each of four domains of the CPQ_11–14. Excellent or acceptable levels of indices of model fitting with the given data were obtained for oral symptoms, functional limitations and emotional well-being domains, but not for the social well-being domain. A significant association between child and parental responses was found (intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.56 and 0.43, correspondingly in domains of oral symptoms and functional limitations).

Conclusion

The Lithuanian version of the CPQ_11–14 (with a modified item that identifies location of oral pain) appears to be a valid instrument to be used in further studies for measuring OHRQoL among 11 to 14 year old children in Lithuania.

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Trace and major element contents, microbial communities, and enzymatic activities of urban soils of Marrakech city along an anthropization gradient

Abstract

Purpose

Due to their close proximity with the population, urban soils are extensively affected by human activities that release considerable technogenic inputs resulting in an overall soil degradation and leading to an increase of water-extractable fraction of trace elements. This work aimed to determine the influence of anthropization on trace and major element concentrations and to assess how it might also affect soil biochemical and microbiological parameters in an urban area of Marrakech city, Morocco.

Materials and methods

The work was carried out on nine topsoils located along an anthropogenic gradient from a suburban area to the city center. The percentage of technogenic fraction (TGF) (e.g., building material, plastic, wood, metallic material, bones, glass, paper, fabric) was used to quantify the degree of human interference in the different soils. Physicochemical parameters were measured: pH (in water solution), TOC (Anne method), TKN, and Olsen phosphorus. The total fraction of trace and major elements (ISO NF 11446) and their water-soluble fraction were analyzed with an ICP-OES. Enumeration of cultivable microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes) was conducted on culture media. Dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, and urease activities were colorimetrically measured, and the structure and diversity of soil bacterial communities were determined by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) technique.

Results and discussion

In general, trace and major element concentrations showed increasing levels along the anthropogenic gradient, except for Ca, Mg, B, and Cd. However, trace element concentrations remained below the standard international limits for soils. Total numbers of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes) varied significantly among sites, with bacterial counts directly related to the anthropogenic gradient, significantly increasing from suburban area to the city center. Dehydrogenase activity decreased throughout the anthropogenic gradient, while phosphatase and urease activities varied between sites independently of the gradient. DGGE profiles showed that bacterial diversity was higher in the most anthropized soils, where their community structure seemed to be influenced by the total concentrations of Zn, As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and the technogenic fraction.

Conclusions

Overall, trace and major element concentrations and the technogenic fraction were higher with increasing levels of urbanization. Microbiological and biochemical parameters appeared significantly influenced by the anthropogenic inputs without being systematically inhibited along the anthropogenic gradient. Dehydrogenase activity decreased along the anthropization gradient, and thus may be used as a proxy to assess the effect of anthropization on soil biological functions.

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Effect of treated farm dairy effluent on E. coli , phosphorus and nitrogen leaching and greenhouse gas emissions: a field lysimeter study

Abstract

Purpose

Land application of farm dairy effluent (FDE) to pasture soils is the preferred practice in New Zealand. Recently, a new FDE treatment technology has been developed to recycle the water for washing the yard Cameron and Di (J Soils Sediments 2018). Here we report a lysimeter study to compare the leaching losses of Escherichia coli, phosphorus (P), and nitrogen (N) and emissions of greenhouse gases from the treated FDE compared with the untreated original FDE.

Materials and methods

Lysimeters were collected from a Balmoral silt loam soil (Typic Dystrudept, USDA) and installed in a field trench facility. Treatments included (1) treated effluent (TE), (2) a mixture of TE and recycled water (M), (3) untreated original FDE (FDE), and (4) water as control. The effluents were applied at a surface application rate of 24 mm on each lysimeter in May and again in September 2017. Measurements included leaching losses of E. coli, total phosphorus (TP), dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), total mineral nitrogen (TN), ammonium-N (NH₄⁺-N), and nitrate-N (NO₃⁻-N); emissions of nitrous oxide (N₂O), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and methane (CH₄); herbage yield; and N uptake.

Results and discussion

The results showed that E. coli, TP, and DRP leaching losses from the TE were 1.31 × 10¹⁰ cfu/ha, 0.26 kg P/ha, and 0.009 kg DRP/ha and from M treatments were 6.96 × 10⁸ cfu/ha, 0.18 kg P/ha, and 0.004 kg DRP/ha, respectively, which were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than those from the FDE which were 4.21 × 10¹⁰ cfu/ha, 1.75 kg P/ha, and 0.034 kg DRP/ha, respectively. There were no significant differences in NO₃⁻-N leaching losses amongst the different forms of effluents. There were no significant differences in total N₂O, CO₂ emissions, and CH₄ uptakes from the different effluents (P < 0.05). Herbage dry matter yields and N uptakes were also similar in the different effluent-treated lysimeters.

Conclusions

Results from this research indicate that land application of the treated effluents (TE) or a mixture of TE plus clarified water (M) would result in significant environmental benefits by reducing E. coli and P leaching without increasing greenhouse gas emissions.

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Illuminating the cellular and molecular mechanism of the potential toxicity of methacrylate monomers used in biomaterials.

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Illuminating the cellular and molecular mechanism of the potential toxicity of methacrylate monomers used in biomaterials.

Drug Chem Toxicol. 2019 Jan 04;:1-13

Authors: Juráňová J

Abstract
The cytotoxicity of methacrylate-based biopolymers crosslinked by in situ photopolymerization has been attributed mainly to residual methacrylate monomers released due to incomplete polymerization. The residual monomers, primarily triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate or 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, may irritate adjacent tissue, or be released into the bloodstream and reach practically all tissues. Increased production of reactive oxygen species, which may be connected to concomitant glutathione depletion, has been the most noticeable effect observed in vitro following the exposure of cells to methacrylates. Radical scavengers such as glutathione or N-acetylcysteine represent the most important cellular strategy against methacrylate-induced toxicity by direct adduct formation, resulting in monomer detoxification. Reactive oxygen species may participate in methacrylate-induced genotoxic or pro-apoptotic effects and cell-cycle arrest via induction of corresponding molecular pathways in cells. A deeper understanding of the biological mechanisms and effects of methacrylates widely used in various bioapplications may enable a better estimation of potential risks and thus, selection of a more appropriate composition of polymer material to eliminate potentially harmful substances such as triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate.

PMID: 30607995 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Genotoxicity of selected pharmaceuticals, their binary mixtures, and varying environmental conditions - study with human adenocarcinoma cancer HT29 cell line.

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Genotoxicity of selected pharmaceuticals, their binary mixtures, and varying environmental conditions - study with human adenocarcinoma cancer HT29 cell line.

Drug Chem Toxicol. 2019 Jan 04;:1-11

Authors: Wieczerzak M, Namieśnik J, Kudłak B

Abstract
Pharmaceutical residues are present in the environment in mixtures and their adverse effects may also result from interactions that occur between compounds. Studies presented in this work focus on genotoxicity of pharmaceuticals from different therapeutic groups in mixtures and in individual solutions impacted with different environmental conditions assessed using comet assay (alkaline approach). Binary mixtures of pharmaceuticals (in different concentration ratios) and in individual solutions impacted with pH change (range from 5.5 to 8.5) or addition of inorganic ions, were incubated with HT29 cells and after 24 h time period cells were tested for the presence of DNA damage. To estimate whether mixtures act more (synergistic) or less (antagonistic) efficiently Concentrations Addition (CA) and Independent Action (IA) approaches were applied followed by a calculation of the Model Deviation Ratio (MDR) to determine deviation from the predicted values. Addition of inorganic ions mainly reduced their genotoxicity. Diclofenac s. was the most susceptible to potassium, fluoride, and bromide ions. Change of the pH of pharmaceutical solutions had significant impact on genotoxicity of diclofenac s. and fluoxetine h. Among mixtures, more commonly observed interactions were synergistic ones, exactly twenty-five cases (ten pairs containing chloramphenicol or oxytetracycline h.) and ten cases of antagonism (four for pairs containing chloramphenicol or fluoxetine h.). The results obtained indicate that interactions between tested compounds occur frequently and can lead to DNA damage. This topic especially concerning in vitro tests using cells is still rare, however, it should not be neglected.

PMID: 30607992 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Evaluation of toxicological and antimicrobial activity of lavender and immortelle essential oils.

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Evaluation of toxicological and antimicrobial activity of lavender and immortelle essential oils.

Drug Chem Toxicol. 2019 Jan 04;:1-8

Authors: Mesic A, Mahmutović-Dizdarević I, Tahirović E, Durmišević I, Eminovic I, Jerković-Mujkić A, Bešta-Gajević R

Abstract
Lavender and immortelle essential oils (EOs) are widely used to treat a spectrum of human conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate cyto/genotoxic effects of lavender and immortelle EOs using plant cells (Allium cepa) and human lymphocytes, as well as their antimicrobial potential using nine strains of bacteria and fungi. Our results for lavender and immortelle EOs showed that the frequency of chromosome aberrations (CAs) was increased in comparison with controls. For both oils, increased frequency of apoptosis for all concentrations, as well as the frequency of necrosis (0.10/0.30 µl/ml for lavender/immortelle, respectively) was demonstrated. In human lymphocytes, differences for minute fragments between immortelle oil (0.10 µl/ml) and controls were observed. Increased frequency of apoptosis was detected for immortelle oil (0.20 µl/ml), while both oils (0.20; 0.30 µl/ml lavender, and immortelle at all concentrations) induced higher frequency of necrosis in comparison with controls. Lavender EO was effective against all tested Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, while immortelle EO inhibited only Gram-positive bacteria. Both oils exhibited antifungal effect. Our results demonstrated that lavender and immortelle EOs showed cyto/genotoxic effects in both, plant and human cells, as well as antimicrobial properties. Further studies are needed to strengthen these findings.

PMID: 30607990 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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First case of acute respiratory distress syndrome and alimentary tract hemorrhage following mass ingestion of methylisothiazolinone.

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First case of acute respiratory distress syndrome and alimentary tract hemorrhage following mass ingestion of methylisothiazolinone.

Drug Chem Toxicol. 2019 Jan 04;:1-4

Authors: Li G, Han D, Zhao Y, Liu H, Sun X, Sun J, Liu H, Liu Y

Abstract
The frequency of methylisothiazolinone (MIT)-related health concerns regarding allergic contact dermatitis with a spongiotic reaction pattern and restrictive lung function indicating peripheral airway dysfunction caused by the use of humidifier disinfectant is increasingly rising. There is a limited number of evidences supporting the environmentally acute and mass exposure to MIT resulting in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Here, we report the first case of ARDS and alimentary tract hemorrhage following mass ingestion of methylisothiazolinone.

PMID: 30607988 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Barriers of Drug Adherence among Patients with Epilepsy: in Tertiary Care Hospital, South India.

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Barriers of Drug Adherence among Patients with Epilepsy: in Tertiary Care Hospital, South India.

J Caring Sci. 2018 Dec;7(4):177-181

Authors: Das AM, Ramamoorthy L, Narayan SK, Wadwekar V

Abstract
Introduction: Epilepsy is a treatable and curable brain disorder. However major proportion of individuals with this disease in developing countries receives no treatment because of misunderstandings of the public. Other than that, poor adherence to ordered medication is considered the primary cause of drug therapy failure in epilepsy. This study conducted to assess the adherence pattern to antiepileptic regimen, among patients with epilepsy and to identify the clinical and patient-related factors contributing as barriers. Methods: A cross sectional survey design was used in 100 epilepsy patients in an Outpatient unit of tertiary care center. A Convenient sampling technique was used to enroll the patients who meet inclusion criteria. Structured interview with pre-tested questionnaire and eight item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale was used to collect the data. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for analysis of data. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, frequency and percentages) were used to describe the clinical and demographic variables of study participants. The determinants of medication adherence were analyzed using Chi-Square test and independent student t- test. The analysis was done with SPSS 20th version. Results: Majority (71%) of patients were not adherent to antiepileptic treatment. Severity of seizure (indicated by the presence of seizure last year), medication frequency and complexity of treatment were found to have significant association with the Anti-Epileptic Drugs (AED) adherence status. Status of adherence is significantly associated with frequency of seizure/year and positive life style. Conclusion: As Medication adherence was observed to be low, services for adherence counseling and health educational interventions in the epilepsy clinics is recommended.

PMID: 30607357 [PubMed]

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Chitosan hydrogels containing nanoencapsulated phenytoin for cutaneous use: Skin permeation/penetration and efficacy in wound healing.

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Chitosan hydrogels containing nanoencapsulated phenytoin for cutaneous use: Skin permeation/penetration and efficacy in wound healing.

Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2019 Mar;96:205-217

Authors: Cardoso AM, de Oliveira EG, Coradini K, Bruinsmann FA, Aguirre T, Lorenzoni R, Barcelos RCS, Roversi K, Rossato DR, Pohlmann AR, Guterres SS, Burger ME, Beck RCR

Abstract
Although phenytoin is an antiepileptic drug used in the oral treatment of epilepsy, its off-label use as a cutaneous healing agent has been studied in recent years due to the frequent reports of gingival hyperplasia after oral administration. However, the cutaneous topical application of phenytoin should prevent percutaneous skin permeation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro skin permeation/retention and in vivo effects of nanocapsules and nanoemulsions loaded with phenytoin and formulated as chitosan hydrogels on the healing process of cutaneous wounds in rats. The hydrogels had adequate pH values (4.9-5.6) for skin application, drug content of 0.025% (w/w), and non-Newtonian pseudoplastic rheological behaviour. Hydrogels containing nanocapsules and nanoemulsions enabled improved controlled release of phenytoin and adhesion to skin, compared with hydrogels containing non-encapsulated phenytoin. In vitro skin permeation studies showed that phenytoin permeation to the receptor compartment, and consequently the risk of systemic absorption, may be reduced by nanoencapsulation without any change in the in vivo performance of phenytoin in the wound healing process in rats.

PMID: 30606527 [PubMed - in process]

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Changes in background electroencephalographic activity in benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes after oxcarbazepine treatment: a standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) study.

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Changes in background electroencephalographic activity in benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes after oxcarbazepine treatment: a standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) study.

BMC Neurol. 2019 Jan 03;19(1):3

Authors: Jun YH, Eom TH, Kim YH, Chung SY, Lee IG, Kim JM

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Several neuroimaging studies have reported neurophysiological alterations in patients with benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BCECTS). However, reported outcomes have been inconsistent, and the progression of these changes in the brain remains unresolved. Moreover, background electroencephalography (EEG) in cases of BCECTS has not been performed often.
METHODS: We investigated background EEG activity changes after six months of oxcarbazepine treatment to better understand the neurophysiological alterations and progression that occur in BCECTS. In 18 children with BCECTS, non-parametric statistical analyses using standardized low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) were performed to compare the current density distribution of four frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha, and beta) between untreated and treated conditions.
RESULTS: Background EEG activity for the delta frequency band was significantly decreased in the fronto-temporal and limbic regions of the left hemisphere after oxcarbazepine treatment (threshold log-F-ratio = ±2.729, P < 0.01). The maximum current density difference was found in the parahippocampal gyrus of the left limbic lobe (Montreal Neurological Institute coordinate [x, y, z = 25, - 20, - 10], Brodmann area 28) (log-F-ratio = 3.081, P < 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate the involvement of the fronto-temporal and limbic cortices in BCECTS, and limbic lobe involvement, including the parahippocampal gyrus, was noted. In addition to evidence of the involvement of the fronto-temporal and limbic cortices in BCECTS, this study also found that an antiepileptic drug could reduce the delta frequency activity of the background EEG in these regions.

PMID: 30606133 [PubMed - in process]

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Preface for the Steve White Honorary Issue of Neurochemical Research.

Related Articles

Preface for the Steve White Honorary Issue of Neurochemical Research.

Neurochem Res. 2017 07;42(7):1865-1866

Authors: Klitgaard H

PMID: 28664401 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Fetal Hydantoin Syndrome.

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Fetal Hydantoin Syndrome.

J Pediatr. 2017 09;188:304

Authors: Hegde A, Kaur A, Sood A, Dhanorkar M, Varma HT, Singh G, Saini AG, Kumar P

PMID: 28578158 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Steve White: A Hero for Patients with Epilepsy.

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Steve White: A Hero for Patients with Epilepsy.

Neurochem Res. 2017 07;42(7):1871-1872

Authors: Axelrod S

PMID: 28197853 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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H. Steve White: A Champion for Contemporary Epilepsy Research.

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H. Steve White: A Champion for Contemporary Epilepsy Research.

Neurochem Res. 2017 07;42(7):1869-1870

Authors: Kohn H

PMID: 28124214 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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[Influence of postcode on paediatric admissions in Seville].

Related Articles

[Influence of postcode on paediatric admissions in Seville].

An Pediatr (Barc). 2017 Dec;87(6):320-329

Authors: Tornero Patricio S, Charris-Castro L, Granero Asencio M, Daponte Codina A

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The postcode (where the home is situated) is an indicator of socioeconomic status and is associated with morbidity, mortality, and the use of health services. The aim of this study was to analyse its effects on paediatric admissions and to determine the rates of the most common causes of paediatric admissions in Seville.
MATHERIAL AND METHODS: An observational cross-sectional study with two analysis units: under 15 year-old "admissions" in public hospitals in Seville (n=2,660) and "city districts" of Seville (n=11). The independent variable analysed was whether the postcode of the admitted patients was within a Regional Government designated "area with social transformation needs". The analysis of the admissions was performed using X2-test, Fisher test and Student-t test, with the description of rates using the calculation of crude and specific rates, and by rate ratio.
RESULTS: Children living in districts with a lower socioeconomic status were on average 7 months younger (P<.001), and they were significantly more likely to be admitted via the emergency department (P<.001). There was no statistical difference detected in either the length of hospital stay or mortality. The crude admission rate ratio was higher in districts with a lower socioeconomic status (1.8), with a higher specific rate ratio detected in admissions due to asthma, respiratory infections, inguinal hernia, and epilepsy/convulsions.
CONCLUSIONS: Paediatric hospital admission rates of the main diagnoses were higher in districts with a lower socioeconomic status. Children living in these districts were more likely to be admitted younger and via the emergency department.

PMID: 28063821 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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A Tribute to Steve White.

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A Tribute to Steve White.

Neurochem Res. 2017 07;42(7):1867-1868

Authors: Perucca E

PMID: 27696118 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Transcervical Carotid Artery Stenting Without Flow Reversal: A Report of Two Cases.

Related Articles

Transcervical Carotid Artery Stenting Without Flow Reversal: A Report of Two Cases.

Am J Case Rep. 2019 Jan 04;20:15-20

Authors: Assaad M, Berry A, Zughaib M

Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of a carotid artery stent (CAS) is a management option for high-risk patients with carotid artery stenosis. An access site for CAS that involves the transcervical approach may be performed percutaneously or may require a cutdown, and usually includes a flow-reversal system to reduce the risk of embolization. Two cases are presented where the transcervical approach to CAS incorporated a distal filter for embolic protection, with a successful outcome. CASE REPORT 1. A 78-year-old man with a history of prior irradiation for head and neck cancer presented for CAS after clinical evaluation showed that he was a poor candidate for carotid endarterectomy (CEA). A femoral approach for carotid artery access was not successful due to a tortuous type III aortic arch. A surgical cutdown of the carotid artery was performed with the use of a distal filter, and the CAS was inserted with no embolic events. 2. A 69-year-old man with an anatomically high bifurcation of his carotid artery was not a candidate for CEA due to limited carotid artery access. Diagnostic carotid angiography was also difficult to perform. The CAS was successfully sited with the use of a distal filter and with no post-procedural complications. CONCLUSIONS CAS is an option for carotid artery stenosis in patients with high surgical risk for CEA. Although a flow-reversal system is usually used to reduce embolic events, these two cases demonstrate that one can also avoid embolism with a distal filter instead.

PMID: 30606999 [PubMed - in process]

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Occurrence and removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives in an ecological wastewater treatment plant in South China and effluent impact to the receiving river

Abstract

Ecological wastewater treatment plant (EWWTP), a kind of emerging wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in recent years, combined microbiology with botany which is efficient for the removal of nitrogen and organic matter, as well as deodorization. The occurrence and removal of micro-organic pollutants in EWWTPs were still not well known. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their typical derivatives (SPAHs) including the oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs), chlorinated PAHs (ClPAHs), and methyl PAHs (MPAHs) were investigated in an EWWTP in Guangdong Province, China. The concentrations of the Σ6 OPAHs (114–384 ng/L) were higher than the Σ16 PAHs (92–250 ng/L), and much higher than the Σ4 MPAHs (13–64 ng/L) and Σ9 ClPAHs (2–3 ng/L) in the EWWTP and the effluent receiving river. The total removal efficiencies of the PAHs, OPAHs, MPAHs, and ClPAHs in the EWWTP (43 ± 14%, 41 ± 7%, 55 ± 16%, and 18 ± 4%) were lower than the traditional WWTPs, probably due to the lower concentration of the sludge in the ecological treatment. The advanced treatment process (microfiltration and UV disinfection treatment) contributed much less (0–20%) to the whole removal efficiency than the ecological treatment (80–100%). The effluent from the EWWTP slightly reduced the PAHs and SPAHs concentrations in the receiving river. The high concentrations of the PAHs and SPAHs in the receiving river were similar to the influent of the EWWTP, indicating that some untreated wastewater was directly discharged to the river, especially in the upstream.

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Impacts of leachate of landfill on the groundwater hydrochemistry and size distributions and heavy metal components of colloids: a case study in NE China

Abstract

Colloids associated with heavy metals are ubiquitous in contaminated groundwater; waste accumulation at imperfectly sealed landfills can produce large amounts of leachate with colloids and heavy metal contaminants, which can pollute the downstream groundwater. In this study, three sites in a landfill were sampled to reveal heavy metal particle size distributions and their chemical compositions. The > 220 nm particle sizes were the predominant size in the downstream groundwater, while the < 10 nm particle sizes were the predominant size in the upstream groundwater. Total Fe increased from 35.5 μg/L in the upstream groundwater to 107 μg/L in the downstream groundwater. This increase was attributed to the enhanced migration and accumulation of colloids in the aqueous phase. The elements and the colloid size distribution in the landfill indirectly reflected the composition and degradation of the waste. Colloids played a key role in distribution of both solid particles and aqueous contaminants in the landfill. The results of this study will contribute to the knowledge of the effect of different contaminants in the vicinity of landfills without appropriate sealing systems.

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3D printed resin-coated device for uranium (VI) extraction

Publication date: 1 May 2019

Source: Talanta, Volume 196

Author(s): Melisa Rodas Ceballos, Francisco González Serra, José Manuel Estela, Víctor Cerdà, Laura Ferrer

Abstract

Laser-based stereolithography (SLA) 3D printing has been applied to construct a 3D printed device as support for uranium(VI) extraction, using a quaternary ammonium salt in liquid and solid form. As proof of concept, a simple process was carried out to immobilize a selective and commercial resin (TEVA resin), in all the surface area of the non-cured SLA 3D printed device, becoming immobilized after UV photocuring. Besides, a coat of Aliquat®336 covering the surface of the cured SLA 3D printed device was tested. Both 3D printed devices as supported for liquid and solid extractant were characterized. Better results in terms of precision were obtained by using TEVA resin (RSD 2.9%), which was satisfactory optimized, reaching a LOD of 0.03 ng U(VI), and a durability of 10 consecutive extractions, maintaining a recovery of 90% with 5% RSD. The 3D printed device is able to preconcentrate up to a sample volume of 30 mL, without any additional pretreatment. The uranium detection was performed with an ICP-MS. Satisfactorily results were obtained analyzing reference material, e.g. phosphogypsum and water matrices from intercomparison exercises, at a confidence level of 95%.

Graphical abstract

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Antioxidant and antimicrobial markers by UPLC®–ESI-Q-TOF-MSE of a new multilayer active packaging based on Arctostaphylos uva-ursi

Publication date: 1 May 2019

Source: Talanta, Volume 196

Author(s): Magdalena Wrona, Sabrina Blasco, Raquel Becerril, Cristina Nerin, Ester Sales, Esther Asensio

Abstract

49 different non-volatile compounds were determined in Spanish Arctostaphylos uva-ursi leaves using UPLC^®-ESI-Q-TOF with MS^E technology. Both positive and negative electrospray ionization were applied. MarkerLynx^® was proposed as a powerful tool to distinguish samples from eight wild populations of Spain by determining their non-volatile markers. Development of HRMS methods let to analysis of metabolites in plants. Antioxidant and antimicrobial capacities of different extracts were evaluated. Plant extract with the strongest antioxidant and simultaneous good antimicrobial capacity (Lierta) was chosen and incorporated in a multilayer packaging. Then, antioxidant capacity of the new packaging was evaluated and the efficient free radical scavenging properties were demonstrated.

Graphical abstract

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The peroxidase-mimicking function of acetate and its application in single-enzyme-based glucose test paper

Publication date: 1 May 2019

Source: Talanta, Volume 196

Author(s): Yanwei Luo, Ruidi Shen, Tingting Li, Cen Xiong, Gongke Li, Liansheng Ling

Abstract

Acetate ion was widely used in pH buffer to control pH environment. Here we firstly found that acetate ion had mimic peroxidase activity. Acetate ions are capable of catalyzing the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide and play a similar role to that of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Acetate catalyzes the oxidation of tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) by H₂O₂, which is the product of the reaction of glucose and glucose oxidase. A colorimetric sensor for H₂O₂ and glucose was developed using acetate ions. The linear regression equation for H₂O₂ was A = 0.0029 C + 0.0530 (C (μmolL⁻¹), R = 0.9978), and the detection limit was 3.0 μmolL⁻¹, whereas that for glucose was A = 0.0021 C + 0.0709 (C (μmol L⁻¹), R = 0.9977), and the detection limit was 4.0 μmol L⁻¹. Moreover, the proposed method was successfully applied for the detection of H₂O₂ in human urine and glucose in human serum; thus, the proposed method could be used for the diagnosis of illness or disease. A single-enzyme-based glucose test paper was firstly prepared and tested for semi-quantitative analysis of glucose.

Graphical abstract

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Sensitive electrochemical detection of gp120 based on the combination of NBD-556 and gp120

Publication date: 1 May 2019

Source: Talanta, Volume 196

Author(s): Ya Ma, Cheng Liu, Min Wang, Li-Shi Wang

Abstract

As is known, the employment of molecular imprinting polymer (MIP) as specific sensing materials in sensors, namely MIP-based sensors. In this contribution, we devised a MIP electrochemical sensor for the detection of variable-format conformations protein gp120. The sensor was constructed by using a grapheme-like carbon nanfragment (CNF) and bismuth oxides composites (CNF-Bi) as decoration material, small-molecule entry inhibitor NBD-556 and gp120 conjugates NBD-556@gp120 instead of gp120 as the template, and pyrrole as an electropolymerization monomer. Cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscope were used to characterize the preparation process of the sensor. Results showing that, under optimized conditions, the introduction of NBD-556 make the specific recognition and analytical properties of the MIP sensor towards gp120 more efficient. The response currents were proportional to the NBD-556@gp120 concentrations in the range of 0.0002 ng mL⁻¹ to 200 ng mL⁻¹ with the detection limit of 0.0003 ng mL⁻¹ based on S/N = 3. Meanwhile, the NBD-556@gp120 based MIP sensor also shows acceptable stability and reproducibility. When used for the detection of gp120 in human plasma, it also showed good accuracy. This research idea is in great promising for the early diagnosis of HIV-1 virus and can also be extended to the detection of other conformationally unstable proteins.

Graphical abstract

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Novel electrochemical sensing platform based on integration of molecularly imprinted polymer with Au@Ag hollow nanoshell for determination of resveratrol

Publication date: 1 May 2019

Source: Talanta, Volume 196

Author(s): Dongyang Wang, Jia Wang, Junjie Zhang, Yangguang Li, Yang Zhang, Yingchun Li, Bang-Ce Ye

Abstract

An electrochemical sensor is developed based on molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) and Au@Ag hollow nanoshell modified indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes (MIP/Au@Ag/ITO) for resveratrol (Res) determination. Au@Ag bimetallic hollow nanoshells were prepared by electrodeposition, and followed with a simple replacement reaction. A layer of MIP was then synthesized in situ on the Au@Ag surface by electro-polymerization, with Res acting as template molecule and o-phenylenediamine as functional monomer. Hexacyanoferrate was used as electrochemical probe to generate signals, and the electrochemical behaviors of Res-MIP/Au@Ag/ITO were explored by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). A linear range from 2.0 × 10⁻¹¹ to 9.0 × 10⁻⁹ M for measuring Res was obtained, with a low detection limit of 7.1 × 10⁻¹² M (S/N = 3). With good stability and selectivity, this newly developed sensor has been successfully applied to Res measurement in grape seed extract.

Graphical abstract

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Semi-quantitative analysis of samples in solutions using Aerodynamic Breakup Droplet ionization (ABDI) mass spectrometry

Publication date: 1 May 2019

Source: Talanta, Volume 196

Author(s): Viktor V. Pervukhin, Dmitriy G. Sheven

Abstract

In Aerodynamic Breakup Droplet ionization (ABDI) mass spectrometry the dimer/monomer (I₂/I₁) and trimer/dimer (I₃/I₂) ratios are considered for compounds ionized in various ways. The following test compounds were selected: morphine (gives protonated ion, (M+H)⁺); hexogen, RDX (forms adducts with anion of chlorine or nitrate ion); and trinitrotoluene, TNT (gives deprotonated ion, (M-H)^-). The test compounds were dissolved in water, acetonitrile or ethanol. It is shown that in the ABDI mass spectra of a number of compounds (protonated morphine ions in water and RDX adducts with chlorine in acetonitrile), the ratios I₂/I₁ and I₃/I₂ linearly depend on the analyte concentration in the solution. This is evident throughout the range of measured concentrations, when monomers and dimers are simultaneously visible in the mass spectrum. The phenomenon can be roughly explained by the dimerization of analyte molecules in singly charged parent drops during ABDI ionization. The linearity of the I₂/I₁ and I₃/I₂ on the concentration can be used for estimation of the analyte concentration in a sample without using an internal or external standard. This can be useful for routine analysis when standards are not commercially available or very expensive.

Graphical abstract

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Microwave-assisted fabrication of copper-functionalized carbon quantum dots for sensitive detection of histidine

Publication date: 1 May 2019

Source: Talanta, Volume 196

Author(s): Yucan Che, Hongyu Pang, Huiyu Li, Lei Yang, Xinyao Fu, Shiqi Liu, Lan Ding, Juan Hou

Abstract

Fluorescent carbon quantum dots are emerging as a new class of fluorescent probes due to their unique optical properties. Herein, we presented a simple, one-pot and effective preparation strategy for copper-functionalized carbon quantum dots (Cu-CDs). The Cu-CDs demonstrated excitation-independent emissions, high fluorescent quantum yield (~ 24.4%) and excellent fluorescent stability. The fluorescence of Cu-CDs could be quenched efficiently in the presence of histidine (His) due to the coordination occurring between surface Cu and imidazole side chains of His. Thus, the Cu-CDs could be used as an efficient fluorescent probe for His detection. Under optimal conditions, the fluorescent signals of Cu-CDs decreased linearly with the concentrations of His over a range of 0.1–15 µM. The detection limit was 30 nM. The proposed method provided obvious advantages of rapid response, convenience, simplicity, high selectivity and sensitivity. Moreover, good results also have been obtained for His detection in real biological fluid samples.

Graphical abstract

Copper-functionalized carbon dots were fabricated through a one-pot microwave-assisted method and then applied to the sensitive and selective detection of histidine.

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A review on nanostructured carbon quantum dots and their applications in biotechnology, sensors, and chemiluminescence

Publication date: 1 May 2019

Source: Talanta, Volume 196

Author(s): Mohammad Jafar Molaei

Abstract

Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are a member of carbon nanostructures family which have received increasing attention for their photoluminescence (PL), physical and chemical stability and low toxicity. The classical semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are semiconductor particles that are able to emit fluorescence by excitation. The CQDs is mainly referred to photoluminescent carbon nanoparticles less than 10 nm, with surface modification or functionalization. Contrary to other carbon nanostructures, CQDs can be synthesized and functionalized fast and easily. The fluorescence origin of the CQDs is a controversial issue which depends on carbon source, experimental conditions, and functional groups. However, PL emissions originated from conjugated π-domains and surface defects have been proposed for the PL emission mechanisms of the CQDs. These nanostructures have been used as nontoxic alternatives to the classical heavy metals containing semiconductor QDs in some applications such as in-vivo and in-vitro bio-imaging, drug delivery, photosensors, chemiluminescence (CL), and etc. This paper will introduce CQDs, their structure, and PL characteristics. Recent advances of the application of CQDs in biotechnology, sensors, and CL is comprehensively discussed.

Graphical abstract

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Application of a RE-AIM Evaluation Framework to Test Integration of a Mindfulness Based Parenting Intervention into a Drug Treatment Program

Abstract

Background The RE-AIM framework was applied to the Mindfulness Based Parenting (MBP) intervention to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of this innovative trauma informed model in a drug treatment program. The MBP intervention is aimed at mitigating the stress experienced by women in treatment for substance use disorders, and thereby improving parenting and dyadic attachment between mother and child. Methods This was a single arm pre-test post-test design using repeated measure data collected between 2013 and 2016. The design also includes comprehensive process and impact evaluation data. Participants were 120 parenting women enrolled in an opioid treatment program between 2013 and 2016 in Philadelphia, PA. The MBP intervention included weekly 2-h MBP group sessions over 12 weeks, including three dyadic sessions with their child. The main outcomes of this study include the five facets of RE-AIM: Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance. Results The MBP intervention was associated with improvements in parenting across participants. Data showed implementation and sustainability are contingent upon a strong multidisciplinary team and clinical staff support and "buy-in". Iterative adaptations of interventions used in the general population may be necessary when working with a traumatized population burdened by low literacy levels, trauma history and co-occurring disorders. Conclusions MBP is a feasible and effective intervention for improving parenting and dyadic attachment between women with opioid use disorder and their children, and may be useful for other programs that serve parenting women with substance use disorders.

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Educational Attainment and Pregnancy Outcomes: A Danish Register-Based Study of the Influence of Childhood Social Disadvantage on Later Socioeconomic Disparities in Induced Abortion, Spontaneous Abortion, Stillbirth and Preterm Delivery

Abstract

Objectives Socioeconomic disparities in pregnancy outcomes have been found across times and places, but there is a lack of studies investigating the underlying causes. The present study investigated the influence of child protective services in the pregnant woman's family of origin as a proxy of childhood social disadvantage. Methods The study population comprised all registered pregnancies in Denmark during the period from 2000 to 2009 that resulted in an induced abortion, spontaneous abortion, stillbirth or live birth (N = 786,054). Linear regression was used to analyze the associations between educational attainment and pregnancy outcomes in models with and without adjustment for age, parental educational attainment and child protective services in the family of origin. Further, it was tested whether child protective services in the pregnant woman's family of origin modified the associations between educational attainment and pregnancy outcomes. Results Women with low educational attainment had a higher risk of induced abortion, stillbirth and preterm delivery and a lower risk of spontaneous abortion. These associations were to some extent explained by child protective services in the family of origin. Further, child protective services in the pregnant woman's family of origin modified the association between educational attainment and risk of preterm delivery. Thus, women with high educational attainment were not found to differ in risk of preterm delivery according to child protective services in the family of origin Conclusions for Practice Information on childhood social disadvantage may enrich our understanding of the socioeconomic disparities in pregnancy outcomes

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Exploring the Risks of Repeated Pregnancy Among Adolescents and Young Women in the Philippines

Abstract

Objective Knowledge of the factors which influence repeat pregnancy can inform much needed evidence-based prevention programs. This study aims to identify correlates of repeat pregnancy in the Philippines. Methods We used data from five Philippine Demographic and Health Surveys (1993–2013). A total of 4757 women 15–24 years old who had experienced ≥ 1 pregnancy were included. Individual and partner-related factors were fitted into a series of logistic regression stepwise models with deformalized survey weights. Stratified analyses using two age groups (15–19, 20–24) were also conducted. Interaction terms were included to test for statistical differences between the groups. Results Lower wealth quintiles [odds ratio (OR) 1.71, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17–2.49] and partner characteristics such as age of ≥ 30 years (OR = 1.99, CI = 1.41–2.82), multiple partners (OR = 4.19, CI = 1.57–11.19) and live-in status (OR = 1.38, CI = 1.02–1.87) were found to be highly correlated with repeat pregnancy in fully adjusted analysis. Receiving prenatal care from traditional healers (OR = 1.93, CI = 1.02–3.63) during the first pregnancy and giving birth for the first time before 18 years of age (OR = 1.12, CI = 1.04–1.20) showed increased risks among 15–19 years old compared to 20–24 years old in stratified analysis. Conclusions for practice In general, partner characteristics were associated with repeat pregnancy among young women suggesting male involvement, especially older partners, in family planning. High risks for repeat pregnancy were observed among adolescent women who reported younger age at first birth and received prenatal care from a traditional healer which entail promotion of trained prenatal care. Further analysis is needed to validate these findings in other developing countries.

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Construction and validation of a simple scoring system for stage III colorectal cancer recurrence (SiS-SCORE). A case control study.

Construction and validation of a simple scoring system for stage III colorectal cancer recurrence (SiS-SCORE). A case control study.

Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2019 Jan 04;:

Authors: Ishikawa S, Sawayama H, Matsuo A, Uchino R, Honda S, Hirota M, Baba H

Abstract
Background: Stage III colorectal cancer is an indication for adjuvant chemotherapy; however, there is no definite view on the selection of regimen. If the recurrence can be predicted, it can serve as the indicator of regimen selection. The present study aimed to predict the recurrence of stage III colorectal cancer by constructing a simple scoring system.
Methods: The information of stage III cases that underwent curative surgery was obtained from two facilities and analyzed. A scoring system was constructed from the analysis results and evaluated based on the cases from a different facility.
Results: Five factors were extracted by multivariate analysis: age > 65, male, rectum, ≥pN2 and CA19-9 > 37. When these parameters were scored as 1 point each, the score was correlated with the cumulative recurrence rate. Additionally, when cases were divided into three groups (≤1 point, 2 points, ≥3 points), the 5-year recurrence rate was as follows:, ≤1 point: 33.3%, 2 points: 42.1%, ≥3 points: 78.6%. The cumulative recurrence rate of ≥3 points was significantly higher than that of ≤1 point (P < 0.001). Similar results were obtained by evaluating that cases at a different facility (P = 0.032). Both cases with 2 points were located between ≤1 point and ≥3 points, reflecting the average recurrence rate of each institution.
Conclusion: As the SiS-SCORE presented the same result in the facility that was different from the base facility, it can be used widely. However, a prospective study is required to prove the usefulness of the SiS-SCORE.

PMID: 30608600 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Randomized phase II/III trial of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine and S-1 versus upfront surgery for resectable pancreatic cancer (Prep-02/JSAP05).

Randomized phase II/III trial of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine and S-1 versus upfront surgery for resectable pancreatic cancer (Prep-02/JSAP05).

Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2019 Jan 04;:

Authors: Motoi F, Kosuge T, Ueno H, Yamaue H, Satoi S, Sho M, Honda G, Matsumoto I, Wada K, Furuse J, Matsuyama Y, Unno M, Study Group of Preoperative Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer (Prep) and Japanese Study Group of Adjuvant Therapy for Pancreatic cancer (JSAP)

Abstract
A randomized, controlled trial has begun to compare neoadjuvant chemotherapy using gemcitabine and S-1 with upfront surgery for patients planned resection of pancreatic cancer. Patients were enrolled after the diagnosis of resectable or borderline resectable by portal vein involvement pancreatic cancer with histological confirmation. They were randomly assigned to either neoadjuvant chemotherapy or upfront surgery. Adjuvant chemotherapy using S-1 was administered for 6 months to patients with curative resection who fully recovered within 10 weeks after surgery in both arms. The primary endpoint is overall survival; secondary endpoints include adverse events, resection rate, recurrence-free survival, residual tumor status, nodal metastases and tumor marker kinetics. The target sample size was required to be at least 163 (alpha-error 0.05; power 0.8) in both arms. A total of 360 patients were required after considering ineligible cases. This trial began in January 2013 and was registered with the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000009634).

PMID: 30608598 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Salvage radiation therapy for prostate cancer patients after prostatectomy.

Salvage radiation therapy for prostate cancer patients after prostatectomy.

Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2019 Jan 04;:

Authors: Mima T, Ohori M, Hirasawa Y, Mikami R, Arai A, Hashimoto T, Satake N, Gondo T, Nakagami Y, Namiki K, Tokuuye K, Ohno Y

Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify risk factors to predict a biochemical recurrence (BCR) in patients treated with salvage radiation therapy (SRT) after radical prostatectomy (RP).
Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 122 Japanese patients who received SRT for BCR after RP. Using uni- and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models, we identified the predictive factors of BCR after SRT.
Results: With a median follow-up of 61.3 months, 45.9% of the patients showed BCR after SRT, with 61.5 and 41.8% of non-BCR rates at the second and fifth years. Univariate proportional hazards analysis demonstrated that extraprostatic disease (P = 0.029), seminal vesicle invasion (P = 0.005), microvascular invasion (P = 0.001), postoperative Gleason score (P = 0.008) and pre-SRT prostate-specific antigen (PSA) (P = 0.005) were significantly associated with BCR after SRT. However, only the presence of microvascular invasion and a higher pre-SRT PSA were significant predictors in the multivariate analysis. The non-BCR rate in the second year after SRT for 15 patients with microvascular invasion and pre-SRT PSA > 1.2 ng/ml was only 21% compared to 72.5% of 72 patients with negative microvascular invasion and a pre-SRT PSA of <1.2 ng/ml (P = 0.000031).
Conclusions: While SRT is the most important secondary treatment option for patients with BCR after RP, the effectiveness of SRT may not be uniform. The combination of risk factors such as microvascular invasion in RP specimens and pre-SRT PSA may provide a better way to stratify the risk of BCR after SRT.

PMID: 30608594 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Prevalence and clinical implications of t(11;14) in patients with amyloid light-chain amyloidosis with or without concurrent multiple myeloma.

Prevalence and clinical implications of t(11;14) in patients with amyloid light-chain amyloidosis with or without concurrent multiple myeloma.

Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2019 Jan 04;:

Authors: Kobayashi H, Abe Y, Miura D, Narita K, Kitadate A, Takeuchi M, Matsue K

Abstract
According to fluorescent in situ hybridization, t(11;14) is the most common cytogenetic abnormality in amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis, but its prevalence in patients with AL amyloidosis and concurrent multiple myeloma (MM) remains unknown. We aimed to examine the prevalence of t(11;14) and the differences in clinical characteristics of patients with t(11;14) who had AL amyloidosis with or without concurrent MM. We retrospectively analyzed 40 patients with AL amyloidosis between January 2008 and January 2018 at our institution. The prevalence of t(11;14) was significantly higher in patients with AL amyloidosis alone compared with those with concurrent MM (56.5% vs. 17.6%; P = 0.022). This study suggests that AL amyloidosis patients with concurrent MM have a lower prevalence of t(11;14) than those without MM and that the presence of t(11;14) may be associated with poor prognosis, irrespective of the presence or absence of MM.

PMID: 30608548 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Introducing the eighth edition of the tumor-node-metastasis classification as relevant to colorectal cancer, anal cancer and appendiceal cancer: a comparison study with the seventh edition of the tumor-node-metastasis and the Japanese Classification of Colorectal, Appendiceal, and Anal Carcinoma.

Introducing the eighth edition of the tumor-node-metastasis classification as relevant to colorectal cancer, anal cancer and appendiceal cancer: a comparison study with the seventh edition of the tumor-node-metastasis and the Japanese Classification of Colorectal, Appendiceal, and Anal Carcinoma.

Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2019 Jan 04;:

Authors: Shida D, Kanemitsu Y, Hamaguchi T, Shimada Y

Abstract
Background: The eighth edition of the tumor-node-metastasis classification of malignant tumors updates cancer staging according to the evidence accumulated in the last 8 years since the release of the tumor-node-metastasis seventh edition. This review focuses on the new staging system.
Methods: The eight edition was compared with the seventh edition as well as the Japanese Classification of Colorcetal, Appendiceal, and Anal carcinoma ninth edition.
Results: Of colon and rectum, the tumor-node-metastasis eighth edition expands the M category. Specifically, colorectal cancer with peritoneal metastasis is newly categorized as M1c, distinguishing it from M1a (metastasis to one organ) and M1b (metastasis to more than one organ). In the ninth edition of Japanese Classification of Colorectal, Appendiceal, and Anal Carcinoma, M1c is further subdivided into M1c1 (metastasis to the peritoneum without other organ involvement) and M1c2 (metastasis to the peritoneum with other organ involvement). In the T category, the tumor-node-metastasis eighth edition excludes high-grade dysplasia (intraepithelial carcinoma) from Tis; this differs from both the tumor-node-metastasis seventh edition and the Japanese Classification of Colorectal, Appendiceal, and Anal Carcinoma ninth edition. In the N category, the tumor-node-metastasis eighth edition does not add the number of tumor deposits to the number of positive regional lymph nodes, whereas this number is added in the Japanese Classification of Colorectal, Appendiceal, and Anal Carcinoma ninth edition. The definition of anal cancer is also modified considerably in the tumor-node-metastasis eighth edition; specifically, tumors of perianal skin defined as within 5 cm of the anal margin are also classified as anal canal carcinoma, external iliac lymph nodes become regional lymph nodes, and both N2 and N3 are abolished in the N category. With regard to appendix, Tis (low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasma) and tumor deposit(s) are newly introduced. Finally, the tumor-node-metastasis eighth edition offers a new structure, labeled a 'prognostic factors grid', which consists of prognostic factors for survival in both colorectal and anal cancer.
Conclusions: Staging classification is updated regularly, which clinicians should always catch up with.

PMID: 30608547 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Comparison of phosphorus sorption characteristics in the soils of riparian buffer strips with different land use patterns and distances from the shoreline around Lake Chaohu

Abstract

Purpose

The construction of riparian buffer strips has become increasingly important due to the effective phosphorus (P) retention of the strips, thus preventing eutrophication in freshwater ecosystems. The key mechanism is P sorption in soils. To provide some suggestions for increasing the sorption ability of P, the relationships between P sorption behavior and both land use patterns and distance from the shoreline were determined.

Materials and methods

In April, July, and October 2013, field investigations were carried out along the shoreline of Lake Chaohu. Eleven sections, including 36 sampling sites at different distances from the shoreline, were chosen, and these sections contained different types of riparian buffer strips, such as grassland, farmland, forest, wetland, and forest/grassland. The P species, sorption parameters, and dominant vegetation species were analyzed.

Results and discussion

The total P (TP) and P sorption maximum (Q_max) showed no recognizable seasonal variation and were closely correlated with the distance from the shoreline. The further the distance from the shoreline, the higher the TP and Q_max values, suggesting that soil traits could determine the P sorption extent. However, the Olsen-P content and equilibrium P concentration (EPC₀) fluctuated greatly, with the peak occurring in spring and the minimum occurring in summer in the majority of the sampling sites. In addition, positive relationships existed between the TP content and the Q_max value as well as the Olsen-P content and the EPC₀ value. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) further showed that the Olsen-P content and EPC₀ values were closely related to the dominant vegetation species, indicating that land use patterns played a decisive role in regulating the P sorption strength and the level of available P.

Conclusions

To effectively adsorb P (increase Q_max) and prevent P leaching (reduce the EPC₀), we recommend changing the land use patterns (more constructed wetlands and forests with grass) in riparian buffers.

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