Randomised controlled trials are the best way to study the evaluation of treatments. We have evaluated the quantity and quality of clinical trials in three of the main journals in the specialty of oral and maxillofacial surgery between January 2010 and December 2016, using a scientometric analysis, and evaluation by the Jadad scale. In this period, 303 randomised controlled trials (5% of the total) were identified; the largest number of studies were from Asia (45%) followed by Europe (32%). The subgroup...
Tue May 26, 2020 03:00
We introduce a simple test to infer mode of selection (STIMS) in metagenomic time series of evolving asexual populations. STIMS compares the tempo of molecular evolution for a gene set of interest against a null distribution that is bootstrapped on random gene sets. We test STIMS on metagenomic data spanning 62,750 generations of Lenski's long-term evolution experiment with E. coli (LTEE). Our method successfully recovers signals of purifying selection and positive selection on gold standard sets...
Tue May 26, 2020 03:00
Biomedical and clinical sciences are experiencing a renewed interest in the fact that males and females differ in many anatomic, physiological, and behavioral traits. Sex differences in trait variability, however, are yet to receive similar recognition. In medical science, mammalian females are assumed to have higher trait variability due to estrus cycles (the "estrus-mediated variability hypothesis"); historically in biomedical research, females have been excluded for this reason. Contrastingly,...
Tue May 26, 2020 03:00
Unsampled or extinct ghost populations leave signatures on the genomes of individuals from extant, sampled populations, especially if they have exchanged genes with them over evolutionary time. This gene flow from ghost populations can introduce biases when estimating evolutionary history from genomic data, often leading to data misinterpretation and ambiguous results. Here we assess these biases while accounting, or not accounting for gene flow from ghost populations under the Isolation with...
Tue May 26, 2020 03:00
Genetic and physical mapping of the guppy (P. reticulata) have shown that recombination patterns differ greatly between males and females. Crossover events occur evenly across the chromosomes in females, but in male meiosis they are restricted to the tip furthest from the centromere of each chromosome, creating very high recombination rates per megabase, similar to the high rates in of pseudo-autosomal regions (PARs) of mammalian sex chromosomes. We here used the intronic GC content to indirectly...
Tue May 26, 2020 03:00
Cooperation plays a key role in advanced societies with human cooperation among kin being more prominent than cooperation among non-kin. However, little is known about the developmental roots of kin and non-kin cooperation in humans. Here, we show for the first time that children cooperated less successfully with siblings than with non-kin children, whether or not non-kin partners were friends. Furthermore, children with larger social networks cooperated better and the perception of friendship among...
Tue May 26, 2020 03:00
During range expansion, edge populations are expected to face increased genetic drift, which in turn can alter and potentially compromise adaptive dynamics, preventing the removal of deleterious mutations and slowing down adaptation. Here, we contrast populations of the European sub-species Arabidopsis lyrata ssp petraea, which expanded its Northern range after the last glaciation. We document a sharp decline in effective population size in the range edge population and observe that nonsynonymous...
Tue May 26, 2020 03:00
Background and Aims: The carpel is the definitive structure of angiosperms, the origin of carpel is of great significance to the phylogenetic origin of angiosperms. Traditional view was that angiosperm carpels were derived from structures similar to macrosporophylls of pteridosperms or cycads, which bear ovules on the surfaces of foliar organs. In contrast, other views indicate that carpels are originated from the foliar appendage enclosing the ovular axis. One of the key differences between these...
Tue May 26, 2020 03:00
Proteins' great potential for harm, via misfolding and aggregation, does not prevent them from being born de novo from non-coding DNA. To investigate how newborn proteins might "first, do no harm", we estimate fitnesses from an experiment that competed Escherichia coli lineages that each expressed a unique random peptide. A variety of peptide metrics significantly predict lineage fitness, but almost all this predictive power stems from simple amino acid composition. Amino acids that are smaller and...
Mon May 25, 2020 03:00
Abstract Sentinel node biopsy (SNB) may be a decision-making tool for function preservation surgery, including radical trachelectomy and ovary preservation in the treatment of cervical and endometrial cancer. The intraoperative diagnosis is important for guiding treatment decisions for patients with these conditions. Three hundred seventy-one patients with cervical and endometrial cancer received SNB with an intraoperative frozen section analysis and imprint cytology. The sentinel...
Tue May 26, 2020 03:00
Abstract Dopaminergic nigrostriatal denervation and widespread intracellular α-synuclein accumulation are neuropathologic hallmarks of Parkinson’s disease (PD). A constellation of peripheral processes, including metabolic and inflammatory changes, are thought to contribute to neurodegeneration. In the present study, we sought to obtain insight into the multifaceted pathophysiology of PD through the application of a multi-marker discovery approach. Fifty older adults aged 70+, 20...
Tue May 26, 2020 03:00
This article reviews the use of human neuroimaging for chronic subjective tinnitus. Evidence-based guidance on the clinical use of imaging to identify relevant auditory lesions when evaluating tinnitus patients is given. After introducing the anatomy and imaging modalities most pertinent to the neuroscience of tinnitus, the article reviews tinnitus-associated alterations in key auditory and nonauditory networks in the central nervous system. Emphasis is placed on how these findings support proposed...
Tue May 26, 2020 03:00
Capsulectomy is a standard treatment for capsular contracture after breast augmentation. Incision via the endoscopic transaxillary approach is generally preferred by Asian women, but relevant literature addressing endoscopic transaxillary capsulectomy is limited. This study described the techniques of endoscopic transaxillary capsulectomy with reimplantation performed as a single-operator outpatient procedure. This retrospective study included patients with diagnosis of capsular contracture underwent...
Tue May 26, 2020 03:00
Nasal deformities represent the main condition requiring a dorsal nasal reconstruction, in order to obtain a harmonic and pleasant nasal profile, projection and width. Multiple techniques have been described to achieve this purpose, while one of the most commonly used is the “diced cartilage graft” [1-4] We describe a new approach to this surgical procedure where an absorbable collagen membrane is adopted to “wrap” cartilage graft, being a valuable alternative to the currently used materials.
Tue May 26, 2020 03:00
: Mini-temporalis transposition (MTT) flaps, modified from Gillies’ technique, have become less popular than temporalis tendon transfers for midface reanimation. Mini-temporalis transposition involves raising the middle third of the temporalis, transposition over the zygomatic arch and lengthening with deep temporalis fascia which is sutured to the orbicularis oris.
Tue May 26, 2020 03:00
Virtual and augmented reality (VR and AR) are fast developing technologies that allow the three-dimensional visualisation of digital information.
Tue May 26, 2020 03:00
Surgeons have preferential ways of performing the venous anastomosis in the head and neck microsurgery. However, controversies exist regarding superiority of each method. This study aims to determine the effects of these variables on rates of thrombosis and flap failure and propose an algorithm to be used as a facilitator in the decision making process.208 microsurgical reconstructions on 199 patients from a single surgeon's data were evaluated. Selection of recipient vein (superficial vs. deep),...
Tue May 26, 2020 03:00
: Prominent ears are the most common congenital abnormality of the head and neck, occurring in 5% of the Caucasian population. Facial disfigurement can cause psychosocial distress, low self-esteem, and varying levels of social isolation most notable in school age children. Although prominent ear correction is the most frequently performed aesthetic operation in children and adolescents, to our knowledge, the relationship between prominent ears and psychological, social and educational issues has...
Mon May 25, 2020 03:00
Introduction: Reconstruction of the crus of the antihelix after tumor resection is a significant surgical challenge and to date no ideal method has been described. The authors present a novel approach using a pedicled flap from preauricular excess skin which is tunneled through the helix to the anterior auricular surface.Material and Methods: The presented technique was successfully applied in a series of three patients requiring reconstruction of the superior and inferior crus of the antihelix after...
Mon May 25, 2020 03:00
Global estimates suggest that there are approximately 500 million obese adults worldwide1. With an increasing number of patients undergoing bariatric surgery, there is an increasing demand for body-contouring. The most common complaint in this patient population is abdominal contour deformities2,3. Unlike the typical abdominoplasty patient that has an excess of skin and fat in the vertical dimension, the massive weight loss patient may have excess in both the transverse and vertical dimensions. First...
Mon May 25, 2020 03:00
Currently the COVID-19 pandemic is putting significant strain on the healthcare systems across the globe. Our anaesthetic colleagues are under immense pressure and in some instances have been redeployed to other settings, limiting our ability to operate under general or regional anaesthesia. We propose that training in both wide awake local anaesthesia no tourniquet (WALANT) as well as ultrasound guided blocks should be incorporated into plastic surgery training or at the very least in to the hand...
Mon May 25, 2020 03:00
Mon May 25, 2020 03:00
Reconstruction of Wassel IV-D radial polydactyly is challenging and requires a custom strategy dependent on the relative size and shape of the radial and ulnar duplicates. Here we describe a technique using a boot-shaped neurovascular island flap and review our outcomes.
Mon May 25, 2020 03:00
Breast reconstruction with DIEP flap is a well- accepted and established technique for autologous breast reconstruction. In the past, this reconstructive option was typically offered to a limited group of patients, as previous surgeries or low BMI were considered an obstacle for the success of the procedure or for the achievement of a satisfactory cosmetic outcome due to the lack of available tissue. Nowadays this does not correspond to truth anymore and DIEP flaps are performed routinely on slender...
Mon May 25, 2020 03:00
As novel tissue engineering and bioprinting technologies are being explored for future auricular cartilage repair, there is also a growing need to involve relevant stakeholders in the research process in order to further align research incentives with societal needs and expectations. Scientists, physicians, funding agencies and ethical committees are still considered the main actors driving (bio)medical research. However, the voice of patient stakeholders is largely absent in the development process...
Mon May 25, 2020 03:00
Splinting of ears in neonates to correct the congenital auricular deformities has been well described. Despite being a non-invasive technique and having a potential to prevent need for correctional surgery, it's up-take across the UK has been poor. This study evaluates the outcomes of neonatal ear splinting for congenital ear deformities from a regional ear splinting service.The retrospective study of patients undergoing neonatal ear splinting from 2009- 2015 was conducted at the Welsh Centre for...
Mon May 25, 2020 03:00
The use of acellular dermal matrix (ADM) in immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) continues to increase despite ongoing concerns with respect to increased complication rates. While the indications for radiation continue to broaden it is essential to critically evaluate ADM's performance in its context. The purpose of this study was to review complication rates between patients undergoing IBR and radiation, with and without ADM.
Mon May 25, 2020 03:00
There is paucity of data on primary interposition vascular graft (IVG) use in microsurgery. Our study examines the characteristics, indications and outcomes of IVG in free flap breast reconstruction.
Mon May 25, 2020 03:00
We would like to present a study in which hemodynamic changes that occur during free DIEP flap procedure were intraoperatively assessed using the transit-time flowmetry (TTFM).
Mon May 25, 2020 03:00
One in three women in Europe inherited the receptor for progesterone from Neanderthals -- a gene variant associated with increased fertility, fewer bleedings during early pregnancy and fewer miscarriages, according to new research.
Tue May 26, 2020 22:17
A new look into the genomes of natural populations of the common house mice by a team of researchers suggests that large-scale chromosomal rearrangements play an important role in speciation.
Tue May 26, 2020 21:53
Researchers have systematically investigated developmental milestones in wild chimpanzees of the Taï National Park (Ivory Coast) and found that they develop slowly, requiring more than five years to reach key motor, communication and social milestones. This timeframe is similar to humans, suggesting slow maturation of the brain.
Tue May 26, 2020 21:53
Scientists have identified candidate resistance genes that could protect ash trees from the emerald ash borer (EAB), a deadly pest that is expected to kill billions of trees worldwide.
Mon May 25, 2020 18:56
New area of application for gene scissors: Optimized proteins for biomedical research.
Tue May 26, 2020 18:50
Publication date: July 2020Source: European Journal of Cancer, Volume 133Author(s): Alexander M.M. Eggermont, Piotr Rutkowski, Caroline Dutriaux, Rainer Hofman-Wellenhof, Peter Dziewulski, Maria Marples, Floren Grange, Catherine Lok, Elisabetta Pennachioli, Caroline Robert, Alexander C.J. van Akkooi, Lars Bastholt, Alessandro Minisini, Ernest Marshall, François Salès, Jean-Jacques Grob, Oliver Bechter, Dirk Schadendorf, Sandrine Marreaud, Michal Kicinski
Tue May 26, 2020 21:54
Mucosal Immunology, Published online: 26 May 2020; doi:10.1038/s41385-020-0299-1Regulatory T cells control the dynamic and site-specific polarization of total CD4 T cells following Salmonella infection
Tue May 26, 2020 03:00
Mucosal Immunology, Published online: 26 May 2020; doi:10.1038/s41385-020-0301-yNiche rather than origin dysregulates mucosal Langerhans cells development in aged mice
Tue May 26, 2020 03:00
Tue May 26, 2020 03:00
Tue May 26, 2020 03:00
Mucosal Immunology, Published online: 26 May 2020; doi:10.1038/s41385-020-0298-2Group-2 innate lymphoid cell-dependent regulation of tissue neutrophil migration by alternatively activated macrophage-secreted Ear11
Tue May 26, 2020 03:00
Tue May 26, 2020 03:00
Surgical Infections, Ahead of Print.
Thu May 21, 2020 10:00
Abstract Octopus cells in the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN) have been difficult to study because of the very features that distinguish them from other VCN neurons. We performed in vivo recordings in cats on well-isolated units, some of which were intracellularly labeled and histologically reconstructed. We found that responses to low-frequency tones with frequencies < 1 kHz reveal higher levels of neural synchrony and entrainment to the stimulus than the auditory nerve. In...
Tue May 26, 2020 03:00
Σχεδόν το ένα τρίτο του παγκόσμιου πληθυσμού πάσχει από αλλεργίες. Για τις αλλεργικές αντιδράσεις ενοχοποιούνται ορισμένα αντισώματα, που ονομάζονται αντισώματα IgE, όπως η ανοσοσφαιρίνη Ε (IgE), η οποία συνδέεται ευθέως με διάφορα αλλεργιογόνα. Δηλαδή, κατά την εισπνοή ή την κατάποση του αλλεργιογόνου, η IgE έρχεται σε επαφή και ενεργοποιεί τα σιτευτικά κύτταρα (κύτταρα των ιστών των βλεννογόνων) του αναπνευστικού και γαστρεντερικού συστήματος και πυροδοτεί την έκκριση ισταμίνης στον οργανισμό,...
Tue May 26, 2020 13:10
Επιστήμονες από τη Βρετανία και τη Σουηδία βρήκαν ένα τρόπο να σχεδιάσουν ένα αντίσωμα – το πρώτο του είδους του- που μπορεί να ανιχνεύσει τα τοξικά σωματίδια, τα οποία καταστρέφουν τα υγιή εγκεφαλικά κύτταρα, οδηγώντας στη νόσο Αλτσχάιμερ. Η νέα μέθοδος αναγνωρίζει με μεγάλη ακρίβεια τα τοξικά βήτα-αμυλοειδή, που αποτελούν το «σήμα κατατεθέν» της νευροεκφύλισης της νόσου Αλτσχάιμερ και υπολογίζει τον αριθμό τους, άρα το βαθμό εξέλιξης της πάθησης στον εγκέφαλο. Χάρη σε αυτό, δημιουργείται η ελπίδα...
Tue May 26, 2020 10:20
Το ερώτημα αυτό θα χρειαστεί χρόνο να απαντηθεί, καθώς εδώ και λίγους μήνες είναι που οι κοινωνικές επαφές έχουν περιοριστεί σχετικώς στις περισσότερες ανεπτυγμένες κοινωνίες, λόγω COVID-19. Η έρευνα πάντως που έχουμε στα χέρια μας τονίζει ότι τέτοιες συνθήκες δεν είναι καλές για την υγεία του πληθυσμού. Γνωρίζουμε από άλλες μελέτες ότι το να αισθάνεται κάποιος μόνος ή να μην έχει επαφές με φίλους και συγγενείς μπορεί να έχει αντίκτυπο στη σωματική του υγεία και ότι αντιθέτως η ύπαρξη ισχυρών κοινωνικών...
Tue May 26, 2020 08:42
Η ατμοσφαιρική ρύπανση επιβαρύνει σοβαρά την υγεία, με επιστημονικές έρευνες να έχουν αναδείξει τις βλάβες που προκαλεί στη νεφρική λειτουργία, τη σύνδεσή της με καρδιακές και πνευμονικές παθήσεις, ενώ τον Ιανουάριο του 2020, ανάλυση του ΣΕΒ έδειξε πως οι θάνατοι στη χώρα μας από την ατμοσφαιρική ρύπανση ανέρχονται στους 77 ανά 100 χιλ. άτομα πληθυσμού έναντι 40 στον ΟΟΣΑ. Νέα επιστημονικά ευρήματα ωστόσο από τη γειτονική Ιταλία, φέρνουν στο προσκήνιο επιπρόσθετα στοιχεία για τις αρνητικές επιπτώσεις...
Tue May 26, 2020 08:10
Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonology, Ahead of Print.
Thu May 21, 2020 10:00
Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonology, Ahead of Print.
Thu May 21, 2020 10:00
Abstract Transitional foods are under-utilized in the adult population as they may provide an opportunity to optimize eating pleasure and nutrition for individuals on a modified texture diet. Yet, little is known about the behavioral properties of transitional foods and no research to date has explored the dissolution of known transitional foods in adults. This study aimed to understand the extent of dissolution of five transitional snacks items in relationship to time, tongue...
Tue May 26, 2020 03:00
Abstract Objective To determine the prevalence of dysphagia among an older population and patients with stroke, head and neck cancers (HNCs) or neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) in China, to identify the factors associated with this condition, and to explore the relationship between dysphagia and nutritional status. Methods This study included participants...
Tue May 26, 2020 03:00
Abstract Archaeological excavations at the White Hill Mansion in Fieldsboro, Burlington County, New Jersey, revealed material evidence of identity construction and maintenance among the Delaware Valley’s rural elite during the late colonial and early Republic periods. This article focuses on the lives and experiences of the Field family at White Hill and, in particular, three of the property’s owners: Robert Field II, a successful merchant; his wife Mary Peale Field; and their...
Tue May 26, 2020 03:00
Nature Communications, Published online: 26 May 2020; doi:10.1038/s41467-020-16281-xEvery year, hundreds of people die at sea because of vessel accidents, and a key challenge in reducing these fatalities is to make Search and Rescue (SAR) planning more efficient. Here, the authors uncover hidden flow features that attract floating objects, providing specific information for optimal SAR planning.
Tue May 26, 2020 03:00
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Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos 72100 Crete Greece,00302841026182,00306932607174,alsfakia@gmail.com,