Association between preferred chewing side and dynamic occlusal parameters

Journal of International Medical Research, Ahead of Print.


from A via a.sfakia on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2IqcVuO

Diagnostic reference levels for 18F‐FDG whole body PET/CT procedures: Results from a survey of 12 centres in Australia and New Zealand

Abstract

Introduction

The aim of this work is to report diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) for hybrid positron emission tomography and x‐ray computed tomography (PET/CT) exams in Australia (AU) for Queensland (QLD) and Western Australia (WA) (AU QLD/WA) and New Zealand (NZ).

Methods

Two‐structured booklets were designed to collect dose information, patient demographics, equipment details and acquisition protocols for fluoride‐18 fluorodeoxyglucose (¹⁸F‐FDG) PET/CT procedures, and any additional diagnostic CT routinely performed as part of ¹⁸F‐FDG whole‐body examination. The DRL was reported based on the 75^th percentile and achievable dose for ¹⁸F‐FDG, CT dose index volume (CTDI_vol) and dose length product (DLP). The effective dose and total effective dose was reported for ¹⁸F‐FDG whole‐body PET/CT examination. Also, the effective dose was reported separately for identified additional diagnostic CT.

Results

The findings of this study show that the current DRL for ¹⁸F‐FDG in AU QLD/WA and NZ was 333.75 MBq and 332.87 MBq, respectively. The reported AU QLD/WA CTDI_vol and DLP associated with ¹⁸F‐FDG whole‐body PET/CT examinations from vertex to thigh (VT) was 4.41 mGy and 474 mGy.cm. In NZ, the reported VT CTDI_vol and DLP was 13.07 mGy and 1319.05 mGy.cm. The effective dose for ¹⁸F‐FDG and CT component was 5.6 mSv and 4.7 mSv for AU QLD/WA. For NZ, the effective dose was 5.7 mSv and 10.9 mSv for ¹⁸F‐FDG and CT component. The total effective dose delivered from the ¹⁸F‐FDG whole‐body scan from the AU QLD/WA PET/CT centres (10.44 mSv) were lower than the radiation doses delivered from the NZ (16.65 mSv).

Conclusions

The current DRLs were proposed for AU QLD/WA and NZ for ¹⁸F‐FDG whole‐body PET/CT examinations. Variations existed in the current practice of AU QLD/WA and NZ PET/CT examinations. There is a need to optimize the radiation doses delivered from PET/CT examinations.

from A via a.sfakia on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2NaGbnR

[ASAP] Fluorinated Aromatic Monomers as Building Blocks To Control a-Peptoid Conformation and Structure

Journal of the American Chemical Society

DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13498

from A via a.sfakia on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2X8hih1

Influence of lncRNA MALAT1 on septic lung injury in mice through p38 MAPK/p65 NF-κB pathway

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of long non-coding ribonucleic acid (lncRNA) metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) on septic lung injury in mice and its mechanism, so as to provide references for the clinical prevention and treatment of septic lung injury in the future.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 60 male C57 mice were randomly divided into Control group (n=20), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group (n=20), and LPS+MALAT1 siRNA group (n=20) using a random number table. The mouse model of septic lung injury was established via intraperitoneal injection of LPS (10 mg/kg), and the MALAT1 knockdown model was established via tail intravenous injection of MALAT1 siRNA. After 12 h, the lung was taken to measure the wet weight/dry weight ratio. Also, the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in lung tissues was detected. The number of neutrophils and macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was detected via bronchoalveolar lavage. Moreover, the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and IL-6, in lung tissues were detected via Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Finally, the expression level of p38 in lung tissues was detected via immunohistochemical staining, and the expressions of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/p65 nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway-related proteins in lung tissues of mice were detected via Western blotting.

RESULTS: The expression of lncRNA MALAT1 in lung tissues of mice with septic lung injury was significantly increased (p<0.05). After knockdown of lncRNA MALAT1, the LPS-induced pathological injury of lungs could be improved, and the wet weight/dry weight ratio of lungs could be reduced (p<0.05). Compared with those in LPS group, the total number of inflammatory cells and the number of neutrophils and macrophages in BALF were significantly decreased in LPS+MALAT1 siRNA group (p<0.05), and the levels of inflammatory cytokines were also significantly inhibited (p<0.05). The immunohistochemical results manifested that the knockdown of lncRNA MALAT1 could inhibit the LPS-induced up-regulation of p38 in lung tissues in mice. According to the results of Western blotting, the p38 MAPK/p65 NF-κB signaling pathway was significantly activated in lung tissues in LPS group (p<0.05), while it was significantly suppressed after inhibition on lncRNA MALAT1 (p<0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: The knockdown of lncRNA MALAT1 can significantly improve the septic lung injury in mice, whose mechanism may be related to its inhibition on the p38 MAPK/p65 NF-κB signaling pathway.

L'articolo Influence of lncRNA MALAT1 on septic lung injury in mice through p38 MAPK/p65 NF-κB pathway sembra essere il primo su European Review.

from A via a.sfakia on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2Gy2CDd

[ASAP] Highly Efficient Photo- and Electroluminescence from Two-Coordinate Cu(I) Complexes Featuring Nonconventional N-Heterocyclic Carbenes

Journal of the American Chemical Society

DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b12397

from A via a.sfakia on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2SBO8IS

[ASAP] Nickel-catalyzed Enantioselective Hydroarylation and Hydroalkenylation of Styrenes

Journal of the American Chemical Society

DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13524

from A via a.sfakia on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2Gs4LA3

[ASAP] Strong and Confined Acids Enable a Catalytic Asymmetric Nazarov Cyclization of Simple Divinyl Ketones

Journal of the American Chemical Society

DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13899

from A via a.sfakia on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2IieUB7

Effects of channel morphology on nitrate retention in a headwater agricultural stream in Lake Chaohu Basin, China

Abstract

Five field tracer experiments and relevant detailed investigations of physical characterizations were conducted to investigate the effects of channel geomorphic settings on nitrate uptake efficiency on a 310-m long geomorphically distinct stream reach in a headwater agricultural stream in Hefei District, Lake Chaohu Basin. The model-fitted parameters from the one-dimensional transport with inflow and storage model were used to estimate the transient storage metric ( \( {F}_{\mathrm{med}}^{200} \) ) and determine the total nitrate uptake coefficient (k) for the study reach. And then, a nutrient spiraling approach was applied to reach-scale nitrate uptake estimates (S_w, V_f, and U). The results showed that the main channel was the major contributor to nitrate uptake retention, and the higher geomorphic complexity might result in better nitrate uptake efficiency. The partial least squares regression (PLSR) analysis showed strong correlations between the independent variables as geomorphic settings, Reynolds number and transient storage, and the dependent variables as nitrate uptake metrics, which further underscored the importance of stream physical characteristics on measurement of stream nitrate uptake.

from Energy Ecology Environment Ambio via Terpsi Hori on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2DJMieE

A novel nano zero-valent iron biomaterial for chromium (Cr 6+ to Cr 3+ ) reduction

Abstract

This research work aims to develop a biomaterial entrapped with iron nanoparticles by green synthesis method in which biomass act as both reducing and capping agent. Iron nanoparticles embedded in Citrus limetta peels were characterised using ICP-MS for determination of metal loading, XRD, XPS for crystallinity and oxidation states, TEM followed by FESEM-EDS for particle size and morphology. Sizes of nanoparticles were found to be in the range of 4–70 nm. Batch experiments were conducted to study the effect of different parameters such as contact time, amount of biomaterial and volume of chromium(VI) solution for 2500 mg L⁻¹ of Cr(VI). Complete reduction was attained for a contact time of 5 min with 1.5 g of biomaterial for initial concentration of 2500 mg L⁻¹. The experimental results inferred that 1 g of biomaterial completely reduced 33 mg of hexavalent Cr to trivalent Cr. XRD and XPS revealed that iron nanoparticles are in amorphous form while XPS confirms Fe⁰ state. The transition of Fe⁰ to Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ during the treatment with chromium solution confirms the reduction of Cr⁶⁺ to Cr³⁺.

from Energy Ecology Environment Ambio via Terpsi Hori on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2SBHan1

Depression, anxiety-like behavior, and memory impairment in mice exposed to chitosan-coated zein nanoparticles

Abstract

The advent of biotechnology provided the synthesis of nanoproducts with diverse applications in the field of medicine, agriculture, food, among others. However, the toxicity of many nanoparticles (NP) currently used, which can penetrate natural systems and impact organisms, is not known. Thus, in this study, we evaluated whether the short exposure (5 days) to low concentrations of chitosan-coated zein nanoparticles (ZNP-CS) (0.2 ng/kg, 40 ng/kg, and 400.00 ng/kg) was capable of causing behavioral alterations compatible with cognitive deficit, as well as anxiety and depression-like behavior in Swiss mice. However, we observed an anxiogenic effect in the animals exposed to the highest ZNP-CS concentration (400.00 ng/kg), without locomotor alterations suggestive of sedation or hyperactivity in the elevated plus maze (EPM) test. We also observed that the ZNP-CS caused depressive-like behavior, indicated by the longer immobile time in the tail suspension test and the animals exposed to ZNP-CS presented deficit in recognition of the new object, not related to locomotor alteration in this test. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the neurotoxicity of ZNP in a mammal animal model, contributing to the biological safety assessment of these nanocomposites.

from Energy Ecology Environment Ambio via Terpsi Hori on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2DGaezA

Daily briefing: How one academic couple solved the two-body problem

Daily briefing: How one academic couple solved the two-body problem

Daily briefing: How one academic couple solved the two-body problem, Published online: 15 February 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-00603-1

Juggling two careers and a child, how broken sleep promotes cardiovascular disease, and why we're about to see a lot more gravitational waves.

from A via a.sfakia on Inoreader https://go.nature.com/2N7fIaJ

Antarctic voyage will explore ocean hidden under ice for 100,000 years

Antarctic voyage will explore ocean hidden under ice for 100,000 years

Antarctic voyage will explore ocean hidden under ice for 100,000 years, Published online: 15 February 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-00588-x

Scientists on board German research icebreaker Polarstern hope to observe underwater ecosystem changing in real-time.

from A via a.sfakia on Inoreader https://go.nature.com/2DHMYkx

Hungary’s scientists outraged by government budget grab

Hungary's scientists outraged by government budget grab

Hungary's scientists outraged by government budget grab, Published online: 15 February 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-00586-z

Innovation ministry's decision to issue grant call using money meant for Hungarian Academy of Sciences' operations sparks protests.

from A via a.sfakia on Inoreader https://go.nature.com/2DJwMPW

Perianal sepsis: surgical perspective and practical MRI reporting for radiologists

Abstract

This article describes the development of a structured MRI reporting template and diagrammatic worksheet for perianal sepsis through collaboration between radiologists and colorectal surgeons at our institution, and the rationale behind each component of the worksheet. Benefits of this reporting worksheet include optimizing communication of key imaging findings that have a real impact on patient management, less time spent on reporting the study, and easier comparison between studies. We illustrate the utility of the report template with case studies. We summarize the current surgical approaches to perianal sepsis to help radiologists focus on reporting the findings relevant to surgical planning.

from A via a.sfakia on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2trtw6M

Daily briefing: How one academic couple solved the two-body problem

from A via a.sfakia on Inoreader https://go.nature.com/2GKTOJh

Detection of outliers in pollutant emissions from the Soto de Ribera coal-fired power plant using functional data analysis: a case study in northern Spain

Abstract

For more than a century, air pollution has been one of the most important environmental problems in cities. Pollution is a threat to human health and is responsible for many deaths every year all over the world. This paper deals with the topic of functional outlier detection. Functional analysis is a novel mathematical tool employed for the recognition of outliers. This methodology is applied here to the emissions of a coal-fired power plant. This research uses two different methods, called functional high-density region (HDR) boxplot and functional bagplot. Please note that functional bagplots were developed using bivariate bagplots as a starting point. Indeed, they are applied to the first two robust principal component scores. Both methodologies were applied for the detection of outliers in the time pollutant emission curves that were built using, as inputs, the discrete information available from an air quality monitoring data record station and the subsequent smoothing of this dataset for each pollutant. In this research, both new methodologies are tested to detect outliers in pollutant emissions performed over a long period of time in an urban area. These pollutant emissions have been treated in order to use them as vectors whose components are pollutant concentration values for each observation made. Note that although the recording of pollutant emissions is made in a discrete way, these methodologies use pollutants as curves, identifying the outliers by a comparison of curves rather than vectors. Then, the concept of outlier goes from being a point to a curve that employs the functional depth as the indicator of curve distance. In this study, it is applied to the detection of outliers in pollutant emissions from a coal-fired power plant located on the outskirts of the city of Oviedo, located in the north of Spain and capital of the Principality of Asturias. Also, strengths of the functional methods are explained.

from Energy Ecology Environment Ambio via Terpsi Hori on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2GLycwv

Hungary’s scientists outraged by government budget grab

from A via a.sfakia on Inoreader https://go.nature.com/2IqcwYW

Balancing diversity and connectivity in multi-level governance settings for urban transformative capacity

Abstract

Transformation towards sustainable development is about findings new ways of thinking, organising and doing to navigate wicked challenges such as climate change and urbanisation. Such challenges call for new governance modes that match the complexity of the systems to be handled, where multi-level governance and collaborative approaches have been suggested to contribute to such transformative capacity building. This in-depth, trans-disciplinary study investigates how the multi-level governance context in Stockholm, Sweden, influences the transformative capacity from the perspective of local sustainability initiatives. It was found that even though the decentralized governance of the Stockholm region hosts a great potential in supporting city wide transformation, it is hampered by disconnect between actors, levels and sectors and the short-term funding structure. The suggested interventions highlight the tension between enabling collaborations, while safeguarding a high local diversity of initiatives and flexibility to ensure sustained space for innovation and learning.

from Energy Ecology Environment Ambio via Terpsi Hori on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2BGQ2gF

Dams, Chinese investments, and EIAs: A race to the bottom in South America?

Abstract

The political economy of dam development in South America is changing as a result of a resurgence in water infrastructure investments. The arrival of Chinese-funded projects in the region has altered a context traditionally dominated by multilateral development banks. Tensions are escalating around new dam projects and the environmental impact assessment process is increasingly the site of politicization around water in the region. In this perspective, we examine the most recent surge in dam development in South America, the resulting environmental and social impacts, and the mobilization of civil society and environmental groups that have developed in response to these projects. In the absence of regionally shared standards for environmental assessment and regional mechanisms to mitigate the emerging conflicts—primarily occurring between companies, states, and civil society—we argue there is a risk of a race to the bottom to finance infrastructure projects with laxer environmental and social standards.

from Energy Ecology Environment Ambio via Terpsi Hori on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2TM1JJY

Landscape restoration in a mixed agricultural-forest catchment: Planning a buffer strip and hedgerow network in a Chilean biodiversity hotspot

Abstract

Guidance for large-scale restoration of natural or semi-natural linear vegetation elements that takes into account the need to maintain human livelihoods such as farming is often lacking. Focusing on a Chilean biodiversity hotspot, we assessed the landscape in terms of existing woody vegetation elements and proposed a buffer strip and hedgerow network. We used spatial analysis based on Google Earth imagery and QGIS, field surveys, seven guidelines linked to prioritization criteria and seedling availability in the region's nurseries, and estimated the budget for implementing the proposed network. The target landscapes require restoring 0.89 ha km⁻² of woody buffer strips to meet Chilean law; 1.4 ha km⁻² of new hedgerows is also proposed. The cost of restoration in this landscape is estimated in ca. USD 6900 per planted ha of buffer strips and hedgerows. Financial incentives, education, and professional training of farmers are identified as key issues to implement the suggested restoration actions.

from Energy Ecology Environment Ambio via Terpsi Hori on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2BDsx8i

Medications and patient safety in the trauma setting: a systematic review

Medication errors account for the most common adverse events and a significant cause of mortality in the USA. The Joint Commission has required medication reconciliation since 2006. We aimed to survey the lite...

from A via a.sfakia on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2SzhxDr

Antarctic voyage will explore ocean hidden under ice for 100,000 years

from A via a.sfakia on Inoreader https://go.nature.com/2DHCC4o

[ASAP] Genesis and Stability of Hydronium Ions in Zeolite Channels

Journal of the American Chemical Society

DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b07969

from A via a.sfakia on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2GHydl0

[ASAP] Discovery of Polyoxo-Noble-Metalate-Based Metal–Organic Frameworks

Journal of the American Chemical Society

DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13397

from A via a.sfakia on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2DKM4UF

[ASAP] Solution Grown Single-Unit-Cell Quantum Wires Affording Self-Powered Solar-Blind UV Photodetectors with Ultrahigh Selectivity and Sensitivity

Journal of the American Chemical Society

DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b10791

from A via a.sfakia on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2SBxf0B

[ASAP] Activation of Metal Oxo and Nitrido Complexes by Lewis Acids

Journal of the American Chemical Society

DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13100

from A via a.sfakia on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2SEcz8u

[ASAP] Ring-Opening Reactions of NHC-Boriranes with In Situ Generated HCl: Synthesis of a New Class of NHC-Boralactones

Journal of the American Chemical Society

DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13010

from A via a.sfakia on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2DJjy5K

[ASAP] 3d-Metal Induced Magnetic Ordering on U(IV) Atoms as a Route toward U(IV) Magnetic Materials

Journal of the American Chemical Society

DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b00345

from A via a.sfakia on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2SzEVAP

Pathology of the carotid space

Abstract

The complex anatomy of the carotid space within a small confined area is unique to the head and neck and allows for a vast array of pathology. This paper will review the anatomy of the carotid space from the skull base to the thorax, defining its borders at multiple levels, as well as its contents. The paper will also describe the myriad of mass lesions and vascular pathologies that may occur within the carotid space. The discussion will include anatomic considerations in differential diagnoses, imaging features, and lesion characteristics across multiple imaging modalities including CT, MRI, ultrasound, and conventional angiography. Entities discussed include paragangliomas, nerve sheath tumors, meningioma, fibromuscular dysplasia, carotidynia, thrombus, dissection, pseudoaneurysm, and pathology of the deep cervical chain lymph nodes. Understanding the complex and unique anatomy of the carotid space, as well as the nuances of navigating a broad differential, will empower the reader to make an accurate diagnosis.

from A via a.sfakia on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2X5LKbG

The effect of understory on cation binding reactions and aluminium behaviour in acidic soils under spruce forest stands (Southern Poland)

Abstract

Acidic forest soils with two dominant understories, bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) or alpine lady fern (Athyrium distentifolium Tausch ex Opiz), have been investigated to evaluate the influence of the understory on sorption properties and aluminium behaviour. We investigated acidity, cation exchange properties, organic matter content (SOM) and quality as well as Al bonding to organic matter in humus horizons of soils taken from two different locations. SOM was the major contributor to total cation exchange capacity (CEC_t) and effective cation exchange capacity (CEC_e), and a strong relationship was found between SOM and both CEC_t and CEC_e, independently of the understory and location. SOM differed in quality, having more fulvic acids in soils under bilberry than in soils under alpine lady fern. For that reason, SOM in soils under bilberry complexed more Al in the exchangeable form in the soluble fulvic acid fraction such that they could be easily washed out, while in soils under alpine lady fern aluminium was mainly bound more stably. We also found that the chemical character of Al depended on the understory type. In soils under bilberry the relation between base saturation and pH could be successfully modelled by a modified Henderson–Hasselbalch equation when Al was considered as a base cation, which is typical for forest podzols. However, in soils under alpine lady fern, this model was efficient only when Al was treated as an acid cation. We concluded that alpine lady fern as the main understory species reduces solubility and potential toxicity of aluminium, thus significantly affecting soil biogeochemistry.

from Energy Ecology Environment Ambio via Terpsi Hori on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2EbM2X4

Dinitrogen emissions: an overlooked key component of the N balance of montane grasslands

Abstract

While emissions of nitric oxide (NO), ammonia (NH₃) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) from grassland soils have been increasingly well constrained, soil dinitrogen (N₂) emissions are poorly understood. However, N₂ losses might dominate total gaseous nitrogen (N) losses. Knowledge on N losses is key for the development of climate-adapted management that balances agronomic and environmental needs. Hence, we quantified all gaseous N losses from a montane grassland in Southern Germany both for ambient climatic conditions and for a climate change treatment (+ 2 °C MAT, − 300 mm MAP). Monthly measurements of soil N₂ emissions of intact soil cores revealed that those exceeded by far soil N₂O emissions and averaged at 350 ± 101 (ambient climate) and 738 ± 197 µg N m⁻² h⁻¹ (climate change). Because these measurements did not allow to quantify emission peaks after fertilization, an additional laboratory experiment was deployed to quantify the response of NH₃, NO, N₂O, and N₂ emissions in sub daily temporal resolution to a typical slurry fertilization event (51 kg N ha⁻¹). Our results revealed that total N gas losses amounted to roughly half of applied slurry-N. Surprisingly, N₂ but not NH₃ dominated fertilizer N losses, with N₂ emissions accounting for 16–21 kg or 31–42% of the applied slurry-N, while NH₃ volatilization (3.5 kg), N₂O (0.2–0.5 kg) and NO losses (0–0.2 kg) were of minor importance. Though constraining annual N₂ loss remained uncertain due to high spatiotemporal variability of fluxes, we show that N₂ losses are a so far overlooked key component of the N balance in montane grasslands, which needs to be considered for developing improved grassland management strategies targeted at increasing N use efficiency.

from Energy Ecology Environment Ambio via Terpsi Hori on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2UYLB84

Induction of autophagy in Cx3cr1+ mononuclear cells limits IL-23/IL-22 axis-mediated intestinal fibrosis

Induction of autophagy in Cx3cr1⁺ mononuclear cells limits IL-23/IL-22 axis-mediated intestinal fibrosis

Induction of autophagy in Cx3cr1⁺ mononuclear cells limits IL-23/IL-22 axis-mediated intestinal fibrosis, Published online: 14 February 2019; doi:10.1038/s41385-019-0146-4

Induction of autophagy in Cx3cr1⁺ mononuclear cells limits IL-23/IL-22 axis-mediated intestinal fibrosis

from A via a.sfakia on Inoreader https://go.nature.com/2Byt7Eg

Mucosal boosting of H56:CAF01 immunization promotes lung-localized T cells and an accelerated pulmonary response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection without enhancing vaccine protection

Mucosal boosting of H56:CAF01 immunization promotes lung-localized T cells and an accelerated pulmonary response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection without enhancing vaccine protection

Mucosal boosting of H56:CAF01 immunization promotes lung-localized T cells and an accelerated pulmonary response to <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> infection without enhancing vaccine protection, Published online: 13 February 2019; doi:10.1038/s41385-019-0145-5

Mucosal boosting of H56:CAF01 immunization promotes lung-localized T cells and an accelerated pulmonary response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection without enhancing vaccine protection

from A via a.sfakia on Inoreader https://go.nature.com/2GnjAnv

Cancer Cell Targeting With Functionalized Quantum Dot-Encoded Polyelectrolyte Microcapsules.

Related Articles

Cancer Cell Targeting With Functionalized Quantum Dot-Encoded Polyelectrolyte Microcapsules.

Front Chem. 2019;7:34

Authors: Nifontova G, Ramos-Gomes F, Baryshnikova M, Alves F, Nabiev I, Sukhanova A

Abstract
Imaging agents and drug carriers are commonly targeted toward cancer cell through functionalization with specific recognition molecules. Quantum dots (QDs) are fluorescent semiconductor nanocrystals whose extraordinary brightness and photostability make them attractive for direct fluorescent labeling of biomolecules or optical encoding of the membranes and cells. Here, we analyse the cytotoxicity of QD-encoded microcapsules, validate an approach to the activation of the microcapsule's surface for further functionalization with monoclonal antibody Trastuzumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting the extracellular domain of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and already in clinical use for the treatment of HER2 positive breast cancer. In addition, we characterize the cell-specific targeting activity of the resultant bio-conjugate by immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and real-time analysis of interaction of the conjugates with live HER2 overexpressing human breast cancer cells. We demonstrate, that encapsulation of QDs into the polymer shell using the layer-by-layer deposition method yields highly fluorescent polyelectrolyte microcapsules with a homogeneous size distribution and biocompatibility upon in vitro treatment of cancer cells. Carbodiimide surface activation ensures optimal disperse and optical characteristics of the QD-encoded microcapsules before antibody conjugation. The prepared conjugates of the microcapsules with cancer-specific monoclonal antibody targeting HER2 provide sufficiently sensitive and specific antibody-mediated binding of the microcapsules with live cancer cells, which demonstrated their potential as prospective cancer cell-targeting agents.

PMID: 30761294 [PubMed]

from A via a.sfakia on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2Xe7Cls

Cardioprotective Effect of Statins in Patients With HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Receiving Trastuzumab Therapy.

Related Articles

Cardioprotective Effect of Statins in Patients With HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Receiving Trastuzumab Therapy.

Can J Cardiol. 2019 Feb;35(2):153-159

Authors: Calvillo-Argüelles O, Abdel-Qadir H, Michalowska M, Billia F, Suntheralingam S, Amir E, Thavendiranathan P

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Statins can reduce the risk of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. Whether such cardioprotective effects can be seen in trastuzumab-treated patients has not been explored.
METHODS: Consecutive women with HER2+ breast cancer who received trastuzumab with or without anthracyclines were identified retrospectively. Patients receiving statins before and during cancer treatment were matched with 2 patients of the same age (± 2 years) and anthracycline exposure status but without statin treatment. The primary outcome was final left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to assess the relationship between statin exposure and the final LVEF. A logistic regression model was constructed to assess the relationship between statin exposure and cardiotoxicity (secondary outcome).
RESULTS: Included were 129 patients (62 ± 9 years). Forty-three received statins during cancer treatment. The median trastuzumab exposure time was 11.8 (interquartile range [IQR] 11 to 12) months. Seventy-two (56%) patients received anthracyclines. Compared with controls, patients treated with statins were more likely to have diabetes (37.2% vs 4.7%, P < 0.001), hypertension (58.1% vs 22.1%, P < 0.001), and coronary artery disease (11.6% vs 2.3%, P = 0.04). Within a median cardiac follow-up duration of 11 (IQR 9 to 18) months, the adjusted final LVEF was lower in the control group (61.2% vs 64.6%, P = 0.034). A significant change in LVEF was observed in the control group (median -6%, IQR -10% to -1% P < 0.001) but not in the statin group (median 0%, IQR -5% to +3%, P = 0.27). Upon adjusted analysis, statin treatment was independently associated with a lower risk of cardiotoxicity (odds ratio [OR] 0.32, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.10-0.99, P = 0.049).
CONCLUSIONS: In women with HER2+ breast cancer receiving trastuzumab-based therapy with or without anthracyclines, concomitant use of statins was associated with a lower risk of cardiotoxicity.

PMID: 30760421 [PubMed - in process]

from A via a.sfakia on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2S51hVo

Rare trial of open peer review allays common concerns

Rare trial of open peer review allays common concerns

Rare trial of open peer review allays common concerns, Published online: 15 February 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-00500-7

Study suggests that making reviewers' reports freely readable doesn't compromise peer-review process.

from A via a.sfakia on Inoreader https://go.nature.com/2V2z0RA

Indian payment-for-papers proposal rattles scientists

Indian payment-for-papers proposal rattles scientists

Indian payment-for-papers proposal rattles scientists, Published online: 15 February 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-00514-1

Researchers say the policy could intensify existing issues with research quality and misconduct.

from A via a.sfakia on Inoreader https://go.nature.com/2X5fDcf

Nanoformulations and their mode of action in insects: a review of biological interactions.

Related Articles

Nanoformulations and their mode of action in insects: a review of biological interactions.

Drug Chem Toxicol. 2019 Feb 13;:1-11

Authors: Shahzad K, Manzoor F

Abstract
While nanoparticles (NPs) can be used as insecticides by themselves, they can also be carriers for insecticidal chemicals. Existing literature suggests that the smaller the NP size, the greater the toxicity and penetration into the insect's body. Nonetheless, there is a lack of literature pertaining to the mode of action within insects. This review article summarizes the currently available entomological studies on the mechanisms of NP-insect interactions. Externally, NPs affect pigmentation and integrity of the cuticle, while internally they induce immune responses and alter gene expression leading to altered protein, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism along with cellular toxicity that impairs development and reproduction of the insect. Consequently, insects are incapacitated due to the disruption of the nutrient intake, production of reactive oxygen species and altered biochemical activity while some NPs can promote growth and development as well as diminish the effects of nontarget toxicity.

PMID: 30760084 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

from A via a.sfakia on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2S4zg0g

Imaging of hip and thigh muscle injury: a pictorial review

Abstract

Muscle injuries of the hip and thigh are a highly relevant issue in competitive sports imaging. The gold standard in diagnostic imaging of muscle injuries is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Radiologists need to be familiar with typical MRI findings in order to accurately detect and classify muscle injuries. Proper interpretation of the findings is crucial, especially in elite athletes. In soccer players, muscle injuries of the hip and thigh are the most common reason for missing a game.

The present pictorial review deals with the diagnostic assessment, especially MRI, of muscle injuries of the hip and thigh. Typical MR findings in muscle injuries include edema, hematoma, and tendinous avulsion as well as partial or complete muscle tear. To estimate the time to return to play, a grading into three groups—muscle strain, partial tear, complete tear—has traditionally been used. Taking into account the most recent literature, there are other prognostic factors such as the longitudinal length of a tear, the tendon's intramuscular component, or persisting edema.

from A via a.sfakia on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2X2a4v6

Bone marrow stem cells derived exosomes improve osteoporosis by promoting osteoblast proliferation and inhibiting cell apoptosis

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate whether bone marrow stem cells (MSCs) derived exosomes in rats could promote osteoblast proliferation and improve osteoporosis via inhibiting cell apoptosis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: MSCs in rats were isolated and cultured, followed by the identification of surface antigens via flow cytometry. The differentiation of MSCs was detected by alizarin red staining and oil red staining. After extraction from MSCs by ultracentrifugation, the size distribution of exosomes was detected by tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS). Specific antigens in MSCs-derived exosomes were determined by flow cytometry. Furthermore, the proliferation and viability of hFOB1.19 cells treated with MSCs-derived exosomes were detected by cell count kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The effect of MSCs-derived exosomes on cell apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry. Protein expression levels of apoptosis-related genes in hFOB1.19 cells were detected by Western blot.

RESULTS: MSCs differentiated into osteoblasts and lipoblasts under different treatments. Meanwhile, MSCs-derived exosomes exhibited typical elongated morphology after isolation and culture for 1 and 3 days, respectively. Functionally, MSCs-derived exosomes could promote the viability of hFOB1.19 cells, and significantly increase the expression level of GLUT3. In addition, MSCs-derived exosomes remarkably downregulated apoptosis-related genes and decreased apoptosis in hFOB1.19 cells.

CONCLUSIONS: MSCs-derived exosomes could promote osteoblast proliferation via inhibiting cell apoptosis, eventually improving osteoporosis.

L'articolo Bone marrow stem cells derived exosomes improve osteoporosis by promoting osteoblast proliferation and inhibiting cell apoptosis sembra essere il primo su European Review.

from A via a.sfakia on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2TLGBDE

A high-risk papillomavirus 18 E7 affibody-enabled in vivo imaging and targeted therapy of cervical cancer

Abstract

High-risk papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the major reasons for cervical cancer, causing most lethal gynecologic malignancies worldwide. For cervical cancer progression, oncogene E7 plays vital roles and is used as one of the major targets for cervical tumor diagnosis and treatment. In the clinic, successful treatment of cervical cancer relies on diagnosing the disease at an early stage, where a late-stage diagnosis usually led to treatment failure. In this work, we designed and purified an HPV18 E7 oncogene targeting affibody, named as Z_HPV18E7, for in vitro and in vivo imaging and targeted treatment of cervical cancer. In vitro, Z_HPV18E7 showed a specific targeting effect against an HPV18 positive cell line; as a contrast, the affibody did not target the HPV18 negative cell line. In vivo, we tested the bio-distribution of the affibody in mice bearing cervical cancer. The whole animal imaging analysis indicated the affibody-targeted tumor tissue specifically with 10 min after injection, and the affibody reached the highest level at tumor tissues 45 min after injection. At the 24th hour after injection, the affibody still maintained a certain level in tumor tissues compared to other organs. To test the therapeutic effect of this affibody, we modified the affibody (i.e., Z_HPV18E7) with a clinically used anti-cancer agent (i.e., Pseudomonas exotoxin). In a mice cervical cancer model, Z_HPV18E7 was able to deliver Pseudomonas exotoxin to tumor tissues effectively, showing great potential for cancer treatment. This study indicated that Z_HPV18E7 could be employed for in vitro imaging and targeted treatment of cervical cancer. Beyond the chemotherapeutic agent used in this work, the affibody could be extended for carrying other therapeutic agents for cervical cancer treatment.

from A via a.sfakia on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2tpynp8

Circ-VANGL1 promotes the progression of osteoporosis by absorbing miRNA-217 to regulate RUNX2 expression

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate whether circ-VANGL1 can promote the progression of osteoporosis (OP) by absorbing miRNA-217 to regulate RUNX2 expression.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: The serum levels of circ-VANGL1, miRNA-217 and RUNX2 in OP patients and non-OP patients were detected by quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). Their expression levels in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) at different time points of osteogenesis differentiation were determined as well. The expression levels of RUNX2 and osteogenic proteins (BSP, OCN, OPN) in hBMSCs were detected by Western blot. Dual-Luciferase reporter gene assay was performed to verify the relationship among circ-VANGL1, miRNA-217 and RUNX2. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining was conducted to evaluate the degree of osteogenic differentiation influenced by circ-VANGL1 and miRNA-217.

RESULTS: OP patients presented a higher serum level of miRNA-217 and lower serum levels of circ-VANGL1 and RUNX2 relative to non-OP patients. Circ-VANGL1 accelerated osteogenic differentiation by absorbing miRNA-217 to regulate RUNX2 expression. Moreover, miRNA-217 inhibited osteogenic differentiation by degrading RUNX2 by targeting to RUNX2 3'UTR. The overexpression of circ-VANGL1 upregulated expressions of RUNX2, BSP, OCN, and OPN. Meanwhile, ALP activity increased in hBMSCs overexpressing circ-VANGL1. However, co-overexpression of circ-VANGL1 and miRNA-217 did not alter RUNX2 expression. ALP activity in hBMSCs co-overexpressing circ-VANGL1 and miRNA-217 slightly increased, but had no difference with controls.

CONCLUSIONS: Circ-VANGL1 promotes the development of OP via binding to miRNA-217 to downregulate RUNX2 expression.

L'articolo Circ-VANGL1 promotes the progression of osteoporosis by absorbing miRNA-217 to regulate RUNX2 expression sembra essere il primo su European Review.

from A via a.sfakia on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2GIGnJP

LncRNA BC200 regulates the cell proliferation and cisplatin resistance in non-small cell lung cancer via PI3K/AKT pathway

OBJECTIVE: Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) exerts tissue specificity and regulates the occurrence and progression of tumors. Previous bioinformatics showed that lncRNA BC200 is served as an oncogene. However, the specific role of BC200 in lung cancer (LC) is rarely reported. The aim of this study is to elucidate the regulatory effects of BC200 on tumor development and cisplatin resistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

PATIENTS AND METHODS: The expression level of BC200 in 76 pairs of NSCLC tissues and adjacent normal tissues was detected by quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). Correlation analyses were conducted to investigate the relation between BC200 expression and prognosis of NSCLC patients. Subsequently, BC200 expression in LC cell lines was detected. After construction of si-BC200 and si-NC, the cellular functions of LC cells were detected through colony formation, flow cytometry and transwell assay, respectively. Western blot was performed to detect the protein expressions of key genes in the PI3K/AKT pathway in LC cells. Finally, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was carried out to explore the effect of BC200 on cisplatin resistance of LC cells via calculating IC50.

RESULTS: Higher expression of BC200 was found in NSCLC tissues than that of adjacent normal tissues. BC200 expression was positively correlated with tumor stage, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis of NSCLC patients, whereas not correlated to age and sex. Knockdown of BC200 inhibited proliferation, invasion and migration of LC cells. Western blot results showed that protein expressions of PI3K, AKT and STAT3 were downregulated after BC200 knockdown in LC cells. Additionally, the IC50 in H1299/DDP cells transfected with si-BC200 was lower than in those transfected with si-NC. The apoptotic rate in H1299 cells transfected with si-BC200 was remarkably lower than those transfected with si-NC.

CONCLUSIONS: BC200 is highly expressed in NSCLC, which is positively correlated with tumor stage and metastasis of NSCLC patients. BC200 promotes the malignant progression of NSCLC via regulating cisplatin-induced apoptosis of H1299/DDP cells.

L'articolo LncRNA BC200 regulates the cell proliferation and cisplatin resistance in non-small cell lung cancer via PI3K/AKT pathway sembra essere il primo su European Review.

from A via a.sfakia on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2twD6Wp

The functional neuroanatomy of musical memory in Alzheimer’s disease

Publication date: Available online 15 February 2019

Source: Cortex

Author(s): Catherine F. Slattery, Jennifer L. Agustus, Ross W. Paterson, Oliver McCallion, Alexander JM. Foulkes, Kirsty Macpherson, Amelia M. Carton, Emma Harding, Hannah L. Golden, Kankamol Jaisin, Catherine J. Mummery, Jonathan M. Schott, Jason D. Warren

Abstract

Background

Memory for music has attracted much recent interest in Alzheimer's disease but the underlying brain mechanisms have not been defined in patients directly. Here we addressed this issue in an Alzheimer's disease cohort using activation fMRI of two core musical memory systems.

Methods

We studied 34 patients with younger onset Alzheimer's disease led either by episodic memory decline (typical Alzheimer's disease) or by visuospatial impairment (posterior cortical atrophy) in relation to 19 age-matched healthy individuals. We designed a novel fMRI paradigm based on passive listening to melodies that were either previously familiar or unfamiliar (musical semantic memory) and either presented singly or repeated (incidental musical episodic memory).

Results

Both syndromic groups showed significant functional neuroanatomical alterations relative to the healthy control group. For musical semantic memory, disease-associated activation group differences were localised to right inferior frontal cortex (reduced activation in the group with memory-led Alzheimer's disease); while for incidental musical episodic memory, disease-associated activation group differences were localised to precuneus and posterior cingulate cortex (abnormally enhanced activation in the syndromic groups). In post-scan behavioural testing, both patient groups had a deficit of musical episodic memory relative to healthy controls whereas musical semantic memory was unimpaired.

Conclusions

Our findings define functional neuroanatomical substrates for the differential involvement of musical semantic and incidental episodic memory in major phenotypes of Alzheimer's disease. The complex dynamic profile of brain activation group differences observed suggests that musical memory may be an informative probe of neural network function in Alzheimer's disease. These findings may guide the development of future musical interventions in dementia.

from A via a.sfakia on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2GtgluF

N-acetylcysteine attenuates neuroinflammation associated depressive behavior induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress in rat

Publication date: Available online 14 February 2019

Source: Behavioural Brain Research

Author(s): Joneth Fernandes, Girdhari Lal Gupta

Abstract

Depression is a heterogeneous disorder and associated with inflammatory responses. The influences of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on neuroinflammation associated depression-like behavior have not been investigated yet, and associated biochemical changes are currently unclear. Therefore, we assessed the effects of NAC on neuroinflammation associated depression-like behavior induced through chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) in rats. The antidepressant-like effect of NAC was depicted using the sucrose preference test and the forced swimming test (FST) while CUMS-induced alteration in the locomotor index was measured using the open field test (OFT) and actophotometer. Our results revealed that CUMS exposure markedly aggravated depression-like behavior, the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and reduced the serotonin levels. One-week consecutive NAC (50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) or fluoxetine (10 mg/kg, p.o., a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor) treatment significantly increased sucrose preference index, reduced immobility time in the FST, and the increased the number of squares crossed, number of rearing in the OFT and locomotion in the actophotometer in the CUMS-exposed rats. Moreover, the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus as well as pre-frontal cortex were suppressed, and remarkably restored the serotonin levels by NAC (50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) or fluoxetine (10 mg/kg, p.o.) administration. However, NAC (25 mg/kg, p.o.) exerted insignificant protection against CUMS-induced depressive-like behavior and associated neuro-inflammation. This study demonstrates that NAC exhibited the antidepressant-like effect in the CUMS-exposed rats, which might be mediated by anti-inflammatory potential and restoring serotonergic responses in the stressed rats.

from A via a.sfakia on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2Gqsn8n

The role of the hospital environment in the healthcare-associated infections: a general review of the literature

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are one of the most relevant public health problems worldwide. The role of the hospital environment as a reservoir of pathogens causing HAIs is still debated. These pathogens are common in several hospital environments, where they are able to persist from hours to months and their circulation is favored by healthcare workers (HCWs). Hospital surfaces at close contact with patients such as bed bars and header, bedside table, taps, and handles in wards ("high-touched surfaces"), are considered easily contaminable and at risk to transfer pathogens to patients. However, some studies showed the possible role played by "non-classical" surfaces such as healthcare workers' (HCWs) mobile phones and personal computers as well as oxygen humidifiers and protective lead garments used in operating rooms. HCWs' hands play a fundamental role in patient-to-patient transmission by touching contaminated surfaces or patients during care activities. The aim of this review is to evaluate the role of the hospital environment in the transmission of nosocomial pathogens, focusing on single pathogens causing HAIs and the importance of hospital surfaces as reservoirs.

L'articolo The role of the hospital environment in the healthcare-associated infections: a general review of the literature sembra essere il primo su European Review.

from A via a.sfakia on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2IesSEb

Comparison between antimicrobial-coated sutures and uncoated sutures for the prevention of surgical site infections in plastic surgery: a double blind control trial

OBJECTIVE: Surgical site infection (SSI) produces considerable morbidity and increases health care costs. One of its causes is microbial adherence to the surgical sutures surface. A strategy to avoid microbial colonization is the use of antimicrobial-impregnated sutures. Recently absorbable sutures treated with chlorhexidine (CHX) have been developed. Our study purpose was to compare CHX-coated and uncoated suture in elective plastic surgery.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, single-centre controlled trial of 18 patients undergoing elective bilateral mammary surgery and 18 patients undergoing skin lesions removals. Patients were divided into 2 groups receiving antibacterial-coated (study group) and uncoated (controlled group) sutures for wound closure. Patients were evaluated for scar results and signs of SSIs were monitored over a period of 30 days (or 1 year in case of prosthetic surgery). Statistical comparison was performed using dependent t-tests for paired samples.

RESULTS: For patients undergoing mammary surgery, based on Vancouver Scale, there were no significant differences between the two groups. We noticed that in 8 patients the vertical scars belonging to the control group were larger than the contralateral 8 vertical sutures belonging to the study group. For patients undergoing skin surgery, surgical wounds treated with uncoated sutures were significantly more erythematous than the ones belonging to the study group (Media: 0,8333% vs. 1,5556%, respectively; standard deviation: 9,235 vs. 0,6157; 95%; p=0.0092).

CONCLUSIONS: No wounds infection was reported between the two groups. Based on our experience, we conclude that the use of CHX-coated sutures should be considered in case of inflamed lesions removal. Further studies are needed to validate our results.

L'articolo Comparison between antimicrobial-coated sutures and uncoated sutures for the prevention of surgical site infections in plastic surgery: a double blind control trial sembra essere il primo su European Review.

from A via a.sfakia on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2BEI5su

Enhancing urban transformative capacity through children’s participation in planning

Abstract

This paper presents a perspective we find lacking in the general discussion on urban transformative capacity, as well as the discourse on children's environmental experiences and their participation in urban planning processes. Children contribute to the building of urban transformative capacity in several ways. Firstly, they contribute with new perspectives on the environment that broaden existing perspectives on human–environment relations in urban planning. Secondly, children's participation in planning processes challenges existing power relations through the creation of new adult–child relationships which in turn transform relations between adults and other actors and agencies. Thirdly, their participation requires changes in planning practices and the establishment of new routines in order to plan cities which meet the needs of children.

from Energy Ecology Environment Ambio via Terpsi Hori on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2GL3WS8

Danish pheasant and mallard hunters comply with the lead shot ban

Abstract

Denmark implemented a total ban on the use of lead shot for hunting and clay target shooting in 1996. Compliance was not studied systematically until recently. However, sporadic police checks and individual studies indicated that compliance was far from complete in the early years after regulation. To assess current levels of compliance with Danish regulations, we purchased 730 carcasses of pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) and mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and a further 690 mallard gizzards were obtained from > 14 shooting events distributed across > 10 local authority districts throughout East and West Denmark in the 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 hunting seasons. All carcasses and gizzards were subject to radiography and those that contained shot were examined, pellets removed by dissection and identified to shot type. In all, 3589 pellets (intact or fragmented) were found in 1420 carcasses/gizzards, of which 799 pellets (some fragmented) were identified. Among the sample of pheasants with embedded shot (N = 447), 1.8% (in 2016) and 2.2% (in 2017) were lead shot. Among 148 mallards in 2017 with embedded shot, 3.1% had lead shot. None of the 2017 mallard gizzards had embedded lead shot. We conclude that Danish pheasant and mallard shooters mostly comply with the lead shot regulations. Steel was the most used non-lead alternative. The majority of ingested shot was non-lead, indicating that lead shot is not generally available to pheasant and mallard and suggesting compliance with regulations in recent years/decades. The study showed that the possibility to predict the metal composition of shot pellets from X-ray images alone was highly inaccurate, confirming the necessity of necropsy to determine shot type.

from Energy Ecology Environment Ambio via Terpsi Hori on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2tlkj03

The accuracy of volunteer surveyors for obtaining tree measurements in tropical forests

Abstract

Volunteer-led surveys are increasingly used to collect ecological information and may represent a means for obtaining the tree measurement datasets necessary to calculate carbon stocks in tropical forests in order to justify funding like REDD+. However, the accuracy of tree measurements collected by volunteers remains unassessed. Here, we examine how tree measurements collected by student volunteers vary compared to measurements collected by trained ecologists using identical methods. Measurements by both teams were collected at 11 habitat plots on Buton Island, Indonesia. Both teams counted similar numbers of trees per plot and obtained positively correlated circumference-at-breast-height measurement values at plot and individual tree scales of aggregation. Volunteer and ecologist-generated median carbon stock estimates differed by just 1.1%. We therefore suggest that with sufficient training and supervision volunteers can be used to obtain accurate tree measurement data for carbon stock calculations.

from Energy Ecology Environment Ambio via Terpsi Hori on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2GL11sX

Highly fluorescent nitrogen-doped carbon dots for the determination and the differentiation of the rare earth element ions

Publication date: 1 June 2019

Source: Talanta, Volume 198

Author(s): Shengnan Wang, Shuai Liu, Jianyu Zhang, Yan Cao

Abstract

As indispensable and strategic elements, Rare Earth Elements (REEs) have been found wide high-tech applications in many modern industries. Their mining, extraction and purification address on economic and environmental significances. This study was the first to report the successful determination and differentiation of rare earth metals using the Nitrogen-doped Carbon Dots (NCDs). NCDs were synthesized via the one-step hydrothermal treatment method starting from folic acid. The as-received NCDs can emit bright blue fluorescence at 440 nm in a high quantum yield of 85% due to the fluorescence enhancement effect of N dopant atoms on NCDs' surface. This as-received NCDs can not only determine REE ions based on the fluorescence quenching effect of the newly-formed REE-NCDs complexes, also distinguish two groups of REEs with significantly different electronic structures. It was found REE ions (Group II REEs: Pr³⁺, Nd³⁺, Sm³⁺, Eu³⁺, Gd³⁺, Tb³⁺, Dy³⁺, Ho³⁺, Er³⁺, Tm³⁺, Yb³⁺) can only quench fluorescence of the initial NCDs solution, but not change its fluorescence wavelengths. This was contrasted to the similar quenching effect of REE ions (Group I REEs: La³⁺, Y³⁺, Lu³⁺) on NCDs, but further 20 nm red-shift of the fluorescence wavelength (from 439 nm to 458 nm). Taking examples of the selected La³⁺ and Sm³⁺, their detection limit were found to be 0.045 μM (the linear range of 0–6 μM, R² =0.998) and 0.29 μM (the linear range of 0–10 μM, R² =0.993), respectively. The characterizations of NCDs, based on the ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry (UV–VIS), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), helped in revealing the coordination status of rare earth ions on the carboxyl group of the NCDs surface and also mechanisms of their electron and energy transfers.

Graphical abstract

from A via a.sfakia on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2ByMbSM

In-situ generation of Ag, Cd, Hg, In, Pb, Tl and Zn volatile species by flowing liquid anode atmospheric pressure glow discharge operated in gaseous jet mode – evaluation of excitation processes and analytical performance

Publication date: Available online 14 February 2019

Source: Talanta

Author(s): Krzysztof Greda, Monika Gorska, Maja Welna, Piotr Jamroz, Pawel Pohl

Abstract

The use of flowing liquid anode atmospheric pressure glow discharge (FLA-APGD) operated with the aid of a gaseous jet as an efficient and novel excitation source for optical emission spectrometry (OES) was evaluated in details. Although about 50 elements have been tested by introducing respective standard solutions into a discharge system, only emission lines of Ag, Cd, Hg, In, Pb, Tl and Zn have been identified. In this arrangement, the surface of solution was bombarded by electrons resulting in generation of volatile species of mentioned elements. After penetrating the plasma, they were excited and extraordinary atomic emission was observed for these elements. It was found that the use of the Ar or He jet provided beneficial excitation conditions, while reduction of the discharge gap led to suppression of the intensity of interfering diatomic molecular bands like NO, OH and N₂. Under optimal operating conditions of the discharge system, detection limits (DLs) assessed for Ag, Cd, Hg, In, Pb, Tl and Zn were respectively 0.001, 0.006, 0.16, 0.093, 0.076, 0.007 and 0.018 µg L⁻¹, and they were on average by 10-times better as referred to earlier FLA-APGD constructions operated without the gaseous jet. In addition, the discharge was characterized by greater stability and precision of measurements (< 2%). Dynamic ranges of calibration curves covered between 3.5 (Cd, In, Zn) and over 5 orders of magnitude (Ag, Tl). The biggest weakness of the developed system turned out to be high susceptibility to matrix interferences. It was found that presence of foreign ions (at concentrations of 1–10 mg L⁻¹) suppressed emission from studied elements on average by 20–60%. To clarify the reason for extremely high sensitivity of emission lines of Ag, Cd, Hg In, Pb, Tl and Zn, efficiency of transport of these elements from the liquid phase to the plasma was determined. It was established that from 5 to 70% of analytes presented in sample solutions were released, whereas evaporation of water was merely 5–15%. Since the FLA-APGD plasma was enriched with analytes atoms, it was concluded that such processes like electrospray formation or solution evaporation do not make a major contribution to transport of analytes from the liquid phase to the discharge, and that it was mainly due to plasma-induced volatile species generation processes.

Graphical abstract

from A via a.sfakia on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2TPccUV

Indirect Pulsed Electrochemical Detection following High-Performance Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography

Publication date: Available online 14 February 2019

Source: Talanta

Author(s): Loryn R. Keating, William R. LaCourse

Abstract

For detection using pulsed electrochemical detection (PED), analytes must preadsorb to the working gold electrode. Indirect pulsed electrochemical detection (InPED) exploits this requirement by including a PED-active reagent in the mobile phase. The background signal provided by oxidation of this reagent is attenuated by the adsorption of analyte molecules to the electrode. In this paper, a method has been developed to allow the use of InPED in combination with high-performance reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC). Biotin was used as a probe molecule to determine that the use of acetonitrile as the organic modifier in the mobile phase provided superior results to the use of methanol. In addition, a silica-based, high surface area C18 column (i.e., Varian Pursuit XRs) was found to give better results than a polymer-based reversed-phase column (i.e., Dionex IonPac NS1). Optimized experimental conditions were used todetermine lipoic acid, tiopronin, and penicillamine, obtaining detection limits of ≤1 μM (30 pmol injected). The analytical utility of RPLC-InPED was demonstrated by an assay of an over-the-counter-formulation containing lipoic acid.

Graphical abstract

from A via a.sfakia on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2BD4Z3o

Indian payment-for-papers proposal rattles scientists

from A via a.sfakia on Inoreader https://go.nature.com/2TScUB4

Barcoding reveals complex clonal behavior in patient-derived xenografts of metastatic triple negative breast cancer

Barcoding reveals complex clonal behavior in patient-derived xenografts of metastatic triple negative breast cancer

Barcoding reveals complex clonal behavior in patient-derived xenografts of metastatic triple negative breast cancer, Published online: 15 February 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-08595-2

Triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) disseminate and metastasise, but the clonal relationship of metastases to primary tumours is poorly understood. Here, the authors use cellular barcoding of TNBC patient-derived xenografts and track the fate of barcoded clones in primary tumours and their metastases, including after resection or chemotherapy.

from A via a.sfakia on Inoreader https://go.nature.com/2Ipi3iq

Disulfide-mediated conversion of 8-mer bowl-like protein architecture into three different nanocages

Disulfide-mediated conversion of 8-mer bowl-like protein architecture into three different nanocages

Disulfide-mediated conversion of 8-mer bowl-like protein architecture into three different nanocages, Published online: 15 February 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-08788-9

Shape transformation of proteins created by design in the laboratory is challenging. Here, the authors present a disulfide-mediated approach for the preparation of 16-mer, 24-mer, and 48-mer nanocages from an 8-mer bowl-like protein building block.

from A via a.sfakia on Inoreader https://go.nature.com/2GsG4Ug

Stress-induced inactivation of the Staphylococcus aureus purine biosynthesis repressor leads to hypervirulence

Stress-induced inactivation of the Staphylococcus aureus purine biosynthesis repressor leads to hypervirulence

Stress-induced inactivation of the <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> purine biosynthesis repressor leads to hypervirulence, Published online: 15 February 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-08724-x

PurR acts as transcriptional repressor of purine biosynthesis genes in some bacterial species. Here, the authors show that purR mutations can arise in Staphylococcus aureus upon exposure to stress, leading to upregulation of fibronectin-binding proteins and increased virulence.

from A via a.sfakia on Inoreader https://go.nature.com/2Gsov6H

Resolution limit of image analysis algorithms

Resolution limit of image analysis algorithms

Resolution limit of image analysis algorithms, Published online: 15 February 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-08689-x

The resolution limitations when using the ubiquitous algorithms that process images obtained using modern techniques are not straightforward to define. Here, the authors examine the performance of localization algorithms and use spatial statistics to provide a metric for assessing the resolution limit of such algorithms.

from A via a.sfakia on Inoreader https://go.nature.com/2GrOZFm

A functional subset of CD8+ T cells during chronic exhaustion is defined by SIRPα expression

A functional subset of CD8⁺ T cells during chronic exhaustion is defined by SIRPα expression

A functional subset of CD8⁺ T cells during chronic exhaustion is defined by SIRPα expression, Published online: 15 February 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-08637-9

SIRPa is most commonly known as a phagocytosis inhibitory receptor expressed by myeloid cells. Here the authors show SIRPa is expressed on a subset of CD8+ T cells with higher proliferative and effector activity during the chronic phase of the immune response to viral infection.

from A via a.sfakia on Inoreader https://go.nature.com/2IgALsN

Mutation of a single residue promotes gating of vertebrate and invertebrate two-pore domain potassium channels

Mutation of a single residue promotes gating of vertebrate and invertebrate two-pore domain potassium channels

Mutation of a single residue promotes gating of vertebrate and invertebrate two-pore domain potassium channels, Published online: 15 February 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-08710-3

Mutations that modulate the activity of ion channels are essential tools to understand the biophysical determinants that control their gating. Here authors reveal the role played by a single residue in the second transmembrane domain of vertebrate and invertebrate two-pore domain potassium channels.

from A via a.sfakia on Inoreader https://go.nature.com/2GrTX4W

Amine-responsive cellulose-based ratiometric fluorescent materials for real-time and visual detection of shrimp and crab freshness

Amine-responsive cellulose-based ratiometric fluorescent materials for real-time and visual detection of shrimp and crab freshness

Amine-responsive cellulose-based ratiometric fluorescent materials for real-time and visual detection of shrimp and crab freshness, Published online: 15 February 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-08675-3

Simple, fast, and accurate detection of food freshness has great significance to food safety and business. Here, the authors develop cellulose-based ratiometric fluorescent materials with superior amine-response, which can be used for visual monitoring the freshness of shrimp and crab.

from A via a.sfakia on Inoreader https://go.nature.com/2Ihu1L5

Single gametophyte sequencing reveals that crossover events differ between sexes in maize

Single gametophyte sequencing reveals that crossover events differ between sexes in maize

Single gametophyte sequencing reveals that crossover events differ between sexes in maize, Published online: 15 February 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-08786-x

Meiotic crossover (CO) landscape differs inter- and intra-species, as well as between sexes. Here, the authors show that male meiosis produces more COs than female in maize and detect CO maturation inefficiency in some genetic backgrounds, which may help to improve breeding efficiency.

from A via a.sfakia on Inoreader https://go.nature.com/2Gs5P7e

Rare trial of open peer review allays common concerns

from A via a.sfakia on Inoreader https://go.nature.com/2N9n2m4

Five-year outcomes of intravitreal drug therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration in eyes with baseline vision 20/60 or better

from A via a.sfakia on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2E756pw

The vaporized rock and extreme heat at a huge landslide’s heart

The vaporized rock and extreme heat at a huge landslide's heart

The vaporized rock and extreme heat at a huge landslide's heart, Published online: 15 February 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-00536-9

An entire mountainside came crashing down after a devastating earthquake in China's Sichuan Province.

from A via a.sfakia on Inoreader https://go.nature.com/2Guu8kE