Prevalence of soft tissue calcifications in the maxillofacial region detected by cone beam CT

Abstract

Objective

To determine the prevalence of soft tissue calcifications in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans with different fields of view (FOV), and to assess its relation with the clinical relevance of the CBCT findings.

Material and Methods

One thousand CBCT scans were grouped according to FOV's size and region scanned (MX-FOV, maxilla; MD-FOV, mandible; and MM-FOV, maxilla/mandible) and evaluated for the presence of soft tissue calcifications. Laterality and length of the elongated styloid processes (ESP) were also assessed.

Results

Eight hundred eighty-two soft tissue calcifications were detected in 626 (62.6%) patients. MM-FOV presented the highest prevalence (76.8%), followed by MD-FOV (60.6%) and MX-FOV (57.2%). ESP and tonsillolith were the most frequent calcifications. Calcifications requiring treatment or not and those in need of follow-up accounted for 6.9%, 92.7% and 0.3% of cases, respectively. There was no association between calcifications and subjects' gender or age (p>0.05). Most cases of ESP occurred bilaterally and were longer in males (p<0.05).

Conclusions

There is a high prevalence of soft tissue calcifications in CBCT, and ESP and tonsilloliths are the most common types in all evaluated FOVs. While most cases do not require treatment, we emphasize the importance of detailed CBCT assessment for its diagnosis.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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English and language-in-education policy in the ASEAN Plus Three Forum

Volume 19, Issue 3, November 2017, Page 193-196
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Linguistic, religious, and ethnic identities as pathways to peace: views from eight Lisu, Karen, Kachin, and Chin seminary teachers in Myanmar

Volume 19, Issue 3, November 2017, Page 211-227
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Improving the quality of English language teacher educators: a case study at a Cambodian university

Volume 19, Issue 3, November 2017, Page 228-241
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Antitumor miR-150-5p and miR-150-3p inhibit cancer cell aggressiveness by targeting SPOCK1 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Publication date: Available online 9 December 2017
Source:Auris Nasus Larynx
Author(s): Keiichi Koshizuka, Toyoyuki Hanazawa, Naoko Kikkawa, Koji Katada, Atsushi Okato, Takayuki Arai, Tetsuya Idichi, Yusaku Osako, Yoshitaka Okamoto, Naohiko Seki
ObjectiveOur recent studies have revealed that both strands of pre-miRNAs, the guide strand and the passenger strand, are involved in cancer pathogenesis. Analyses of miRNA expression signatures by RNA sequencing in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) showed that both of the strands of pre-miR-150 (miR-150-5p and miR-150-3p) were significantly downregulated, and that these miRNAs acted as antitumor miRNAs in HNSCC cells. The aim of this study was to identify oncogenic genes in HNSCC cells that were regulated by miR-150-5p and miR-150-3p.MethodsGenome-wide gene expression studies, in silico analyses and dual-luciferase reporter assays were carried out to predict miR-150-5p and miR-150-3p regulation in HNSCC cells. Knockdown assay was applied to investigate the functional significance of the target gene. Overall patient survival as a function of target gene expression was estimated by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database.ResultsA total of 19 genes were putative targets of both miR-150-5p and miR-150-3p regulation. Among them, SPOCK1 (SPARC/osteonectin, cwcv and kazal-like domains proteoglycan 1) was directly regulated by both miRNAs in HNSCC cells. Knockdown studies using si-SPOCK1 showed that expression of SPOCK1 enhanced HNSCC cell aggressiveness. Overexpression of SPOCK1/SPOCK1 was confirmed in HNSCC clinical specimens. Interestingly, analysis of a large number of patients in the TCGA database (n=248) demonstrated that patients with high SPOCK1 expression had significantly shorter survival than did those with low SPOCK1 expression (P=0.0003). Moreover, 15 pathways were identified as SPOCK1-mediated downstream pathways.ConclusionDownregulation of both strands of pre-miR-150 (miR-150-5p and miR-150-3p) and overexpression of SPOCK1 contribute to the aggressive nature of HNSCC. The involvement of passenger strand miRNA in the regulation of HNSCC pathogenesis is a novel concept in RNA research.



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Workspace: A Dentist's Office Disguised as an Undersea Playground

We spoke with Joeamy Rios, a dental assistant at Adelberg Montalvan Pediatric Dental and Orthopedics in Nesconset, N.Y., about working in an office with an aquatic theme. Nesconset is a hamlet in Smithtown on Long Island.

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Influence of involuntary cigarette smoke inhalation on osseointegration: a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies

There are no studies that have systematically reviewed the influence of involuntary cigarette smoke inhalation (ICSI) on the stability of implants. The aim of the present study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies that assessed the influence of involuntary cigarette smoke inhalation ICSI on osseointegration. Indexed databases (PubMed, Google-Scholar, Scopus, EMBASE, and Web of Knowledge) were searched till September 2017. Titles and abstracts of studies identified using the above-described protocol were independently screened by 2 authors. (Source: International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery)

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Antitumor miR-150-5p and miR-150-3p inhibit cancer cell aggressiveness by targeting SPOCK1 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Our recent studies have revealed that both strands of pre-miRNAs, the guide strand and the passenger strand, are involved in cancer pathogenesis. Analyses of miRNA expression signatures by RNA sequencing in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) showed that both of the strands of pre-miR-150 (miR-150-5p and miR-150-3p) were significantly downregulated, and that these miRNAs acted as antitumor miRNAs in HNSCC cells. The aim of this study was to identify oncogenic genes in HNSCC cells that were regulated by miR-150-5p and miR-150-3p.

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Influence of involuntary cigarette smoke inhalation on osseointegration: a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies

There are no studies that have systematically reviewed the influence of involuntary cigarette smoke inhalation (ICSI) on the stability of implants. The aim of the present study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies that assessed the influence of involuntary cigarette smoke inhalation ICSI on osseointegration. Indexed databases (PubMed, Google-Scholar, Scopus, EMBASE, and Web of Knowledge) were searched till September 2017. Titles and abstracts of studies identified using the above-described protocol were independently screened by 2 authors.

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Identification of human papillomavirus (HPV) subtype in oral cancer patients through microarray technology

Abstract

Purpose

Human papilloma virus (HPV) is the main source of cervical cancer. Many recent studies have revealed the prevalence and prognosis of HPV associated with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, but fewer reports have evaluated HPV in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and prognosis of HPV associated with OSCC according to HPV and tumor types.

Materials and methods

We used a DNA chip kit (MY-HPV chip kit ^®, Mygene Co., Korea) to detect high-risk HPV subtypes (16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 54, 56, 58) and low-risk subtypes (6, 11, 34, 40, 42, 43, 44) among 187 patients. The prevalence was determined by Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests, and the prognosis was calculated by the Kaplan–Meier method and the log-rank test.

Results

The overall prevalence of HPV in OSCC was 7.0% for all HPV positives and 4.3% for high-risk HPV positives. The prevalence of HPV was significantly higher in individuals under 65 years old and in those with tumors in the tongue and gum regions. The prognosis did not differ between the HPV-positive and -negative groups. Although the prevalence of HPV-positive cases in OSCC was low (7.0, 4.3%) and the prognosis did not depend on HPV positivity, HPV-associated OSCC should be considered in the evaluation and treatment of oral cancer patients. In addition, separating high- and low-risk groups based on the HPV status of other body parts might not be appropriate.

Discussion

The DNA microarray method can accurately detect known HPV subtypes simultaneously, but has limitations in detecting new subtypes. Vaccines can also be used to prevent HPV-associated OSCC in patients, so further studies on the prognosis and efficacy of vaccines should be undertaken.

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Pattern of care and impact of prognostic factors on the outcome of head and neck extramedullary plasmacytoma: a systematic review and individual patient data analysis of 315 cases

Abstract

Introduction

Head and neck extramedullary plasmacytoma is a rare localized plasma cell neoplasm. We intended to perform this review of the published literature to assess the demographic profile, pattern of care and survival outcomes.

Methods

Two authors independently searched PubMed, Google search and Cochrane library for eligible studies from 1950 till July 1, 2016, published in English language.

Results

Median age of the cohort was 57 years (range 11–85). Site-wise distributions were paranasal sinuses 22.3% (70), nasal cavity 17.5% (55), nasopharynx 10.8% (34). Median size of SEMP was 3 cm (range 0.3–12 cm). Treatment distribution was radiotherapy (RT) in 52% (164), surgery (S) 19% (60), chemotherapy (C) 5% (16), S + RT 23.49% (74),CRT 1.9% (6), S + C 0.6% (2), S + RT + C 0.95% (3).Radiation was used as a modality in 78.4%(247), surgery in 44.1%(139), chemotherapy in 4.8%(15). Median radiation dose used was 45 Gy with range 20–61 Gy. Median overall survival (OS) was 40 months (range 0.5–298). Median local progression-free survival was 36 months (range 0–298). Median myeloma relapse-free survival was 36 months (range 0.5–298). Five- and 10-year OS was 78.33 and 68.61%. Five-year cause-specific survival (CSS) and 10-year CSS was 90.15 and 83.31%. Five-year LPFS was 94.78%, and 10-year LPFS was 88.43%. Five-year myeloma progression-free survival was 84.46%, and 10-year myeloma PFS was 80.44%. The factors associated with risk of local relapse were site of disease (sinonasal), secretory EMP, type of treatment received (surgery + RT > RT alone > surgery on univariate analysis). Risk factors for myeloma relapse were coexisting diseases, site of disease (sinonasal), bony erosion, size of lesion > 5 cm and type of treatment received on univariate analysis.

Conclusion

Our study shows that combined modality S + RT is superior compared to uni-modality in preventing local recurrence. Radiation dose of 45 Gy is optimal. Nodal irradiation has no impact on local recurrence.

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Association between continuous positive airway pressure and serum aminotransferases in patients with obstructive sleep apnea

Abstract

Introduction

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been suggested to be a potential contributing factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Studies on the association between continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and NAFLD in OSA patients are limited and controversial.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between OSA and NAFLD and the effect of CPAP therapy on serum aminotransferase levels in OSA patients.

Methods

A total of 160 consecutive patients who underwent standard polysomnography were enrolled. Blood samples were obtained in the morning after sleep for biological profile measurements. Non-invasive ultrasound techniques were used to assess liver steatosis and fibrosis. Within the OSA group, serum aminotransferases were detected before and after CPAP treatment.

Results

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyltransferase, and liver steatosis score increased significantly with an increase in OSA severity. Stepwise multiple regression with liver steatosis score, ALT, AST as dependent variable, respectively, apnea–hypopnea index (β = 0.447, p = 0.020; β = 0.266, p = 0.001; β = 0.351, p = 0.020, respectively) significantly predicted the liver steatosis score, ALT, AST after adjustment for confounders. After 3 months of CPAP treatment, there was a significant decrease in both ALT (54.20 ± 24.34 vs. 46.52 ± 24.95, p = 0.000) and AST (31.82 ± 8.91 vs. 29.00 ± 8.34, p = 0.039).

Conclusions

OSA severity was independently associated with liver steatosis and elevation of serum aminotransferases. 3 months of CPAP therapy were associated with a statistically significant improvement on liver injury in OSA patients.

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Digital diagnosis and treatment program for maxillofacial fractures: a retrospective analysis of 626 cases

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of digital diagnosis and treatmentprogramformaxillofacial fractures.

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John McCain Is My Hero

After I joined the Navy in 1985, I was sent to Newport, R.I., for training. As a Navy dentist, I needed to learn about the world I had entered.

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Basil A. Pruitt, Jr., MD, and the US Army Institute for Surgical Research: Five decades of science, clinical care, mentorship, and leadership

ABSTRACT Over the past half century, Dr. Basil A. Pruitt, Jr., a great citizen, surgeon, innovator, mentor, and leader, transformed our world through his dogged commitment to science and service to humanity. Dr. Pruitt's contribution lives on in the work of the US Army Institute of Surgical Research and the surgeons, physicians and scientists he shaped and inspired.

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Is Illinois turning to pot?

Illinois is carefully evaluating its pilot program of the sale of medical marijuana, and while the revenue recreational marijuana sales could produce may be tempting for lawmakers, Illinois has not gone down that path yet. its availability as a prescribed pain reliever for patients who can't tolerate other medications, or as an alternative to opioids; It was 2013 when the Illinois General Assembly approved the pilot medical cannabis program; dispensaries started opening by 2015.

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Leading 3D printing enterprises respond to FDA guidance for medical sector

3D printing for healthcare and medical applications is an area where significant progress has already been made. The recent statement by FDA Commissioner Dr. Scott Gottlieb on 3D printing for the medical sector also reaffirmed the agency's commitment to a "new era of 3D printing of medical products." 3D Printing Industry asked some of the […]

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Dr Michael Pilon Retired Dentist

TOAST MASTERS PUBLIC SPEAKING EXPERIENCE, UNIVERSITY LEVEL LECTURER, EMOTE WELL, ENGLISH FRENCH CANADIAN AND PARISIAN, GERMAN AND SPANISH WITH ENGLISH ACCENT He was on Television and radio close to 30 times, as he became involved in a War Memorial incident in Ottawa . He received many calls of support and several noted that he had a great voice.

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Pattern of care and impact of prognostic factors on the outcome of head and neck extramedullary plasmacytoma: a systematic review and individual patient data analysis of 315 cases

Abstract

Introduction

Head and neck extramedullary plasmacytoma is a rare localized plasma cell neoplasm. We intended to perform this review of the published literature to assess the demographic profile, pattern of care and survival outcomes.

Methods

Two authors independently searched PubMed, Google search and Cochrane library for eligible studies from 1950 till July 1, 2016, published in English language.

Results

Median age of the cohort was 57 years (range 11–85). Site-wise distributions were paranasal sinuses 22.3% (70), nasal cavity 17.5% (55), nasopharynx 10.8% (34). Median size of SEMP was 3 cm (range 0.3–12 cm). Treatment distribution was radiotherapy (RT) in 52% (164), surgery (S) 19% (60), chemotherapy (C) 5% (16), S + RT 23.49% (74),CRT 1.9% (6), S + C 0.6% (2), S + RT + C 0.95% (3).Radiation was used as a modality in 78.4%(247), surgery in 44.1%(139), chemotherapy in 4.8%(15). Median radiation dose used was 45 Gy with range 20–61 Gy. Median overall survival (OS) was 40 months (range 0.5–298). Median local progression-free survival was 36 months (range 0–298). Median myeloma relapse-free survival was 36 months (range 0.5–298). Five- and 10-year OS was 78.33 and 68.61%. Five-year cause-specific survival (CSS) and 10-year CSS was 90.15 and 83.31%. Five-year LPFS was 94.78%, and 10-year LPFS was 88.43%. Five-year myeloma progression-free survival was 84.46%, and 10-year myeloma PFS was 80.44%. The factors associated with risk of local relapse were site of disease (sinonasal), secretory EMP, type of treatment received (surgery + RT > RT alone > surgery on univariate analysis). Risk factors for myeloma relapse were coexisting diseases, site of disease (sinonasal), bony erosion, size of lesion > 5 cm and type of treatment received on univariate analysis.

Conclusion

Our study shows that combined modality S + RT is superior compared to uni-modality in preventing local recurrence. Radiation dose of 45 Gy is optimal. Nodal irradiation has no impact on local recurrence.

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Gongylonema pulchrum infection in the human oral cavity – a case report and literature review

Publication date: Available online 8 December 2017
Source:Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology
Author(s): Xiaodan Liu, Zhensheng Wang, Ying Han, Hongwei Liu, Jianqiu Jin, Peiru Zhou, Sha Su, Zhimin Yan
Gongylonema infection is a zoonotic disease occurring throughout the world and is mainly caused by consumption of contaminated water and raw food. Adult Gongylonema worms can exist as parasites in the human body for up to 10 years and cause symptoms of local irritation in the oral cavity, oesophagus, and pharynx. Herein, we report a rare case in which live Gongylonema pulchrum was detected and extracted from the oral cavity of a woman. The pathogen was confirmed as G. pulchrum on the basis of microscopic examination and morphological analysis. The patient's symptoms resolved immediately after surgical removal of the parasite, and the patient has been advised not to drink water that has not been boiled and to avoid consuming unwashed raw vegetables.



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Quality and readability of internet-based information on halitosis

Publication date: Available online 8 December 2017
Source:Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology
Author(s): Jung Hwan Jo, Eui Joo Kim, Ji Rak Kim, Moon Jong Kim, Jin Woo Chung, Ji Woon Park
ObjectiveTo evaluate quality and readability of Internet-based information on halitosis.Study DesignAn Internet search through three engines (Google, Yahoo and Bing) was done with the terms ("bad breath", "halitosis", "oral malodor", "foul breath", "mouth malodor", "breath malodor", "fetor ex ore", "fetor oris", "ozostomia", and "stomatodysodia"). The first 50 websites from each engine resulting from each search term were screened. Included websites were evaluated using Health on the Net(HON) criteria, Journal of American Medical Association(JAMA) benchmarks, DISCERN, Ensuring Quality Information for Patients(EQIP), Flesch Reading Ease(FRE) score and Flesch-Kincaid Grade level.ResultsOne hundred and one websites were included. HON, DISCERN, EQIP, and FRE score were 42.9%, 37.6%, 37.4%, and 51.9% of the maximum score, respectively. Fewer than 50% of sites displayed attribution, disclosure, and currency according to JAMA benchmarks. HON score, DISCERN score and EQIP score showed significant correlation with each other and were significantly higher in sites displaying the HON seal.ConclusionThe current quality and readability of informative websites on halitosis are generally low and poorly organized. Clinicians should be able to assess the Internet-based information on halitosis, as well as give accurate advice and guide patients concerning this issue.



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Identification of human papillomavirus (HPV) subtype in oral cancer patients through microarray technology

Abstract

Purpose

Human papilloma virus (HPV) is the main source of cervical cancer. Many recent studies have revealed the prevalence and prognosis of HPV associated with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, but fewer reports have evaluated HPV in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and prognosis of HPV associated with OSCC according to HPV and tumor types.

Materials and methods

We used a DNA chip kit (MY-HPV chip kit ^®, Mygene Co., Korea) to detect high-risk HPV subtypes (16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 54, 56, 58) and low-risk subtypes (6, 11, 34, 40, 42, 43, 44) among 187 patients. The prevalence was determined by Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests, and the prognosis was calculated by the Kaplan–Meier method and the log-rank test.

Results

The overall prevalence of HPV in OSCC was 7.0% for all HPV positives and 4.3% for high-risk HPV positives. The prevalence of HPV was significantly higher in individuals under 65 years old and in those with tumors in the tongue and gum regions. The prognosis did not differ between the HPV-positive and -negative groups. Although the prevalence of HPV-positive cases in OSCC was low (7.0, 4.3%) and the prognosis did not depend on HPV positivity, HPV-associated OSCC should be considered in the evaluation and treatment of oral cancer patients. In addition, separating high- and low-risk groups based on the HPV status of other body parts might not be appropriate.

Discussion

The DNA microarray method can accurately detect known HPV subtypes simultaneously, but has limitations in detecting new subtypes. Vaccines can also be used to prevent HPV-associated OSCC in patients, so further studies on the prognosis and efficacy of vaccines should be undertaken.

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Evaluation of Industrial Biocides on a Novel Aspergillus versicolor TANCK-1 and Elucidation of Their Probable Biocidal Mechanism

Abstract

In the present investigation, a novel fungus was isolated from leather watch strap and identified as Aspergillus versicolor TANCK-1 by 18 s rRNA sequencing. The isolated fungus was evaluated against three structurally different fungicides such as 2-(thiocyanomethylthio)benzothiazole (TCMTB), potassium dimethyldithiocarbamate (KDDC) and 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNP) to control the fungal growth. Among these, TCMTB was found to effectively inhibit the growth at a minimum concentration of 31.2 µg/mL as compared to 1250 and 625 µg/mL for KDDC and DBNP respectively. Increased membrane permeability in the fungicide treated samples was evident from cellular release and decrease in cellular ergosterol content. Nevertheless, SEM analysis revealed a considerable change in fungicide treated mycelium with the collapse of hyphae structure and shrunken spores, which was observed to be very pronounced in KDDC and DBNP. Results indicated that all three biocides bring about inhibition through membrane damage with almost negligible effect on the cell wall.

Graphical Abstract

Schematic diagram explaining the fungicidal action on Aspergillus versicolor TANCK-1

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Sexual Consent as a Scientific A Literature Review

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Assessing the Effectiveness of Wise Guys: A Mixed-Methods Approach

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Alcoholism and Heredity

In the middle of last year Professor Karl Pearson and Miss Elderton published a memoir entitled "A First Study of the Influence of Parental Alcoholism on the Physique and Ability of the Offspring." Since that time a violent controversy has taken place in the Times, the British Medical Journal, the Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, and elsewhere upon this matter. The controversy has covered so large an area and has been concerned to so great an extent with points of detail that the broad issue of chief interest to practical reformers has perhaps become somewhat obscured. That issue may, I conceive, be stated thus: "Would the introduction of a law leading to a diminution in the amount of parental alcoholism in any generation be likely to bring about an improvement in the physique and ability of the succeeding generation?" It is believed by some that this question can be answered in the negative as a result of statistical research into a comparative physique and ability of the descendants of alcoholic and non-alcoholic parents respectively in some carefully chosen district. This view is not, I should say, one which can fairly be imputed to Professor Pearson and Miss Elderton; and the paragraphs that follow are not intended as an attack on their work. My purpose is not to enter at this late stage into the controversy between these authors and their critics, but to examine directly the belief which I have formulated above.

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Author’s response to Porter and Keefe letter to the editor regarding ‘new frontiers in couple-based interventions in cancer care: refining the prescription for spousal communication’

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Winnipeg dentist turning baby teeth black - to keep kids out of surgery

A new treatment for tooth cavities could mean that fewer kids need to squirm through complex dental surgeries or go under general anesthetic. A new treatment for dental cavities could mean that fewer kids need to squirm through complex dental surgeries or go under general anesthetic.

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The distinct effects of orally administered Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis C59 on gene expression in the murine small intestine.

The distinct effects of orally administered Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis C59 on gene expression in the murine small intestine.

PLoS One. 2017;12(12):e0188985

Authors: Suzuki C, Aoki-Yoshida A, Aoki R, Sasaki K, Takayama Y, Mizumachi K

Abstract
The molecular mechanisms of strain-specific probiotic effects and the impact of the oral administration of probiotic strains on the host's gene expression are not yet well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the strain-specific effects of probiotic strain intake on gene expression in the murine small intestine. Two distinct strains of lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (GG) and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis C59 (C59), were orally administered to BALB/c mice, daily for 2 weeks. The total RNA was isolated from the upper (including the duodenum) and lower (the terminal ileum) small intestine, and gene expression was assessed by microarray analysis. The data revealed (1) oral administration of C59 and GG markedly down-regulated the expression of genes encoding fibrinogen subunits and plasminogen in the upper small intestine; (2) administration of more than 1 × 107 CFU/day of GG changed the gene expression of the host ileum. (3) strain- and dose-related effects on various GO biological processes; and (4) enrichment for B cell-related Gene Ontology terms among up-regulated genes in the terminal ileum of mice administered the 1 × 109 CFU/day of GG. The distinct effects of GG and C59 on gene expression in the intact small intestine provide clues to understand how the health beneficial effects of specific strains of probiotic bacteria are mediated by interactions with intestinal cells.

PMID: 29220366 [PubMed - in process]

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A novel approach to treat peri implantitis with the help of PRF.

Related Articles

A novel approach to treat peri implantitis with the help of PRF.

Pan Afr Med J. 2017;27:256

Authors: Shah R, Shah H, Shetty O, Mistry G

Abstract
A new field of biomédical science, known as tissue engineering, applies the principles of biology and engineering to the development of functional substitutes for tissues and organs. Little is known about the influence of Keratinised Mucosa dimension around implants on the soft and hard tissue health The purpose of this case report is to understand the importance of healthy tissue around the implants for long term success and how biomimetic materials like PRF Membrane can be incorporated in treatment plan as an important modality in selected cases.

PMID: 29187925 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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HIV-Associated Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis at San Francisco General Hospital.

Related Articles

HIV-Associated Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis at San Francisco General Hospital.

J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care. 2017 Jan/Feb;16(1):37-41

Authors: Tseng J, Maurer T, Mutizwa MM

Abstract
OBJECTIVES: We sought to characterize recent cases of toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) in HIV-infected patients at San Francisco General Hospital (SFGH), a large HIV referral center.
METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of HIV-infected patients diagnosed with TEN from January 2001 to May 2014 at SFGH.
RESULTS: Ten cases of TEN were identified, 50% of which occurred in HIV-infected individuals. Among the HIV-associated cases, causative agents were trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX; n = 2), atovaquone, clindamycin, and fluconazole. No antiretroviral agents were implicated.
CONCLUSION: Although limited by small sample size, our experience is reflective of the well-recognized increased incidence of TEN in HIV-positive patients and suggests that antimicrobial agents, particularly TMP-SMX, are the most common causative agents in this population. As 3 of the 5 HIV-associated TEN cases were caused by potentially inappropriate or unnecessary use of antibiotics, our experience highlights the importance of judicious use of systemic medications in populations susceptible to severe adverse drug reactions.

PMID: 26685211 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Evaluation and interpretation of the bucket test in healthy individuals

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Cyclic fatigue and torsional strength of three different thermally treated reciprocating nickel-titanium instruments

Abstract

Objectives

The aim of this study was to evaluate the cyclic and torsional fatigue resistance of the reciprocating single-file systems Reciproc Blue 25.08 (VDW GmbH, Munich, Germany), Prodesign R 25.06 (Easy Dental Equipment, Belo Horizonte, Brazil), and WaveOne Gold 25.07 (Dentsply/Tulsa Dental Specialties, Tulsa, OK, USA).

Materials and methods

Sixty reciprocating instruments of the systems Reciproc Blue R25 (RB #25 .08 taper), Prodesign R (PDR #25 .06 taper), and WaveOne Gold (WOG #25 .07 taper) (n = 20) were used. Cyclic fatigue resistance testing was performed by measuring the time to failure in an artificial stainless steel canal with a 60° angle of curvature and a 5-mm radius located 5 mm from the tip (n = 10). The torsional test (ISO 3630-1) evaluated the torque and angle of rotation at failure of new instruments (n = 10) in the portion 3 mm from the tip. The fractured surface of each fragment was also observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, a supplementary examination was performed to measure the cross-sectional area of each instrument 3 and 5 mm from the tip. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test, and the level of significance was set at 5%.

Results

The cyclic fatigue resistance values of PDR 25.06 were significantly higher (P < 0.05). RB 25.08 showed higher fatigue resistance than WOG 25.07 (P < 0.05). The torsional test showed that PDR 25.06 had lower torsional strength (P < 0.05). No differences were observed between RB 25.08 and WOG 25.07 (P > 0.05). PDR 25.06 showed higher angular rotation values than RB 25.08 and WOG 25.07 (P < 0.05). RB 25.08 presented higher angular rotation than WOG 25.07 (P < 0.05). The cross-sectional area analysis showed that PDR 25.06 presented the smallest cross-sectional areas at 3 and 5 mm from the tip (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

PDR 25.06 presented the highest cyclic fatigue resistance and angular rotation until fracture compared to RB 25.08 and WOG 25.07. In addition, RB 25.08 and WOG 25.07 had higher torsional strength than PDR 25.06.

Clinical relevance

In endodontic practice, thermally treated reciprocating instruments have been used for the root canal preparation of curved and constricted canals; therefore, these instruments should present high flexibility and suitable torsional strength to minimize the risk of instrument fracture.

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Relationship between caries experience and demarcated hypomineralised lesions (including MIH) in the permanent dentition of 15-year-olds

Abstract

Objective

This cross-sectional study compared the caries experience in 15-year-olds with and without demarcated hypomineralised lesions (DHL) in permanent teeth.

Material and methods

One thousand three hundred and two 15-year-old adolescents from two ongoing birth cohorts (GINIplus15 and LISAplus15) were examined to determine non-cavitated carious lesions (NCCL) and the DMF index. Furthermore, DHL was scored on all permanent teeth/surfaces according to the molar-incisor hypomineralisation criteria of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (MIH/EAPD). Adolescents with DHL were categorised into those with a minimum of one DHL in the permanent dentition (DHL ≥ 1), with DHL on at least one first permanent molar (MIH/EAPD) and with DHL on at least one first permanent molar and permanent incisor (MIH/Severe). The study was conducted in the metropolitan area of Munich.

Results

The proportion of children without caries amounted to 63.7% (DMF > 0) and 26.0% (D_1-4MF > 0); the caries experience was mean = 4.0(SD = 5.2) NCCL/T and 0.9(1.7) DMF/T. Existence of DHL ≥ 1, MIH/EAPD and MIH/Severe was detected in 40.2, 17.2 and 9.8% of all adolescents, respectively. The corresponding DMF/T values were: no DHL 0.9(1.7); DHL ≥ 1 1.0(1.7); MIH/EAPD 1.1(1.6); MIH/Severe 1.1(1.7). The group of adolescents with MIH/EAPD and MIH/Severe were found to have statistically higher caries rates in comparison to those with no DHL.

Conclusions

Caries and DHL are prevalent and influenced the dental health of 15-year-old adolescents. A significant positive association existed between the presence of caries and DHL.

Clinical relevance

Children with MIH/EAPD or MIH/Severe had a higher probability to develop carious lesions in the permanent dentition.

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"Is it Sjogren's syndrome or burning mouth syndrome? Distinct pathoses with similar oral symptoms"-a commentary.

Related Articles

"Is it Sjogren's syndrome or burning mouth syndrome? Distinct pathoses with similar oral symptoms"-a commentary.

Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2017 Oct 20;:

Authors: Mortazavi H, Anbari F

PMID: 29217136 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Incidence of diabetes and its mortality according to body mass index in South Koreans aged 40–79 years

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Differences between osteoradionecrosis and medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw

Abstract

Purpose

The appearance of osteoradionecrosis (ORN) and medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is similar, but clinically important differences between ORN and MRONJ exist. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical data between ORN and MRONJ and to reveal the critical differences between these diseases.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the epidemiological data, clinical findings, and treatment in 27 ORN and 61 MRONJ patients. Radiographic signs before the initiation of treatment were also assessed.

Results

The median age (P = 0.0474) and the ratio of female to male patients (P < 0.0001) were significantly higher in MRONJ patients. There were significantly more MRONJ patients who reported a history of pain when compared with ORN patients (P = 0.0263). As an aetiological factor, tooth extraction was significantly more relevant to MRONJ than ORN (P = 0.0352). When assessing the radiographic signs on computed tomographic images, periosteal reaction was found only in MRONJ patients (P = 0.0158). Minimal debridement was performed significantly more frequently for MRONJ (P = 0.0093), and by contrast, surgical resection was performed more frequently for ORN (P = 0.0002).

Conclusions

Understanding the clinical and underlying pathological differences between ORN and MRONJ probably contributes to the selection of appropriate treatment for each patient.

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Association between continuous positive airway pressure and serum aminotransferases in patients with obstructive sleep apnea

Abstract

Introduction

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been suggested to be a potential contributing factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Studies on the association between continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and NAFLD in OSA patients are limited and controversial.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between OSA and NAFLD and the effect of CPAP therapy on serum aminotransferase levels in OSA patients.

Methods

A total of 160 consecutive patients who underwent standard polysomnography were enrolled. Blood samples were obtained in the morning after sleep for biological profile measurements. Non-invasive ultrasound techniques were used to assess liver steatosis and fibrosis. Within the OSA group, serum aminotransferases were detected before and after CPAP treatment.

Results

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyltransferase, and liver steatosis score increased significantly with an increase in OSA severity. Stepwise multiple regression with liver steatosis score, ALT, AST as dependent variable, respectively, apnea–hypopnea index (β = 0.447, p = 0.020; β = 0.266, p = 0.001; β = 0.351, p = 0.020, respectively) significantly predicted the liver steatosis score, ALT, AST after adjustment for confounders. After 3 months of CPAP treatment, there was a significant decrease in both ALT (54.20 ± 24.34 vs. 46.52 ± 24.95, p = 0.000) and AST (31.82 ± 8.91 vs. 29.00 ± 8.34, p = 0.039).

Conclusions

OSA severity was independently associated with liver steatosis and elevation of serum aminotransferases. 3 months of CPAP therapy were associated with a statistically significant improvement on liver injury in OSA patients.

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Mine the Gap: More Women Embrace Mining Careers

Women in Australia's mining industry earn on average 15% less than male counterparts, though the difference is narrowing, government data show Sammy Petrucco, second from left, swapped managing a dental practice for operating a ship loader that pours tons of iron ore onto awaiting ships in Port Hedland, Australia. PORT HEDLAND, Australia-In this sprawling port in Western Australia's remote Pilbara region, Sammy Petrucco this year swapped managing a dental practice for operating a ship loader that pours tons of iron ore onto awaiting ships.

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