Allergologia et Immunopathologia
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Allergy
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British Association of Plastic Surgeons
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Clinical Immunology
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Clinical Oral Investigations
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Dysphagia
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Dysphagia
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International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology
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Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
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Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
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Oral Diseases
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Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology
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Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonology
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Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonology - Table of Contents
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Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery
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The European Gastrointestinal Motility Society
Gut fungal dysbiosis and altered bacterial‐fungal interaction in patients with diarrhea‐predominant irritable bowel syndrome: An explorative study
19hby Gaichao Hong, Ying Li, Min Yang, Gangping Li, Wei Qian, Hanhua Xiong, Tao Bai, Jun Song, Lei Zhang, Xiaohua Hou via The European Gastrointestinal Motility Society
Gut fungal dysbiosis and altered bacterial‐fungal interaction in patients with diarrhea‐predominant irritable bowel syndrome: An explorative study
There existed more difference of gut fungal profile than that of gut bacterial profile between healthy individuals and D‐IBS patients whose intestinal bacterial‐fungal interactions were weak and specific gut fungal genera were related to IBS symptoms. Mycosphaerella , Aspergillus , Sporidiobolus , and Pandora which were decreased in IBS compared with HC could be used to diagnose D‐IBS.


Abstract
Background
Little is known about intestinal fungi in IBS patients whose gut bacteria have been investigated a lot. In order to explore causal relationship between IBS and gut mycobiome, and use gut fungi to diagnose or even treat IBS, further characterization of it in IBS is required.

Methods
Fifty‐five diarrhea‐predominant IBS (D‐IBS) patients fulfilling Rome III criteria, and 16 healthy controls (HC) were recruited. Fresh fecal samples were collected and used for 16s rRNA and ITS2 high‐throughput sequencing. Diversity and composition of gut bacteria and fungi, as well as bacterial‐fungal interactions in D‐IBS patients, were characterized. Specific fungal taxa differentiating D‐IBS from HC were recognized by LEfSe and RandomForest methods, and their association with clinical symptoms was assessed by Spearman's correlation.

Results
Diarrhea‐predominant irritable bowel syndrome patients showed abnormal (IBS‐dysbiosis) or normal (HC‐like IBS) fecal bacterial structure and diversity compared with healthy controls. However, fecal fungal signatures differed absolutely between D‐IBS and HC, which indicated a more susceptible alteration of gut fungi than bacteria in D‐IBS. Fecal fungi showed significant correlations with IBS symptoms, especially Mycosphaerella , Aspergillus , Sporidiobolus, and Pandora which were identified to potentially differentiate D‐IBS from HC. Moreover, compared with HC there were markedly declined bacterial‐fungal interactions in D‐IBS, in which Candida changed from negative to positive correlations with bacteria, and Eurotium changed from positive correlations to irrelevance, while Debaryomyces gained negative correlations with bacteria.

Conclusions
Gut fungal dysbiosis and altered bacterial‐fungal interactions were present in patients with D‐IBS, and gut fungi could be used to diagnose D‐IBS.

Swallowing and Swallowing Disorders (Dysphagia)#ORL-Sfakianakis#ENTAdd tags
Effects of the vibrating capsule on colonic circadian rhythm and bowel symptoms in chronic idiopathic constipation
19hby Satish S. C. Rao, Anthony Lembo, William D. Chey, Keith Friedenberg, Eamonn M. M. Quigley via The European Gastrointestinal Motility Society
Abstract
Background
Constipated patients remain dissatisfied with current treatments suggesting a need for alternative therapies.

Aim
Evaluate the mechanistic effects of oral vibrating capsule in chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC) by examining the temporal relationships between the onset of vibrations, complete spontaneous bowel movements (CSBM), and circadian rhythm.

Methods
In post hoc analyses of two double‐blind studies, CIC patients (Rome III) were randomized to receive 5 active or sham capsules/week for 8 weeks. The capsules were programmed for single vibration (study 1) or two vibration sessions with two modes, 8 hours apart (study 2). Daily electronic diaries assessed stool habit and percentage of CSBMs associated with vibrations. Responders were patients with ≥ 1 CSBM per week over baseline.

Results
250 patients were enrolled (active = 133, sham = 117). During and within 3 hours of vibration, there were significantly more % CSBMs in the active vs. sham group (50% vs. 42%; P  = .0018). In study 2, there were two CSBM peaks associated with vibration sessions. Significantly more % CSBMs occurred in active mode 1 (21.5%) vs. sham (11.5%); (P  = .0357). Responder rates did not differ in study 1 (active vs. sham: 26.9% vs. 35.9%, P  = .19) or study 2 (mode 1 vs. sham: 50% vs. 31.8%, P  = .24; mode 2 vs. sham: 38.1% vs. 31.8%, P  = .75). Device was well‐tolerated barring mild vibration sensation.

Conclusions
Vibrating capsule may increase CSBMs possibly by enhancing the physiologic effects of waking and meals, and augmenting circadian rhythm, although responder rate was not different from sham. Two vibration sessions were associated with more CSBMs.

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Viral Immunology - Table of Contents
Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines Are Modulated in Vietnamese Patients with Dengue Fever
44mby Tran Thi Tuyen via Viral Immunology - Table of Contents
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Viral Immunology, Ahead of Print.
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