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IJERPH, Vol. 14, Pages 857: Quick Estimation Model for the Concentration of Indoor Airborne Culturable Bacteria: An Application of Machine Learning
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health doi: 10.3390/ijerph14080857
Authors: Zhijian Liu Hao Li Guoqing Cao
Indoor airborne culturable bacteria are sometimes harmful to human health. Therefore, a quick estimation of their concentration is particularly necessary. However, measuring the indoor microorganism concentration (e.g., bacteria) usually requires a large amount of time, economic cost, and manpower. In this paper, we aim to provide a quick solution: using knowledge-based machine learning to provide quick estimation of the concentration of indoor airborne culturable bacteria only with the inputs of several measurable indoor environmental indicators, including: indoor particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), temperature, relative humidity, and CO2 concentration. Our results show that a general regression neural network (GRNN) model can sufficiently provide a quick and decent estimation based on the model training and testing using an experimental database with 249 data groups.
Nucleoside bypass therapy: an experimental treatment designed to restore the normal number of deoxynucleotides (dNTPs) in the mitochondria of cells in patients with certain forms of mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome. dNTPs are components of DNA. While most of a cell's DNA is found within the nucleus, the mitochondria (structures within cells that are important for converting food into an energy form that cells can use) contain a small amount of DNA. In this type of therapy, the DNA components are administered daily in pill form. Also known as deoxypyrimidine monophosphate bypass therapy.
See also mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome.
| Concord Monitor | Air Force to spend $30 million this year on Pease cleanup Concord Monitor Exposure to the chemicals, found in everyday products like nonstick cookware and stain-resistant carpet and probably occurring at low levels in most people, have been linked in animal studies to low birth weight, accelerated puberty, cancer and thyroid ... Air Force to spend $30m on Pease cleanupThe Boston Globe all 5 news articles » |
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Publications based on large healthcare databases that contain data pertaining to wound-related outcomes are starting to appear more frequently. However, concern exists in regard to study design adequacy, the methodology used to minimize misclassifications, bias, and confounding, and lack of full reporting. The STROBE guidelines were published to encourage fuller reporting of observational studies and have now been extended using the RECORD statement to better document routinely collected healthcare data. In this paper, elements of the RECORD statement have been used to create guidelines for study design, cohort matching, reporting criteria, and analysis frameworks in regard to analyses of populations involving comparative effectiveness research. It is recommended that researchers present full data analysis with minimal inclusion and exclusion criteria and preplanned subgroups analyses rather than attempt to emulate randomized controlled trials, as patterns of product administration are likely to be vastly different to those using controlled trials; moreover, missing data are very common. Suggestions for creating better matched cohorts, classification of wound- and patient-related variables, and a rationale for reporting at a minimum a particular set of benchmarks to better characterize wound care populations is also presented. Adherence to these guidelines would improve the credibility of studies and make comparisons between studies much easier. Finally, an adaptation of the Cochrane risk of bias tool is presented in connection with the proposed guidelines for systematic reviewers to assess these kinds of retrospective studies. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
We propose and apply coupling of the variational iteration method (VIM) and homotopy perturbation method (HPM) to solve nonlinear mixed Volterra-Fredholm integrodifferential equations (VFIDE). In this approach, we use a new formula called variational homotopy perturbation method (VHPM) and variational accelerated homotopy perturbation method (VAHPM). This approach is based on the form of He's polynomials and on a new form of He's polynomials. We discuss the convergence of the technique. Some numerical examples are introduced to verify the efficiency of this technique.
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Publication date: Available online 29 July 2017
Source:British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Author(s): R.G. Coropciuc, K. Grisar, T. Aerden, M. Schol, J. Schoenaers, C. Politis
There is currently no widespread strategy for treating medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ), so our aim was to evaluate retrospectively the outcome of a minimally invasive treatment protocol for patients with both MRONJ and cancer. We designed a retrospective cohort study of patients with cancer who had been diagnosed with MRONJ after treatment with denosumab or bisphosphonates given intravenously. Primary outcome measures were improvement in the clinical stage of MRONJ and the time course to its resolution. Secondary outcome measures included the incidence of risk factors and patterns of treatment. Seventy-nine patients with 109 lesions were enrolled, and their characteristics, presentation of the lesions, complications, and relations to previous oral interventions were recorded. Treatment depended on the stage of disease, and included conservative medical, and minimally-invasive surgical, procedures. There was complete healing and resolution of disease in 38/57 stage 1 lesions, 30/47 stage 2 lesions, and 3/5 stage 3 lesions. The symptoms improved in 16/47 stage 2 lesions, and 2/5 stage 3 lesions. Fifteen of the stage 1 lesions, and one of the stage 2 lesions, failed to respond. Despite the possibility of an aggressive approach to the treatment of MRONJ, conservative treatment remains the first line of defence as regression is obvious, with evidence of no evolution to a higher stage. In our experience surgical intervention is recommended in persistent stage 3 MRONJ that has failed to respond to conservative treatment.
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| NECN | Air Force to spend $30m on Pease cleanup The Boston Globe CONCORD, N.H. — The Air Force plans to spend $30 million more this year to clean up contaminated ground water at a former base in New Hampshire, officials said this week. The ground water at the former Pease Air Force Base was contaminated with ... Air Force to Spend $30 Million This Year on Pease CleanupU.S. News & World Report all 4 news articles » |
Κάθε άνθρωπος χρειάζεται να αντλεί από κάπου έμπνευση, ώστε να μπορεί να γίνεται κάθε μέρα καλύτερος σε όλους τους τομείς της ζωής του. Εδώ συγκεντρώσαμε για εσάς μερικές σοφές φράσεις που αφορούν την υλοποίηση των στόχων και των ονείρων μας. "Δεν είναι ποτέ αργά να γίνεις αυτό που θα μπορούσες να είσαι." – George Eliot […]
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Noninvasive medical procedures are usually preferable to their invasive counterparts in the medical community. Anemia examining through the palpebral conjunctiva is a convenient noninvasive procedure. The procedure can be automated to reduce the medical cost. We propose an anemia examining approach by using a Kalman filter (KF) and a regression method. The traditional KF is often used in time-dependent applications. Here, we modified the traditional KF for the time-independent data in medical applications. We simply compute the mean value of the red component of the palpebral conjunctiva image as our recognition feature and use a penalty regression algorithm to find a nonlinear curve that best fits the data of feature values and the corresponding levels of hemoglobin (Hb) concentration. To evaluate the proposed approach and several relevant approaches, we propose a risk evaluation scheme, where the entire Hb spectrum is divided into high-risk, low-risk, and doubtful intervals for anemia. The doubtful interval contains the Hb threshold, say 11 g/dL, separating anemia and nonanemia. A suspect sample is the sample falling in the doubtful interval. For the anemia screening purpose, we would like to have as less suspect samples as possible. The experimental results show that the modified KF reduces the number of suspect samples significantly for all the approaches considered here.
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Neuropathic pain is a common phenomenon that affects millions of people worldwide. Maxillofacial structures consist of various tissues that receive frequent stimulation during food digestion. The unique functions (masticatory process and facial expression) of the maxillofacial structure require the exquisite organization of both the peripheral and central nervous systems. Neuralgia is painful paroxysmal disorder of the head-neck region characterized by some commonly shared features such as the unilateral pain, transience and recurrence of attacks, and superficial and shock-like pain at a trigger point. These types of pain can be experienced after nerve injury or as a part of diseases that affect peripheral and central nerve function, or they can be psychological. Since the trigeminal and glossopharyngeal nerves innervate the oral structure, trigeminal and glossopharyngeal neuralgia are the most common syndromes following myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome. Nevertheless, misdiagnoses are common. The aim of this review is to discuss the currently available diagnostic procedures and treatment options for trigeminal neuralgia, glossopharyngeal neuralgia, and myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome.
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During the last decades, the continuous expansion of supercomputing infrastructures necessitates the design of scalable and robust parallel numerical methods for solving large sparse linear systems. A new approach for the additive projection parallel preconditioned iterative method based on semiaggregation and a subspace compression technique, for general sparse linear systems, is presented. The subspace compression technique utilizes a subdomain adjacency matrix and breadth first search to discover and aggregate subdomains to limit the average size of the local linear systems, resulting in reduced memory requirements. The depth of aggregation is controlled by a user defined parameter. The local coefficient matrices use the aggregates computed during the formation of the subdomain adjacency matrix in order to avoid recomputation and improve performance. Moreover, the rows and columns corresponding to the newly formed aggregates are ordered last to further reduce fill-in during the factorization of the local coefficient matrices. Furthermore, the method is based on nonoverlapping domain decomposition in conjunction with algebraic graph partitioning techniques for separating the subdomains. Finally, the applicability and implementation issues are discussed and numerical results along with comparative results are presented.
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Dental erosion is the chemical dissolution of the tooth structure. Factors like eating disorders and gastrointestinal diseases are recognized as intrinsic factors for dental erosion. Advanced stages of dental erosion extensively damage the tooth morphology, consequently affecting both esthetics and functions. Reports indicate the growing prevalence of erosion, and hence knowledge of restorative rehabilitation of tooth erosion is an integral part of the contemporary dental practice. This clinical report describes an adult patient with gastroesophageal reflux induced dental erosion involving the palatal surface of the maxillary anterior teeth. The extensive involvement of the palatal surfaces compromised the esthetics, incisal guidance, and functional occlusal efficiency. Indirect all-ceramic restorations were utilized to restore the esthetics and occlusal reconstruction. In conclusion, patients affected by severe dental erosion require prosthetic rehabilitation besides the management of the associated medical condition.
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Feed efficiency (FE) is a very important trait in livestock industry. Identification of the candidate genes could be of benefit for the improvement of FE trait. Mouse is used as the model for many studies in mammals. In this study, the candidate genes related to FE and coat color were identified using C57BL/6J (C57) × Kunming (KM) F2 mouse population. GWAS results showed that 61 and 2 SNPs were genome-wise suggestive significantly associated with feed conversion ratio (FCR) and feed intake (FI) traits, respectively. Moreover, the Erbin, Msrb2, Ptf1a, and Fgf10 were considered as the candidate genes of FE. The Lpl was considered as the candidate gene of FI. Further, the coat color trait was studied. KM mice are white and C57 ones are black. The GWAS results showed that the most significant SNP was located at chromosome 7, and the closely linked gene was Tyr. Therefore, our study offered useful target genes related to FE in mice; these genes may play similar roles in FE of livestock. Also, we identified the major gene of coat color in mice, which would be useful for better understanding of natural mutation of the coat color in mice.
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We study the energy harvesting problem in the Internet of Things with heterogeneous users, where there are three types of single-antenna users: ID users that only receive information, EH users that can only receive energy, and ID/EH users that receive information and energy simultaneously from a multiantenna base station via power splitting. We aim to maximize the minimum signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of the ID users and ID/EH users by jointly designing the power allocation at the transmitter and the power splitting strategy at the ID/EH receivers under the maximum transmit power and the minimum energy harvesting constraints. Specifically, we first apply the semidefinite relaxation (SDR), zero-forcing (ZF), and maximum ratio transmission (MRT) techniques to solve the nonconvex problems. We then apply the zero-forcing dirty paper coding (ZF-DPC) technique to eliminate the multiuser interference and derive the closed-form optimal solution. Numerical results show that ZF-DPC provides higher achievable minimum SINR than SDR and ZF in most cases.
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We propose and apply coupling of the variational iteration method (VIM) and homotopy perturbation method (HPM) to solve nonlinear mixed Volterra-Fredholm integrodifferential equations (VFIDE). In this approach, we use a new formula called variational homotopy perturbation method (VHPM) and variational accelerated homotopy perturbation method (VAHPM). This approach is based on the form of He's polynomials and on a new form of He's polynomials. We discuss the convergence of the technique. Some numerical examples are introduced to verify the efficiency of this technique.
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Patients with aortic dissection (AD) may present acute lung injury (ALI) that may affect the prognosis. In this study, we aim to investigate the roles and mechanism of IL-22 in the pathogenesis of AD complicated with ALI. Six hundred and twenty-one AD patients were included, and the incidence of ALI and pulmonary CT findings were analyzed. Mouse ALI model was established through AngII, and then IL-22 injection and AG490 were given. The pathological changes, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and expression of STAT3 were determined. For the in vitro experiment, cultivated pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) were treated by angiotensin II (AngII), followed by treating with IL-22 and/or AG490. The expression and migration of STAT3 was determined. Flow cytometry was carried out to evaluate the apoptosis. IL-22 contributed to the expression of STAT3 in lung tissues and attenuation of ALI. IL-22 obviously inhibited the apoptosis of PMVECs mediated by AngII and downregulated the expression and intranuclear transmission of STAT3. Such phenomenon was completely inhibited upon administration of AG490, an inhibitor of JAK2. Our data showed IL-22 contributed to the inhibition of PMVEC apoptosis mediated by AngII through activating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, which may attenuate the ALI induced by AngII.
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Photovoltaic (PV) power plant is an attractive way of utilizing the solar energy. For high-power PV power plant, the multilevel inverter is of potential interest. In contrast to the neutral-point clamped (NPC) or flying capacitor (FC) multilevel inverter, the nested neutral point clamped (NNPC) four-level inverter has better features for solar photovoltaic power plant. In practical applications, the common mode voltage reduction of the NNPC four-level is one of the important issues. In order to solve the problem, a new modulation strategy is proposed to minimize the common mode voltage. Compared with the conventional solution, our proposal can reduce the common mode voltage to 1/18 of the DC bus voltage. Moreover, it has the capability to balance the capacitor voltages. Finally, we carried out time-domain simulations to test the performance of the NNPC four-level inverter.
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Background. Malaria in pregnancy leads to low birth weight, premature birth, anaemia, and maternal and neonatal mortality. Use of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) during pregnancy is one of the proven interventions to reduce the malaria burden. However, Ghana has not achieved its target for ITN use among pregnant women. Methods. A qualitative study was conducted in seven communities purposively selected from the middle belt of Ghana. Participants who had delivered in the six months prior to this study were selected. In all, seven focus group discussions and twenty-four in-depth interviews were conducted between June and August 2010. Results. Respondents knew of the importance of ITNs and other malaria-preventive strategies. Factors such as financial access and missed opportunities of free distribution denied some pregnant women the opportunity to own or use an ITN. Reasons for not using ITNs during pregnancy included discomfort resulting from heat, smell of the net, and difficulty in hanging the net. Participants maintained their ITNs by preventing holes in the nets, retreatment, and infrequent washing. Conclusion. Pregnant women know about the causes and prevention of malaria. However, this knowledge is not transformed into practice due to lack of access to ITNs and sleeping discomforts among other logistical constraints.
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Objective. Vitiligo usually presented as asymptomatic depigmented macules and patches. Little is known regarding itch in vitiligo. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of itch in vitiligo patients. Patients and Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted on vitiligo patients. Itch character and intensity were determined through questionnaires. Evaluation was also made by dermatologists to define vitiligo subtype, body surface area, Koebner phenomenon (KP), and so on. Data were assessed by computer software. Results were considered statistically significant if . Results. Among 402 patients, itch on vitiliginous lesion presented in 20.2%. Prevalence of itch was most common in focal vitiligo (29.4%), followed by segmental vitiligo (20.3%) and nonsegmental vitiligo (19.6%), respectively. Tingling sensation was the most common itch-related symptom (82.7%). The median itch intensity is 5 by 10-point visual analog scale. Daily activity and sleep disturbance were observed in 60.5% and 39.5% of patients who experience itch. Itch occurred approximately 3 days prior to the development of lesions in 48.1% of patients. Thirty-two patients (78.1%) with both itch and KP type IIb had active disease. Conclusions. Itch in vitiligo is not uncommon. The presence of itch with KP type IIb may warrant the active vitiligo.
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Vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aircraft has good flight characteristics and system performance without runway. The multirotor system has been tried to expand into larger size for longer endurance or higher payload. But the motor power to endurance ratio has been limited. Due to the specific energy of gasoline being much higher than battery, introducing gasoline engine into multirotor system can be considered. This paper proposes a dual power multirotor system to combine a quadrotor using gasoline engines to provide major lift in shorter arm with another quadrotor using brushless DC motors to offer most controllable force with longer arm. System design, fabrication, and verification of the proposed dual power multirotor system development are presented. Preliminary flights have achieved 16 kg payload for long endurance flight. This is useful for various applications with advanced improvements.
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We propose an efficient method to compute the vacuum polarization energy of static field configurations that do not allow decomposition into symmetric and antisymmetric channels in one space dimension. In particular, we compute the vacuum polarization energy of the kink soliton in the model. We link the dependence of this energy on the position of the center of the soliton to the different masses of the quantum fluctuations at negative and positive spatial infinity.
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| Extra (blog) | Jill Zarin's Husband 'Not Doing Well' in Cancer Battle | ExtraTV.com Extra (blog) Sad news for "The Real Housewives of New York City" veteran Jill Zarin, whose husband Bobby Zarin has been battling thyroid cancer — he reportedly is "not ... Is Jill Zarin's husband Bobby Zarin dying? Hospitalized over brain ...Starcasm.net RHONY Star Jill Zarin Is 'Hoping For A Miracle' As Husband's ...Celebrity Insider (blog) all 4 news articles » |
An earthquake struck Yushu in Qinghai province of China on April 14, 2010, causing 2698 deaths and 12,135 injuries.The present study aimed to assess the health status, and associated determinants, of child sur...
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As the most common cause of acute liver failure in Western countries, acetaminophen-induced liver injury (AILI) is always a significant public health concern.1,2 Acetaminophen, also known as paracetamol, is one of the most commonly used medications for its analgesic and antipyretic effects.1,2 It is available over the counter both as a single formulation and in combination with other medications. While acetaminophen is a safe and effective drug at recommended doses, it has the potential of acute liver injury when overdose.
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To compare the effectiveness of the Quickert suture (Q-suture) with that of the lateral tarsoligamentous sling in treating lower eyelid involutional entropion in Asians.
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The benefit of computer-assisted planning in orthognathic surgery has been extensively documented over the last decade. This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of a virtual orthognathic surgical plan by a novel three dimensional (3D) analysis method.Ten patients who required orthognathic surgery were included in this study. A virtual surgical plan was achieved by the combination of a 3D skull model acquired from computed tomography (CT) and surface scanning of the upper and lower dental arch respectively and final occlusal position.
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| The Straits Times | Bald move to raise cancer awareness The Straits Times The founder of Raintree Pictures has had his own sad brush with the disease - his mother was diagnosed with thyroid cancer before she died two years ago. "When my colleagues, friends and family members see me, I hope they will see cancer prevention, ... |
Histamine is an important chemical mediator in the development of allergic rhinitis and plays a key role in eliciting the nasal symptoms of the disorder. Histamine may also affect smell as a neurotransmitter. However, whether histamine receptors are present in the mammalian olfactory epithelium has not yet been examined. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and distribution of histamine H1, H2, and H3 receptors in rat olfactory epithelium.
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Histamine is an important chemical mediator in the development of allergic rhinitis and plays a key role in eliciting the nasal symptoms of the disorder. Histamine may also affect smell as a neurotransmitter. However, whether histamine receptors are present in the mammalian olfactory epithelium has not yet been examined. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and distribution of histamine H1, H2, and H3 receptors in rat olfactory epithelium.
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| Faith Lewis benefit dinner Aug. 5 at MC First Baptist Buffalo Reflex (subscription) A benefit spaghetti dinner is planned for Faith Bartron Lewis at 6 p.m. Saturday, Aug. 5, at Macks Creek First Baptist Church to help offset some of her medical expenses. She is battling salivary gland cancer. |
The authors regret that there was an error in Fig. 1D in the original article. The correct version of Fig. 1D can be found below.
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| World Head and Neck Cancer Day observed The Hindu Alcohol consumption and sharp tooth causing irritation over the tongue/cheek over a long period of time can also causes the cancers. "Even poor oral hygiene can cause cancer. People need to be aware that even after quitting tobacco use, they need to go ... |
Publication date: Available online 29 July 2017
Source:European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Diseases
Author(s): A. Weckel, M. Marx, M.-J. Esteve-Fraysse
ObjectiveThe main objective was to assess the efficacy of intratympanic dexamethasone injection in controlling vertigo in unilateral Ménière's disease refractory to medical treatment.Materials and methodsA retrospective study included 25 patients with disabling unilateral Ménière's disease, defined according to the American Academy of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) criteria. Patients received intratympanic dexamethasone during the monitoring period. Control of vertigo was classified according to AAO-HNS vertigo control index, at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years after treatment initiation. Complications and progression of hearing were also assessed.ResultsSatisfactory control (class A or B) was obtained in 92% of patients (n=23/25) at 6 months, 68% (n=17/25) at 1 year, and 70% (n=16/23) at 2 years. There was no worsening of hearing in those patients who were well-controlled by this therapeutic strategy. No local or systemic complications were observed during follow-up.ConclusionDexamethasone is part of the management strategy for patients with Ménière's disease refractory to conventional treatment, implemented before destructive treatment. It achieves control of vertigo in 70% of patients at 2 years.
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Publication date: Available online 29 July 2017
Source:European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Diseases
Author(s): C. Eyermann, T. Raguin, P. Hemar, C. Debry
IntroductionLiposarcoma of the hypopharynx is extremely rare, as only 28 cases have been reported in the literature. The cardinal symptom of liposarcoma is progressively worsening dysphagia.Case reportThe authors report the case of a 71-year-old man who presented with dysphagia, marked weight loss over several weeks and an episode of exteriorization of a solid mass from the mouth during an episode of vomiting. Imaging revealed a fat density intra-oesophageal mass. Panendoscopy and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy visualized the pedunculated tumour in the left piriform sinus, which was able to be exteriorized via the mouth. The tumour was then resected endoscopically at its hypopharyngeal insertion pedicle. Histological examination of the operative specimen concluded on well-differentiated benign liposarcoma.DiscussionWell-differentiated liposarcoma is the most common form of liposarcoma, but is only exceptionally reported in the hypopharynx. The main symptoms are related to compression of adjacent structures. Imaging findings are nonspecific. Only histological examination can distinguish liposarcoma from other benign oesophageal tumours. Standard treatment consists of wide, complete resection, which is not always possible in the neck. Long-term follow-up of these patients is essential in order to rapidly detect recurrence.
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Collagen VI is a ubiquitously-expressed macromolecule that forms unique microfibrillar assemblies in the extracellular matrix. Mutations in the COL6A1, COL6A2 and COL6A3 genes result in congenital muscular dystro...
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Publication date: Available online 29 July 2017
Source:European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Diseases
Author(s): A. Weckel, M. Marx, M.-J. Esteve-Fraysse
ObjectiveThe main objective was to assess the efficacy of intratympanic dexamethasone injection in controlling vertigo in unilateral Ménière's disease refractory to medical treatment.Materials and methodsA retrospective study included 25 patients with disabling unilateral Ménière's disease, defined according to the American Academy of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) criteria. Patients received intratympanic dexamethasone during the monitoring period. Control of vertigo was classified according to AAO-HNS vertigo control index, at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years after treatment initiation. Complications and progression of hearing were also assessed.ResultsSatisfactory control (class A or B) was obtained in 92% of patients (n=23/25) at 6 months, 68% (n=17/25) at 1 year, and 70% (n=16/23) at 2 years. There was no worsening of hearing in those patients who were well-controlled by this therapeutic strategy. No local or systemic complications were observed during follow-up.ConclusionDexamethasone is part of the management strategy for patients with Ménière's disease refractory to conventional treatment, implemented before destructive treatment. It achieves control of vertigo in 70% of patients at 2 years.
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Publication date: Available online 29 July 2017
Source:European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Diseases
Author(s): C. Eyermann, T. Raguin, P. Hemar, C. Debry
IntroductionLiposarcoma of the hypopharynx is extremely rare, as only 28 cases have been reported in the literature. The cardinal symptom of liposarcoma is progressively worsening dysphagia.Case reportThe authors report the case of a 71-year-old man who presented with dysphagia, marked weight loss over several weeks and an episode of exteriorization of a solid mass from the mouth during an episode of vomiting. Imaging revealed a fat density intra-oesophageal mass. Panendoscopy and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy visualized the pedunculated tumour in the left piriform sinus, which was able to be exteriorized via the mouth. The tumour was then resected endoscopically at its hypopharyngeal insertion pedicle. Histological examination of the operative specimen concluded on well-differentiated benign liposarcoma.DiscussionWell-differentiated liposarcoma is the most common form of liposarcoma, but is only exceptionally reported in the hypopharynx. The main symptoms are related to compression of adjacent structures. Imaging findings are nonspecific. Only histological examination can distinguish liposarcoma from other benign oesophageal tumours. Standard treatment consists of wide, complete resection, which is not always possible in the neck. Long-term follow-up of these patients is essential in order to rapidly detect recurrence.
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Publication date: Available online 29 July 2017
Source:Clinical Biochemistry
Author(s): Majuran Perinpam, Felicity T. Enders, Kristin C. Mara, Lisa E. Vaughan, Ramila A. Mehta, Nickolay Voskoboev, Dawn S. Milliner, John C. Lieske
BackgroundSince plasma oxalate (POx) concentrations increase at lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR) levels, even among those without enteric (EH) or primary hyperoxaluria (PH), the appropriate thresholds for considering a disorder of oxalate metabolism are poorly defined. The current study was completed to establish relationships between POx, GFR, and urine oxalate excretion (UOx) among patients with PH, EH, and routine urinary stone disease (USD).MethodsThe most recent POx measurement on all Mayo Clinic patients between 2005 and 2015 were electronically pulled from the Lab Information System together with the closest serum creatinine within 14days and 24h urine study within 60days. After exclusion of patients not in steady state at the time of blood draw, 270 patients were available for study. Records were reviewed for clinical diagnoses to categorize patients as PH, EH, or USD. Waste plasma for Pox was also obtained from controls without USD undergoing clinical GFR testing.ResultsIn all 3 groups POx increased as eGFR fell. For any given eGFR, POx was highest in the PH group and lowest in the USD and control groups (p<0.0001). POx was also influenced by UOx excretion (reflecting total body oxalate burden, absorption from diet and endogenous production). Generalized estimating equations of POx vs eGFR revealed higher average POx levels in PH compared to EH,USD or control, and for EH compared to USD or control. GEE prediction models were created that use POx, UOx, age, and serum creatinine to estimate the probability of a PH diagnosis.ConclusionsNew models were developed to help interpret POx when considering PH in clinical practice even when it was not previously suspected and/or eGFR is reduced.
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The superior temporal sulcus (STS) is an intriguing region both for its complex anatomy and for the multiple functions that it hosts. Unfortunately, most studies explored either the functional organization or the anatomy of the STS only. Here, we link these two aspects by investigating anatomo-functional correspondences between the voice-sensitive cortex (Temporal Voice Areas) and the STS depth. To do so, anatomical and functional scans of 116 subjects were processed such as to generate individual surface maps on which both depth and functional voice activity can be analyzed. Individual depth profiles of manually drawn STS and functional profiles from a voice localizer (voice > non-voice) maps were extracted and compared to assess anatomo-functional correspondences. Three major results were obtained: first, the STS exhibits a highly significant rightward depth asymmetry in its middle part. Second, there is an anatomo-functional correspondence between the location of the voice-sensitive peak and the deepest point inside this asymmetrical region bilaterally. Finally, we showed that this correspondence was independent of the gender and, using a machine learning approach, that it existed at the individual level. These findings offer new perspectives for the understanding of anatomo-functional correspondences in this complex cortical region.
| World Head and Neck Cancer Day observed The Hindu As another World Head and Neck Cancer Day was observed on July 27, the stress was on raising awareness about the ill-effects of use of tobacco and areca nut that causes head and neck cancers. Alcohol consumption and sharp tooth causing irritation over ... |
| Daily Post North Wales | Woman who lost eye and had face reconstructed after cancer 'counting down the days' until she returns to North Wales Daily Post North Wales "To have treatment, I have to lie down and use a mouth piece to keep my tongue still, then they put a mask on quite tight so I can't move my head at all. "A small machine zaps lasers into the three areas where the cancer cells are. Each session lasts ... and more » |
| Air Force to Spend $30 Million This Year on Pease Cleanup U.S. News & World Report The Environmental Protection Agency says exposure has been linked in animal studies to low birth weight, accelerated puberty, cancer and thyroid problems, among other maladies. The Air Force said this week it already spent $25 million addressing the ... and more » |
Microdeletions are known to confer risk to epilepsy, particularly at genomic rearrangement 'hotspot' loci. However, microdeletion burden not overlapping these regions or within different epilepsy subtypes has not been ascertained.
ObjectiveTo decipher the role of microdeletions outside hotspots loci and risk assessment by epilepsy subtype.
MethodsWe assessed the burden, frequency and genomic content of rare, large microdeletions found in a previously published cohort of 1366 patients with genetic generalised epilepsy (GGE) in addition to two sets of additional unpublished genome-wide microdeletions found in 281 patients with rolandic epilepsy (RE) and 807 patients with adult focal epilepsy (AFE), totalling 2454 cases. Microdeletions were assessed in a combined and subtype-specific approaches against 6746 controls.
ResultsWhen hotspots are considered, we detected an enrichment of microdeletions in the combined epilepsy analysis (adjusted p=1.06x10–6,OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.51 to 2.35). Epilepsy subtype-specific analyses showed that hotspot microdeletions in the GGE subgroup contribute most of the overall signal (adjusted p=9.79x10–12, OR 7.45, 95% CI 4.20–13.5). Outside hotspots , microdeletions were enriched in the GGE cohort for neurodevelopmental genes (adjusted p=9.13x10–3,OR 2.85, 95% CI 1.62–4.94). No additional signal was observed for RE and AFE. Still, gene-content analysis identified known (NRXN1, RBFOX1 and PCDH7) and novel (LOC102723362) candidate genes across epilepsy subtypes that were not deleted in controls.
ConclusionsOur results show a heterogeneous effect of recurrent and non-recurrent microdeletions as part of the genetic architecture of GGE and a minor contribution in the aetiology of RE and AFE.
Deficiency of α-galactosidase A (αGal-A) in Fabry disease leads to the accumulation mainly of globotriaosylceramide (GL3) in multiple renal cell types. Glomerular podocytes are relatively resistant to clearance of GL3 inclusions by enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). Migalastat, an orally bioavailable small molecule capable of chaperoning misfolded αGal-A to lysosomes, is approved in the European Union for the long-term treatment of patients with Fabry disease and amenable GLA (α-galactosidase A enzyme) mutations. We aimed to examine if migalastat reduces GL3 content of podocytes in Fabry disease.
Methods and analysisWe compared paired renal biopsies of eight adult men with amenable Fabry disease mutations at baseline and after 6 months of treatment with 150 mg migalastat every other day using quantitative unbiased electron microscopic morphometric methods.
ResultsMigalastat treatment led to a reduction in mean total GL3 inclusion volume per podocyte in renal biopsies from baseline to 6 months. This reduction correlated precisely with reduced mean podocyte volume. There was also a direct relationship between reduction in podocyte foot process width and the reduction in mean total podocyte GL3 content following 6 months of migalastat treatment, suggestive of reduced podocyte injury.
ConclusionMigalastat treatment of 6 months duration in eight male patients with Fabry disease demonstrated effective GL3 clearance from the podocyte, an important and relatively ERT-resistant glomerular cell.
There are limited curricular options for medical students to engage in art-making during their training. Yet, it is known that art-making confers a variety of benefits related to learning. This qualitative study utilises a visual methodology to explore students' art-making in the context of the cardiovascular sciences. The existence of a multiyear repository of medical/dental student generated, cardiac-inspired art, collected over 6 years, provided the opportunity to explore the nature of the art made. The aim was to categorise the art produced, as well as the depth and breadth of understanding required to produce the art. The data set included a wide variety of titled art (paintings, photographs, sketches, sculptures, collages, poetry and music/dance). Systematic curation of the collection, across all media, yielded three main categories: anatomical renderings, physiology/pathophysiology renderings and kinesthetic creations (music/dance/tactile). Overall (medical and dental) student-generated art suggested a high level of content/process understanding, as illustrated by attention to scientific detail, integration of form and function as well as the sophisticated use of visual metaphor and word play. Dental students preferentially expressed their understanding of anatomy and physiology kinesthetically, creating art that required manual dexterity as well as through choreography and dance. Combining art-making with basic science curricular learning invited the medical and dentistry students to link their understanding to different modes of expression and a non-biomedical way of knowing. Subsequent incorporation of the student-generated cardiac art into lectures exposed the entire class to creative pictorial expressions of anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology.
It is unclear why many with diabetes develop foot ulcers (DFU) and why some do not heal. It could be associated with genetic variation. We have previously shown that NOS1AP variation is associated with lower extremity amputation in those with diabetes and that circulating stem progenitor cell concentration (SPC) is associated with impaired foot ulcer healing in those with diabetes. The goal of this study was to determine if NOS1AP variation is associated with impaired wound healing and with SPC mobilization in those with DFU. In longitudinal cohort study we demonstrate that NOS1AP variants rs16849113 and rs19649113 are associated with impaired wound healing and with SPC mobilization in those with DFU. We believe that further study of NOS1AP is merited and that it NOS1AP might be associated with a functional impairment. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Purpose
Work-related psychosocial factors may precipitate the onset of depression. In occupational mental health research, there are three widely used theoretical models, namely, job demand and control (JD-C), effort-reward imbalance (ERI) and work-family conflicts (WFC). However, the interaction between these models and their combined effect on the risk of major depression in the workplace is largely unknown. The aim of this study is to examine the longitudinal combined effects of JD-C, ERI and WFC on the risk of major depression in the working population.
MethodsLongitudinal data (2008-2013) were collected on randomly selected participants (n=4200) from the working population of the province of Alberta, Canada, at baseline and 1-, 2-, 3- and 4-year follow-up. Data about JD-C, ERI, WFC and major depression were collected by trained interviewers using a computer-assisted telephone interviewing method. Generalised estimating equations for longitudinal modelling were used.
ResultsThere was an independent association between high ERI and high WFC at tx and major depression at tx+1 (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.25 to 1.96; OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.52), respectively. The combined effects of JD-C and ERI, ERI and WFC, and WFC and JD-C on the risk of major depression were as follows: OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.22 to 2.42, OR 2.47, 95% CI 1.99 to 3.49 and OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.48 to 3.30, respectively. The relative excess risks attributable to the interactions were statistically non-significant.
ConclusionsWork-related psychosocial factors are associated with increased risk of major depression over time, but their combined effect is not synergistic. The effects of the factors depicted in the three occupational health models on the risk of major depression appear to be additive.
Objectives
To estimate the economic burden of lung cancer and mesothelioma due to occupational and para-occupational asbestos exposure in Canada.
MethodsWe estimate the lifetime cost of newly diagnosed lung cancer and mesothelioma cases associated with occupational and para-occupational asbestos exposure for calendar year 2011 based on the societal perspective. The key cost components considered are healthcare costs, productivity and output costs, and quality of life costs.
ResultsThere were 427 cases of newly diagnosed mesothelioma cases and 1904 lung cancer cases attributable to asbestos exposure in 2011 for a total of 2331 cases. Our estimate of the economic burden is $C831 million in direct and indirect costs for newly identified cases of mesothelioma and lung cancer and $C1.5 billion in quality of life costs based on a value of $C100 000 per quality-adjusted life year. This amounts to $C356 429 and $C652 369 per case, respectively.
ConclusionsThe economic burden of lung cancer and mesothelioma associated with occupational and para-occupational asbestos exposure is substantial. The estimate identified is for 2331 newly diagnosed, occupational and para-occupational exposure cases in 2011, so it is only a portion of the burden of existing cases in that year. Our findings provide important information for policy decision makers for priority setting, in particular the merits of banning the mining of asbestos and use of products containing asbestos in countries where they are still allowed and also the merits of asbestos removal in older buildings with asbestos insulation.
The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to examine which work-related risk factors are associated with specific soft tissue shoulder disorders. We searched the electronic databases of Medline and Embase for articles published between 2009 and 24 March 2016 and included the references of a systematic review performed for the period before 2009. Primary cross-sectional and longitudinal studies were included when outcome data were described in terms of clinically assessed soft tissue shoulder disorders and at least two levels of work-related exposure were mentioned (exposed vs less or non-exposed). Two authors independently selected studies, extracted data and assessed study quality. For longitudinal studies, we performed meta-analyses and used GRADE (Grades of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) to assess the evidence for the associations between risk factors and the onset of shoulder disorders. Twenty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria. In total, 16 300 patients with specific soft tissue shoulder disorders from a population of 2 413 722 workers from Denmark, Finland, France, Germany and Poland were included in the meta-analysis of one case–control and six prospective cohort studies. This meta-analysis revealed moderate evidence for associations between shoulder disorders and arm-hand elevation (OR=1.9, 95% CI 1.47 to 2.47) and shoulder load (OR=2.0, 95% CI 1.90 to 2.10) and low to very low evidence for hand force exertion (OR=1.5, 95% CI 1.25 to 1.87), hand-arm vibration (OR=1.3, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.77), psychosocial job demands (OR=1.1, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.25) and working together with temporary workers (OR=2.2, 95% CI 1.2 to 4.2). Low-quality evidence for no associations was found for arm repetition, social support, decision latitude, job control and job security. Moderate evidence was found that arm-hand elevation and shoulder load double the risk of specific shoulder disorders. Low to very-low-quality evidence was found for an association between hand force exertion, hand-arm vibration, psychosocial job demands and working together with temporary workers and the incidence of specific shoulder disorders.
Objectives
Three hundred and thirty thousand Italians arrived in Australia between 1945 and 1966, many on assisted passage schemes where the worker agreed to a 2-year unskilled employment contract. Italians were the largest of 52 migrant groups employed at the Wittenoom blue asbestos mining and milling operation. We compare mortality from asbestos-related diseases among Italian and Australian workers employed at Wittenoom.
MethodsA cohort of 6500 male workers was established from employment records and followed up at state and national mortality and cancer registries. SMRs were calculated to compare mortality with the Western Australian male population. Time-varying Cox proportional hazards models compared the risk of mesothelioma between Australian and Italian workers.
Results1031 Italians and 3465 Australians worked at Wittenoom between 1943 and 1966. Duration of employment was longer for the Italian workers, although the concentration of exposure was similar. The mesothelioma mortality rate per 100 000 was higher in Italians (184, 95% CI 148 to 229) than Australians (128, 95% CI 111 to 149). The risk of mesothelioma was greater than twofold (HR 2.27, 95% CI 1.43 to 3.60) in Italians at the lowest asbestos exposure category (<10 fibre years/per mL).
ConclusionsA hierarchy in migration, isolation and a shortage of workers led to Italians at Wittenoom incurring higher cumulative exposure to blue asbestos and subsequently a greater rate of malignant mesothelioma than Australian workers.
ImpactPoor working conditions and disparities between native and foreign-born workers has had a detrimental and differential impact on the long-term health of the workforce.
In their recent report, Halliday et al1 seek to encourage the reader that 'interventions to improve grit through resilience training should also be examined'. As a matter of concern to myself, this statement and the associated research in the report are likely to give fuel for National Health Service (NHS) employers to dive headlong into further rounds of deeply unpopular 'resilience training' for Junior Doctors.
On interrogation of the data presented in their report,1 specifically referring to Junior trainees (FY1-CT2): for 'Grit versus Exhaustion' in this group, the correlation is moderately negative (–0.391) with a p value of only 0.02. For 'Grit versus Burnout', the correlation is weakly negative (–0.254) with a borderline p value of only 0.03. For 'Grit versus Disengagement', the negative correlation is weak (–0.222) and not even statistically significant (p value=0.09). As mentioned by the authors, these data are seemingly in line with other such data produced....
Objectives
Common mental disorders (CMDs) cause great individual suffering and long-term sick leave. Cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) effectively treats CMDs, but sick leave is not reduced to the same extent as psychiatric symptoms. Research results regarding return-to-work interventions (RTW-Is) and their effect on sick leave are inconclusive. The aim of this study was to evaluate CBT, a RTW-I and combined CBT and RTW-I (COMBO) for primary care patients on sick leave due to CMDs.
MethodsPatients with CMDs (n=211) were randomised to CBT (n=64), RTW-I (n=67) or COMBO (n=80). Sick-leave registry data after 1 year and blinded Clinician's Severity Rating (CSR) of symptoms post-treatment and at follow-ups after 6 and 12 months were primary outcomes.
ResultsThere was no significant difference between treatments in days on sick leave 1 year after treatment start (mean difference in sick-leave days range=9–27). CBT led to larger reduction of symptoms post-treatment (CSR; Cohen's d=0.4 (95% CI 0.1 to 0.8)) than RTW-I, whereas COMBO did not differ from CBT or RTW-I. At follow-up, after 1 year, there was no difference between groups. All treatments were associated with large pre-treatment to post-treatment improvements, and results were maintained at 1-year follow-up.
ConclusionNo treatment was superior to the other regarding reducing sick leave. All treatments effectively reduced symptoms, CBT in a faster pace than RTW-I, but at 1-year follow-up, all groups had similar symptom levels. Further research is needed regarding how CBT and RTW-I can be combined more efficiently to produce a larger effect on sick leave while maintaining effective symptom reduction.
The amount of available biomedical information is vast and growing. Natural limitations of the way clinicians and researchers approach this treasure trove of information comprise difficulties locating the information, and once located, cognitive biases may lead to inappropriate use of the information. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses represent important tools in the information age to improve knowledge and action. Systematic reviews represent a census approach to identifying literature to avoid non-response bias. They are a necessary prelude to producing combined quantitative summaries of associations or treatment effects. Meta-analysis comprises the arithmetical techniques for producing combined summaries from individual study reports. Careful, thoughtful and rigorous use of these tools is likely to enhance knowledge and action. Use of standard guidelines, such as the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, or embedding these activities within collaborative groups such as the Cochrane Collaboration, are likely to lead to more useful systematic review and meta-analysis reporting.
Aim
Portal hypertension is a common complication of chronic liver disease and can cause variceal bleeding which is associated with high mortality. Choices for the treatment of variceal bleeding include surgical shunts and endoscopic sclerotherapy. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of surgical shunts and endoscopic sclerotherapy in treating variceal bleeding due to portal hypertension.
DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.
SettingMedline, PubMed, Cochrane and Google Scholar databases were searched until 12 February 2015, for relevant randomised control trials. Twenty studies with a total of 1540 participants were included.
PatientsPatients with variceal bleeding due to portal hypertension.
InterventionsSurgical shunts compared to endoscopic sclerotherapy.
Main outcome measuresRates of rebleeding, survival and hepatoencephalopathy, and length of hospital stay.
ResultsPooled data for 17 studies showed that the rate of rebleeding was significantly more frequent with sclerotherapy compared with surgical shunt therapy (OR 3.99, 95% CI 2.98 to 5.33, p<0.001). The sclerotherapy patient group compared with the shunt group was less likely to develop hepatoencephalopathy (15 studies: pooled OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.91, p=0.021) and had shorter hospital stays (pooled mean difference –4.32, 95% CI –7.97 to –0.66, p=0.021). No significant difference in the survival rate was observed between the two groups (seven studies: OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.63 to 1.62, p=0.964).
ConclusionThis analysis indicated that the two types of treatment have similar mortality rates but differed with respect to rebleeding rate, incidence of hepatoencephalopathy and length of hospital stay.
Sepsis is common, often fatal and requires rapid interventions to improve outcomes. While the optimal management of sepsis in the intensive care setting is the focus of extensive research interest, the mainstay of the recognition and initial management of sepsis will occur outside the intensive care setting. Therefore, it is key that institutions and clinicians remain well informed of the current updates in sepsis management and continue to use them to deliver appropriate and timely interventions to enhance patient survival. This review discusses the latest updates in sepsis care including the new consensus definition of sepsis, the outcome of the proCESS, ProMISe and ARISE trials of early goal directed therapy (EGDT), and the most recent guidelines from the Surviving Sepsis Campaign.
This study was to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the apoptosis induced by Muscovy duck reovirus (MDRV) through a transcriptomic analysis. Muscovy ducklings were infected with MDRV strain YB and the apoptotic cells in their livers were examined with terminal-deoxynucleotidyl-transferase-mediated nick end labeling and flow cytometry. Genes differentially expressed in the livers of the MDRV-infected ducklings were screened by comparing them with those of uninfected ducklings and were analyzed with a transcriptomic method to illuminate the mechanism of MDRV infection. The results showed that MDRV infection strongly induced apoptotic cells in liver. Significant pathway enrichment determined by a Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that MDRV activated the death receptor family signaling pathway (Fas, TNFR1), the interleukin receptor signaling pathway (IL1, IL3), the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling pathway, NF-ҝB signaling pathway and calcium ions signaling pathway to induce apoptosis. This was verified by SYBR-Green-based fluorescence quantitative PCR. In conclusion, MDRV induce apoptosis by activation multi signaling pathways.
| Island Eye News | Nolvadex alternative bodybuilding - Tamoxifen cancer drug Island Eye News Drug medications information shadow and the and. required sites they sized number Web that tongue is featured proven prices, effect together no And oil than a integration burn most taken a from carries save is select (such about made of of for to can ... and more » |
Publication date: Available online 29 July 2017
Source:Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research
Author(s): Chu-Liang Lin, Chien-Min Chen, Chia-Liang Lin, Chun-Wen Cheng, Chien-Hsing Lee, Yi-Hsien Hsieh
Norcantharidin (NCTD) is the demethylated form of cantharidin that exhibits anticancer potential in many cancer cell types. Recent reports suggest that NCTD targeting ROS/AMPK and DNA replication signaling pathway could be an effective strategy for the treatment of PCa cells. However, supportive evidence is limited to the effect of NCTD that induction of apoptosis through suppression of the Mcl-1. Here, we show that NCTD induced PCa cell apoptosis and triggered caspase activation, which was associated with mitochondria dysfunction. Mechanistic investigations suggested that NCTD modulated the Akt signaling via increased nuclear translocation and interaction with the myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) promoter by FOXO4, resulting in an apoptotic effect. Moreover, miR-320d, which targets Mcl-1, was significantly upregulated after NCTD treatment. Overexpression of miR-320d by NCTD induced mitochondria dysfunction and apoptosis, which was notably attenuated with a miR-320d inhibitor. In vivo xenograft analysis revealed that NCTD significantly reduced tumor growth in mice with PC3 tumor xenografts. Taken together, our results provide new insights into the critical role of NCTD in suppressing Mcl-1 via epigenetic upregulation of miR-320d, resulting in PCa cell apoptosis.
Publication date: Available online 29 July 2017
Source:Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research
Author(s): Melania E. Zanchetta, Luisa M.R. Napolitano, Danilo Maddalo, Germana Meroni
MID1/TRIM18 is a member of the TRIM family of ubiquitin E3 ligases characterized by the presence of a conserved RING-containing N-terminal tripartite motif. Mutations in the MID1 gene have been associated with the X-linked form of Opitz Syndrome, a developmental disorder characterized by midline defects and intellectual disability. The effect of MID1 E3 ligase activity within the cell and the role in the pathogenesis of the disease is still not completely unraveled. Here, we report BRAF35, a non-canonical HMG nuclear factor, as a novel MID1 substrate. MID1 is implicated in BRAF35 ubiquitination promoting atypical poly-ubiquitination via K6-, K27- and K29-linkages. We observed a partial co-localization of the two proteins within cytoplasmic bodies. We found that MID1 depletion alters BRAF35 localization in these structures and increases BRAF35 stability affecting its cytoplasmic abundance. Our data reveal a novel role for MID1 and for atypical ubiquitination in balancing BRAF35 presence, and likely its activity, within nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments.
from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via Alexandros G.Sfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2tMglMq
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Publication date: Available online 29 July 2017
Source:Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research
Author(s): Paul A. Walton, Chantal Brees, Celien Lismont, Oksana Apanasets, Marc Fransen
Accumulating evidence indicates that peroxisome functioning, catalase localization, and cellular oxidative balance are intimately interconnected. Nevertheless, it remains largely unclear why modest increases in the cellular redox state especially interfere with the subcellular localization of catalase, the most abundant peroxisomal antioxidant enzyme. This study aimed at gaining more insight into this phenomenon. Therefore, we first established a simple and powerful approach to study peroxisomal protein import and protein-protein interactions in living cells in response to changes in redox state. By employing this approach, we confirm and extend previous observations that Cys-11 of human PEX5, the shuttling import receptor for peroxisomal matrix proteins containing a C-terminal peroxisomal targeting signal (PTS1), functions as a redox switch that modulates the protein's activity in response to intracellular oxidative stress. In addition, we show that oxidative stress affects the import of catalase, a non-canonical PTS1-containing protein, more than the import of a reporter protein containing a canonical PTS1. Furthermore, we demonstrate that changes in the local redox state do not affect PEX5-substrate binding and that human PEX5 does not oligomerize in cellulo, not even when the cells are exposed to oxidative stress. Finally, we present evidence that catalase retained in the cytosol can protect against H2O2-mediated redox changes in a manner that peroxisomally targeted catalase does not. Together, these findings lend credit to the idea that inefficient catalase import, when coupled with the role of PEX5 as a redox-regulated import receptor, constitutes a cellular defense mechanism to combat oxidative insults of extra-peroxisomal origin.
| Meteo Web | Tumori, gli avevano dato 6 settimane: vivo dopo 5 anni nonostante ... Meteo Web Gli avevano dato 6 settimane di vita al massimo, ma Leland Fay, 46 anni,papa' di due bimbi, dopo 5 anni e' ancora in vita. and more » |
| Impronta Unika | Ricostruita laringe usando i muscoli del collo, primo caso in Italia Impronta Unika I tumori maligni della laringe sono i più frequenti tumori del distretto testa- collo; rappresentano circa il 2,5% di tutte le neoplasie maligne nell'uomo e lo 0,5% nella donna. In Italia attualmente vengono diagnosticati circa 5.000 nuovi casi di ... |
| Air Force to spend $30 million this year on Pease cleanup CT Post The Environmental Protection Agency says exposure has been linked in animal studies to low birth weight, accelerated puberty, cancer and thyroid problems, among other maladies. The Air Force said this week it already spent $25 million addressing the ... |
| Blocking the back-door that cancer cells use to escape death by radiotherapy Science Daily According to Brindley, the strategy also holds great promise for the treatment of other types of cancer such as thyroid cancer and glioblastoma. The team believes the same strategy can be used to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy. They hope to soon ... |
Epigenetic alterations may represent new therapeutic targets and/or biomarkers of allergic rhinitis (AR). Our aim was to examine genome-wide epigenetic changes induced by controlled pollen exposure in the Environmental Exposure Unit (EEU).
38 AR-sufferers and 8 non-allergic controls were exposed to grass pollen for 3h on two consecutive days. We interrogated DNA methylation at baseline and 3h in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using the Infinium Methylation 450K array. We corrected for demographics, cell composition, and multiple testing (Benjamini-Hochberg), and verified hits using bisulfite PCR-pyrosequencing and qPCR. To extend these findings to a clinically relevant tissue, we investigated DNA methylation and gene expression of mucin 4 (MUC4), in nasal brushings from a separate validation cohort exposed to birch pollen.
In PBMCs of allergic rhinitis participants, 42 sites showed significant DNA methylation changes of 2% or greater. DNA methylation changes in tryptase gamma 1 (TPSG1), schlafen 12 (SLFN12) and MUC4 in response to exposure were validated by pyrosequencing. SLFN12 DNA methylation significantly correlated with symptoms (p<0.05), and baseline DNA methylation pattern was found to be predictive of symptom severity upon grass allergen exposure (p<0.05). Changes in MUC4 DNA methylation in nasal brushings in the validation cohort correlated with drop in peak nasal inspiratory flow (Spearman r = 0.314, p = 0.034), and MUC4 gene expression was significantly increased (p<0.0001).
This study revealed novel and rapid epigenetic changes upon exposure in a controlled allergen challenge facility, identified baseline epigenetic status as a predictor of symptom severity.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Clinically significant Graves' orbitopathy (GO) develops in about 25% of those with Graves' disease (GD); most cases of GD in the UK are managed by endocrinologists. Despite this, patients report significant delays before a diagnosis of GO is made. Measures to increase awareness of the early signs of GO and establishing a fast-track referral pathway to specialist care should overcome these delays and potentially improve outcomes.
We aimed to determine whether issuing a "GO early warning card" to all GD patients raises awareness of GO and facilitates early diagnosis, what percentage of cards result in a telephone contact, the number of "false reports" from card carriers and patient perceptions of the cards.
We designed cards, detailing common GO symptoms and a telephone number for patients developing symptoms. Cards were distributed to 160 GD patients, without known GO, attending four endocrine clinics in the UK (December 2015 - March 2016). We recorded telephone contacts over twelve months from when the last card was distributed and gathered patient feedback.
The early warning cards were well received by patients in general. Over twelve months, ten telephone contacts from nine patients, all related to ocular symptoms, were received (6% of cards issued). Nine calls resulted in an additional clinic review (for eight patients) and four diagnoses of GO were made.
This pilot study demonstrates that it is feasible to distribute GO early warning cards in clinic and that they can be used to facilitate an early diagnosis of GO.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Although the incidence rate for thyroid cancer seems to have begun stabilizing in recent years, an increased rate of advanced stage of this disease has been reported. Additionally, distant metastasis is one of the most important prognostic factors of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Unfortunately, the underlying mechanisms of distant metastasis as well as cell status like metabolism changes in distant metastatic tumors have not been clearly elucidated.
To identify serum metabolic signature of distant metastatic PTC.
this study, gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) was used to analyze the serum from 77 patients diagnosed with PTC (37 in distant metastasis group and 40 in ablation group). Principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least-squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA)scores plots were used to analyze the data.
PCA and OPLS-DA analyses demonstrated an evident trend of separation between 40 serum samples from the ablation group and 37 samples from distant metastasis group. A total of 31 metabolites were identified which are related to amino acid, lipid, glucose, vitamin metabolism and diet/gut microbiota interaction. Pathway analysis showed 'alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism' and 'inositol phosphate metabolism' were the most relevant pathways.
Serum metabolomics profiling could significantly discriminate papillary thyroid cancer patients according to distant metastasis. Potential metabolic aberration in distant metastatic PTC could be involved in different biologic behaviors of tumor cells including proliferation, invasion/migration, and immune escape. Diet/gut microbiota produced metabolites could play an important role in these effects. This work may provide new clues to find the underlying mechanisms regarding to the distant metastasis of PTC as well as potential adjuvant therapy targets.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Publication date: 1 October 2017
Source:Cancer Letters, Volume 405
Author(s): Weiwei Guo, Xue You, Xiao Wang, Lin Wang, Yan Chen
Activation of class I Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) by mutation or overexpression closely correlates with the development of various human cancers. Class I PI3Ks are heterodimers composed of p110 catalytic subunits and regulatory subunits represented by p85. PAQR3 has been found to inhibit p110α activity by blocking its interaction with p85. In this study, we identified the N-terminal 6–55 amino acid residues of PAQR3 being sufficient for its interaction with p110α. A synthetic peptide, P6-55, that contains the N-terminus of PAQR3 could disrupt the interactions of p110α with both PAQR3 and p85. The activity of PI3K was also inhibited by P6-55, accompanied by significant inhibition of cancer cell proliferation. In a xenograft mouse model, P6-55 was able to reduce tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, P6-55 was capable of inhibiting the elevated basal PI3K activity of H1047R, a hotspot mutation found in many types of human cancers. The cell proliferation and migration of cancer cells bearing H1047R mutation were also reduced by P6-55. In conclusion, our study provides a proof of concept that blocking the interaction of p110α with p85 by a peptide can serve as a new strategy to inhibit the oncogenic activity of PI3K in cancer therapy.
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