Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos 72100 Crete Greece,00306932607174: 02/06/19

Τετάρτη 6 Φεβρουαρίου 2019

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Medical Education Texts

Objective Skills Clinical Examination: Every Day in the Field of Practice

https://www.amazon.co.uk/Objective-Skills-Clinical-Examination-Practice/dp/1980880417

Assessing Competence in Medicine and Other Health Professions

https://www.crcpress.com/Assessing-Competence-in-Medicine-and-Other-Health-Professions/Violato/p/book/9781498785082

Role of irisin in Chinese patients with hypothyroidism: an interventional study

Journal of International Medical Research, Ahead of Print.

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A Noninvasive Method to Reduce Radiotherapy Positioning Error Caused by Respiration for Patients With Abdominal or Pelvic Cancers

Technology in Cancer Research &Treatment, Volume 18, Issue , January 2019.

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Synthesis and anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity of substituted (o,o-difluorophenyl)-linked-pyrimidines as potent non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

Antiviral Chemistry and Chemotherapy, Volume 27, Issue , January-December 2019.

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[ASAP] Synthesis of Self-Healing Polymers by Scandium-Catalyzed Copolymerization of Ethylene and Anisylpropylenes

TOC Graphic

Journal of the American Chemical Society

DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13316

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Uptake kinetics and interaction of selenium species in tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) seedlings

Abstract

Selenite and selenate are two main selenium (Se) forms absorbed by plants. The comparative effects of selenite and/or selenate on Se uptake and translocation in plants in spite of their coexistence in the environment are still unclear. Therefore, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) seedlings were grown in a hydroponic solution with exogenous selenite, selenate, or selenite and selenate mixed, and Se concentrations in shoots, roots, and xylem sap were measured after harvest. Results showed that selenite (> 0.1 mg Se L⁻¹) could cause phytotoxicity more easily than selenate (> 1 mg Se L⁻¹) under hydroponic conditions. And the absorbability rate of tomato to selenate was higher than that to selenite when Se application level was 0.0175–0.2998 mg L⁻¹, while the opposite result was observed in other Se concentrations. More Se accumulated in roots and Se(VI) in the xylem sap decreased when both Se forms supplied. This study demonstrated that the difference between selenite and selenate on Se uptake and translocation in tomatoes depended on exogenous Se concentration. And selenite could inhibit the absorption and translocation of selenate when supplied with both Se forms.

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Emission characteristics for co-combustion of leather wastes, sewage sludge, and coal in a laboratory-scale entrained flow tube furnace

Abstract

Four different mixed fuels consisted of leather waste, coal, and sewage sludge were combusted in a lab-scale entrained flow fluidized bed furnace. The influence of blending ratio on emission characteristics of SO₂, NO_x, HCl, particulate matter (PM), heavy metals, and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) was studied. Results showed that the mixing of coal with sewage sludge had a complex effect on the emission characteristics. On the one hand, with more sewage sludge blending in the mixed fuel, the acid gas pollutant (SO₂, NO_x) decreased a lot, and the recovery of volatile heavy metals (Cd, Pb) increased at the same time. Furthermore, the leaching toxicity of Cr in the fly ash and bottom ash went down below the national standard with the adding of sewage sludge. On the other hand, the mixing of sewage sludge which consisted of more ash content resulted in the increase of the PM emission. Moreover, the high content of Cu and chlorine in the sewage sludge can promote the formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) when the fuel 3 and 4 were combusted. Most importantly, the concentration of toxic PCDD/Fs in the flue gas produced from fuel 3 and fuel 4 was successfully controlled down below 0.20 ng I-TEQ/Nm³ by the active carbon.

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GeM-Pro: a tool for genome functional mining and microbial profiling

Abstract

Gem-Pro is a new tool for gene mining and functional profiling of bacteria. It initially identifies homologous genes using BLAST and then applies three filtering steps to select orthologous gene pairs. The first one uses BLAST score values to identify trivial paralogs. The second filter uses the shared identity percentages of found trivial paralogs as internal witnesses of non-orthology to set orthology cutoff values. The third filtering step uses conditional probabilities of orthology and non-orthology to define new cutoffs and generate supportive information of orthology assignations. Additionally, a subsidiary tool, called q-GeM, was also developed to mine traits of interest using logistic regression (LR) or linear discriminant analysis (LDA) classifiers. q-GeM is more efficient in the use of computing resources than Gem-Pro but needs an initial classified set of homologous genes in order to train LR and LDA classifiers. Hence, q-GeM could be used to analyze new set of strains with available genome sequences, without the need to rerun a complete Gem-Pro analysis. Finally, Gem-Pro and q-GeM perform a synteny analysis to evaluate the integrity and genomic arrangement of specific pathways of interest to infer their presence. The tools were applied to more than 2 million homologous pairs encoded by Bacillus strains generating statistical supported predictions of trait contents. The different patterns of encoded traits of interest were successfully used to perform a descriptive bacterial profiling.

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Identification of novel epitopes targeting non-structural protein 2 of PRRSV using monoclonal antibodies

Abstract

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is leading to huge losses in the swine industry worldwide. Its nonstructural protein 2 (Nsp2), with a cysteine protease domain (PL2), is crucial for virus replication and as a trigger to host innate immune regulation. In this study, three monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to Nsp2, designated 4A12, 4G8, and 8H11, were generated. Subsequently, a sequence of recombinant peptides with partial overlap was utilized to determine the epitopes using these mAbs. We found three novel minimal linear Nsp2 B cell epitopes, ¹⁸⁸ELSDDSNRPV¹⁹⁷, ⁴²HLKRYSPPAE⁵¹, and ⁵⁴CGWHCISA⁶¹, which were identified by the antibodies 4A12, 4G8, and 8H11, respectively. Structure analysis indicates that ⁴²HLKRYSPPAE⁵¹ and ¹⁸⁸ELSDDSNRPV¹⁹⁷ are located separately in hypervariable region 1 and hypervariable region 2 of Nsp2. Interestingly, ⁵⁴CGWHCISA⁶¹ is located in the PL2 region, which is highly conserved in all arteriviruses, particularly at the expected conserved catalytic site at Cys54. Importantly, ⁵⁴CGWHCISA⁶¹ is located in the inner region of the expected 3D structure of Nsp2, which reveals that the epitope is cryptic. These findings not only provide valuable insight for vaccine design and hold diagnostic potential for the identified epitopes, but also reveal a protective mechanism against variation under selective pressure in an important epitope.

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Evaluation of hydrocar efficiency for simultaneous removal of diclofenac and ibuprofen from aqueous system using surface response methodology

Abstract

Parmaceutically active compounds like diclofenac (DFS), ibuprofen (IBP), and other drugs that persist in the environment are listed as emerging contaminants. These escape from normal wastewater treatment plants and find their way to water streams; therefore, alternate treatment processes are needed. Herein, a sorbent material is reported that is prepared throug hydrotermal carbonization from dried fruit powder of Zizipus mauritiana L. (TC-ZM) and applied for simultaneous removal of DFS and IBP. Carbonized material (TC-ZM) was found as agglomerates of approximately 1 μm particle size with surface area of 1160 m²/g having oxygen functional groups (e.g., COO, O, C=O) on surface. Simultaneous removal of IBP and DFS onto TC-ZM was studied using response surface methodology with a set of 18 experiments using factors such as pH, amount of sorbent, contact time, and sorbate concentration. Maximum removal efficiency was obtained 88% and 97% for DFS and for IBP, respectively, with adsorption capacity of 2.03 mmol g⁻¹ for DFS and 2.54 mmol g⁻¹ for IBP. Kinetics modeling and "mean free energy" values predicted that sorption is mainly governed by pysical interactions followed by "pore filling" mechanism for uptake of DFS and IBP.

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Estimation of shadow prices of soil organic carbon depletion and freshwater depletion for use in LCA

Abstract

Purpose

The interpretation of differences between alternative systems in life cycle assessment (LCA) can be problematic when different impact categories point to different directions. Using shadow prices is one way to overcome this problem, as the results are expressed in a monetary value, making comparison easy for decision makers. However, for the International Reference Life Cycle Data System midpoint impact categories 'water depletion' and 'land use', the shadow prices were missing. In the current paper, these were derived from literature sources.

Methods

Abatement-based shadow prices (P_a) were established from the costs of the abatement measures minus the additional benefits. The damage-based shadow price (P_d) was based on the economic damage per unit of impact. Damage to ecosystems or human health was not included, as monetary values were lacking. As a consequence, P_d is an underestimation. P_a prices for land use, based on soil organic carbon (SOC) depletion, were derived from the cost of abatement measures like adding organic matter to agricultural soil or changing tillage. The response of crop yield to SOC, for several countries and crops, was used for the P_d calculation. For water depletion, P_a was based on water saving measures and desalination techniques, and P_d was based on economic losses due to water unavailability.

Results and discussion

The following shadow prices were found for SOC depletion: P_a of 0.10 € kg⁻¹ SOC and P_d of 0.0286 € kg⁻¹ SOC. For water depletion, P_a of 15.8 € m⁻³ eq. was based on replacing turf with less-water-consuming planting. The value of water for irrigation was the base for the P_d 5.17 € m⁻³ eq. Freshwater and SOC P_a values unexpectedly exceeded the P_d values. This originated partly from the methods used. P_d was established by averaging marginal costs, while P_a used the most expensive measure, and this may lead to P_a exceeding P_d. Furthermore, the damage-based P_d for SOC and water depletion was mainly based on crop yield, and other types of ecological or societal damage will exist. Including these damages that lacked reliable data will increase P_d.

Conclusions

The shadow prices presented here are the first science-based global estimates. For LCA, the P_d values should preferably be used. The values are regarded as conservative estimates since only economic damage was included as other damages like ecological damage could not be monetised. The estimated shadow prices were derived for impacts where economic data is relatively scarce, and this limited the quality of the estimates. More extensive studies are needed to further improve the quality of the estimated prices.

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Scientists kick the tires on Trump's plan to tackle HIV

Scientists kick the tires on Trump's plan to tackle HIV

Scientists kick the tires on Trump's plan to tackle HIV, Published online: 06 February 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-00459-5

Eliminating the disease in the US is a worthy goal, researchers say, but many worry that administration policies will make it impossible to achieve.

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l -Cysteine production by metabolically engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum

Abstract

l-Cysteine is a commercially important amino acid. Here, we report the construction of l-cysteine-producing Corynebacterium glutamicum using a metabolic engineering approach. l-Serine O-acetyltransferase (SAT), encoded by cysE gene, is a key enzyme of l-cysteine biosynthesis, because of its feedback inhibition by l-cysteine. Therefore, we introduced a mutation into the C. glutamicum cysE gene, which appeared to desensitize SAT against feedback inhibition by l-cysteine. We successfully produced l-cysteine by overexpressing this mutant cysE gene in C. glutamicum, while the wild-type strain scarcely produced l-cysteine. To enhance the biosynthesis of l-serine (a substrate for SAT), a mutant serA gene, encoding D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase to desensitize it against feedback inhibition by l-serine, was additionally overexpressed in the mutant cysE-overexpressing strain and its l-cysteine production was indeed improved. Moreover, we disrupted the ldh gene encoding l-lactate dehydrogenase and the aecD gene encoding cysteine desulfhydrase to prevent the formation of lactic acid as a by-product and degradation of l-cysteine produced at the stationary phase, respectively, which resulted in enhanced l-cysteine production. However, since the concentration of l-cysteine produced still decreased at the stationary phase despite the aecD disruption, NCgl2463 encoding a possible cystine importer protein was further disrupted to prevent cystine import, because the produced l-cysteine is immediately oxidized to cystine. As a result, the time before the start of the decrease in l-cysteine concentration was successfully prolonged. Approximately 200 mg/L of l-cysteine production was achieved by overexpression of mutant cysE and serA genes and disruption of aecD and NCgl2463 genes in C. glutamicum.

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Psychrophilic lifestyles: mechanisms of adaptation and biotechnological tools

Abstract

Cold-adapted microorganisms inhabiting permanently low-temperature environments were initially just a biological curiosity but have emerged as rich sources of numerous valuable tools for application in a broad spectrum of innovative technologies. To overcome the multiple challenges inherent to life in their cold habitats, these microorganisms have developed a diverse array of highly sophisticated synergistic adaptations at all levels within their cells: from cell envelope and enzyme adaptation, to cryoprotectant and chaperone production, and novel metabolic capabilities. Basic research has provided valuable insights into how these microorganisms can thrive in their challenging habitat conditions and into the mechanisms of action of the various adaptive features employed, and such insights have served as a foundation for the knowledge-based development of numerous novel biotechnological tools. In this review, we describe the current knowledge of the adaptation strategies of cold-adapted microorganisms and the biotechnological perspectives and commercial tools emerging from this knowledge. Adaptive features and, where possible, applications, in relation to membrane fatty acids, membrane pigments, the cell wall peptidoglycan layer, the lipopolysaccharide component of the outer cell membrane, compatible solutes, antifreeze and ice-nucleating proteins, extracellular polymeric substances, biosurfactants, chaperones, storage materials such as polyhydroxyalkanoates and cyanophycins and metabolic adjustments are presented and discussed.

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Categorising without Concepts

Abstract

A strong claim, often found in the literature, is that it is impossible to categorize perceptual properties unless one possesses the related concepts. The evidence from visual perception reviewed in this paper however questions this claim: Concepts, at least canonically defined, are ill-suited to explain perceptual categorisation, which is a fast, and crucially a largely involuntary and unconscious process, which rests on quickly updated probabilistic calculations. I suggest here that perceptual categorisation rests on non-conceptual sorting principles. This changes the claim that categorisation cannot occur without concepts: It does not preclude that the concepts remain necessary for categorisation, but opens the possibility that they are not and that those sorting principles could be here sufficient.

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[ASAP] Acid-Triggered, Acid-Generating, and Self-Amplifying Degradable Polymers

TOC Graphic

Journal of the American Chemical Society

DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b07705

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[ASAP] Breaking Long-Range Order in Iridium Oxide by Alkali Ion for Efficient Water Oxidation

TOC Graphic

Journal of the American Chemical Society

DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11456

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[ASAP] Highly Efficient Fullerene-Free Organic Solar Cells Operate at Near Zero Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital Offsets

TOC Graphic

Journal of the American Chemical Society

DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b12126

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[ASAP] Enzymatically Degassed Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization with Real-Time Monitoring

TOC Graphic

Journal of the American Chemical Society

DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b12072

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[ASAP] Correction to “Hollow Capsules with Multiresponsive Valves for Controlled Enzymatic Reactions”

Journal of the American Chemical Society

DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b00784

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External and internal diameters of the facial artery relevant to intravascular filler injection

Background: Vision loss and skin necrosis caused by an accidental intra-arterial embolism or vascular compression are rare but devastating complications when injecting filler materials into the face. Accurate knowledge of the vascular anatomy of the anterior face is crucial for performing safe cosmetic procedures. Methods: Seventy-two facial arteries were harvested from 41 formalin-embalmed cadavers. After removing connective tissues attached to the arterial wall under stereomicroscope observation, the external and internal diameters and wall thicknesses of the facial artery and its branches were measured at various levels along where the arterial courses on the anterior face. Results: The diameter and thickness of the facial artery exhibited significant interregional differences. The external and internal diameters of the facial artery were 1.9±0.4 and 1.2±0.3 mm (mean±SD), respectively, at the inferior border of the mandible, 1.7±0.3 and 1.2±0.3 mm in the vicinity of the inferior labial artery, 1.5±0.3 and 1.0±0.3 mm at the mouth corner, 1.4±0.3 and 0.9±0.2 mm in the vicinity of the superior labial artery, and 1.1±0.2 and 0.7±0.2 mm in the vicinity of the lateral nasal artery. The external and internal diameters at the proximal parts of the inferior labial artery, superior labial artery, and lateral nasal artery were 1.0±0.3 and 0.6±0.2 mm, 0.9±0.3 and 0.6±0.2 mm, and 0.8±0.2 and 0.5±0.2 mm, respectively. Conclusions: Morphometric examinations of the facial artery under stereomicroscope observation as performed in the present study are expected to be more accurate than direct measurements made during cadaveric dissection or conventional histological evaluations. Financial disclosures: This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (2015R1D1A1A01057983). Ethics: This study conformed to the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki (June 1964) and subsequent amendments. Conflict of interest statement: The authors have no conflicts of interest to report Correspondence to: Wu-Chul Song, MD, PhD, Department of Anatomy, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea, Telephone: +82 2 2030 7819, Fax: +82 2 2030 7845, E-mail: anatomy@konkuk.ac.kr ©2019American Society of Plastic Surgeons

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Inframammary Fold Reconstruction in the Previously Reconstructed Breast: A Comprehensive Review

The inframammary fold (IMF) presents a reconstructive challenge once disrupted during total mastectomy or inadequately restored during breast reconstruction. Various methods of recreating the IMF have been proposed, but reports are generally based on small sample sizes and lack long-term analyses and patient-reported outcomes. We herein review the literature on IMF anatomy and reconstructive techniques, highlighting the need for more critical analysis of methodology to develop more predictable and durable outcomes. Financial Disclosure Statement: The authors have nothing to disclose All authors participated equally in all aspects of the manuscript including preparation, research, editing, and final approval. Corresponding Author: Michael J. Miller, MD, FACS, Professor of Plastic Surgery, Chair, Department of Plastic Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 915 Olentangy River Road, Ste 2100, Columbus, OH 43212, P: (614) 293-9885, F: (614)293-9024, Michael.Miller@osumc.edu ©2019American Society of Plastic Surgeons

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Fenestration Improves Acellular Dermal Matrix Biointegration: An Investigation of Revascularization with Photoacoustic Microscopy.

Background: Acellular dermal matrices (ADMs) have revolutionized alloplastic breast reconstruction. Furthering our knowledge of ADM biointegration will allow for improved design of these biomaterials. The ideal ADM for breast reconstruction would provide durable soft tissue augmentation while undergoing rapid biointegration to promote physiologic elasticity and reduced infectious complications. The inclusion of fenestrations in the design of ADMs is thought to promote the process of biointegration; however, the mechanisms underlying this theory have not been evaluated. Methods: Biointegration of standard and fenestrated ADMs was assessed with serial photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) imaging, in a murine dorsal skin-fold window chamber model that is specifically designed to recapitulate the microenvironment of ADM–assisted alloplastic breast reconstruction. PAM allows for a serial, real-time noninvasive assessment of hemoglobin content and oxygen saturation in living tissues; generating high-resolution, three-dimensional maps of the nascent microvasculature within ADMs. Confirmatory histology and immunohistochemical assessments were performed at the terminal time point. Results: Fenestrated ADMs demonstrated increased fibroblast and macrophage lineage host cell infiltration, greater mean percent surface area vascular penetration (21% vs 11%, p=0.08), and greater mean oxygen saturation (13.5% vs 6.9%, p

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Mythbusting the DIEP Flap and An Introduction to the Abdominal Perforator Exchange (APEX) Breast Reconstruction Technique: A Single-Surgeon Retrospective Review

Background: Anatomic variations in perforator arrangement may impair the surgeon's ability to effectively avoid rectus muscle transection without impairing flap perfusion in the DIEP flap. Methods: A single surgeon's experience was reviewed with consecutive patients undergoing bilateral abdominal perforator flap breast reconstruction over 6 years, incorporating flap standardization, pedicle disassembly, and algorithmic vascular rerouting when necessary. Unilateral reconstructions were excluded to allow for uniform comparison of operative times and donor site outcomes. 364 flaps in 182 patients were analyzed. Operative details, and conversion rates from DIEP to APEX arms of the algorithm were collected. Patients with standardized DIEP flaps served as the controlling comparison group and outcomes were compared to those who underwent "APEX" (Abdominal Perforator Exchange) conversion. Results: APEX conversion rate from planned DIEP was 41.5%. Mean additional operative time to employ APEX pedicle disassembly was 34 minutes per flap. Early postsurgical complications were of low incidence and similar among the groups. 1 DIEP flap failed and there were no APEX failures. 1 abdominal bulge occurred in the DIEP group. There were no abdominal hernias in either group. Fat necrosis rates (2.4% APEX/3.4%DIEP) were significantly lower than that historically reported for both TRAM and DIEP flaps. Conclusions: This study revealed no added risk when employing pedicle disassembly to spare muscle/nerve structure during abdominal perforator flap harvest. Abdominal bulge/hernia was nearly completely eliminated. Fat necrosis rates were extremely low, suggesting benefit to pedicle disassembly and vascular routing exchange when required. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. Financial Disclosure Statement: None of the authors has a financial interest in any of the products, devices, or drugs mentioned in this manuscript. No funding was received for this article. Presented at: The 4th Annual London Breast Meeting, Royal College of Physicians Regents Park, London, UK September 8, 2017 and the American Society for Reconstructive Microsurgery Annual Scientific Meeting, Phoenix, AZ January 15, 2017. Corresponding Author: Frank J. DellaCroce, MD, FACS, Center For Restorative Breast Surgery, Dept. Plastic Surgery, 1717 St. Charles Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70130, Fax: (504) 899-2700, Phone: (504) 899-2800, Email: fjdellacroce@gmail.com / drd@breastcenter.com ©2019American Society of Plastic Surgeons

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Fat Grafting into Younger Recipients Improves Volume Retention in an Animal Model

Background: Soft tissue deficits associated with various craniofacial anomalies can be addressed by fat grafting, although outcomes remain unpredictable. Furthermore, consensus does not exist for timing of these procedures. While some advocate approaching soft tissue reconstruction after the underlying skeletal foundation has been corrected, other studies have suggested earlier grafting may exploit a younger recipient niche that is more conducive for fat graft survival. As there is a dearth of research investigating effects of recipient age on fat graft volume retention, this study compared the effectiveness of fat grafting in younger versus older animals through a longitudinal, in vivo analysis. Methods: Human lipoaspirate from three healthy female donors was grafted subcutaneously over the calvarium of immunocompromised mice. Volume retention over 8 weeks was evaluated using micro-computed tomography in three experimental ages – 3-weeks old, 6-months old, and 1-year old. Histology was performed on explanted grafts to evaluate graft health and vascularity. Recipient site vascularity was also evaluated by confocal microscopy. Results: Greatest retention of fat graft volume was noted in the youngest group compared to both older groups (*p

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“Asian Blepharoplasty and the Eyelid Crease”, 3rd edition

No abstract available

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Facial Reconstruction after Mohs Surgery.

No abstract available

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Optimizing Perforator Selection: A Multivariable Analysis of Predictors for Fat Necrosis and Abdominal Morbidity in DIEP Flap Breast Reconstruction.

No abstract available

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Structural Gender-Dimorphism and the Biomechanics of the Gluteal Subcutaneous Tissue – Implications for the Pathophysiology of Cellulite

Objective: To investigate gender differences in gluteal subcutaneous architecture and biomechanics to better understand the pathophysiology underlying the mattress-like appearance of cellulite. Materials and Methods: 10 males and 10 female body donors (mean age: 76 ± 16.47 years; range: 36–92 years; mean BMI: 25.27 ± 6.24 kg/m2; range: 16.69-40.76) were used to generate full-thickness longitudinal and transverse gluteal slices. In the superficial and deep fatty layers, fat lobule number, height, and width were investigated. The force needed to cause septal breakage between the dermis and superficial fascia was measured using biomechanical testing. Results: Increased age was significantly related to decreased dermal thickness, independent of gender (OR 0.997, 95% CI [0.996 – 0.998], p

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Fill the acquired contour deformities

No abstract available

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Discussion: Management of High Output Chyle Leak After Harvesting of Vascularized Lymph Node Transfer

No abstract available

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Optimizing Perforator Selection in DIEP Flap Breast Reconstruction

No abstract available

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Seawater intrusion vulnerability in the coastal aquifers of southern India—an appraisal of the GALDIT model, parameters’ sensitivity, and hydrochemical indicators

Abstract

An appraisal of seawater intrusion into the coastal aquifers is one of the major issues for groundwater resource management. The GALDIT model applies to the analysis of multiple parameters using systematic GIS techniques for mapping and assessment of seawater intrusion vulnerability. It demarcates the mapping of potential vulnerability that shows a higher vulnerability to seawater intrusion in various parts of the coast and the estimated vulnerability index value of 7.50 and 9.64. An area of 33.0 km² spread in the low-lying coastal area comprising estuaries, salt marshes, and saltpans shows the high vulnerability condition with an estimated vulnerability value of 6.42–7.50. An area of 73.20 km² spread over coastal and alluvial plains experiences moderate vulnerability (temporal salinity in the groundwater sources) with an estimated vulnerability index value of 5.46–6.42. Aquifers underlying coastal uplands (hard rock formations) and some parts of accretionary beaches (2.05 km²) are relatively protected fresh groundwater sources, wherein the estimated vulnerability index is 4.55–5.46. The vulnerability mapping of the GALDIT model using hydrochemical analysis of primary groundwater parameters such as TDS, Cl⁻, HCO₃, and Cl⁻/HCO₃ ratio is validated. Higher concentration of TDS (2637–4162 mg/l) and Cl⁻ (1268–2347 mg/l) is taken for the areas falling under higher vulnerability to seawater intrusion, especially in the placer mining sites and coastal areas facing erosion. Similarly, the groundwater sources of the low-lying areas including estuaries, salt marshes, saltpans, and backwater were noted to have higher values of Cl⁻/HCO₃ with a rationality of 9.87–12.18. Hydrological facies shows the highest concentration of NaCl in the groundwater sources within the proximity of eroded beaches, saltwater bodies, and sand mining areas. A hydrochemical facies evolution (HFE) diagram represents the hydrochemical facies of groundwater elements that shows an intrusion of seawater into the coastal aquifers underlying the very high vulnerable zones. Higher bicarbonate concentration (233–318 mg/l) is noticed in the upland areas and some parts of dunes and accreted beaches, sandy coasts, and uplands. Vulnerability analysis reveals that those areas near saltwater bodies and eroding coasts are prone to lateral and vertical diffusion of saltwater. The geodatabase developed through such modeling studies can help in planning and developing activities for sustainable groundwater resource management in coastal areas.

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Contamination status and potential release of trace metals in a mangrove forest sediment in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Abstract

Can Gio district is located in the coastal area of Ho Chi Minh City, southern Vietnam. Discharge of wastewater from Ho Chi Minh City and neighboring provinces to the rivers of Can Gio has led to concerns about the accumulation of trace metals (As, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in the coastal sediments. The main objective of this study was to assess the distribution of As, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn in surface and core sediments and to evaluate the contamination status in relation to local background values, as well as the potential release of these selected trace metals from sediments to the water environment. Sediment characteristization, including determination of fine fraction, pH, organic matter, and major elements (Al, Fe, Ca, K, Mg, and S), was carried out to investigate which parameters affect the trace metal enrichment. Fine fraction and Al contents were found to be the controlling proxies affecting the distribution of trace metals while other sediment characteristics did not show any clear influence on trace metals' distribution. Although As concentrations in the sediments were much higher compared to its reference value in other areas, the enrichment factor based on local background values suggests minor contamination of this element as well as for Cr, Cu, and Pb. Risk assessment suggested a medium to very high risk of Mn, Zn, and Ni under acidification. Of importance is also that trace metals in sediments were not easily mobilized by organic complexation based on their low extractabilities by ammonium-EDTA extraction.

from Energy Ecology Environment Ambio via Terpsi Hori on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2HXKzrz

Dietary Intake of Cadmium, Chromium, Copper, Nickel, and Lead through the Consumption of Meat, Liver, and Kidney and Assessment of Human Health Risk in Birjand, Southeast of Iran

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the mean concentration of cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb) in the meat and offal of cow and sheep. Also, the estimated daily intake (EDI) and health risk of these metals were calculated. Analysis of metals was undertaken by the use of an inductively coupled plasma-optic emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). All samples were contaminated with all metals. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed a clear differentiation of cow and sheep in both the kidney and liver samples. In the liver and kidney, level of Cd, Cu, and Pb were positively correlated. The highest target hazard quotients (THQs) were calculated for Pb. Cd level in cow kidney had the highest carcinogenic rate (CR). Although, hazard index (HI) was lower than one, consumption of muscle especially in children should be noticed in both national and international consumers due to higher level of HI.

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Scientists kick the tires on Trump's plan to tackle HIV

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Enhancement in combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with diesel, biodiesel, and its blends by using nanoadditive

Abstract

This article presents the results of investigations carried out to evaluate the improvement in combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with neat petro-diesel (PD), soybean biodiesel (SB), and 50% SB blended PD (PD50SB) by using carbon nanotube (CNT) as an additive. The acid–alkaline-based transesterification process with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as a catalyst was applied to derive the methyl ester of SB. A mass fraction of 100 ppm CNT nanoparticle was blended with base fuels by using an ultrasonicator and the physiochemical properties were measured based on EN standards. The measured physiochemical properties are in good agreement with standard limits. The experimental evaluations were carried out under varying brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) conditions in a single-cylinder, four-stroke, and natural aspirated research diesel engine at a constant speed of 1500 rpm. The results reveal that the SB and its blend promote shorter ignition delay period (IDP) that is resulting in lower in-cylinder pressure (ICP) and net heat release rate (NHR) compared to PD. The SB and its blend increase the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), and reduce the brake specific energy consumption (BSEC) and exhaust gas temperature (EGT), due to lower heating value, and efficient combustion, respectively. As far as the emission characteristics are concerned, the SB and its blend promote lower magnitude of hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and smoke emissions compared to PD except for oxides of nitrogen (NO_x) emission. The CNT nanoparticle inclusion with base fuels significantly improves the combustion, performance, and emissions level irrespective of engine load conditions.

from Energy Ecology Environment Ambio via Terpsi Hori on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2TB7JoS

Biodegradation of polyacrylic and polyester polyurethane coatings by enriched microbial communities

Abstract

Microbial communities are more effective in degrading natural polymers and xenobiotics than pure cultures. Biodegradation of polyacrylic and polyurethane polymers by bacterial and fungal strains has been addressed, but limited information about their biodegradation by microbial communities exists. The aim of this work was to evaluate the ability of three enriched microbial communities (BP1h, BP3h, and BP7h), selected from deteriorated foam pieces collected in a landfill, to biodegrade the polyacrylic component of the 2K-PU coating Bayhydrol® A2470 and the polyester polyurethane coating NeoRez™ R-9637. Two communities were further selected to quantify extracellular esterase, protease, and urease activities, to identify their taxonomic composition, and to analyze the ability of their isolated members to grow in those polymers. The growth of the three communities was larger in polyester polyurethane than in polyacrylic and their biodegradative activities affected ester, urethane, ether, aromatic, and aliphatic groups of the compounds present in the coatings. From all the communities growing in polyacrylic or in polyester polyurethane, two and five different types of colonies were isolated, respectively. In polyacrylic, extracellular esterase and protease activities were at their maximum level at 7 days of culture, whereas in polyester polyurethane, protease and urease were greatest at 21 days. All the isolated community members were identified as xenobiotics degraders. The complete communities grew better in media with the polymers than the isolated members. This is one of the few studies reporting biodegradation of synthetic polymers by microbial communities and serves as basis for developing synthetic consortia with enhanced degradative abilities.

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PET scans reveal women’s brains appear 3 years younger than men’s

Despite each gender's brain achieving the same chronological age, men's brains start adulthood about three years older than women's, meaning their brains do not age faster, but are metabolically older than women's, senior author Manu Goyal, MD, assistant professor of radiology at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, explained in a prepared statement. "We're just starting to understand how various sex-related factors might affect the trajectory of brain aging and how that ...

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BLOG: How Advanced X-Ray Systems Help Meet Outpatient Challenges

"We try to get our patients in and out of X-ray as quick as possible so that doctors can make their plans to take care of them," said Shelby Morris, TOC's radiology supervisor. Underscoring the importance of fast and effective outpatient imaging is a trend toward imaging in outpatient clinics. The Advisory Board reported in an executive research briefing December 12, 2017 that new payer and patient preferences are increasing pressure to place imaging services in freestanding facilities. Th...

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Weighing in on the AI Renaissance in Medtech

Roughly eight years ago, IBM's Watson super computer bested several master Jeopardy contestants. The event is quite arguably a focal point in the Artificial Intelligence Renaissance that's having such a profound impact on healthcare today. The event also prompted Anthony Chang, M.D. to return to school and get a better understanding of artificial intelligence. The Watson event was an incredible moment for Chang and was the catalyst for a personal transformation. "I had always been inter...

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New Hospital Named Carondelet Marana Hospital

Carondelet Marana Hospital will focus on providing emergency care and select inpatient procedures. It will include a 14-bed emergency department, two operating rooms and eight inpatient rooms, along with additional outpatient services. The hospital's ED will be open 24/7 and staffed by board-certified emergency physicians. Additional planned services will include a laboratory and diagnostic imaging including X-ray, computed tomography and ultrasound. Located on a 3.5-acre site, the 32,5...

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Gore introduces GORE TAG Conformable Thoracic Stent Graft with reduced profiles in Europe

The reduced profile allows physicians to perform TEVAR in patients with smaller vessels where access is challenging and aortic anatomy is tortuous, expanding the availability of Gore's thoracic stent graft to a greater population of patients. The GORE TAG Conformable Thoracic Stent Graft was modified to reduce the delivery profile of the 31, 37, and 40mm device diameters by two Fr for all lengths. The reduction in profile, through the use of a smaller diameter primary sleeve, is the only c...

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Latest data from Philips reinforces the safety profile of Stellarex low-dose DCB

Sean Lyden, chairman of the Department of Vascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic (Cleveland, USA), presented these data at 2019 Leipzig Interventional Course (LINC; 22–25 January, Leipzig, Germany) during a symposium focusing on the long-term safety of drug-eluting technologies in the leg. This latest data contrasts the findings of Katsanos et al's summary-level meta-analysis published in December 2018 reporting an increased risk of death at two and five years following the use of paclitaxel-c...

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Ensuring that Plastic Devices Can Withstand Rigorous Disinfecting Procedures

To try to stem the increasing incidences of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), hospitals are stepping up their disinfecting protocols on medical devices. But these more-stringent practices that may use either stronger chemicals, or the more frequent use of them, or maybe both, could have harmful effects on some plastic devices, causing them to break, crack, or degrade prematurely. Manufacturers need to understand, from the design stage forward, how their products will be cleaned and the...

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A NEW GENERATION CONQUERS THE DESERT.

With an ardent look of concentration, the driver steers over gravel, rocks, and sand. From the driver's seat, the slope that he needs to drive the ambulance over still looks extremely steep, and the seats become uncomfortable to sit on long before the tipping point is reached. One of the front wheels loses grip, and there is a brief pause before the all-wheel-drive kicks in, and the vehicle moves forward with a powerful shove before righting itself. Mohamed Mahmoud translates the words of the...

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Medtronic Recalls Synergy Cranial Software and Stealth Station S7 Cranial Software

Medtronic is recalling the Synergy Cranial Software and StealthStation S7 Cranial Software used with the StealthStation Surgical Navigation System due to reports of incorrect information displaying during biopsy procedures. The company said this could result in serious or life-threatening patient harm. The Synergy Cranial Software and StealthStation S7 Cranial Software, used with the StealthStation Surgical Navigation System, provides detailed three-dimensional (3-D) images of a patient's ...

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Biotronik introduces the first tri-axial 4F low-profile stent system

The Pulsar-18 T3 system is a unique combination of three technologies for an improved implantation procedure, a company press release states. The 4F low profile decreases the risk of access site complications and reduces the need for closure devices compared to 6F, while the tri-axial shaft design facilitates stable and accurate implantation of the clinically proven Pulsar stent. The intuitive and ergonomic wheel-operated handle simplifies handling during the procedure for physicians. The ...

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Canon Medical Systems Launches Alphenix Interventional Imaging Line

Canon Medical Systems USA recently introduced its next generation of interventional systems – the Alphenix platform. The new flagship platform of systems incorporates all-new features that enable clinicians to deliver images with clarity and precision without compromising workflow and while prioritizing low dose. With the launch of the Alphenix family, Canon Medical is also unveiling its new Alphenix Hi-Def Detector (High-Definition Flat Panel Detector), which is available on the all-new A...

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Silver Oaks Behavior Hospital in Chicago Suburb Complete

Reed was selected in 2017 by US HealthVest and Silver Cross Hospital as the construction manager and general contractor for the project; GLMV Architecture served as architect. The project consisted of a six-acre land development and construction of a new, two-story 67,000-square-foot hospital. The hospital's interior includes a mix of 54 private and semi-private patient rooms, nurse stations, activity rooms, group rooms and exercise rooms. The interior construction also included the build-...

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Artificial Intelligence Accelerates Chest X-Ray Analysis

Developed by researchers at King's College London (KCL; United Kingdom), the University of Warwick (Coventry, United Kingdom), and other institutions, the AI system was developed using 470,388 fully anonymized institutional adult chest radiographs acquired from 2007 to 2017. The accompanying radiology reports were pre-processed using an in-house natural language processing (NLP) system modeling radiologic language, which analyzed the free-text reports to prioritize each radiograph as critical...

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Skanska Builds New Medical Center in Cincinnati

The contract is worth $35 million. The three-story, 97,000-square-foot expansion of the Western Ridge Medical Center will accommodate primary care doctors and expanded cancer services, including radiation oncology and an infusion center. Physician's offices in the medical office building include primary care, cancer, heart, endocrinology and cosmetic surgery. The architect on the project is GBBN Architects. Construction services started in December 2017, and the project is expected to...

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Real-World Data on Medtronic's Lung Cancer Device Is Promising

Recently published results of a large, multicenter trial could go a long way toward boosting adoption of electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (ENB) procedures using Medtronic's superDimension navigation system to aid in lung cancer diagnosis, staging, and treatment. The 12-month results of the NAVIGATE study were published in the Journal of Thoracic Oncology. "It's not enough anymore to just make a really amazing new technology, it has to be backed with clinical and economic evidence an...

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Ground Broken for Anschutz Health Sciences Building

ZGF, in partnership with Anderson Mason Dale, is designing the seven-story, 390,914-square-foot interdisciplinary building on a gateway site at the western edge of the CU Anschutz Medical Campus in Aurora, Colorado. The building serves as a beacon, marking an entry point to the campus via the "artwalk" – a path connecting many campus buildings. The building program supports multiple users, including researchers, faculty and staff, students and patients, and includes facilities for computation...

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Biomedical researchers from minority groups fail to land tenure-track positions

Biomedical researchers from minority groups fail to land tenure-track positions

Biomedical researchers from minority groups fail to land tenure-track positions, Published online: 06 February 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-00351-2

Low proportions could be the result of a reluctance to apply or to discrimination.

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Sizzling interest in lab-grown meat belies lack of basic research

Sizzling interest in lab-grown meat belies lack of basic research

Sizzling interest in lab-grown meat belies lack of basic research, Published online: 06 February 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-00373-w

'Clean meat' firms have drawn tens of millions of dollars in investment in recent years, but technical hurdles remain.

from A via a.sfakia on Inoreader https://go.nature.com/2SgbzqM

Genomic focus brings tea research to the boil

Genomic focus brings tea research to the boil

Genomic focus brings tea research to the boil, Published online: 06 February 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-00400-w

Genetic manipulation and innovative breeding techniques are paving the way to new tea varieties.

from A via a.sfakia on Inoreader https://go.nature.com/2UFbOs4

Tumours use a metabolic twist to make lipids

Tumours use a metabolic twist to make lipids

Tumours use a metabolic twist to make lipids, Published online: 06 February 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-00352-1

To survive and divide, cancer cells need a constant supply of lipid molecules called monounsaturated fatty acids. Tumours can achieve this by an unsuspected route that harnesses a metabolic pathway also used in hair follicles.

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Culturing better tea research

Culturing better tea research

Culturing better tea research, Published online: 06 February 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-00396-3

International efforts to enhance the quality of tea are falling short of their potential — mainly because of the way that research is conducted in countries that dominate tea production.

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How climate change might affect tea

How climate change might affect tea

How climate change might affect tea, Published online: 06 February 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-00399-0

Changes in temperature and rainfall patterns can affect the growing season, flavour and health benefits of tea.

from A via a.sfakia on Inoreader https://go.nature.com/2UNACOX

Fate and future climatic role of polar ice sheets

Fate and future climatic role of polar ice sheets

Fate and future climatic role of polar ice sheets, Published online: 06 February 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-00330-7

Mass loss from the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets is accelerating as a result of rising global temperatures. Two studies explore how this mass loss will affect sea level and other aspects of the climate in the future.

from A via a.sfakia on Inoreader https://go.nature.com/2WNMEtw

Directionality of dynein is controlled by the angle and length of its stalk

Directionality of dynein is controlled by the angle and length of its stalk

Directionality of dynein is controlled by the angle and length of its stalk, Published online: 06 February 2019; doi:10.1038/s41586-019-0914-z

The motility of dynein towards the minus end of the microtubule is controlled by the length and angle of the coiled-coil stalk that connects the motor to the microtubule.

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The history of distant worlds, a clear eye on renewables and environmental lessons from a tiger’s tale: Books in brief

The history of distant worlds, a clear eye on renewables and environmental lessons from a tiger's tale: Books in brief

The history of distant worlds, a clear eye on renewables and environmental lessons from a tiger's tale: Books in brief, Published online: 06 February 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-00444-y

Barbara Kiser reviews five of the week's best science picks.

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The experiment

The experiment

The experiment, Published online: 06 February 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-00449-7

A bid for freedom.

from A via a.sfakia on Inoreader https://go.nature.com/2ULGFU5

Daily briefing: Hummingbirds are tiny, gorgeous, aggressive war-machines

Daily briefing: Hummingbirds are tiny, gorgeous, aggressive war-machines

Daily briefing: Hummingbirds are tiny, gorgeous, aggressive war-machines, Published online: 06 February 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-00507-0

Although they be but little, they are fierce. Plus: the gruelling and controversial study of how many people perish in conflicts and disasters, and why some scientists choose to forgo promising careers abroad and head home.

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Giant impact might have shaped a distant world

Giant impact might have shaped a distant world

Giant impact might have shaped a distant world, Published online: 06 February 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-00404-6

A smash-up in space could underlie the origins of an odd exoplanet couple.

from A via a.sfakia on Inoreader https://go.nature.com/2SscyDG

We need to talk about systematic fraud

We need to talk about systematic fraud

We need to talk about systematic fraud, Published online: 06 February 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-00439-9

Software that uncovers suspicious papers will do little for a community that does not confront organized research fraud, says Jennifer Byrne.

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Bigger is better in virtual drug screens

Bigger is better in virtual drug screens

Bigger is better in virtual drug screens, Published online: 06 February 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-00145-6

A system has been devised that computationally screens hundreds of millions of drug candidates — all of which can be made on demand — against biological targets. This could help to make drug discovery more efficient.

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