Perceptions of the dental profession: a comparative analysis through scale development

Dentistry is a science-based profession that has a close interaction with people and society. However, despite this close interaction, perceptions of the dental profession by both patients and dental professionals have received little research attention. The purpose of this study was to compare the perceptions of dentists, dental students, and patients toward the dental profession through the development and testing of the Dental Profession Perceptions Scale (DPPS). The DPPS contains a total of 17 items measured on a 5-point Likert response scale. The DPPS showed excellent internal reliability (Cronbach's α = 0.92) and test–retest reliability (r = 0.93). Explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses of the DPPS showed that dentists', dental students', and patients' perceptions of the dental profession could be grouped according to 'status', 'human', and 'scientific' factors. There were no statistically significant differences between participants' DPPS total or sub-scale scores according to dental group, gender, or income. The DPPS developed can be used in future studies as a psychometrically sound measuring tool. Further studies should examine the factors that may affect the perceptions of the dental profession in different societies and cultures.

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Prolonged use of alendronate alters the biology of cranial repair in estrogen-deficient rats’ associated simultaneous immunohistochemical expression of TGF-β1+, α-ER+, and BMPR1B-

Abstract

Objectives

TGF-β1 is a cytokine that may induce both osteoneogenesis through Runx-2 or fibrosis via the transcription of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Because it has been previously known that alendronate increases the level of TGF-β1 and that under the usual condition of bone metabolism the estrogen may prevent the fibrotic effect of TGF-β1, the aim of this study was to evaluate if alendronate alters the cellular differentiation process post calvarial surgery in estrogen-deficient specimens.

Materials and methods

A transosseous defect that was 5 mm in diameter was created on the calvarium of each of 32 female rats with previous ovarian-salpingo-oophorectomy. All defects were treated with autografts, and 16 rats received the administration of 1 mg/kg of alendronate three times a week until euthanasia on the 15th and 60th day post surgery. Histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analyses of the expression of TGF-β1, estrogen receptor alpha nuclear (α-ER), α-SMA, BMPR1B, and Runx-2 were performed, and ELISA was used to measure the level of estrogen.

Results

All animals demonstrated low levels of estrogen post ovarian-salpingo-oophorectomy. The histological results demonstrated larger bone matrix deposition in specimens treated with alendronate on the 15th day post surgery. The result was associated with a higher co-expression of TGF-β1, BMPR1B, and Runx-2 when compared with the control group. In addition, on the 60th day post surgery, the increase of bone matrix deposition from 15th to 60th day was discrete in specimens treated with alendronate compared with the control group. This result coincided with the intense simultaneous expression of TGF-β1, α-ER, and α-SMA, whereas the expression of BMPR1B and Runx-2 decreased.

Conclusion

The prolonged administration of alendronate altered the cranial repair in ovarian-salpingo-oophorectomized specimens due to the simultaneous occurrence of low estrogen and the presence of TGF-β1+/α-ER+ inducing the presence of α-SMA⁺, whereas BMPR1B and Runx-2 were suppressed.

Clinical relevance

The prolonged administration of alendronate alters osteoneogenesis and induces an unusual microenvironment in the bone that seems to imitate the physiological tissue damage that culminates in the loss of the functional layer of endometrium.

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Null Hypotheses, Interval Estimation, and Bayesian Analysis

Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Volume 157, Issue 6, Page 919-920, December 2017.


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To P or Not to P: Backing Bayesian Statistics

Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Volume 157, Issue 6, Page 915-918, December 2017.


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The P Value Problem in Otolaryngology: Shifting to Effect Sizes and Confidence Intervals

Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Volume 157, Issue 6, Page 1079-1080, December 2017.


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In Reference to: “Can Intracapsular Tonsillectomy Be an Alternative to Classical Tonsillectomy? A Meta-analysis”

Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Volume 157, Issue 6, Page 1080-1080, December 2017.


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Effect Size and Clinical Significance

Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Volume 157, Issue 6, Page 1079-1079, December 2017.


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Highlights from the Current Issue: December 2017

Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Volume 157, Issue 6, Page 913-914, December 2017.


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The impact of silver nanoparticles integration on biofilm formation and mechanical properties of glass ionomer cement

Abstract

Objectives

To study the effect of silver nanoparticles incorporation to glass ionomer cement (GIC) on the Staphylococcus aureus biofilm in terms of bacterial growth and evaluate the incorporating effect on hardness and compressive strength.

Methods

Silver nanopowder was added in concentration 0, 1, 3, and 5 wt% to the conventional powder of GIC Fuji IX GP and then the powder is added to the liquid and mixed together with the recommended Powder/liquid ratio of 3.6:1 g. One hundred and twenty disc and cylindrical-shaped specimens were prepared using teflon molds. The specimens were put in tissue culture plate wells contained S. aureus in brain–heart infusion broth. The plate was incubated at 37°C for 24 h. Specimens were then washed, fixed, dehydrated, and air dried. The spatial distribution of biofilm was examined via scanning electron microscope. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were also evaluated. After setting, the specimens were stored in distilled water for 24 h before testing for microhardness and compressive strength.

Results

Scanning electron photomicrographs of biofilm formed on the control GIC, showed a consistent biofilm with a thick sheet of cells, whereas those formed were less dense at 3 wt% and below the detection limit at 5 wt% silver nanoparticles. MIC and MBC of S. aureus were 25 and 50 µg/mL, respectively. The microhardness and compressive strength values of tested groups showed a nonsignificant decrease from the control group, P = .58 and .82, respectively.

Conclusion

Incorporation of silver nanoparticles with GIC can limit S. aureus biofilm formation with an insignificant effect on mechanical properties and noticeable influence on its coloration, which restrict its usage in areas where esthetic is not of major concern.

Clinical significance

As the modification of GIC with silver nanoparticles improved the antibiofilm properties without altering its mechanical properties, it could be used as a restoration of root carious lesion mainly in nonesthetic areas, a base under composite restorations in deep posterior cavities and as a core material in caries susceptible patients.

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Lessons from Fukushima: Latest Findings of Thyroid Cancer After the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant Accident

Thyroid , Vol. 0, No. 0.


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Patient self-care of periodontal pocket infections

Abstract

Treatment of periodontitis aims to control the infection caused by the periodontal pathogenic flora and includes mechanical debridement of root surfaces to disrupt the supragingival and subgingival biofilm. As periodontal pockets of ≤ 5 mm can be perform in a stable condition and may not need additional therapy, the ability and the willingness of the patient to perform good oral hygiene on a long-term basis are of utmost importance for ensuring long-term success of periodontal treatment. In this context, the aim of all home-care measures must be the optimal control of plaque biofilm in order to prevent or treat gingival inflammation as a primary stage of periodontitis. Despite the fact that toothbrushing and other mechanical cleaning practices are the most important elements for preventing periodontal diseases or their progression, other factors, including education, motivation, manual dexterity and compliance with professional recommendation, provision of time and socio-economic status, as well as risk factors, play a role. The present article provides an overview on the various possibilities for self-care of residual pockets in patients with periodontitis.

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Electronic medical records can be used to emulate target trials of sustained treatment strategies

Publication date: Available online 2 December 2017
Source:Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
Author(s): Goodarz Danaei, Luis Alberto García Rodríguez, Oscar Fernández Cantero, Roger W. Logan, Miguel A. Hernán
ObjectiveTo emulate three target trials: single treatment versus no treatment, joint treatment versus no treatment, and head-to-head comparison of two treatments. We explain how to estimate the observational analogs of intention-to-treat and per-protocol effects, using hazard ratios and survival curves. For per-protocol effects, we describe two methods for adherence adjustment via inverse-probability weighting.Study Design and SettingProspective observational study using electronic medical records of individuals aged 55-84 with coronary heart disease from >500 practices in the United Kingdom between 2000-2010.ResultsThe intention-to-treat mortality hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) was 0.90 (0.84, 0.97) for statins versus no treatment, 0.88 (0.73, 1.06) for statins plus antihypertensives versus no treatment, and 0.91 (0.77, 1.06) for atorvastatin versus simvastatin. When censoring non-adherent person-times, the per-protocol mortality hazard ratio was 0.74 (0.64, 0.85) for statins versus no treatment, 0.55 (0.35, 0.87) for statins plus antihypertensives versus no treatment, and 1.13 (0.88, 1.45) for atorvastatin versus simvastatin. We estimated per-protocol hazard ratios for a 5-year treatment using different dose-response marginal structural models, and standardized survival curves for each target trial using intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses.ConclusionWhen randomized trials are not available or feasible, observational analyses can emulate a variety of target trials.



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One-stage and two-stage meta-analysis of individual participant data led to consistent summarized evidence: lessons learned from combining multiple databases

Publication date: Available online 2 December 2017
Source:Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
Author(s): Lorenza Scotti, Federico Rea, Giovanni Corrao
ObjectiveCombining multiple healthcare databases allows comparing the effects of a wide variety of healthcare services. There is a growing interest in methods for combining the results from multiple databases. We attempted to learn lessons about the performance of one-stage and two-stage approaches from the re-analysis of data drawn from two studies of pharmacoepidemiology based on multiple databases.Study Design and SettingTwo nested case-control studies were carried out for estimating the tricyclic antidepressants-arrhythmia and etoricoxib-heart failure associations, respectively from the Italian I-GrADE and the European SOS programs. The associations of interest were modelled by conditional logistic regression for matched case–control sets, fitting fixed-effect and random-effect models with both one-stage and two-stage approaches.ResultsOne-stage and two-stage approaches gave very similar results, showing uncertainty of tricyclic antidepressants-arrhythmia association (random-effect odds ratios, 95% confidence interval, 1.26, 0.71-2.24, and 1.30, 0.66-2.55, respectively) and statistical evidence for etoricoxib-heart failure association (fixed-effect odds ratios, 95% confidence interval, 1.53, 1.41-1.66, and 1.54, 1.42-1.66, respectively).ConclusionOur study offers further evidence that two-stage approach generates estimates very similar as those from one-stage approach, even in the case of between databases exposure heterogeneity and when several covariates must to be concurrently considered. As current rules limit the free movement of electronic health data, our findings open the door of treating data within the country where they are generated, and then to apply conventional techniques for summarizing estimates, that is the two-stage approach for meta-analysis using individual participant data.



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Maternal diabetes and incidence of childhood cancer – a nationwide cohort study and exploratory genetic analysis

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Ramsgate: Church Hill Dental Practice to close at the end of March next year

Thousands of patients using one NHS dental practice will soon have to look for another dentist as it has been announced it is to close. Church Hill Dental Practice in Ramsgate will shut next March, as a five-year contract which commissions Kent Community Health NHS Foundation Trust to provide care at the practice will not be renewed.

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Retrograde parotidectomy and facial nerve outcomes: A case series of 44 patients (Letter to Editor)

Publication date: Available online 1 December 2017
Source:American Journal of Otolaryngology
Author(s): Tam-Lin Chow




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Lymph node ratio as a prognostic factor for survival in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Publication date: Available online 2 December 2017
Source:Auris Nasus Larynx
Author(s): Daisuke Sano, Kenichiro Yabuki, Hideaki Takahashi, Yasuhiro Arai, Yoshihiro Chiba, Teruhiko Tanabe, Goshi Nishimura, Nobuhiko Oridate
ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to validate the concept of lymph node ratio (LNR) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).MethodsA total of 63 patients with HNSCC who underwent resection of the primary tumor combined with neck dissection in our institution were analyzed in this study. LNR was defined as the number of positive lymph nodes divided by the total number of lymph nodes excised. LNR was categorized into two groups (<0.068 and ≥0.068) according to the results of receiver-operating characteristic plots for determination of the cut-off value.ResultsLNR≥0.068 was associated with poor overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS) after resection of the primary tumor combined with neck dissection in patients with HNSCC. Univariate and multivariate data analysis showed that LNR≥0.068 was an independent prognostic factor for OS, PFS and LRFS. Both pathological T stage status (pT3 or 4) and ≥3 positive LNs were also an independent prognostic factors for PFS in patients with HNSCC in our univariate and multivariate analysis.ConclusionThese results suggested that LNR could be useful tools in identifying HNSCC patients with poor outcomes.



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News and Announcements

Registration for the 18th AAOMS Day on the Hill is scheduled to open January 9. As the Association's foremost grassroots event, Day on the Hill encourages members to advocate to Congressional representatives about issues facing the specialty and its patients. Day on the Hill will be April 17 and 18 at the Renaissance Washington, D.C.

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Surgery for mesothelioma: the evidence base and a pragmatic approach to surgical treatment

Abstract

The authors were invited to provide a summary of the current evidence and an evidence-based approach to practice. Clinical practice guidelines are not available for India and a formal approach to these would require a properly constituted guideline development group rather than an opinion piece from three surgeons. What we have provided is a critical view of current practice and some pointers to a realistic pragmatic approach intended to avoid non-evidence-based practice and excessive harm to no advantage.

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Reducing Urban Violence: A Contrast of Public Health and Criminal Justice Approaches

Background: Cities are investing millions in Cure Violence, a public health approach to reduce urban violence by targeting at-risk youth and redirecting conflict to nonviolent responses. The impact of such a program compared with criminal justice responses is unknown because experiments directly comparing criminal justice and public health approaches to violence prevention are infeasible with observational data. We simulated experiments to test the influence of two interventions on violence: (1) Cure Violence and (2) directed police patrol in violence hot spots. Methods: We used an agent-based model to simulate a 5% sample of the New York City (NYC) adult population, with agents placed on a grid representing the land area of NYC, with neighborhood size and population density proportional to land area and population density in each community district. Agent behaviors were governed by parameters drawn from city data sources and published estimates. Results: Under no intervention, 3.87% (95% CI, 3.84, 3.90) of agents were victimized per year. Implementing the violence interrupter intervention for 10 years decreased victimization by 13% (to 3.35% [3.32, 3.39]). Implementing hot-spots policing and doubling the police force for 10 years reduced annual victimization by about 11% (to 3.46% [3.42, 3.49]). Increasing the police force by 40% combined with implementing the violence interrupter intervention for 10 years decreased violence by 19% (to 3.13% [3.09, 3.16]). Conclusions: Combined investment in a public health, community-based approach to violence prevention and a criminal justice approach focused on deterrence can achieve more to reduce population-level rates of urban violence than either can in isolation. See video abstract at, http://ift.tt/2j5JzT4.

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Using Super Learner Prediction Modeling to Improve High-dimensional Propensity Score Estimation

The high-dimensional propensity score is a semiautomated variable selection algorithm that can supplement expert knowledge to improve confounding control in nonexperimental medical studies utilizing electronic healthcare databases. Although the algorithm can be used to generate hundreds of patient-level variables and rank them by their potential confounding impact, it remains unclear how to select the optimal number of variables for adjustment. We used plasmode simulations based on empirical data to discuss and evaluate data-adaptive approaches for variable selection and prediction modeling that can be combined with the high-dimensional propensity score to improve confounding control in large healthcare databases. We considered approaches that combine the high-dimensional propensity score with Super Learner prediction modeling, a scalable version of collaborative targeted maximum-likelihood estimation, and penalized regression. We evaluated performance using bias and mean squared error (MSE) in effect estimates. Results showed that the high-dimensional propensity score can be sensitive to the number of variables included for adjustment and that severe overfitting of the propensity score model can negatively impact the properties of effect estimates. Combining the high-dimensional propensity score with Super Learner was the most consistent strategy, in terms of reducing bias and MSE in the effect estimates, and may be promising for semiautomated data-adaptive propensity score estimation in high-dimensional covariate datasets.

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New Designs for New Epidemiology

No abstract available

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Extending the Case–Control Design to Longitudinal Data: Stratified Sampling Based on Repeated Binary Outcomes

We detail study design options that generalize case–control sampling when longitudinal outcome data are already collected as part of a primary cohort study, but new exposure data must be retrospectively processed for a secondary analysis. Furthermore, we assume that cost will limit the size of the subsample that can be evaluated. We describe a novel class of stratified outcome-dependent sampling designs for longitudinal binary response data where distinct strata are created for subjects who never, sometimes, and always experienced the event of interest during longitudinal follow-up. Individual designs within this class are differentiated by the stratum-specific sampling probabilities. We show for parameters associated with time-varying exposures, subjects who experience the event/outcome at some but not at all of the follow-up times (i.e., those who exhibit response variation) are highly informative. If the time-varying exposure varies exclusively within individuals (i.e., intraclass correlation coefficient is 0), then sampling all subjects with response variability can yield highly precise parameter estimates even when compared with an analysis of the original cohort. The flexibility of the designs and analysis procedures also permits estimation of parameters that correspond to time-fixed covariates, and we show that with an imputation-based estimation procedure, baseline covariate associations can be estimated with very high precision irrespective of the design. We demonstrate features of the designs and analysis procedures via a plasmode simulation using data from the Lung Health Study.

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Outcome-related, Auxiliary Variable Sampling Designs for Longitudinal Binary Data

Background: Epidemiologists have long used case–control and related study designs to enhance variability of response and information available to estimate exposure–disease associations. Less has been done for longitudinal data. Methods: We discuss an epidemiological study design and analysis approach for longitudinal binary response data. We seek to gain statistical efficiency by oversampling relatively informative subjects for inclusion into the sample. In this methodological demonstration, we develop this concept by sampling repeatedly from an existing cohort study to estimate the relationship of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to past-year smoking in a panel of baseline smokers. To account for oversampling, we describe a sequential offsetted regressions approach for valid inferences in this setting. Results: Targeted sampling can lead to increased statistical efficiency when combined with sequential offsetted regressions. Efficiency gains are degraded with increased prevalence of the disease response variable, with decreased association between the sampling variable and the response, and with other design and analysis parameters, providing guidance to those wishing to use these types of designs in the future. Conclusions: These designs hold promise for efficient use of resources in longitudinal cohort studies.

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On the Analysis of Case–Control Studies in Cluster-correlated Data Settings

In resource-limited settings, long-term evaluation of national antiretroviral treatment (ART) programs often relies on aggregated data, the analysis of which may be subject to ecological bias. As researchers and policy makers consider evaluating individual-level outcomes such as treatment adherence or mortality, the well-known case–control design is appealing in that it provides efficiency gains over random sampling. In the context that motivates this article, valid estimation and inference requires acknowledging any clustering, although, to our knowledge, no statistical methods have been published for the analysis of case–control data for which the underlying population exhibits clustering. Furthermore, in the specific context of an ongoing collaboration in Malawi, rather than performing case–control sampling across all clinics, case–control sampling within clinics has been suggested as a more practical strategy. To our knowledge, although similar outcome-dependent sampling schemes have been described in the literature, a case–control design specific to correlated data settings is new. In this article, we describe this design, discuss balanced versus unbalanced sampling techniques, and provide a general approach to analyzing case–control studies in cluster-correlated settings based on inverse probability–weighted generalized estimating equations. Inference is based on a robust sandwich estimator with correlation parameters estimated to ensure appropriate accounting of the outcome-dependent sampling scheme. We conduct comprehensive simulations, based in part on real data on a sample of N = 78,155 program registrants in Malawi between 2005 and 2007, to evaluate small-sample operating characteristics and potential trade-offs associated with standard case–control sampling or when case–control sampling is performed within clusters.

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Perineal Talc Use and Ovarian Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: It has been posited that there is an association between perineal talc use and the incidence of ovarian cancer. To date, this has only been explored in observational studies. Objectives: To perform a meta-analysis to evaluate the association between perineal talc use and risk of ovarian cancer. Methods: Studies were identified using six electronic databases. Observational studies involving at least 50 cases of ovarian cancer were eligible for inclusion. We analyzed the association between ovarian cancer, including specific types, and any perineal talc use, long-term (>10 years) use, total lifetime applications, and use on diaphragms or sanitary napkins. A subgroup analysis was performed, stratifying by study design and population. Results: We identified 24 case–control (13,421 cases) and three cohort studies (890 cases, 181,860 person-years). Any perineal talc use was associated with increased risk of ovarian cancer (OR = 1.31; 95% CI = 1.24, 1.39). More than 3600 lifetime applications (OR = 1.42; 95% CI = 1.25, 1.61) were slightly more associated with ovarian cancer than

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Exposure to Mobile Source Air Pollution in Early-life and Childhood Asthma Incidence: The Kaiser Air Pollution and Pediatric Asthma Study

Background: Early-life exposure to traffic-related air pollution exacerbates childhood asthma, but it is unclear what role it plays in asthma development. Methods: The association between exposure to primary mobile source pollutants during pregnancy and during infancy and asthma incidence by ages 2 through 6 was examined in the Kaiser Air Pollution and Pediatric Asthma Study, a racially diverse birth cohort of 24,608 children born between 2000 and 2010 and insured by Kaiser Permanente Georgia. We estimated concentrations of mobile source fine particulate matter (PM2.5, µg/m3), nitrogen oxides (NOX, ppb), and carbon monoxide (CO, ppm) at the maternal and child residence using a Research LINE source dispersion model for near-surface releases. Asthma was defined using diagnoses and medication dispensings from medical records. We used binomial generalized linear regression to model the impact of exposure continuously and by quintiles on asthma risk. Results: Controlling for covariates and modeling log-transformed exposure, a 2.7-fold increase in first year of life PM2.5 was associated with an absolute 4.1% (95% confidence interval, 1.6%, 6.6%) increase in risk of asthma by age 5. Quintile analysis showed an increase in risk from the first to second quintile, but similar risk across quintiles 2–5. Risk differences increased with follow-up age. Results were similar for NOX and CO and for exposure during pregnancy and the first year of life owing to high correlation. Conclusions: Results provide limited evidence for an association of early-life mobile source air pollution with childhood asthma incidence with a steeper concentration–response relationship observed at lower levels of exposure.

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Correspondence Between Results and Aims of Funding Support in EPIDEMIOLOGY Articles

No abstract available

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Scientists Must Shape Our Future as They Have Shaped Our Past: Perspective of the Former US EPA Administrator

No abstract available

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The Sustainable Development Goals and Health Equity

No abstract available

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A biocompatible decellularised pulp scaffold for regenerative endodontics

Abstract

Aim

To investigate the feasibility of decellularising the entire dental pulp using a mild treatment protocol to develop a decellularised biological extracellular matrix scaffold for use in regenerative endodontic procedures.

Methodology

Decellularised human dental pulps were assessed using histological and immunohistochemical methods, scanning electron microscope and DNA quantification assay. Cytotoxicity assays to determine decellularised scaffold biocompatibility were also performed. Decellularised scaffolds were seeded with human dental pulp stem cells and cell viability assessed using Live/Dead^® stain. Quantitative data were analysed statistically using Student's t-test and one-way analysis of variance to compare mean values between groups depending on group numbers.

Results

Assessment of decellularised tissues revealed an acellular matrix with preservation of native tissue histoarchitecture and composition. Decellularised tissues showed no evidence of cytotoxicity, with cell growth in direct contact with the scaffold and no reduction in cellular activity following extract incubation. Furthermore, the scaffold was able to support human dental pulp stem cell viability and attachment following recellularisation. .

Conclusions

Promising results were observed in developing a decellularised biological scaffold derived from the dental pulp with the perseveration of extracellular structural components which are required for tissue specific regeneration.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Correction to: Risk management of emergency service vehicle crashes in the United States fire service: process, outputs, and recommendations

After publication of the article [1], it has been brought to our attention that the second author's name was published incorrectly. Previously included as "Keshia P. Porter", the full and correct name should b...

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Implementation of a workplace intervention using financial rewards to promote adherence to physical activity guidelines: a feasibility study

We designed and implemented the Brigham and Women's Wellness Initiative (B-Well), a single-arm study to examine the feasibility of a workplace program that used individual and team-based financial incentives t...

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What do US and Canadian parents do to encourage or discourage physical activity among their 5-12 Year old children?

Parents have the potential to substantively influence their child's physical activity. This study identified the parenting practices of US and Canadian parents to encourage or discourage their 5-12 year-old ch...

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Correction to: Exposure to a community-wide campaign is associated with physical activity and sedentary behavior among Hispanic adults on the Texas-Mexico border

After publication of the article [1], it has been brought to our attention that there is an acknowledgement missing. The authors would like to add the following –

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Wem gehört mein Implantat?

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 2017; 96: 855-856
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-118618

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Full text

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Kommentar der Schriftleitung

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 2017; 96: 818-819
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-123359

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Full text

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Helicobacter pylori siedelt gerne auf Mandel-Gewebe

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 2017; 96: 822-823
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-119600

Siupsinskiene N et al. Helicobacter pylori in the tonsillar tissue: a possible association with chronic tonsillitis and laryngopharyngeal reflux. J Laryngol Otol 2017; 131: 549–55 Wie häufig finden sich Helicobacter pylori Infektionen in den Gaumenmandeln und welcher Zusammenhang besteht zwischen H. pylori, den soziodemografischen Patientendaten und dem laryngopharyngealen Reflux?
[...]

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text

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Fragen für die Facharztprüfung

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 2017; 96: 875-876
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-122750

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
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Resektion eines Zungenkarzinoms: Neuer Schwellenwert für tumorfreien Rand

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 2017; 96: 823-824
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-119602

Zanoni DK et al. A Proposal to Redefine Close Surgical Margins in Sqamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Tongue. JAMA Otolaryngol Head neck Surg 2017; 143: 555–560. doi:10.1001/jamato.2016.4238 Bei Zungenkarzinomen gilt die Resektion mit tumorfreien Rändern als Goldstandard. Als negativer Rand wird dabei traditionell ein tumorfreier Rand von mehr als 5 mm definiert. Ob diese willkürlich gesetzte Grenze aber wirklich das Risiko für Lokalrezidive widerspiegelt, ist unklar. Jetzt wurde untersucht, ab welcher Grenze das Risiko wirklich ansteigt und wo ein neuer Schwellenwert liegen könnte.
[...]

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
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Biosimilars und das Wirtschaftlichkeitsgebot

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 2017; 96: 828-830
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-122250

Biosimilars unterliegen der Wirtschaftlichkeitsprüfung nach § 106 SGB V. Die konkrete Art der Prüfung hat Einfluss auf das ärztliche Verordnungsverhalten. In der Richtgrößenprüfung führt die Verordnung von Biosimilars in der Regel zwar nicht zu einem Regress, wohl aber erst einmal zur Einleitung eines Prüfverfahrens. Ab 2017 wird die Richtgrößenprüfung entfallen. Die stattdessen zu erwartenden Wirkstoffprüfungen auf regionaler Ebene können Quoten für das Verhältnis von Biosimilars zu Originalpräparaten vorgeben und bei einer Zielverfehlung zu Regressen führen. Erste Vereinbarungen auf regionaler Ebene über konkrete Prüfverfahren sind im Laufe des Jahres zu erwarten.
[...]

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
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Laryngektomie: Prognosefaktoren für Liegedauer, Reoperation und Readmission

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 2017; 96: 824-825
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-119603

Helman SN et al. Predictors of Stay, Reoperation, and Readmission Following Total Laryngektomie. Laryngoscope 2017; 127: 1339–1344 Nach totaler Laryngektomie kommt es in bis zu 34 % der Fälle zu Komplikationen. Die Rehospitalisierungsrate ist hoch und beträgt mehr als 26 %. Verlängerte stationäre Aufenthaltsdauer, ungeplante Rückkehr in der Operationssaal und stationäre Wiederaufnahme sind 3 Faktoren, die hohe Kosten verursachen und wichtige Indikatoren der Versorgungsqualität darstellen. US-Forscher suchten diesbezüglich nach unabhängigen perioperativen Risikofaktoren.
[...]

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
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Begutachtung von Hörschäden

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 2017; 96: 857-874
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-119043

Die Beurteilung von Hörschäden ist eine häufige Fragestellung in HNO-Gutachten, hierzu zählt die Bewertung von Hörschäden als Unfallfolge, z. B. durch eine Kopfverletzung oder ein akut aufgetretenes Schalltrauma. Schwerhörigkeit als Folge einer beruflich bedingten chronischen Lärmeinwirkung gehört zu den am häufigsten bewerteten Berufskrankheiten überhaupt. Dieser Beitrag beleuchtet die Schadensbewertung und entsprechende Rechtsgrundlagen.
[...]

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
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Beidseitige Stimmlippenlähmung

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 2017; 96: 826-827
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-121301

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
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Rhinoplastik

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 2017; 96: 877-880
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-119387

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Full text

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Accuracy and eligibility of CBCT to digitize dental plaster casts

Abstract

Objectives

Software-based dental planning requires digital casts and oftentimes cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) radiography. However, buying a dedicated model digitizing device can be expensive and might not be required. The present study aimed to assess whether digital models derived from CBCT and models digitized using a dedicated optical device are of comparable accuracy.

Material and methods

A total of 20 plaster casts were digitized with eight CBCT and five optical model digitizers. Corresponding models were superimposed using six control points and subsequent iterative closest point matching. Median distances were calculated among all registered models. Data were pooled per scanner and model. Boxplots were generated, and the paired t test, a Friedman test, and a post-hoc Nemenyi test were employed for statistical comparison. Results were found significant at p < 0.05.

Results

All CBCT devices allowed the digitization of plaster casts, but failed to reach the accuracy of the dedicated model digitizers (p < 0.001). Median distances between CBCT and optically digitized casts were 0.064 + − 0.005 mm. Qualitative differences among the CBCT systems were detected (χ ² = 78.07, p < 0.001), and one CBCT providing a special plaster cast digitization mode was found superior to the competitors (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

CBCT systems failed to reach the accuracy from optical digitizers, but within the limits of the study, accuracy appeared to be sufficient for digital planning and forensic purposes.

Clinical relevance

Most CBCT systems enabled digitization of plaster casts, and accuracy was found sufficient for digital planning and storage purposes.

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Fracture behavior of all-ceramic, implant-supported, and tooth–implant-supported fixed dental prostheses

Abstract

Objectives

In vitro investigation of the effects of fixed dental prosthesis (FDP) support and loading conditions on the fracture behavior of all-ceramic, zirconia-based FDP veneered with computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM)-manufactured lithium disilicate ceramic.

Materials and methods

Based on a model for a 3-unit FDP in the molar region (tooth in region 15, implant in region 17), 16 identical zirconia frameworks were fabricated and veneered with milled lithium disilicate ceramic. Another 16 FDPs were manufactured similarly, using a model in which the tooth was replaced by an implant. The specimens underwent 10,000 thermal cycles between 6.5 and 60 °C and 1,200,000 chewing cycles with a force magnitude of 100 N. All were then subsequently loaded until fracture in a universal testing device. Half of the FDPs were subjected to centric and axial loading on the pontic, the others to eccentric and oblique loading on one cusp of the pontic.

Results

No failures were observed after artificial aging. Fracture loads of tooth–implant-supported restorations were 1636 ± 158 and 1086 ± 156 N for axial and oblique loading, respectively; implant-supported FDPs fractured at 1789 ± 202 and 1200 ± 68 N, respectively. Differences were significant for load application (P < 0.001) and support type (P = 0.020). For the two types of load application, fracture mode differed substantially: complete fracture was observed for centric and axial loading whereas mixed cohesive/adhesive failure was observed for many FDPs loaded eccentrically and obliquely.

Conclusions

The high incidence of chipping of manually veneered implant-supported all-ceramics restorations might be reduced by use of CAD/CAM-manufactured lithium disilicate veneers.

Clinical Relevance

FDPs veneered with lithium disilicate resist occlusal forces of 500 N, irrespective of load application and support type. The fracture resistance of implant-supported FDPs was, however, higher than that of combined tooth–implant-supported FDPs. Their clinical use seems to be justified.

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Changes in prescription patterns in older hospitalized patients: the impact of FORTA on disease-related over- and under-treatments

Abstract

Purpose

Physicians often face difficulties in choosing appropriate medications for multimorbid older people. The FORTA (Fit for the Aged) classification (A: absolutely, B: beneficial, C: careful, D: don't) was proposed as a clinical tool for improving the quality of drug treatment in the aged. As an implicit tool, FORTA has been shown to aid medication optimization and improve clinical end points in the VALFORTA trial. In this prospective randomized controlled study, 207 older hospitalized patients received standard geriatric treatment and 202 patients received FORTA-guided treatment.

Methods

Here, changes of drug prescriptions at the anatomical-therapeutic-chemical system (ATC) level were evaluated separately for important diagnoses in descriptive analyses; over- and under-treatment rates were compared between groups.

Results

At the individual drug/drug class level related to all important diagnoses, the application of FORTA significantly improved under-treatments for 12 drugs/drug classes (e.g., ACE inhibitors to treat arterial hypertension) and over-treatments for 7 drugs/drug classes (e.g., proton pump inhibitors to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease).

Conclusions

FORTA representing the first combined positive/negative labeling approach at the individual drug level aids the optimization of drug treatment in older people as detected for drugs/drug classes at the ATC level in important indications. FORTA is effective in addressing over- and under-treatments even if analyzed for smaller subgroups of VALFORTA.

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'Gotham' Recap: Sofia Shows Her Hand

On this episode of Gotham , titled "Things That Go Boom," Sofia reveals her true intentions to Penguin, Gordon tries to find out Professor Pyg's real identity, Barbara, Tabitha and Selina make a power play and Lee grows closer to Nygma. It's business as usual at Arkham Asylum where all of Gotham's looniest residents who don't have cool powers and a costume are locked away and undergoing "rehabilitation."

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Effect of the Glide Path Establishment on the Torque Generation to the Files during Instrumentation: An In Vitro Measurement

The purpose of this study was to compare in vitro torque generation during instrumentation with or without glide path establishment.

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Impact of gingivitis treatment for diabetic patients on quality of life related to periodontal objective parameters: A randomized controlled clinical trial

Publication date: February 2018
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 86
Author(s): Sheila C. Cortelli, Fernando O. Costa, Antonio Gargioni-Filho, Davi R. Aquino, Luis O.M. Cota, Alexandre P. Scherma, Taís B. Miranda, Jose R. Cortelli
ObjectivesPatients with diabetes have a poor oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). It is not clear if this situation could be changed with effective periodontal treatment. This study examined both patients with diabetes and systemically healthy individuals to discover the impact of a gingivitis treatment protocol on OHRQoL and its relation to objective periodontal parameters.DesignAfter ultrasonic debridement, patients were randomly assigned to an essential-oils (EO) or placebo mouthwash group. At baseline and 3 months, OHRQoL was assessed with the Oral Health and Quality of Life-United Kingdom questionnaire (OHQoL–UK) along with clinical, halitometric, microbiological and inflammatory objective parameters. The primary outcome was a change in OHQoL–UK scores. A factor analysis was performed and the impact of the extracted quality of life factor (QLF) and its interactions with diabetes, treatment, and time on the objective parameters, were tested by multiple linear regression models (p < 0.05). Chi-Square test compared questionnaire-answering profiles (p<0.05).ResultsCombined treatment with EO provided OHQoL improvements in both systemic conditions. Positive effect of oral health status on quality of life increased in EO groups but not in placebo groups. Question I (self-confidence) showed the greatest factorial weight, while Question A (food intake) showed the lowest factorial weight. All patients who showed OHRQoL improvements and used the EO rinse showed the lowest plaque and gingival indices and lower levels of bacteria and volatile sulfur compounds.ConclusionsOHRQoL positively changed overtime. Most effective treatment protocols would provide better improvements in OHRQoL which is related to periodontal objective measures.



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Aspects of the final phase of enamel formation as evidenced by observations of superficial enamel of human third molars using scanning electron microscopy

Publication date: February 2018
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 86
Author(s): Steinar Risnes, Chunfang Li
ObjectiveEnamel structure reflects ameloblast function. By studying the structure of the superficial enamel, information about ameloblast function toward the end of the secretory stage may be obtained.DesignThe superficial enamel in midcoronal areas of acid-etched facio-lingual sections from human third molars was studied in the scanning electron microscope (SEM).ResultsA great variation was observed in occurrence of prism-free enamel. Prism-free enamel dominated in 40% (mandibular) and 47% (maxillary) of observed areas and had a mean thickness of about 30μm. Striations in the prism-free enamel had an interstriae distance of about 3.3–3.8μm. The angle between prisms and enamel surface was about 60°, between prisms and Retzius lines about 45° and between Retzius lines and enamel surface about 15°. The distances between regularly occurring Retzius lines and between striations in the prism-free enamel both tended to decrease toward the enamel surface. Prisms could change direction as they approached the enamel surface, mostly in cervical direction. Where Retzius lines curved and converged occlusally, prisms tended to deviate in an occlusal direction.ConclusionsJudged from the incremental lines and occurrence of prism-free enamel, ameloblasts slow down and tend to lose their Tomes' process as they approach the end of secretion. The crystals of prism-free enamel belong to the same system as the interprism crystals of prismatic enamel. A method, based on the disposition of fine incremental lines, is suggested for evaluation of ameloblast dynamics in the last stage of enamel secretion.



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Lymph node ratio as a prognostic factor for survival in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

The purpose of this study is to validate the concept of lymph node ratio (LNR) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

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Mycology of chronic suppurative otitis media-cholesteatoma disease: An evaluative study

To detect the prevalence of fungus in chronic suppurative otitis media-cholesteatoma disease and to evaluate its clinical significance.

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Reliability of temporal bone high-resolution CT in patients with facial paralysis in temporal bone fracture

This study aimed to investigate the reliability of temporal bone high-resolution CT (HRCT) in patients with traumatic facial paralysis.

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Sirolimus for management of complex vascular anomalies – A proposed dosing regimen for very young infants

Neonates with vascular anomalies causing airway compromise and other complications require early initiation of medical therapy. Sirolimus has emerged as a safe and effective treatment, but standard recommendations for dosing start at seven months. Guidelines are needed for dosing in very young infants, who have reduced hepatic metabolism of sirolimus. We present our experience treating six neonates (mean age 14.8 days) with complicated vascular anomalies. Standard dosing caused supratherapeutic levels in this population.

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Clinical role of vitamin D in prognosis of otitis media with effusion

To investigate the clinical role of Vitamin D in prognosis of Otitis media with effusion.

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Pre- and post-operative evaluation of the frequency of nocturnal enuresis and Modified Pediatric Epworth Scale in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea patients

To investigate the beneficial effect of adenotonsillectomy (AT) on nocturnal enuresis (NE) in children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy and evaluate the Modified Pediatric Epworth Scale (MPES).

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Mature and immature pediatric head and neck teratomas: A 15-year review at a large tertiary center

Pediatric head and neck teratomas account for less than 4% of congenital teratomas. The distinct presentations and outcomes of mature and immature head and neck teratomas have not been well established.

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Papillary thyroid carcinoma presenting as acute suppurative thyroiditis: A case report and review of the literature

Acute suppurative thyroiditis is a rare, potentially life-threatening condition. We report the case of a 17-year-old male who initially presented with a thyroid abscess. Due to persistent symptoms and lack of evidence for underlying predisposing factors, he was followed closely and subsequently diagnosed with papillary thyroid cancer. He was successfully managed with surgery. His clinical course, radiological evaluation, and pathology reports are presented here along with a review of the literature.

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Pediatric Meniere's disease

This study adopted an inner ear test battery comprising audiometry, and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP), cervical VEMP (cVEMP), and caloric tests to investigate the sequence of inner ear deficits in pediatric Meniere's disease (MD).

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Flaws in the application and interpretation of statistical analyses in systematic reviews of therapeutic interventions were common: a cross-sectional analysis

To investigate the application and interpretation of statistical analyses in a cross-section of systematic reviews (SRs) of therapeutic interventions, without restriction by journal, clinical condition, or specialty.

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Electronic medical records can be used to emulate target trials of sustained treatment strategies

To emulate three target trials: single treatment versus no treatment, joint treatment versus no treatment, and head-to-head comparison of two treatments. We explain how to estimate the observational analogs of intention-to-treat and per-protocol effects, using hazard ratios and survival curves. For per-protocol effects, we describe two methods for adherence adjustment via inverse-probability weighting.

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Improved dental treatment for children would improve general wellbeing, say health chiefs

HEALTH: Calls have been made for a better offering of NHS dentists in Bury. Picture credit: Rui Vieira/PA Wire.

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This Amazon Coupon Gets You Up To $90 Off On Electric Toothbrushes

You may have noticed the Daily Deale r has focused a lot on oral hygiene of late. Part of that is seasonal - what better time to ensure you look your best than when you are forced to interact with all the people at holiday events.

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Cranberry Reduces the Risk of Urinary Tract Infection Recurrence in Otherwise Healthy Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [Nutritional Epidemiology]

Background: Cranberry (Vaccinium spp.) has been advocated for treatment of urinary tract infection (UTI); however, its efficacy is controversial. Women have a 50% risk of UTI over their lifetime, and ~20–30% experience a subsequent UTI recurrence.

Objective: We conducted this meta-analysis to assess the effect of cranberry on the risk of UTI recurrence in otherwise healthy women.

Methods: Literature published before January 2011 was obtained from 2 published systematic reviews, and we conducted updated searches in EMBASE and MEDLINE (through July 2017). We included randomized controlled trials that were conducted in generally healthy nonpregnant women aged ≥18 y with a history of UTI, compared cranberry intervention to a placebo or control, and reported the outcome as the number of participants experiencing a UTI. Two researchers conducted abstract and full-text screenings, data extractions, and risk of bias assessments independently, and discrepancies were resolved by group consensus. Meta-analyses were performed by using Stata SE software (version 13). We employed a fixed-effect model using the Mantel-Haenszel method to estimate the summary risk if the heterogeneity was low to moderate (I² < 50%). Otherwise, we applied a random-effects model using the DerSimonian-Laird method.

Results: We identified 7 randomized controlled trials conducted in healthy women at risk of UTI (n = 1498 participants). Results of the meta-analysis showed that cranberry reduced the risk of UTI by 26% (pooled risk ratio: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.55, 0.98; I² = 54%). Risk of bias indicated that 2 studies had high loss to follow-up or selective outcome reporting. Overall, the studies were relatively small, with only 2 having >300 participants.

Conclusion: These results suggest that cranberry may be effective in preventing UTI recurrence in generally healthy women; however, larger high-quality studies are needed to confirm these findings. This trial was registered at http://ift.tt/2Aza3X6 as CRD42015024439.

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Dietary B Vitamin Intake Is Associated with Lower Urinary Monomethyl Arsenic and Oxidative Stress Marker 15-F2t-Isoprostane among New Hampshire Adults [Nutritional Epidemiology]

Background: Arsenic exposure has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Growing evidence suggests that B vitamins facilitate arsenic metabolism and may protect against arsenic toxicity. However, to our knowledge, few studies have evaluated this in US populations.

Objective: Our objective was to examine whether higher B vitamin intake is associated with enhanced arsenic metabolism and lower concentrations of preclinical markers of CVD among New Hampshire adults.

Methods: We used weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression to evaluate the collective impact of 6 dietary B vitamins (thiamin, riboflavin, folate, niacin, and vitamins B-6 and B-12) on 1) the proportion of arsenic metabolites in urine and 2) 6 CVD-related markers [including urinary 15-F_2t-isoprostane (15-F_2t-IsoP)] among 418 participants (26–75 y of age) from the New Hampshire Health Study. Contributions of arsenic metabolites to B vitamin-CVD marker associations were also explored in structural equation models.

Results: In WQS models, the weighted sum of B vitamin intakes from food sources was inversely associated with the proportion of monomethyl arsenic species in urine (uMMA) (β: –1.03; 95% CI: –1.91, –0.15; P = 0.02). Thiamin and vitamins B-6 and B-12 contributed the most to this association, whereas riboflavin had a negligible effect. Higher overall B vitamin intake was also inversely associated with 15-F_2t-IsoP (β: –0.21; 95% CI: –0.32, –0.11; P < 0.01), with equal contributions from the 6 B vitamins, which was partially explained by differences in the proportion of uMMA (indirect effect β: –0.01; 95% CI: –0.04, –0.00).

Conclusions: Among New Hampshire adults, higher intakes of certain B vitamins (particularly thiamin and vitamins B-6 and B-12 from food sources) may reduce the proportion of uMMA, an intermediate of arsenic metabolism that has been associated with an increased risk of CVD. Higher overall B vitamin intake may also reduce urinary 15-F_2t-IsoP, a marker of oxidative stress and potential risk factor for CVD, in part by reducing the proportion of uMMA.

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Potato Consumption Does Not Increase Blood Pressure or Incident Hypertension in 2 Cohorts of Spanish Adults [Nutritional Epidemiology]

Background: Potatoes have a high glycemic load but also antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals. It is unclear what mechanisms are involved in relation to their effect on blood pressure (BP) and hypertension.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the association between potato consumption, BP changes, and the risk of hypertension in 2 Spanish populations.

Methods: Separate analyses were performed in PREDIMED (PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea), a multicenter nutrition intervention trial of adults aged 55–80 y, and the SUN (Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra) project, a prospective cohort made up of university graduates and educated adults with ages (means ± SDs) of 42.7 ± 13.3 y for men and 35.1 ± 10.7 y for women. In PREDIMED, generalized estimating equations adjusted for lifestyle and dietary characteristics were used to assess changes in BP across quintiles of total potato consumption during a 4-y follow-up. Controlled BP values (systolic BP <140 mm Hg and diastolic BP <90 mm Hg) during follow-up were also assessed. For SUN, multivariate-adjusted HRs for incident hypertension during a mean 6.7-y follow-up were calculated.

Results: In PREDIMED, the total potato intake was 81.9 ± 40.6 g/d. No overall differences in systolic or diastolic BP changes were detected based on consumption of potatoes. For total potatoes, the mean difference in change between quintile 5 (highest intake) and quintile 1 (lowest intake) in systolic BP after multivariate adjustment was –0.90 mm Hg (95% CI: –2.56, 0.76 mm Hg; P-trend = 0.1) and for diastolic BP was –0.02 mm Hg (95% CI: –0.93, 0.89 mm Hg; P-trend = 0.8). In SUN, the total potato consumption was 52.7 ± 33.6 g/d, and no significant association between potato consumption and hypertension incidence was observed in the fully adjusted HR for total potato consumption (quintile 5 compared with quintile 1: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.80, 1.19; P-trend = 0.8).

Conclusions: Potato consumption is not associated with changes over 4 y in blood pressure among older adults in Spain or with the risk of hypertension among Spanish adults. This trial was registered at http://ift.tt/HkCGY7 as ISRCTN35739639.

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UMSOM study highlights 3D printed implants to reverse hearing loss

Hearing aids are one of the earliest examples of the added value 3D printing can bring to a commercial market. Coupled with 3D scanning technology, additive manufacturing has made it possible for companies like Sonova to improve the quality of existing products through mass customization. Recently presenting at the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA), […]

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Regulation of HMGB3 by antitumor miR-205-5p inhibits cancer cell aggressiveness and is involved in prostate cancer pathogenesis

Regulation of HMGB3 by antitumor miR-205-5p inhibits cancer cell aggressiveness and is involved in prostate cancer pathogenesis

Regulation of <i>HMGB3</i> by antitumor <i>miR-205-5p</i> inhibits cancer cell aggressiveness and is involved in prostate cancer pathogenesis, Published online: 01 December 2017; doi:10.1038/s10038-017-0371-1

Regulation of HMGB3 by antitumor miR-205-5p inhibits cancer cell aggressiveness and is involved in prostate cancer pathogenesis

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Ocular Vaccinia Infection in Dairy Worker, Brazil

M. Lima et al.

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Dangers of Noncritical Use of Historical Plague Data

J. Roosen and D. R. Curtis

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Serologic Evidence of Fruit Bat Exposure to Filoviruses, Singapore, 2011–2016

E. D. Laing et al.

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Epidemiology of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Outbreak, Waziristan, Pakistan

M. Hussain et al.

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Detection and Circulation of a Novel Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus in Australia

J. E. Mahar et al.

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Mouth bacteria linked to esophageal cancer

New research reveals that some types of mouth bacteria are linked to higher risk of developing esophageal cancer and some are linked to lower risk.

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Accent Modification in the Teleconferencing Industry

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Stratasys launches BioMimics range of 3D printed medical models

3D printer manufacturer Stratasys has unveiled BioMimics, a range of highly realistic  3D printed medical models. Launched at the 2017 Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) exhibition, the BioMimics portfolio includes 3D printed bones, spines and hearts for medical research and training. More clinically accurate than mannequins and cadavers BioMimics models are 3D printed with Stratasys PolyJet […]

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Pulsar timing for gravitational wave detection

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How to build a planet

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Searching for a pulse

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The Voyagers

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Keeping the ocean warm

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Specific substrate-driven changes in human faecal microbiota composition contrast with functional redundancy in short-chain fatty acid production

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Microbial life on a sand grain: from bulk sediment to single grains

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Rare symbionts may contribute to the resilience of coral–algal assemblages

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The effect of adjuvant radiotherapy on radial forearm free flap volume after soft palate reconstruction in 13 patients

Abstract

Treatment options for squamous cell carcinoma of the soft palate include surgical resection followed by radiotherapy or primary radiotherapy. In most cases sufficient resection margins require reconstruction of the defect with free flaps. The most common flaps used in oropharyngeal carcinoma are the radial forearm free flap and the anterolateral thigh and latissimus dorsi free flap. According to the magnitude of the resection defect, surgeons estimate the size and volume of soft tissue transfer needed for an optimal esthetic and in particular functional outcome.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Microleakage around zirconia crown margins after ultrasonic scaling with self-adhesive resin or resin modified glass ionomer cement

Abstract

Objectives

To measure microleakage around zirconia crown margins cemented with self-adhesive resin or resin modified glass ionomer (RMGI) cement after ultrasonic scaling.

Methods

16 molars were prepared for crowns (margin 0.5 mm coronal of cementum-enamel junction). Preparations were digitally scanned and zirconia crowns milled. Specimens were divided into two groups (n = 8): self-adhesive resin (RelyX Unicem 2) or resin modified glass ionomer (RMGI) (RelyX Luting Plus) cements. After cementation, specimens were ultrasonic scaled with a piezoelectric device (60 s, hand pressure). After thermocycling (20,000 cycles/5-55°C), specimens were immersed in 5 wt% fuchsine dye before sectioning bucco-lingually. Microleakage was examined under 40× light magnification. Statistical comparisons were made using a paired t test and a two-sample t test (α = .05).

Results

Ultrasonic scaling did not alter microleakage at the margins of crowns (P = .31). There was no significant difference in microleakage of scaled and untreated margins with the use of different cements (P = .21). The amount of microleakage around margins that were scaled was not significantly different between cements (P = .14). Untreated margins of crowns cemented with RelyX Luting Plus showed a significantly higher microleakage than those cemented with RelyX Unicem 2 (P = .005).

Conclusions

Piezoelectric ultrasonic scaling did not increase microleakage at the margin of zirconia crowns cemented with self-adhesive resin or RMGI cements.

Clinical significance

Piezoelectric ultrasonic scaling around zirconia crowns did not impact marginal microleakage cemented with self-adhesive resin or RMGI cements.

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Regulation of HMGB3 by antitumor miR-205-5p inhibits cancer cell aggressiveness and is involved in prostate cancer pathogenesis

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Reliability of three-dimensional anterior cranial base superimposition methods for assessment of overall hard tissue changes: A systematic review.

Reliability of three-dimensional anterior cranial base superimposition methods for assessment of overall hard tissue changes: A systematic review.

Angle Orthod. 2017 Nov 30;:

Authors: Ponce-Garcia C, Lagravere-Vich M, Cevidanes LHS, de Olivera Ruellas AC, Carey J, Flores-Mir C

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this systematic review was to synthesize the available literature concerning the reliability of three-dimensional superimposition methods when assessing changes in craniofacial hard tissues.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four electronic databases were searched. Two authors independently reviewed potentially relevant articles for eligibility. Clinical trials, cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies that evaluated the reliability of three-dimensional superimposition methods on the anterior cranial base were included.
RESULTS: Six studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Four studies used the voxel-based registration method, one used the landmark-based method and one used the surface-based method. Regarding reliability, the voxel-based studies showed on average a difference of 0.5 mm or less between images. The optimized analysis using a six-point correction algorithm in the landmark-based method showed 1.24 mm magnitude of error between images.
CONCLUSIONS: Although reliability appears to be adequate, the small sample size and high risk of bias among studies make available evidence still insufficient to draw strong conclusions.

PMID: 29189039 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Effect of personality on oral health-related quality of life in undergraduates.

Effect of personality on oral health-related quality of life in undergraduates.

Angle Orthod. 2017 Nov 30;:

Authors: Lin F, Ye Y, Ye S, Wang L, Du W, Yao L, Guo J

Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of personality traits and other variables on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of Chinese undergraduates aged 17 to 24 years with no history of orthodontic treatment.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 443 undergraduate students aged 17 to 24 years were selected and completed a two-section questionnaire: the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Short Scale Chinese version and the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 Chinese version (OHIP-14). Malocclusion severity was assessed via clinical examination using the dental health component (DHC) and esthetic component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). Severe dentofacial deformities that required orthognathic surgery were excluded.
RESULTS: The total and all dichotomized OHIP-14 dimensions correlated closely with the neuroticism personality traits (P < .001). The total and some subscales of OHIP-14 were related with psychoticism. Women had higher OHIP-14 scores than men, especially in the normal occlusion group. Nevertheless, men with more severe malocclusions had higher scores that were similar to those of women. OHRQoL was significantly different between the major of dentistry and other majors.
CONCLUSIONS: Personality affects comprehensive OHRQoL, and the most significant predictor is neuroticism. Female young adults have worse OHRQoL than male young adults, especially among those with mild malocclusion.

PMID: 29189038 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Mechanical design and control of inflatable robotic arms for high positioning accuracy

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Measuring 3D shape in orthodontics through geometric morphometrics

Geometric morphometrics (GMM) has been traditionally applied to the field of biology to study developmental differentiations between species. Orthodontics deals with the shape and size of the face and its comp...

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Hemorrhage following transoral robotic surgery (TORS)

Abstract

Background

To report our experience of postoperative hemorrhage in patients following transoral robotic surgery (TORS).

Methods

Data was collected on patients having TORS. Postoperative hemorrhage within 30 days was graded using the Mayo clinic grading system.

Results

TORS operations were performed on 122 patients. There were 23 bleeding events classified as minor to severe following 19 operations (16%). Hemorrhage requiring a return to the operating room occurred after 7 operations (6%). The odds of an emergent hemorrhage was 5.19 times greater in patients that had a staged neck dissection after TORS (p= 0.05). The odds of a postoperative bleeding event were 2.6 times greater in patients receiving a larger resection (p=0.107). There were no hemorrhage events in the 36 patients who received a synchronous neck dissection with transcervical ligation of the external carotid artery.

Conclusions

Surgical intervention for TORS hemorrhage occurred in 6% patients. No haemorrhage occurred in patients who had ligation of the external carotid artery.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Contralateral Neck Metastases in Lateralised, Resectable Advanced Stage Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma – results of 57 patients undergoing bilateral selective neck dissection

Abstract

This series demonstrates unique data assessing the surgical staging of the cN0 contralateral neck in lateralised oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Only 5 out of 57 patients were found to have occult nodal metastases. The rate appears higher in HPV negative disease (3/5 patients) than HPV positive patients (2/52 patients)

This multi–departmental policy in the management of resectable oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma led to the reduction of adjuvant radiotherapy field in 52 patients, and appropriate intensification of adjuvant therapy in 5 patients.

The contralateral neck in these patients needs managing or staging, if avoidance of prophylactic radiotherapy is deemed desirable. Surgical staging seems appropriate, but given the low incidence of occult metastases, other options would include pre-operative ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT staging, serial imaging, sentinel lymph node biopsy, or delivery of adjuvant treatment unilaterally following routine staging imaging.

Decisions on which approach is most appropriate should be made by individual MDT's whilst consensus is lacking.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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The use of custom made dental splints for robotic and rigid endoscopic surgery of the upper aerodigestive tract

Abstract

Custom made dental splints allow for significantly improved access in difficult cases, especially those involving the laser or robot. Our customization also allows bespoke accommodation of the Boyle Davis gag or FK-retractor.

These guards never displace and afford protection to the otherwise exposed lower teeth.

The dental splints are reusable.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Dental Laser Therapy Applications in Japan Suggest New Markets for US Dentistry

Collaboration of a US chiropractic university, an advanced dental practice in Tokyo, and a US laser expert yield promise for complex pain and dental solutions US dentists should take note that there is a market for patients who would choose safe, non-addictive support for complex pain conditions with laser therapy." RICHMOND, VA, UNITED STATES, December 1, 2017 / EINPresswire.com / -- Dr. Nelson Marquina , MSc, PhD traveled to Japan to teach the first US university-certified laser therapy training program for Japanese dentists.

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ASCO update: lung cancer

Summary

In the past few years there have been major changes in the treatment landscape in oncology; lung cancer is affected by those changes like almost no other solid tumor. The rise of further second- and third-line tyrosine kinase inhibitors offers sequential therapy for patients with mutated non-small-cell lung cancer. Immunotherapy has found its way into clinical routine and presents us with new challenges in managing side effects, evaluating treatment response and deciding on how long we treat our patients. The treatment algorithm of lung cancer has changed in the last month and further practice-changing trials are coming up, so treating lung cancer patients shows nowadays a more challenging perspective with the possibility of subsequently applied individual therapies. This article provides a brief overview of the highlights presented at the ASCO (American Society of Clinical Oncology) annual meeting this year in Chicago.

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11th European Headache Federation Congress jointly with 31st Congress of the Italian Society for the Study of Headaches

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The evolution of care improves outcome in blunt thoracic aortic injury: A Western Trauma Association multicenter study

BACKGROUND The management of blunt thoracic aortic injury (BTAI) has evolved radically in the last decade with changes in the processes of care and the introduction of thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). These changes have wrought improved outcome, but the direct effect of TEVAR on outcome remains in question as previous studies have lacked vigorous risk adjustment and long-term follow-up. To address these knowledge gaps, we compared the outcomes of TEVAR, open surgical repair, and nonoperative management for BTAI. METHODS Eight verified trauma centers recruited from the Western Trauma Association Multicenter Study Group retrospectively studied all patients with BTAI admitted between January 1, 2006, and June 30, 2016. Data included demographics, comorbidities, admitting physiology, injury severity, in-hospital care, and outcome. RESULTS We studied 316 patients with BTAI; 57 (18.0%) were in extremis and died before treatment. Of the 259 treated surgically, TEVAR was performed in 176 (68.0%), open in 28 (10.8%), hybrid in 4 (1.5%), and nonoperative in 51 (19.7%). Thoracic endovascular aortic repair and open repair groups had similar Injury Severity Scale score, chest Abbreviated Injury Scale score, Trauma and Injury Severity Score, and probability of survival, but differed in median age (open: 28 [interquartile range {IQR}, 19–51]; TEVAR: 46 [IQR, 28–60]; p

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Contemporary management of subclavian and axillary artery injuries—A Western Trauma Association multicenter review

BACKGROUND Subclavian and axillary artery injuries are uncommon. In addition to many open vascular repairs, endovascular techniques are used for definitive repair or vascular control of these anatomically challenging injuries. The aim of this study was to determine the relative roles of endovascular and open techniques in the management of subclavian and axillary artery injuries comparing hospital outcomes, and long-term limb viability. METHODS A multicenter, retrospective review of patients with subclavian or axillary artery injuries from January 1, 2004, to December 31, 2014, was completed at 11 participating Western Trauma Association institutions. Statistical analysis included χ2, t-tests, and Cochran-Armitage trend tests. A p value less than 0.05 was significant. RESULTS Two hundred twenty-three patients were included; mean age was 36 years, 84% were men. An increase in computed tomography angiography and decrease in conventional angiography was observed over time (p = 0.018). There were 120 subclavian and 119 axillary artery injuries. Procedure type was associated with injury grade (p

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Contents

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Information for Authors

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Masthead

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Editorial Board

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Information needs of survivors and families after childhood CNS tumor treatment: a population-based study

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Characterization of Whooper Swan (Cygnus cygnus) Interferon α: Prokaryotic Expression, Biological Activities, and Physicochemical Characteristics.

Characterization of Whooper Swan (Cygnus cygnus) Interferon α: Prokaryotic Expression, Biological Activities, and Physicochemical Characteristics.

J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2017 Nov 30;:

Authors: Zhao H, Wang Y, Shao Y, Liu J, Li J, Zong H, Xing M

Abstract
Whopper swan Cygnus cygnus interferon alpha (CyIFN-α) gene was amplified from genomic DNA in the liver of whooper swan, which encodes a 192-amino acid protein containing a 29-amino acid signal peptide. Bioinformatics analysis showed it containes 7 cysteine residues and 5 alpha helices. After expression in prokaryote, purification and renaturation, CyIFN-α was analyzed on its physicochemical property and antiviral activity. In chicken embryo fibroblasts, CyIFN-α exerted more superior anti-vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), avian influenza virus (AIV), and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) activity than chicken IFN-α, an effective therapeutic agent used for viral infections clinically. Contrarily, these antiviral activities were abrogated by rabbit anti-CyIFN-α in vitro. Moreover, CyIFN-α was shown to be highly sensitive to trypsin, however, it remained stable despite changes in pH and temperature. In addition, CyIFN-α induced the transcription of Mx1, ISG12, and IFIT5 (ISG58) genes, as well as the expression of Mx1 protein, in a time-dependent manner. In conclusion, we first cloned and expressed CyIFN-α and tested its biological activity in vitro. Our findings facilitate further research on the role of type I IFN in antiviral defense responses in whopper swan and other Natatores.

PMID: 29189090 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Trastuzumab combined with doublet or single-agent chemotherapy as first-line therapy for HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer.

Trastuzumab combined with doublet or single-agent chemotherapy as first-line therapy for HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer.

Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2017 Nov 29;:

Authors: Yu YF, Wang Y, Fu TP, Chen K, Liu JQ, Yao HR

Abstract
PURPOSE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of doublet versus single-agent chemotherapy (CT) plus trastuzumab (H) as first-line therapy for human epidermal growth factor 2 receptor (HER2)-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC).
METHODS: We searched for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that evaluated the treatment effects of single-agent or doublet CT+H as first-line therapies for HER2-positive MBC. The main outcomes measured for this study included the overall response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). A meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis (TSA) were performed, and the study quality was evaluated using the GRADE framework. The PROSPERO registry number of our analysis is CRD42016043766.
RESULTS: The results from four RCTs including 1044 participants were pooled. Moderate-quality evidence indicated that compared with single-agent CT+H, doublet CT+H correlated better with prolonged PFS (hazard ratio [HR] 0.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.63-0.75, P < 0.0001) and OS (HR = 0.90, 95% CI 0.88-0.92, P < 0.0001). However, moderate-quality evidence revealed no significant difference between the two regimens regarding the ORR (relative risk [RR] = 1.07, 95% CI 0.98-1.17, P = 0.157), which was confirmed by TSA, indicating that the cumulative Z-curve entered the futility area. Moderate-quality evidence indicated that treatment-related grade 3 or 4 toxicities of thrombocytopenia (RR = 4.08, P = 0.000), nausea/vomiting (RR = 4.26, P = 0.002), diarrhea (RR = 2.81, P = 0.002), and stomatitis (RR = 5.02, P = 0.003) were observed more frequently with doublet CT+H than with single-agent CT+H.
CONCLUSIONS: Compared with single-agent CT, the combination of doublet CT with trastuzumab as first-line therapy for HER2-positive MBC is associated with longer PFS and OS, but more treatment-related grade 3 or 4 toxicities. Therefore, doublet CT appears to be an appropriate regimen for HER2-positive MBC with a good performance status.

PMID: 29188398 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Pazopanib monotherapy in the treatment of pretreated, metastatic uterine sarcoma: a single-center retrospective study.

Pazopanib monotherapy in the treatment of pretreated, metastatic uterine sarcoma: a single-center retrospective study.

J Gynecol Oncol. 2018 Jan;29(1):e3

Authors: Kim HJ, Kim Y, Lee SJ, Lee J, Park SH

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: In the treatment of metastatic soft tissue sarcoma (STS), pazopanib is considered a standard treatment after failure of chemotherapy. We retrospectively investigated outcomes of pazopanib in patients with metastatic uterine STS.
METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on 35 consecutive patients with uterine STS treated with oral pazopanib 800 mg daily as salvage therapy for metastatic disease between September 2013 and December 2015. Endpoints included response rate, survival, and safety.
RESULTS: Among 35 patients, 27 (77%) had a histologic diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma (LMS) and the median age was 57 years (range, 36-70). Median number of metastatic sites was one (range, 1-5) with lung as the most frequently involved site. Pazopanib was generally well-tolerated: the major hematologic toxicity was grade 1/2 anemia (14%). Among the non-hematologic toxicities, grade 1/2 stomatitis was most commonly observed (22%), followed by fatigue and hypertension. Objective response and stable disease were observed in 10 (29%) and 11 (31%) patients, respectively. However, most cases of clinical response were observed in patients with LMS: 33% for LMS, 20% for undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, and 0% for endometrial stromal sarcoma. Median progression-free and overall survivals were 5.8 months (95% confidence interval [CI]=3.6-8.1) and 20.0 months (95% CI=11.6-28.4), respectively.
CONCLUSION: In this "real-world" retrospective study, salvage therapy with pazopanib demonstrated clinically relevant efficacy and tolerability in unselected patients with uterine STS. Although it is encouraging that outcomes for Korean patients with uterine STS were similar to those reported in the phase III trial, the clinical benefit was limited to LMS.

PMID: 29185261 [PubMed - in process]

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In-vivo longitudinal imaging of microvascular changes in irradiated oral mucosa of radiotherapy cancer patients using optical coherence tomography.

In-vivo longitudinal imaging of microvascular changes in irradiated oral mucosa of radiotherapy cancer patients using optical coherence tomography.

Sci Rep. 2017 Nov 28;7(1):16505

Authors: Maslennikova AV, Sirotkina MA, Moiseev AA, Finagina ES, Ksenofontov SY, Gelikonov GV, Matveev LA, Kiseleva EB, Zaitsev VY, Zagaynova EV, Feldchtein FI, Gladkova ND, Vitkin A

Abstract
Mucositis is the limiting toxicity of radio(chemo)therapy of head and neck cancer. Diagnostics, prophylaxis and correction of this condition demand new accurate and objective approaches. Here we report on an in vivo longitudinal monitoring of the oral mucosa dynamics in 25 patients during the course of radiotherapy of oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal cancer using multifunctional optical coherence tomography (OCT). A spectral domain OCT system with a specially-designed oral imaging probe was used. Microvasculature visualization was based on temporal speckle variations of the full complex signal evaluated by high-pass filtering of 3D data along the slow scan axis. Angiographic image quantification demonstrated an increase of the vascular density and total length of capillary-like-vessels before visual signs or clinical symptoms of mucositis occur. Especially significant microvascular changes compared to their initial levels occurred when grade two and three mucositis developed. Further, microvascular reaction was seen to be dose-level dependent. OCT monitoring in radiotherapy offers a non-invasive, convenient, label-free quantifiable structural and functional volumetric imaging method suitable for longitudinal human patient studies, furnishing fundamental radiobiological insights and potentially providing useful feedback data to enable adaptive radiotherapy (ART).

PMID: 29184130 [PubMed - in process]

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How this Utah dentist's office is spreading holiday cheer to kids without insurance

On Dec. 1, Dr. Samuel Richey and the staff at Lighthouse Dental and Orthodontics will come into work like any other day. However, unlike other days, they will be working for free and the day's 30-60 young patients won't pay a dime for treatment.

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The Effect of the Oral Probiotic Streptococcus salivarius (K12) on Group A Streptococcus Pharyngitis: A Pragmatic Trial In Schools.

The Effect of the Oral Probiotic Streptococcus salivarius (K12) on Group A Streptococcus Pharyngitis: A Pragmatic Trial In Schools.

Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2017 Nov 15;:

Authors: Doyle H, Pierse N, Tiatia R, Williamson D, Baker M, Crane J

Abstract
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the oral probiotic S. salivarius K12 (K12) in preventing Group A streptococcus (GAS) pharyngitis in 5-14 year old children at high risk of acute rheumatic fever (ARF). New Zealand has high rates of ARF amongst Māori and Pacific children. Children were already enrolled in a school based Ministry of Health throat swabbing and treatment program. Children self-identified and reported sore throats daily and were swabbed twice weekly.
METHODS: 1314 children were quasi-randomized (based on odd or even birthdates) to receive either K12 (2.5 x 10 cfu's per lozenge) or placebo lozenges and continued observed daily treatment (in the school week, during school time) for one school year.
RESULTS: 801 children (61.0%) reported a sore throat on one or more occasions resulting in 2927 pharyngeal swabs. Of these swabs, 1525 (52.1%) were taken from 411 children receiving K12 and 119 (7.8%) of these were positive for GAS on routine culture. 1402 (47.8%) swabs were taken from 390 children receiving placebo and 124 (8.8%) were positive. Overall there was a non-significant 11.2% relative reduction in positive swabs amongst children receiving K12. This relative reduction was greater for older children, aged 7-9 years, 15.6%, and for children 10 years and older, 30.2%.
CONCLUSIONS: S. salivarius (K12) had modest non-significant effects on culture-positive sore throats when given at school, during the school day. Based on our pragmatic trial, the routine use of this probiotic in the prevention of pharyngitis associated with GAS detection is not supported.

PMID: 29189607 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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