Anaerobic butanol production driven by oxygen-evolving photosynthesis using the heterocyst-forming multicellular cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120

Abstract

Cyanobacteria are oxygen-evolving photosynthetic bacteria. Established genetic manipulation methods and recently developed gene-regulation tools have enabled the photosynthetic conversion of carbon dioxide to biofuels and valuable chemicals in cyanobacteria, especially in unicellular cyanobacteria. However, the oxygen sensitivity of enzyme(s) introduced into cyanobacteria hampers productivity in some cases. Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 is a filamentous cyanobacterium consisting of a few hundred of vegetative cells, which perform oxygenic photosynthesis. Upon nitrogen deprivation, heterocysts, which are specialized cells for nitrogen fixation, are differentiated from vegetative cells at semiregular intervals. The micro-oxic environment within heterocysts protects oxygen-labile nitrogenase from oxygen. This study aimed to repurpose the heterocyst as a host for the production of chemicals with oxygen-sensitive enzymes under photosynthetic conditions. Herein, Anabaena strains expressing enzymes of 1-butanol synthetic pathway from the anaerobe Clostridium acetobutylicum within heterocysts were created. A strain that expressed a highly oxygen-sensitive Bcd/EtfAB complex produced 1-butanol even under photosynthetic conditions. Furthermore, the 1-butanol production per heterocyst cell of a butanol-producing Anabaena strain was fivefold higher than that per cell of unicellular cyanobacterium with the same set of 1-butanol synthetic pathway genes. Thus, our study showed the usefulness of Anabaena heterocysts as a chassis for anaerobic production driven by oxygen-evolving photosynthesis.

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MicroRNA-132 Plays an Independent Prognostic Role in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma and Acts as a Tumor Suppressor

Technology in Cancer Research &Treatment, Volume 18, Issue , January 2019.


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Computer-Aided Diagnosis of Pancreas Serous Cystic Neoplasms: A Radiomics Method on Preoperative MDCT Images

Technology in Cancer Research &Treatment, Volume 18, Issue , January 2019.


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lncINS-IGF2 Promotes Cell Proliferation and Migration by Promoting G1/S Transition in Lung Cancer

Technology in Cancer Research &Treatment, Volume 18, Issue , January 2019.


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Exosomes: A Promising Avenue for the Diagnosis of Breast Cancer

Technology in Cancer Research &Treatment, Volume 18, Issue , January 2019.


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Correction to: Potential revenue and breakeven of energy storage systems in PJM energy markets

The original publication of this paper contains a mistake.

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High efficiency inactivation of microalgae in ballast water by a new proposed dual-wave UV-photocatalysis system (UVA/UVC-TiO 2 )

Abstract

A new synergistic method was developed to inactivate marine microalgae using combined longwave ultraviolet (UVA) and shortwave ultraviolet (UVC)-photocatalysis (UVA/UVC-TiO₂) technology. Five kinds of representative marine microalgae in three phyla were used as inactivating targets to examine the inactivation effect. Compared with the photocatalytic systems using UVA or UVC alone as the light source, the algae inactivation ratio in the newly developed system increased by 0.31 log or 0.19 log, and the chlorophyll a removal rate increased by 17.5% or 9.7%, respectively. Total suspended solids (TSS) of the seawater did not cause remarkable impact on the inactivation process, and the increase of UV radiation intensity improved the treatment effect significantly. Further, UVA/UVC-TiO₂ treatment causes irreversible damage to microalgae cell membrane. The content of lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) increased rapidly within a short period of time, and a large number of proteins leaked out. The results of this study indicated that UVA/UVC-TiO₂ was an effective method to solve the challenge of efficient inactivation of plankton in ballast water containing a high density of suspended matter.

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Accuracy of Digital Tomosynthesis of the Chest in Detection of Interstitial Lung Disease Comparison With Digital Chest Radiography

Purpose The aim of the study was to assess the ability of chest digital tomosynthesis (DTS) for detection of interstitial lung disease (ILD) compared with conventional chest radiography. Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed 78 patients (60 males, 18 females, mean age = 53.05 years, range, 19–83 years) who underwent chest DTS for a 5-year interval (January 1, 2009–December 31, 2014). Of the 78 patients, 33 (42.3%) carried a diagnosis of ILD and 45 (57.7%) were not ILD. All computed tomography reports and medical records were reviewed. The conventional chest radiography and DTS were separately reviewed by 2 radiologists for the presence of ILD and the confidence in diagnosis. Results The diagnostic accuracy of DTS for the detection of ILD was better than conventional chest radiography (P

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Newly Categorized Seromucinous Tumor of the Ovary: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings

Objective The aim of this study was to describe magnetic resonance imaging findings of newly categorized ovarian seromucinous tumors. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the images of 29 patients with seromucinous tumor for the following factors: size, configuration, signal intensity (SI), and accompanying ovarian endometriosis. Results Thirty-two tumors (17 benign, 7 borderline, 8 carcinoma) were found on computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Their mean size was 11.4 cm. Benign tumors appeared as unilocular or multilocular cystic masses. Borderline tumors and carcinomas appeared as complex cystic-solid masses. T2-weighted SI of the solid portion was hyperintense in borderline tumors and intermediate in carcinomas. Endometriosis was present in 18 tumors, and hemorrhage (on images) in 20. Conclusions The imaging features of seromucinous tumors varied by tumor type. More than half of tumors were accompanied by endometriosis. High T2-weighted SI of the solid portion could be a specific feature of borderline tumors. It is hard to differentiate seromucinous carcinomas from other endometriosis-related carcinomas.

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Fetal Cardiac Functional Assessment by Fetal Heart Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Objective We attempted to evaluate fetal cardiac activity of congenital heart disease (CHD) and normal heart fetuses by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods We evaluated the fetal cardiac functional assessment and the blood flow of descending aorta at 34 weeks' gestation or more by MRI and compared the results with ultrasonography findings. We measured 6 normal heart fetuses and 14 CHD fetuses. Results The ejection fraction (EF) and descending aorta blood flow in the CHD group were 76.4% ± 11.9%, 687.5 ± 303.8 mL/min by ultrasonography and 48.3% ± 7.1%, 711.4 ± 273.1 mL/min by MRI; those in the normal group were 66.9% ± 12.2%, 898.1 ± 245.9 mL/min by ultrasonography and 51.3% ± 4.2%, 911.9 ± 223.1 mL/min by MRI. Conclusions There was no significant difference in descending aorta blood flow measurements between ultrasonography and MRI, but the EF showed a significant between-group difference. In the normal group, the variation of EF and blood flow measured by MRI was significantly smaller compared with those of ultrasonography.

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Comparison of Abdominal Computed Tomographic Enhancement and Organ Lesion Depiction Between Weight-Based Scanner Software Contrast Dosing and a Fixed-Dose Protocol in a Tertiary Care Oncologic Center

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the quality of enhancement and solid-organ lesion depiction using weight-based intravenous (IV) contrast dosing calculated by injector software versus fixed IV contrast dose in oncologic abdominal computed tomographic (CT) examinations. Methods This institutional review board–exempt retrospective cohort study included 134 patients who underwent single-phase abdominal CT before and after implementation of weight-based IV contrast injector software. Patient weight, height, body mass index, and body surface area were determined. Two radiologists qualitatively assessed examinations (4 indicating markedly superior to −4 indicating markedly inferior), and Hounsfield unit measurements were performed. Results Enhancement (estimated mean, −0.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.19 to 0.09; P = 0.46) and lesion depiction (estimated mean, −0.01; 95% CI, −0.10 to 0.07; P = 0.79) scores did not differ between CT examinations using weight-based IV contrast versus fixed IV contrast dosing when a minimum of 38.5 g of iodine was used. However, the scores using weight-based IV contrast dosing were lower when the injector software calculated and delivered less than 38.5 g of iodine (estimated mean, −0.81; 95% CI, −1.06 to −0.56; P

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Use of Postpartum Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Diagnosis and Classification of Retained Placenta Tissue

Objective To study the potential application of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for classification of retained placental tissue (RPT) in the uterus postnatally. Methods Twenty-two patients with clinically or pathologically proven RPT were studied. Results The thickness ratio (D1/D2) of invaded (D1) to normal (D2) myometrium could be categorized into 3 groups (>0.6, 0.1–0.6, and

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Computerized Image Analysis to Differentiate Benign and Malignant Breast Tumors on Magnetic Resonance Diffusion Weighted Image: A Preliminary Study

Purpose This work aims to determine the feasibility of using a computer-aided diagnosis system to differentiate benign and malignant breast tumors on magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted image (DWI). Materials and Methods Institutional review board approval was obtained. This retrospective study included 76 patients who underwent breast magnetic resonance imaging before neoadjuvant chemotherapy from March 10, 2017, to October 12, 2017, with a total of 80 breast tumors including 40 cases of breast cancers and 40 cases of benign breast tumors. The textural features of DWI images were analyzed. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was calculated to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of texture parameters. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the efficiency of texture parameters for distinguishing the 2 types of breast tumors. Results Computer vision algorithms were applied to extract 67 imaging features from lesions indicated by a breast radiologist on DWI images. A total of 19 texture feature parameters, such as variance, standard deviation, intensity, and entropy, out of 67 texture parameters were statistically significant in the 2 sets of data (P

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Evaluating the Prognosis of Ischemic Stroke Using Low-Dose Multimodal Computed Tomography Parameters in Hyperacute Phase

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential value of low-dose multimodal computed tomography (CT) in predicting prognosis of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) within 6 hours. Methods The admission "one-stop-shop" multimodal CT examination, including noncontrast CT (NCCT), low-dose CT perfusion, and CT angiography (CTA), was performed in patients with symptoms of stroke within 6 hours. Noncontrast CT, CTA source image (CTA-SI), cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), time to peak (TTP), and mean transit time (MTT) maps were studied using Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS). The regional leptomeningeal collateral (rLMC) score (0–20) was dichotomized into 2 groups: good (11–20) and poor (0–10) rLMC. Poor functional outcomes were defined by a modified Rankin scale score of 3 to 6. Results One hundred forty-four patients were ultimately selected; 43.8% of them showed poor functional outcomes. They had lower ASPECTSs on NCCT, CTA-SI, CBV, CBF, TTP, and MTT, and poor rLMC was more frequently associated with poor functional outcomes (all P

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Prevalence and Natural History of Coronary Ostial Aneurysms in Marfan Patients

Objective The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and natural history of coronary ostial aneurysms in Marfan patients with aortic root replacement. Methods Thirty-one Marfan patients (mean age, 33.7 ± 11.8 years) who underwent aortic root replacement and postoperative electrocardiogram-gated computed tomographic (CT) angiograms between January 2007 and December 2015 were retrospectively identified. A subset of 15 patients underwent follow-up CT angiograms. Computed tomographic angiograms were postprocessed on 3-dimensional software to measure maximal coronary ostial diameter. Coronary ostial aneurysm was defined as diameter of greater than 10 mm. Results Right coronary ostial aneurysms were present in 45.2% (14/31) of patients, and left main coronary ostial aneurysms were present in 51.6% (16/31) of patients. Mean ostial diameter was 10.1 ± 1.9 mm for the right coronary artery and 10.0 ± 1.8 mm for the left coronary artery. In a subset of patients with follow-up CT angiograms, there was no significant change in coronary ostial diameter on follow-up examinations (P > 0.05). Conclusions Coronary ostial aneurysms were common in Marfan patients after aortic root replacement. These findings remain stable over time and may have little clinical consequence.

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Comparison of Navigator Triggering Reduced Field of View and Large Field of View Diffusion-Weighted Imaging of the Pancreas

Rationale and Objectives The purpose of this study is to compare image quality, presence and grade of artifacts, signal-to-noise ratio, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in pancreatic tissue between high-resolution navigator-triggered (NT) restricted field of view (rFOV) FOCUS single-shot (SS) echo-planar imaging (EPI) diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and NT large FOV SS-EPI DWI. Materials and Methods Magnetic resonance imaging examinations were performed with GE 3-T systems using a 32-channel body array coil. Seventeen consecutive patients were imaged. A 5-point scale semiquantitative grading system was used to evaluate image quality and general artifacts. Signal-to-noise ratio and ADC were measured in the head, body, and tail of the pancreas. Statistical analysis was performed using Student t test and Wilcoxon signed rank test, with differences considered significant for P value less than 0.05. Results More artifacts were present on large FOV compared with rFOV FOCUS SS-EPI DW images (P

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Contrast-enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Pelvic Bone Metastases at 3.0 T: Comparison Between 3-dimensional T1-weighted CAIPIRINHA-VIBE Sequence and 2-dimensional T1-weighted Turbo Spin-Echo Sequence

Objective This study aimed to compare 3-dimensional T1-weighted gradient-echo sequence (CAIPIRINHA–volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination [VIBE]) with 2-dimensional T1-weighted turbo spin-echo sequence for contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of pelvic bone metastases at 3.0 T. Methods Thirty-one contrast-enhanced MRIs of pelvic bone metastases were included. Two contrast-enhanced sequences were evaluated for the following parameters: overall image quality, sharpness of pelvic bone, iliac vessel clarity, artifact severity, and conspicuity and edge sharpness of the smallest metastases. Quantitative analysis was performed by calculating signal-to-noise ratio and contrast-to-noise ratio of the smallest metastases. Significant differences between the 2 sequences were assessed. Results CAIPIRINHA-VIBE had higher scores for overall image quality, pelvic bone sharpness, iliac vessel clarity, and edge sharpness of the metastatic lesions, and had less artifacts (all P 0.05). Conclusions Our results suggest that CAIPIRINHA-VIBE may be superior to turbo spin-echo for contrast-enhanced MRI of pelvic bone metastases at 3.0 T.

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Predictive Features for Anterior Mediastinal Mass Diagnoses

Objective We set out to evaluate a set of demographic and computed tomography imaging features for diagnosing anterior mediastinal masses. Methods We identified 223 patients with anterior mediastinal masses, which we divided into training and validation sets. One radiologist evaluated computed tomography imaging features on the training set. Then, predictive features were identified, and 3 radiologists evaluated these on the validation set. A naive Bayesian classifier based on the features was compared with the radiologists' first-choice diagnosis. Results Internal mammary lymphadenopathy and mediastinal encasement were strongly associated with lymphomas. Low attenuation and midline location were strongly associated with benign lesions, and older age was associated with thymic epithelial neoplasms. The average accuracy of the 3 radiologists' diagnoses was 78%, compared with 71% for the classifier. Conclusions Nine demographic and imaging features were found to be helpful in diagnosing anterior mediastinal masses. By using these features, radiologists can suggest the diagnosis with fair accuracy.

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Magnetic Resonance Arthrographic Demonstration of Association of Superior Labrum Anterior and Posterior Lesions With Extended Anterior Labral Tears

Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate retrospectively the full extent of anterior labral tear and associated other labral tears on magnetic resonance arthrographic images in patients with anterior shoulder instability. Materials and Methods One hundred ten magnetic resonance arthrography images with anterior labral tear were retrieved from the database of the Radiology Department. Two skeletal radiologists, one with 15 years of experience and the other with 5 years of experience analyzed the images in random order. Approval for the study was granted by the Ethics Committee. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software. Results The most common localization of the labral lesions was at the anterior-inferior part of the glenoid labrum (22.7%). The anterior labral tears were commonly associate with superior labrum anterior and posterior (SLAP) lesions (45%). The most common type of SLAP lesion was type V (23.6%). Superior Labrum Anterior and Posterior type V lesion was more often detected in patients with Bankart lesion (27.7%, P = 0.043). Conclusions Isolated anterior labral tears are less than expected. In majority of the cases, a distinct tear at a different site of the labrum accompanies the anterior labral tear. Massive anterior labral tears are mostly seen together with SLAP lesions.

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Effect of Statistically Iterative Image Reconstruction on Vertebral Bone Strength Prediction Using Bone Mineral Density and Finite Element Modeling: A Preliminary Study

Statistical iterative reconstruction (SIR) using multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) is a promising alternative to standard filtered back projection (FBP), because of lower noise generation while maintaining image quality. Hence, we investigated the feasibility of SIR in predicting MDCT-based bone mineral density (BMD) and vertebral bone strength from finite element (FE) analysis. The BMD and FE-predicted bone strength derived from MDCT images reconstructed using standard FBP (FFBP) and SIR with (FSIR) and without regularization (FSIRB0) were validated against experimental failure loads (Fexp). Statistical iterative reconstruction produced the best quality images with regard to noise, signal-to-noise ratio, and contrast-to-noise ratio. Fexp significantly correlated with FFBP, FSIR, and FSIRB0. FFBP had a significant correlation with FSIRB0 and FSIR. The BMD derived from FBP, SIRB0, and SIR were significantly correlated. Effects of regularization should be further investigated with FE and BMD analysis to allow for an optimal iterative reconstruction algorithm to be implemented in an in vivo scenario.

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Whole-Body Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Oncology Setting: An Overview and Update on Recent Advances

Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging is becoming an important tool in oncology as a nonirradiating imaging technique since recent technological advances allowed the incorporation of high-quality imaging in an adequate time. Moreover, the noninjection of radioisotope/intravenous contrast, low cost compared with traditional nuclear medicine techniques, and fast acquisition times are another distinct feature. Thus, the purpose of this article is to review the whole-body magnetic resonance imaging protocol and its main applications in the oncology setting.

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Asymptomatic Endometrial Thickening of 8 mm or Greater on Postcontrast Computed Tomography in Postmenopausal Women Is a Predictor of Endometrial Cancer

Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the value of opportunistic endometrial thickness measurement on postcontrast computed tomography (CT) as a predictor of endometrial cancer in asymptomatic postmenopausal women. Methods For this Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act–compliant, institutional review board–approved retrospective study with waiver of informed consent, our institution's tumor board database was searched for postmenopausal patients, diagnosed with endometrial cancer between August 2003 and December 2016 and who had a postcontrast pelvic CT within 12 months prior to the cancer diagnosis (while they were asymptomatic)—"cancer group." Same number of age-matched patients who had postcontrast pelvic CT constituted the noncancer control group. Endometrial thickness was measured on sagittal postcontrast CT images. Results After applying exclusion criteria, 22 asymptomatic patients who were diagnosed with endometrial cancer within 1 year after the CT comprised the cancer group, and 22 age-matched patients comprised the control group. Average endometrial thickness was 18.7 ± 14.8 mm (range, 2–70 mm) in the cancer group and 3.6 ± 2.5 mm (range, 1.8–10 mm) in the control group (P

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Unknown primary (CUP) of the head and neck : No advantages of bilateral radiotherapy, the strategy of ipsilateral radiotherapy can be recommended for the adjuvant treatment

Bilateral vs ipsilateral adjuvant radiotherapy in patients with cancer of unknown primary of the head and neck: An analysis of the clinical outcome and radiation‐induced side effects

Nguyen‐Son Le  Stefan Janik MD, PhD  Helmut Simmel MD  Boban M. Erovic MD, PD, MBA

First published: 19 January 2019 https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.25637

This work was presented at the 61st Annual Meeting of the Austrian Society of Oto‐Rhino‐Laryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Vienna, Austria

Abstract

Background

The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare ipsilateral and bilateral adjuvant radiotherapy in patients with cancer of unknown primary (CUP) of the head and neck.

Methods

Overall survival, recurrence‐free survival, and radiation‐induced side effects were assessed in 76 patients with CUP who underwent ipsilateral (n = 29) or bilateral (n = 47) radiotherapy.

Results

At a median follow‐up of 41 months, the 5‐year overall survival and recurrence‐free rate were 67.9% and 71.5%, respectively. No statistically significant difference between ipsilateral and bilateral radiotherapy could be found regarding 5‐year overall survival, recurrence‐free survival, occurrence of a primary tumor, and distant metastasis. The analysis of radiation‐induced acute side effects showed a significant benefit of ipsilateral radiotherapy.

Conclusion

As the main parameters of the study regarding the outcome and radiation‐induced side effects showed no advantages of bilateral radiotherapy, the strategy of ipsilateral radiotherapy can be recommended for the adjuvant treatment of CUP patients.

Acanthosis Nigricans & Metabolic Syndrome : Metabolic syndrome refers to a clustering of metabolic risk factors including central obesity, glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, low HDL cholesterol, high triglycerides and hypertension. High prevalence of Acanthosis Nigricans (AN) in subjects with metabolic syndrome. Also there was a positive correlation between severity of Acanthosis Nigricans (AN) and Metabolic syndrome.

Acanthosis nigricans: A cutaneous marker for metabolic syndrome p. 16

Nirali Girish Shah, Swapna S Khatu, Neeta R Gokhale, Yuvraj E More, Deepak Khismatrao

DOI:10.4103/mjdrdypu.mjdrdypu_44_18  

Background: Acanthosis Nigricans (AN) is an easily identifiable dermatoses characterized by thickened, hyperpigmented plaques. Metabolic syndrome refers to a clustering of metabolic risk factors including central obesity, glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, low HDL cholesterol, high triglycerides and hypertension. AN is a skin marker associated with this syndrome. Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to determine the relationship between AN and metabolic syndrome by studying its clinico-epidemiological features and also the relation of severity of AN over neck with metabolic syndrome. Methodology: This is a case-control study. One hundred consecutive patients of AN attending dermatology OPD of a tertiary care hospital were included in this study. They were evaluated for AN and severity of AN over neck was assessed. Age and sex matched 100 controls were included in the study. Epidemiological, clinical and anthropometric characteristics (height, weight, waist circumference) were measured of all the cases and controls. Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated. Fasting Blood Sugar, High Density Lipoprotein and Serum Triglyceride levels were estimated. Result: The average age of the patients was 32.4 years and females (62%) were more than the males (38%). Neck was involved in all the patients. There was statistically significant correlation of increasing severity of AN with each component of Metabolic syndrome. On comparing between cases and controls, each component of metabolic syndrome was raised in cases as compared to the controls. 70% cases had Metabolic syndrome which was statistically significant. Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of AN in subjects with metabolic syndrome. Also there was a positive correlation between severity of AN and Metabolic syndrome.

Investigating future ecosystem services through participatory scenario building and spatial ecological–economic modelling

Abstract

Scenario analysis with integrated quantitative modelling has become a common approach to investigate possible future socio-ecological systems in sustainability research. Facing several barriers on the use of scenarios, however, a participatory scenario approach has gained wider attention in place-based environmental research communities. In this paper, we investigate future ecosystem services (i.e., food production, carbon sequestration, nutrient retention, and habitat provision) in the explorative manner in the Sado island, Japan, using a participatory scenario approach and spatial ecological–economic modelling techniques. The contributions of this paper to the existing literatures are twofold: the one is collaborative use of morphological analysis and participants' votes for more fair and transparent scenario building, and the other is a suite of spatial modelling techniques, inter alia, land-use projections using a spatial multinomial logit model, for more robust and accurate simulations. Taking such innovative approaches and constructing the ecosystem service index reflecting local perceptions, we built distinctive six scenarios and projected future ecosystem services. As consequences, we could (1) illuminate the trade-offs between land-based ecosystem services, (2) highlight the importance of adequate mosaic structures in providing bundle of ecosystem services, and (3) visualize the spatially heterogenous impacts of alternative scenarios that imply one scenario does not fit all areas. We also discussed the interpretation of a sink service from sustainability perspectives and lessons learned from the parallel approach of participatory scenario building and quantitative modelling exercises.

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Future land use management effects on ecosystem services under different scenarios in the Wabe River catchment of Gurage Mountain chain landscape, Ethiopia

Abstract

In this study, we have modeled and examined future land use management effects on ecosystem services in the Wabe River catchment of the Gurage Mountain chain landscape, Ethiopia. In addition to the climate-resilient scenario designed to meet the strategic plan of Ethiopia, the business as usual (BAU) and an alternative agroforestry scenario were modeled for the year 2030 to align with the government long-term development plan. Through the statistical and biophysical modeling approach, this study quantified and mapped the food production, water provision, carbon storage, and sequestration and sediment retention ecosystem services. The land use land cover and the other datasets were obtained from various primary and secondary sources, and prepared according to the models requirement. The future scenarios were modeled through the Land Change Modeler for ArcGIS and InVEST Scenario Generator models. The simulated BAU scenario result revealed that all of the ecosystem services decreased from the baseline status. In contrast, implementation of the climate-resilient strategy could enhance the existing status of ecosystem services. In the agroforestry scenario, all of the quantified ecosystem services increased even more than the climate-resilient scenario. We conclude that landscape management activities described in the climate-resilient strategy could ensure sustainable production while conserving the environment. However, we recommend the enset-based agroforestry system expansion, which could boost food production and enhance other ecological services in the catchment. Further studies are suggested on the expansion of this system in the catchment and similar parts of Ethiopia.

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Spatially explicit residential and working population assumptions for projecting and assessing natural capital and ecosystem services in Japan

Abstract

In scenario studies of biodiversity and ecosystem services, the population distribution is one of the key driving forces. In this study, we developed a coupling method for narrative scenarios and spatially explicit residential and working population designs for all of Japan as a common dataset for ecosystem scenario analysis implemented by 5-year project entitled "Predicting and Assessing Natural Capital and Ecosystem Services (PANCES)". Four narrative scenarios were proposed by the PANCES project using two axes as major uncertainties: the population distribution and the capital preference. The residential population and the working population in primary industries were calculated using a gravity-based allocation algorithm in a manner consistent with the storylines of the PANCES scenarios. Using the population distribution assumption by scenario, the population was overlaid with the natural capital and the supply potential of ecosystem services. The results supported to understand the gaps between natural capital and maintainability, and the potential of ecosystem services and realizability. The spatially explicit population distribution data products are expected to help design the nature conservation strategy and governance option in terms of both social system and ecological system.

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Co-design of national-scale future scenarios in Japan to predict and assess natural capital and ecosystem services

Abstract

Although the Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services has revealed that the development of scenarios is crucial for helping decision makers identify the potential impact of different policy options, there is a lack of reported scenario approach studies in Asia. A new 5-year research project (PANCES) has been developed for predicting and assessing the natural capital and ecosystem services in Japan using an integrated social–ecological system approach via the participation of 15 research institutions and more than 100 researchers. PANCES conducts the development of national-scale future scenarios for exploring potential changes in natural capital and ecosystem services, as well as human well-being, up to 2050 using key direct and indirect drivers including climate change, depopulation, and super-aging, as well as globalization and technological innovation. The Delphi method is employed to generate key drivers that determine different future pathways. Based on the two drivers for scenario axes identified by the Delphi survey and extensive discussion with project members and policy makers, four future scenarios are created, "Natural capital-based compact society", "Natural capital-based dispersed society", "Produced capital-based compact society", and "Produced capital-based dispersed society", respectively, in addition to the business-as-usual scenario. This study describes a novel approach for collectively designing national-scale future scenarios with qualitative storylines and a visual illustration of the developed scenarios in Japan.

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Future inclusive wealth and human well-being in regional Japan: projections of sustainability indices based on shared socioeconomic pathways

Abstract

This paper evaluates whether future societal trajectories for Japan will occur along sustainable pathways. This work first provides future scenarios for different regions in Japan based on shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs). Then, we project the inclusive wealth index (IWI) under different future scenarios for 2015–2100. We find that future Japan retains sustainability under all SSPs in 2100 through a comparison with the level of wealth in 2010. However, the trends of IWI per capita are U-shaped, and different regions in Japan will face difficulties caused by unsustainability in the early stages. We also investigate subjective well-being in these projections. Surprisingly, we observe an increase in the well-being index under all SSPs except for SSP5, which focused on promoting economic growth and not on conserving biodiversity. This study provides a framework for evaluating the sustainability of regions, and many indicators are captured in a single index.

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Valuing natural capital and ecosystem services: a literature review

Abstract

Literatures on sustainability have developed dramatically over recent decades. These literatures have not only added an enormous number of dimensions, but also have challenged researchers to be able to conduct a comprehensive analysis of sustainability. The excessive use of natural capital (NC) might cause a decrease in sustainability. Depleting a type of NC and substituting it with another form of NC or with produced capital is not sustainable in the strong sense. In this review, we have focused on the importance of NC and ecosystem preservations for sustainable development. We value the NC of 140 nations by adopting the inclusive wealth approach. We also notice the impact of climate change and natural disaster on different geographic regions in the assessment of NC.

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Machine learning methods for estimation the indicators of phosphogypsum influence in soil

Abstract

Purpose

The full understanding of the effect of mineral waste-based fertilizer in soil is still unrelieved, because of the extreme complex chemical composition and plethora of their action pathways. The purposes of this paper is to quantify the input of PG into the soil ecosystem process, considering the direct effects of PG as a whole on soil environment using of a plethora of chemical, toxicological, and biological tests.

Materials and methods

Greenhouse experiment includes different PG doses (0, 1%, 3%, 7.5%, 15%, 25%, and 40%) and two-time collection points after treatments—7 and 28 days. For each treatment and each time collection point, we measure (i) soil pH, bioavailable (H₂0 and NH₄COOH-extractable) element content (S, P, K, Na, Mg, Ca, Fe, Zn, Sr, Ba, F); (ii) soil enzyme activities—dehydrogenase, urease, acid phosphatase, FDA; (iii) soil CO₂ respiration activity with and without glucose addition; (iv) Eisenia fetida, Sinapis alba, and Avena sativa responses. Finally, we combine the ordinary chemical, toxicology, and biological measuring of soil properties with state-of-the-art mathematical analysis, namely (i) support vector machines (used for prediction), (ii) mutual information test (variable importance tasks), (iii) t-SNE and LLE algorithms (used for unsupervised classification).

Results and discussion

The results show similarity between the 0%, 1%, and 3% PG treatments in all collection times based on the toxicological and biological properties. Beyond 7.5% PG, some biological test was significantly inhibited in response to trace element stress. Among all tested parameters, soil urease activities, soil respiration activities after glucose addition, S. alba root lengths, and E. fetida survival rates show sensitivity to PG addition. Furthermore, the machine learning algorithms revealed that only several elements (mobile and water-soluble forms of Ca, Ba, Sr, S, and Na; water-soluble F) could be responsible to elevated soil toxicity for those indicators. SVR models were able to predict soil biological and ecotoxicity properties, and increasing numbers of randomly selected training examples from 50 to 90% of initial experimental data significantly improved model performance.

Conclusions

At this study, we demonstrate benefits of unsupervised machine learning methods for investigating toxicity of man-made substances in soil that can be further applied to risk assessments of various toxins, which are of significant interest to environmental protection.

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Field experiment on the effects of sepiolite and biochar on the remediation of Cd- and Pb-polluted farmlands around a Pb–Zn mine in Yunnan Province, China

Abstract

The effects of sepiolite and biochar on the contents of available nutrients (N, P, and K); the chemical forms and available contents of Cd and Pb in soils; the biomass and growth of maize; and the contents of nutrients, Cd, and Pb in maize were studied in situ in Cd- and Pb-polluted farmlands around the Lanping Pb–Zn mine in Yunnan Province, China. Results demonstrated that sepiolite did not influence the contents of available nutrients in soils, although it significantly increased the pH value and decreased available Cd (CaCl₂-extractable and exchangeable) contents and exchangeable and reducible Pb. Moreover, sepiolite increased the biomass in the aboveground part of maize, resulting in the reduction of Cd contents in maize plants and grains by 25.6–47.5%. Meanwhile, the biochar increased the contents of available nutrients in soils and decreased the contents of exchangeable Pb in soils and biomass in the aboveground part of maize plants and grains; decreased the Cd contents in maize stems and grains by 26.7% and 24.6%, respectively; and decreased the Pb content in roots by 16.2%. However, neither sepiolite nor biochar had considerable influence on the Pb content in maize grains. According to a correlation analysis, soil pH has extremely significant negative correlations with available Cd content in soils, which in turn have extremely significant positive correlation with the Cd content in maize plants and grains. These results revealed that sepiolite increases soil pH and decreases Cd bioavailability in farmland soils around the Pb–Zn mine. Furthermore, biochar increases the contents of available nutrients in farmland soils and the maize yield. Sepiolite and biochar both decrease the contents and transfer coefficients of Cd in maize plants and grains and are, thus, applicable to the immobilization remediation of Cd-polluted farmlands.

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[ASAP] Misfolding of a Human Islet Amyloid Polypeptide at the Lipid Membrane Populates through ß-Sheet Conformers without Involving a-Helical Intermediates

Journal of the American Chemical Society

DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b08537

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Two distinct colonic CD14+ subsets characterized by single-cell RNA profiling in Crohn’s disease

Two distinct colonic CD14⁺ subsets characterized by single-cell RNA profiling in Crohn's disease

Two distinct colonic CD14⁺ subsets characterized by single-cell RNA profiling in Crohn's disease, Published online: 22 January 2019; doi:10.1038/s41385-018-0126-0

Two distinct colonic CD14⁺ subsets characterized by single-cell RNA profiling in Crohn's disease

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Vaccine-induced antibodies target sequestered viral antigens to prevent ocular HSV-1 pathogenesis, preserve vision, and preempt productive neuronal infection

Vaccine-induced antibodies target sequestered viral antigens to prevent ocular HSV-1 pathogenesis, preserve vision, and preempt productive neuronal infection

Vaccine-induced antibodies target sequestered viral antigens to prevent ocular HSV-1 pathogenesis, preserve vision, and preempt productive neuronal infection, Published online: 22 January 2019; doi:10.1038/s41385-019-0131-y

Vaccine-induced antibodies target sequestered viral antigens to prevent ocular HSV-1 pathogenesis, preserve vision, and preempt productive neuronal infection

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Real-World Adequacy of Glycaemic Control in Treatment-Naïve Greek Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Initiating Treatment with Metformin Monotherapy at the Maximum Tolerated Dose: The Reload Study

Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes
DOI: 10.1055/a-0824-6607

Background Metformin, in the absence of contraindications or intolerance, is recommended as first-line treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This observational, retrospective study assessed the real-world adequacy of glycaemic control in Greek patients with T2DM initiating metformin monotherapy at maximum tolerated dose. Methods Included patients received metformin monotherapy for ≥24 months; relevant patient data were collected immediately prior to metformin initiation (baseline) and at other prespecified time points. The primary objective was to report, after 9 months of metformin treatment, the percentage of patients with baseline glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels ≥6.5% (≥48 mmol/mol) achieving HbA1c<6.5%. Secondary objectives included the assessment of time spent with poor glycaemic control and time to treatment intensification. A sensitivity analysis assessed the percentage of patients with baseline HbA1c≥7% (≥53 mmol/mol) achieving HbA1c<7% (<53 mmol/mol). Results Of the enrolled patients (N=316), 247 had baseline HbA1c ≥6.5%; following 9 months on metformin, 90 (36.4%) patients achieved HbA1c<6.5% (mean HbA1c change−1.3% [−14 mmol/mol]). Median time of exposure to HbA1c ≥6.5% was 23.4 months and time to treatment intensification was 28.0 months. The sensitivity analysis revealed that the proportion of patients achieving HbA1c<7.0% was 50% (mean HbA1c change −1.6% [−17 mmol/mol]). Conclusion Irrespective of HbA1c target assessed, most patients with T2DM do not achieve the recommended HbA1c goals after 9 months on metformin while remained on monotherapy for up to 24 months. Addressing clinical inertia could improve disease outcomes and, possibly, economic burden.
[...]

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text

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Role of Vasopressin Receptor 2 and 3 in ACTH-Secreting Tumors and their Potential Therapeutic Implications

Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes
DOI: 10.1055/a-0808-4227

Purpose We investigated the expression of vasopressin receptor 2 and 3 on corticotrophin tumor cells, their role in regulating ACTH secretion, and their potential therapeutic implications. Methods We retrospectively assessed 52 hospitalized patients with pathologically confirmed ACTH-secreting tumors. The expression of vasopressin receptor 2 and 3 was explored via qualitative and quantitative immunohistochemistry analyses. The role of vasopressin receptors in regulating ACTH secretion was further studied in the AtT-20 cell line. Results Among 50 cases of pituitary corticotrophin adenoma, 31 were vasopressin receptor 2 positive, 38 were vasopressin receptor 3 positive, and 24 were both vasopressin receptor 2 and 3 positive. Two patients with ectopic ACTH syndrome were vasopressin receptor 3 positive, and one was also vasopressin receptor 2 positive. In 12 patients who underwent bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling before surgery, the central ACTH increment ratio after desmopressin stimulation was correlated with vasopressin receptor 2 but not with vasopressin receptor 3 staining intensity. In an in vitro study, the expression of both vasopressin receptor 2 and 3 on AtT-20 cells was confirmed. The vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist Tolvaptan inhibited desmopressin-induced ACTH secretion in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions Both vasopressin receptor 2 and 3 are expressed in ACTH-secreting tumors. Vasopressin receptor 2 rather than vasopressin receptor 3 is the primary receptor that seems to mediate the ACTH response in corticotrophin tumors. A vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist can inhibit ACTH secretion induced by desmopressin in AtT-20 cells.
[...]

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text

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Ants build superhighways without bosses or blueprints

Ants build superhighways without bosses or blueprints

Ants build superhighways without bosses or blueprints, Published online: 23 January 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-00227-5

Hard-working insects achieve engineering marvels despite lack of cooperation.

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Ants build superhighways without bosses or blueprints

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Convergence analysis of China’s energy intensity at the industrial sector level

Abstract

China's industrial energy consumption accounted for approximately 70% of national energy demand in the past four decades. Regarding energy demand and environmental pollution, success in controlling energy demand and reducing energy intensity for industrial sectors in China would play a crucial role for the country's sustainable growth problems. To formulate targeted energy plans, the features and characters of China's industrial energy intensity should be carefully evaluated. In this study, a carefully designed econometric model that considers different technological factors including indigenous R&D and technology spillovers from foreign direct investment and trade under a united framework is applied to investigate the β-convergence characteristics for China's industrial energy intensity by employing a panel dataset covering China's 34 industrial sectors over 2000–2010. The results verify the existence of β-convergence in industrial energy intensity during the sample period. For the industrial sectors overall and the light industrial sectors, the empirical results indicate that indigenous R&D and technology spillovers from FDI and imports are beneficial in curbing energy intensity. However, technology spillover through exports makes it harder to reduce energy intensity. In addition, not all technological factors have played a significant role in reducing energy intensity for the heavy industrial sectors.

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High-Phytolith Plants Cause More Enamel Abrasion

Tooth enamel is abraded more rapidly when plants with a higher phytolith content such as grass are consumed rather than those with a low phytolith content such as alfalfa. Phytoliths are microscopic mineral inclusions made of silica dioxide that are present in many plants. Although phytoliths are softer than enamel, scientists have been uncertain whether tooth abrasion is mainly caused by phytoliths within the plants or mineral particles and sand adhering to the surface of the plants. T...

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Orthodontic Treatment Does Not Prevent Tooth Decay

"The study found that people who had orthodontic treatment did not have better dental health later in life," said Esma J. Dogramaci, MSc, BDS, PhD, senior lecturer in orthodontics at the school. "Patients often complain about their crooked teeth and want braces to make their teeth straight so they can avoid problems like decay in the future." The study followed people from the age of 13 until they were 30, recording their dental health behavior and the number of decayed, missing, or filled...

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Promoting HIV self-testing via text message to truck drivers in Kenya

Accessing HIV testing can be a challenge for truckers due to their mobility and long working hours, as well as concerns about confidentiality and stigma. CUNY SPH researchers Dr. Elizabeth Kelvin, Associate Professor of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and DPH candidate Matthew Romo are exploring HIV self-testing as a way to increase testing rates in this high-risk population. The researchers led a randomized controlled trial that assessed whether alerting truckers via text message about th...

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Aurora Class 4 Therapy Laser

• Respond Systems' Class 4 laser system comes equipped with 3 custom designed probes to ensure the most effective laser light delivery for each wavelength, power and condition. • With the largest lens area for delivery of 5W of continuous power in contact mode, the Aurora covers the treatment area in less time and without the need for complicated treatment size calculations. • Like all of the Respond laser systems, the Super-Pulse is a true super pulse diode enabling this Class 4 pr...

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Robocath’s R-One Robot Acquired by Medical Training and Testing Center

The R-One robot at the MTC will enable the training of future potential users and ensure optimal use by healthcare practitioners ahead of the upcoming commercial launch of the device in Europe and the Middle East. "The medical teams from the Rouen University Hospital Center were closely involved in the design of the R-One robot, due to the proximity of Robocath's headquarters. This collaborative work within the 'Rouen Innovation Santé' working group shows that local collaborations can resu...

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3D-Printed Implant Promotes Nerve Cell Growth to Treat Spinal Injury

The implants, described in a study published in the January 14 issue of Nature Medicine, are intended to promote nerve growth across spinal cord injuries, restoring connections and lost function. In rat models, the scaffolds supported tissue regrowth, stem cell survival and expansion of neural stem cell axons out of the scaffolding and into the host spinal cord. "In recent years and papers, we've progressively moved closer to the goal of abundant, long-distance regeneration of injured axon...

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Southern Veterinary Partners creates new award to help students with debt

A new award has been set up to help students deal with debt and create employment opportunities for the future. Southern Veterinary Partners (SVP) has launched its Tuition Assistance Awards to mitigate financial struggles for emerging professionals and pave a path for selected students to work with SVP following graduation. "We hope by removing the stress of veterinary school debt, SVP will allow them to completely focus on their patients, clients, and enjoy life outside of work," said ...

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Merck Animal Health and Alopexx develop pneumonia vaccine for foals

Two companies have come together to develop a vaccine for infections in young horses. Alopexx Vaccine and Merck Animal Health have entered into an exclusive global license agreement to create and commercialize its poly-N-acetyl glucosamine (PNAG) vaccine. The treatment is for Rhodococcus equi (R. equi) pneumonia in foals and other infections. "Published data describing the activity of this vaccine in foals indicates it has the potential to prevent a broad range of bacterial, fungal, and...

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Daily briefing: How to deal with not getting tenure

Daily briefing: How to deal with not getting tenure

Daily briefing: How to deal with not getting tenure, Published online: 22 January 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-00248-0

"The best revenge is doing well." Plus: fast, cheap, easy DNA testing in police stations and #ScienceShutdown stories.

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What bioRxiv’s first 30,000 preprints reveal about biologists

What bioRxiv's first 30,000 preprints reveal about biologists

What bioRxiv's first 30,000 preprints reveal about biologists, Published online: 22 January 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-00199-6

More than 1 million studies are now downloaded from the site every month, mostly in neuroscience, bioinformatics and genomics.

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Publisher Correction: Magnetic and magnetic inverse spin Hall effects in a non-collinear antiferromagnet

Publisher Correction: Magnetic and magnetic inverse spin Hall effects in a non-collinear antiferromagnet

Publisher Correction: Magnetic and magnetic inverse spin Hall effects in a non-collinear antiferromagnet, Published online: 22 January 2019; doi:10.1038/s41586-019-0907-y

Publisher Correction: Magnetic and magnetic inverse spin Hall effects in a non-collinear antiferromagnet

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Publisher Correction: Somatic APP gene recombination in Alzheimer’s disease and normal neurons

Publisher Correction: Somatic APP gene recombination in Alzheimer's disease and normal neurons

Publisher Correction: Somatic <i>APP</i> gene recombination in Alzheimer's disease and normal neurons, Published online: 22 January 2019; doi:10.1038/s41586-019-0905-0

Publisher Correction: Somatic APP gene recombination in Alzheimer's disease and normal neurons

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Author Correction: Direct observation of incommensurate magnetism in Hubbard chains

Author Correction: Direct observation of incommensurate magnetism in Hubbard chains

Author Correction: Direct observation of incommensurate magnetism in Hubbard chains, Published online: 22 January 2019; doi:10.1038/s41586-019-0906-z

Author Correction: Direct observation of incommensurate magnetism in Hubbard chains

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Thousands turn out to support science in Italy’s stricken olive region

Thousands turn out to support science in Italy's stricken olive region

Thousands turn out to support science in Italy's stricken olive region, Published online: 22 January 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-00224-8

Anti-science sentiment has hampered efforts to contain the spread of a devastating olive-tree disease.

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India’s LIGO gravitational-wave observatory gets green light

India's LIGO gravitational-wave observatory gets green light

India's LIGO gravitational-wave observatory gets green light, Published online: 22 January 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-00184-z

The US$177-million observatory will join a global network or sensors and should improve sensitivity.

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CRISPR-baby scientist fired by university

CRISPR-baby scientist fired by university

CRISPR-baby scientist fired by university, Published online: 22 January 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-00246-2

Investigation by Chinese authorities finds He Jiankui broke national regulations in his controversial work on gene-edited babies.

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Contributions of innate lymphocytes to allergic responses

Purpose of review Allergic diseases represent a growing global health concern, especially among pediatric populations. Current strategies for the treatment of allergies and asthma focus on limiting the severity of the symptoms; however, additional research investigating the mechanisms promoting inflammation in the context of allergic reactions may lead to the development of more effective therapeutic strategies. Recent findings Novel studies have highlighted the contributions of innate lymphocytes to the induction of inflammatory responses to allergens. Remarkably, neuron-derived signals, hormones, and even vitamins have been suggested to modulate the activity of innate lymphocytes, opening new windows of opportunity for the treatment of allergic inflammation. Summary These studies highlight the complex interactions of the nervous, endocrine, and immune system that promote pathology in the context of allergic inflammation. Further studies are required to understand these interactions in order to aid in the development of novel and much-needed therapies to treat allergic conditions. Correspondence to Mark C. Siracusa, Department of Medicine Cancer Center, G1226 Rutgers New Jersey Medical School 205 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA. Tel: +1-973-972-1265; fax: +1-973-972-2525; e-mail: mark.siracusa@rutgers.edu Copyright © 2019 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Advances in the pathogenesis representing definite outcomes in chronic urticaria

Purpose of review We reviewed in this article, the recent advances in CSU physiopathology and potential clinical and laboratory biomarkers in CSU. Recent findings In addition to the central role of mast cells in urticaria physiopathology, increased interest in basophils has arisen. Recent data corroborate the autoimmunity pathway as one of the main pathways in mast cell activation. The association of inflammatory cytokines, heat shock proteins and staphylococcal infection with CSU are also reviewed. C-reactive protein, D-dimers, autologous serum skin test, IgE levels and FcεRI expression in basophils have shown their potential as biomarkers for disease duration, activity, severity and/or response to treatment. Summary A comprehensive understanding of chronic spontaneous urticaria mechanisms is essential to find novel biomarkers and treatments. The use of these biomarkers in clinical practice will guide us in choosing the best treatment option for our patients. Correspondence to Luis Felipe Ensina, MD, PhD, Rua Barata Ribeiro, 490, São Paulo, SP 01308-000, Brazil. Tel: +55 11 3123 5777; e-mail: drluisensina@imunologiaealergia.com Copyright © 2019 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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[ASAP] Mechanistic Interplay between Light Switching and Guest Binding in Photochromic [Pd2Dithienylethene4] Coordination Cages

Journal of the American Chemical Society

DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11872

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[ASAP] Protein Hydration Waters Are Susceptible to Unfavorable Perturbations

Journal of the American Chemical Society

DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11448

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[ASAP] Thiopeptide Pyridine Synthase TbtD Catalyzes an Intermolecular Formal Aza-Diels–Alder Reaction

Journal of the American Chemical Society

DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11852

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[ASAP] Palladium-Catalyzed, Enantioselective Formal Cycloaddition between Benzyltriflamides and Allenes: Straightforward Access to Enantioenriched Isoquinolines

Journal of the American Chemical Society

DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b12636

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Myocardial Infarction With Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries Assessed by 11C-Acetate Cardiac PET

11C-acetate PET can quantify myocardial blood flow and oxidative metabolism (kmono) with a single imaging study. We present a 63-year-old man with myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries due to vasospasm, who underwent 11C-acetate PET after antispastic medication. By quantifying myocardial blood flow and kmono, 11C-acetate PET could detect the initial ischemic insult by vasospasm and sufficient amount of remaining viable myocardium, while excluding significant inducible ischemia. We suggest that 11C-acetate PET can be a clinically valuable tool for assessing the pathophysiology of myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries. Received for publication October 18, 2019; revision accepted November 7, 2019. S.-G.C. and Y.K. equally contributed to this work as the co–first authors. Conflicts of interest and sources of funding: Dr. H.-S.B. receives research fund from the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea, funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF-2016R1D1A3B01006631). None declared to all other authors. Correspondence to: Myung Ho Jeong, MD, PhD, FACC, FAHA, FESC, FSCAI, Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, 42, Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju, Republic of Korea 61469. E-mail: myungho@chollian.net; and Hee-Seung Bom, MD, PhD, FANMB, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, 322, Seoyang-ro Hwasun-eup, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea 58128. E-mail: hsbom@jnu.ac.kr. Copyright © 2019 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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The New Possibility of Lymphoscintigraphy to Guide a Clinical Treatment for Lymphedema in Patient With Breast Cancer

Objectives Lymphedema is a chronic disease that occurs frequently after breast cancer treatment. For the treatment of lymphedema, surgical approach such as vascularized lymph node transfer and super-microscopic lymphovenous anastomosis surgery is well established. Complex decongestive therapy (CDT) and sympathetic ganglion block (SGB) are two non-surgical therapeutic options. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of lymphoscintigraphy in guiding the selection of the optimal non-surgical treatment in lymphedema. Methods A total of 81 lymphedema patients who underwent lymphoscintigraphy and were treated with CDT or SGB were retrospectively evaluated. The parameters for the lymphoscintigraphic findings included the extent of dermal backflow (small extent/large extent groups), the level of lymphatic flow (trunk flow pattern/upper arm-restricted pattern/forearm-restricted pattern groups), and the visualization of lymph nodes (visualized/non-visualized groups). The change in the circumferential difference between the two sides of the body at the upper arm and forearm was used as the clinical outcome variable. Paired comparison and group comparison analysis were conducted. Results Of 81 patients, 41 received CDT and 40 received SGB. There were no significant differences in demographic data between the CDT and SGB groups. Both CDT and SGB had a significant therapeutic effect. Upper arm edema was more significantly reduced after SGB than after CDT in the small extent group (P = 0.004), the forearm-restricted pattern group (P = 0.002), and the non-visualized group (P = 0.018). In the other groups, SGB and CDT showed comparable therapeutic effects without statistical differences. Conclusion SGB was found to have a better therapeutic effect in the lymphedema patients with specific lymphoscintigraphic findings compared with CDT. Lymphoscintigraphy may be helpful in selecting the appropriate approach to lymphedema treatment. Further well-designed prospective studies are warranted to validate the findings of this study. Received for publication April 16, 2019; revision accepted November 19, 2019. M.S. contributed this paper evenly as co-first authors. Conflicts of interest and sources of funding: This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. 2018R1A2B6001296). None declared to all authors. Correspondence to: Gwang Pyo Jung, MD, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehangno, Jongro-gu, Seoul 110-744, South Korea. E-mail: dext2000@gmail.com. Copyright © 2019 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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18F-FDG-Labeled Autologous Leukocyte PET-CT in a Patient With Aortic Valve-Tube Graft Infection After Bentall Procedure

Infection of aortic valve-tube graft, although rare, is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Early identification of site and extent of infection is not only challenging but also crucial for adequate patient management and prognostication of disease. Combined clinical, laboratory investigation and imaging modalities assist in the identification of aortic valve graft infection. Molecular imaging techniques like PET/CT using 18F-FDG and 18F-FDG-labeled autologous leukocytes (LALs) have improved the sensitivity for detection of infection, resulting in better outcome for these patients. 18F-FDG-labeled autologous leukocyte PET/CT in our patient after Bentall procedure accurately localized the site and extent of infection. Received for publication October 8, 2019; revision accepted November 23, 2019. Conflicts of interest and sources of funding: none declared. Correspondence to: Anish Bhattacharya, DNB, PhD, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India. E-mail: anishpgi@yahoo.co.in. Copyright © 2019 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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68Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT Detects Multifocal Hepatocellular Carcinoma

68Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT confirmed somatostatin receptor (SR) expression in hypervascularized liver lesions suggestive of neuroendocrine tumor that was later diagnosed as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Being highly vascularized on CT, HCC lesions may mimic neuroendocrine tumors. Although HCC is not included among current indications for SR-PET/CT imaging, it may represent a pitfall in image interpretation when studying neuroendocrine tumor patients. Further studies are needed to better ascertain the potential diagnostic role of SR-imaging in HCC. Received for publication August 20, 2019; revision accepted November 2, 2019. Conflicts of interest and sources of funding: none declared. Correspondence to: Elena Tabacchi, MD, Nuclear Medicine, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, University of Bologna, Pad. 30, Via Massarenti, 940128 Bologna, Italy. E-mail: tabacchielena@libero.it. Copyright © 2019 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Parapharyngeal Ganglioneuroma Detected by 18F-FDG PET/CT in a Patient With Hodgkin Lymphoma

A 38-year-old woman with anterior mediastinal Hodgkin lymphoma underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT, revealing abnormal uptake at the left retrostyloid parapharyngeal space. After chemotherapy, follow-up PET/CT showed regression of previously avid lesions but not the left retropharyngeal mass. Subsequent MRI revealed findings suggestive of neurogenic tumor. Transoral biopsy revealed ganglioneuroma, which is uncommon in the parapharyngeal space, although usually of benign nature. This case therefore highlights the importance of PET/CT in both initial diagnostic screening for tumor development and posttreatment evaluation of ambiguous lesions. Received for publication August 21, 2019; revision accepted November 26, 2019. Conflicts of interest and sources of funding: none declared. This manuscript is original and it, or any part of it, has not been previously published; nor is it under consideration for publication elsewhere. Authors' contributions: Y.-H.L. had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. Concept and design: W.-L.Y., Y.-H.L. Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: W.-L.Y., T.-P.C., N.-T.C., C.-S.L., Y.-H.L. Drafting the manuscript: Y.-H.L., W.-L.Y., T.-P.C. Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: W.-L.Y., T.-P.C., N.-T.C., C.-S.L., Y.-H.L. Final approval: W.-L.Y., T.-P.C., N.-T.C., C.-S.L., Y.-H.L. Correspondence to: Yu-Hsuan Lin, MD, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, No 386, Ta-Chung 1st Road, Kaohsiung City 813, Taiwan, Republic of China. E-mail: mdlinyh@gmail.com. Copyright © 2019 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Focal 123I-MIBG Uptake in the Medial Segment of the Normal Liver

An 84-year-old man with parkinsonism was referred for 123I-MIBG scintigraphy. Abnormal uptake in the right upper abdomen was incidentally seen in planar image, and SPECT revealed focal uptake in the medial segment (S4) of the liver. Subsequent triple-phase contrast-enhanced CT showed no evidence of hepatic tumors, although in the arterial phase, there were an enhanced region corresponding to the uptake area and the enhanced vein of Sappey that flowed into S4. In this case, the focal 123I-MIBG uptake would be attributable to hemodynamic change in the liver. Received for publication October 29, 2019; revision accepted November 26, 2019. Conflicts of interest and sources of funding: none declared. Correspondence to: Tadaki Nakahara, MD, PhD, Department of Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan. E-mail: nakahara@rad.med.keio.ac.jp. Copyright © 2019 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Gummatous Syphilis Mimicking Malignant Bone Tumor on FDG PET/CT

A 47-year-old woman suffered worsening pain in the waist and numbness in the right thigh for 1 month. MRI was performed to determine the cause, which detected an osteolytic lesion in the T12 vertebral body, suggestive of possible bone metastasis. FDG PET/CT scan was undertaken to detect the primary tumor, which only showed the same isolated lesion in the T12 without any other abnormal hypermetabolic lesion. The pathology following vertebrectomy revealed granulomatous infection. The diagnosis of osseous syphilis was eventually made following a subsequent positive Treponema pallidum serological test. Received for publication October 23, 2019; revision accepted November 27, 2019. Conflicts of interest and sources of funding: none declared. Correspondence to: Quan-shi Wang, MD, PhD, PET Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China. E-mail: wqslph@163.net. Copyright © 2019 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Spontaneous Regression of Clinically Indolent Lymphomas Revealed by 18F-FDG PET/CT

A 48-year-old man and a 55-year-old woman, who were diagnosed with follicular lymphoma and small B lymphocytic cell lymphoma, respectively, underwent initial "watch-and-wait" approach against lymphoma. The initial 18F-FDG PET/CT of both patients showed multiple FDG-avid lymph nodes in the neck, mediastinum, abdomen, and inguinal regions. During their active surveillance, the follow-up PET/CT of both patients revealed spontaneous regression of lymphoma. Received for publication November 2, 2019; revision accepted November 28, 2019. Conflicts of interest and sources of funding: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81701741). None declared to all authors. Correspondence to: Yaping Luo, MD, Wangfujing, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, People's Republic China. E-mail: luoyaping@live.com. Copyright © 2019 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Delayed Response (Partial Remission) 3 Years After Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy in a Patient Participating in the NETTER-1 Trial

Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) with radiolabeled somatostatin analogues has been shown to be highly efficacious concerning progression-free survival and response rates in patients with advanced, progressive, well-differentiated, somatostatin-receptor–positive neuroendocrine neoplasm. We report here delayed response of a midgut neuroendocrine neoplasm patient, who had stable disease after 4 cycles of PRRT and over a long period of 5 restaging admissions with excellent quality of life (full working hours), persisting for 3 years of follow-up, and presented as further partial remission according to both Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors and EORTC criteria, respectively, 36 months after the last PRRT cycle. Received for publication November 2, 2019; revision accepted November 27, 2019. Conflicts of interest and sources of funding: none declared. Correspondence to: Richard P. Baum, MD, PhD, Theranostics Center for Molecular Radiotherapy and Precision Oncology, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Robert-Koch-Allee 9, 99437 Bad Berka, Germany. E-mail: richard.baum@zentralklinik.de. Copyright © 2019 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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99mTc-HYNIC-TOC in the Evaluation of Recurrent Tumor-Induced Osteomalacia

Purpose Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is rare paraneoplastic disorder generally caused by small benign neoplasm. Somatostatin receptor imaging has emerged as imaging of the choice in the localization of the causative tumors in new patients with clinical diagnosis of TIO. An accurate localization of the causative tumor using somatostatin receptor imaging followed by successful surgical removal offers cure of the disease. In small percentage of the patients, however, there can be recurrent disease after the surgery. In this retrospective investigation, we tried to assess whether somatostatin receptor imaging using 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC (99mTc-hydrazinonicotinyl-Tyr3-octreotide) is also useful in patients with recurrent TIO after initial successful surgery. Methods The images of 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC images and clinical charts of total 18 patients with suspected recurrent TIO were retrospectively reviewed.The image findings were compared with the clinical chart, which include clinical follow-up and subsequent imaging and surgery. Results Among all 18 patients, 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC imaging results were negative in 5 of them. Among these 5 patients with negative imaging study, the causes of recurrent symptoms and hypophosphatemia in 3 patients were eventually found unrelated to TIO. 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC successfully identified either recurrent causative tumors in the same location (n = 10) or different causative tumor in other locations (n = 3) in 13 patients, which rendered a sensitivity of 86.7% (13 of 15). Conclusions The efficacy of 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC imaging in the evaluation of patients with potential recurrent TIO is compatible to that with new patients who never received surgical resection for the culprit tumors. It can play an important role in known TIO patients who were suspected to have recurrent disease. Received for publication October 18, 2019; revision accepted November 29, 2019. Conflicts of interest and sources of funding: This investigation was partially supported by funding from Chinese National Natural Science Foundation (#81501513) and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Initiative for Innovative Medicine (CAMS-I2M) 2017-I2M-1-001. None declared to all authors. Correspondence to: Hongli Jing, MD, PhD, Department of Nuclear Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing St, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China. E-mail: annsmile1976@sina.com. Copyright © 2019 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma Found as an Incidental Photopenic Lesion on 18F-FP-CIT PET/CT Image

18F-FP-CIT PET is a useful modality for imaging dopamine transporters. It has excellent resolution compared with 123I-beta-CIT SPECT and is widely used clinically for the evaluation of Parkinson disease. In general, the main focus of 18F-FP-CIT PET imaging is the basal ganglia, and it is important to observe whether 18F-FP-CIT uptake is normal in the putamen and caudate nuclei. However, abnormal findings may be seen in other brain regions besides the basal ganglia. Here, we present a case of anaplastic oligodendroglioma, a high-grade tumor, which was found as an incidental photopenic lesion on 18F-FP-CIT PET/CT. Received for publication October 27, 2019; revision accepted November 27, 2019. Conflicts of interest and sources of funding: none declared. Correspondence to: Young-Sil An, MD, PhD, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, School of Medicine, Ajou University, 206, World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Suwon 16499, South Korea. E-mail: aysays77@naver.com. Copyright © 2019 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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CRISPR-baby scientist fired by university

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India’s LIGO gravitational-wave observatory gets green light

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Author Correction: Information-based autonomous reconfiguration in systems of interacting DNA nanostructures

Author Correction: Information-based autonomous reconfiguration in systems of interacting DNA nanostructures

Author Correction: Information-based autonomous reconfiguration in systems of interacting DNA nanostructures, Published online: 22 January 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-08439-z

Author Correction: Information-based autonomous reconfiguration in systems of interacting DNA nanostructures

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Engineering of CRISPR-Cas12b for human genome editing

Engineering of CRISPR-Cas12b for human genome editing

Engineering of CRISPR-Cas12b for human genome editing, Published online: 22 January 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-018-08224-4

The Cas12b family of CRISPR nucleases has been underutilized in mammalian cells due to the high temperature requirement of known members. Here the authors engineer BhCas12b to overcome this limitation for robust and specific genome editing applications in human cells.

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Thousands turn out to support science in Italy’s stricken olive region

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What bioRxiv’s first 30,000 preprints reveal about biologists

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Publisher Correction: Magnetic and magnetic inverse spin Hall effects in a non-collinear antiferromagnet

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Author Correction: Direct observation of incommensurate magnetism in Hubbard chains

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Vaccine-induced antibodies target sequestered viral antigens to prevent ocular HSV-1 pathogenesis, preserve vision, and preempt productive neuronal infection

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Flat Ontologies, Cosmopolitanism, and Space at Carolina Forts

Abstract

English forts in the Carolina Colony embodied the ongoing struggle between the ambitions of imperial impositions and the aspirations of frontier autonomy. This tension is acutely reflected in the spatial organization of forts. Whereas colonial authorities sought to separate Europeans, Africans, and Native Americans through the formal segregation of the built environment, life on the frontier encouraged a fluidity in space and identity. The theoretical construct of flat ontologies can be used to explore how frontier forts were a catalyst for complex and emergent spatial relations that subverted hierarchical space. Archaeological data from early 18th-century forts on the Carolina frontier exemplify the connective processes of flat ontologies that blurred space and identity.

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O Arqueólogo Cordial: A Junta Nacional de Educação e o Enquadramento Institucional da Arqueologia Portuguesa durante o Estado Novo (1936–1974)

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Publisher Correction: Somatic APP gene recombination in Alzheimer’s disease and normal neurons

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[ASAP] Electrochemical CO Reduction: A Property of the Electrochemical Interface

Journal of the American Chemical Society

DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b08839

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[ASAP] Direct Transformation of Terminal Alkynes into Amidines by a Silver-Catalyzed Four-Component Reaction

Journal of the American Chemical Society

DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11039

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