Αρχειοθήκη ιστολογίου

Σάββατο 12 Αυγούστου 2017

Former Wigan and Leigh Hospice patient given honour of starting first ever Leigh Community 10k race - Leigh Journal

Leigh Journal
Former Wigan and Leigh Hospice patient given honour of starting first ever Leigh Community 10k race
Leigh Journal
Steve Hook, from Pennington, Leigh, will start the first ever Leigh Community 10k at 9.30am at the town hall 15 years after being diagnosed with tonsil cancer which developed aggressively. The 57-year-old had to have two operations but suffered side ...

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Risk of Malignant Mesothelioma Plateaus Four Decades After First Asbestos Exposure, Italian Study Reports - Mesothelioma Research News

Mesothelioma Research News
Risk of Malignant Mesothelioma Plateaus Four Decades After First Asbestos Exposure, Italian Study Reports
Mesothelioma Research News
Researchers found no association between asbestos exposure and a steady increase in the risk of death from cancers of the larynx, pharynx, and digestive tract — stomach, colon, and rectum. The larynx is the voice box, and the pharynx another part of ...



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The functional domains for Bax∆2 aggregate-mediated caspase 8-dependent cell death

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Publication date: Available online 12 August 2017
Source:Experimental Cell Research
Author(s): Adriana Mañas, Sheng Wang, Adam Nelson, Jiajun Li, Yu Zhao, Huaiyuan Zhang, Aislinn Davis, Bingqing Xie, Natalia Maltsev, Jialing Xiang
Bax∆2 is a functional pro-apoptotic Bax isoform having alterations in its N-terminus, but sharing the rest of its sequence with Baxα. Bax∆2 is unable to target mitochondria due to the loss of helix α1. Instead, it forms cytosolic aggregates and activates caspase 8. However, the functional domain(s) responsible for BaxΔ2 behavior have remained elusive. Here we show that disruption of helix α1 makes Baxα mimic the behavior of Bax∆2. However, the other alterations in the Bax∆2 N-terminus have no significant impact on aggregation or cell death. We found that the hallmark BH3 domain is necessary but not sufficient for aggregation-mediated cell death. We also noted that the core region shared by Baxα and Bax∆2 is required for the formation of large aggregates, which is essential for BaxΔ2 cytotoxicity. However, aggregation by itself is unable to trigger cell death without the C-terminus. Interestingly, the C-terminal helical conformation, not its primary sequence, appears to be critical for caspase 8 recruitment and activation. As Bax∆2 shares core and C-terminal sequences with most Bax isoforms, our results not only reveal a structural basis for Bax∆2-induced cell death, but also imply an intrinsic potential for aggregate-mediated caspase 8-dependent cell death in other Bax family members.



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The expression of ERK and JNK in patients with an endemic osteochondropathy, Kashin-Beck disease

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Publication date: Available online 12 August 2017
Source:Experimental Cell Research
Author(s): XiaoXia Dai, RuiXia Song, YongMin Xiong
Kashin–Beck disease (KBD) is a chronic, endemic osteochondropathy. Its etiopathogenesis is still obscure until now. Epidemiological observation has shown that low selenium play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of KBD. Extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) and C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) superfamily, play an important role in cell proliferation and differentiation. Nuclear factor-ĸB (NF-ĸB), an important signaling mediator for inflammatory and immune responses, is involved in the regulation of osteoclastogenesis. In the present study, we investigated the expression of ERK and JNK signal molecular, as well as nuclear factor-ĸB in the pathogenesis of Kashin-Beck disease, evaluated the effect of selenium on ERK signal pathway. The expression levels of ERK and JNK signal pathway, as well as nuclear factor-ĸB were investigated for 218 patients and 209 controls by immunoblot analysis in whole blood. Evaluated the effect of selenium on ERK signal pathway by Na2SeO3 treatment. The protein levels of pRaf-1, pMek1/2 and pErk1/2 decreased significantly in KBD patients, p-JNK and NF-ĸB increased in KBD patients. Furthermore, Na2SeO3 treatment improved the reduction of proteins in ERK signal pathway. These findings indicated that ERK and JNK signaling pathways, as well as the expression level of NF-κB signaling molecular are important contributor to the pathogenesis of KBD. Selenium stimulates the phosphorylation of the ERK signaling pathway.



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Machupo virus

Machupo virus: a virus of the Arenaviridae family of viruses that was discovered in 1963 as the cause of an outbreak of hemorrhagic fever in Bolivia. Symptoms of Bolivian hemorrhagic fever include pain, high fever, and bleeding from multiple body sites. The illness can be rapidly fatal. Since discovery of the Machupo virus in the 1960s there have been isolated outbreaks of the illness in Bolivia, where the virus is endemic.



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Toxic effects of copper on liver and cholinesterase of Clarias gariepinus

Abstract

The release of pollutants, especially heavy metals, into the aquatic environment is known to have detrimental effects on such an environment and on living organisms including humans when those pollutants are allowed to enter the food chain. The aim of this study is to analyse the damage to Clarias gariepinus' liver caused by exposure to different concentrations of copper. In the present study, samples of C. gariepinus were exposed to sub-lethal copper sulphate (CuSO4) concentrations (from 0.2 to 20.0 mg/L) for 96 h. Physiological and behavioural alterations were observed with respect to their swimming pattern, mucus secretion and skin colour. Mortality was also observed at high concentrations of copper. Histopathological alterations of the liver were analysed under light, transmission and scanning electron microscopies. The liver of the untreated group showed normal tissue structures, while histopathological abnormalities were observed in the treated fish under light and electron microscopes with increased copper concentrations. Histopathological abnormalities include necrosis, melanomacrophage, hepatic fibrosis and congested blood vessels. In addition, the enzyme activity of liver cholinesterase (ChE) was also found to be affected by copper sulphate, as 100% of cholinesterase activity was inhibited at 20.0 mg/L. Thus, liver enzyme activity and histopathological changes are proven to be alternative sources for biomarkers of metal toxicity.



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Enhanced phosphorus removal in intermittently aerated constructed wetlands filled with various construction wastes

Abstract

Phosphorus (P) loss by various pathways in constructed wetlands (CWs) is often variable. The effects of intermittent aeration and different construction waste substrates (gravel, red brick, fly-ash brick) on P processing using six batch-operated vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs) were studied for decentralized domestic wastewater treatment. Average removal of total phosphorus (TP) in three aerated CWs was markedly higher (21.06, 24.83, and 27.02 mg m−2 day−1, respectively) than non-aerated CWs (10.64, 18.16, and 25.09 mg m−2 day−1, respectively). Fly-ash brick offered superior TP removal efficiency in both aerated and non-aerated batch-operated VFCWs, suggesting its promising application for P removal in CWs. Aeration greatly promoted plant growth and thusly increased plant uptake of P by 0.57–1.45 times. Substance storage was still the main P sink accounting for 23.92–59.47% of TP removal. Other process including microbial uptake was revealed to be a very important P removal pathway (accounting for 14.86–34.84%). The contribution of microbial uptake was also indicated by microbial analysis. Long-term results suggested that the contribution of microbial P uptake could be always ignored and underestimated in most CWs. A combination of intermittent aeration and suitable substrates is effective to intensify P transformation in CWs.



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Spectroscopic and calorimetric assays reveal dependence on dCTP and two metals (Zn2++Mg2+) for enzymatic activity of Schistosoma mansoni deoxycytidylate (dCMP) deaminase

Publication date: Available online 12 August 2017
Source:Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Proteins and Proteomics
Author(s): Jéssica Fernandes Scortecci, Vitor Hugo Balasco Serrão, Juliana Cheleski, Juliana Roberta Torini, Larissa Romanello, Ricardo DeMarco, Humberto D'Muniz Pereira
The parasite Schistosoma mansoni possess all pathways for pyrimidine biosynthesis, whereby deaminases play an essential role in the thymidylate cycle, a crucial step to controlling the ratio between cytidine and uridine nucleotides. In this study, we heterologously expressed and purified the deoxycytidylate (dCMP) deaminase from S. mansoni to obtain structural, biochemical and kinetic information. Small-angle X-ray scattering of this enzyme showed that it is organized as a hexamer in solution. Isothermal titration calorimetry was used to determine the kinetic constants for dCMP-dUMP conversion and the role of dCTP and dTTP in enzymatic regulation. We evaluated the metals involved in activating the enzyme and show for the first time the dependence of correct folding on the interaction of two metals. This study provides information that may be useful for understanding the regulatory mechanisms involved in the metabolic pathways of S. mansoni. Thus, improving our understanding of the function of these essential pathways for parasite metabolism and showing for the first time the hitherto unknown deaminase function in this parasite.



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Mechanistic insights into F420-dependent glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase using isotope effects and substrate inhibition studies

Publication date: Available online 12 August 2017
Source:Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Proteins and Proteomics
Author(s): Mercy A. Oyugi, Ghader Bashiri, Edward N. Baker, Kayunta Johnson-Winters
F420-dependent glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (FGD) is involved in the committed step of the pentose phosphate pathway within mycobacteria, where it catalyzes the reaction between glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) and the F420 cofactor to yield 6-phosphogluconolactone and the reduced cofactor, F420H2. Here, we aim to probe the FGD reaction mechanism using dead-end inhibition experiments, as well as solvent and substrate deuterium isotope effects studies. The dead-end inhibition studies performed using citrate as the inhibitor revealed competitive and uncompetitive inhibition patterns for G6P and F420 respectively, thus suggesting a mechanism of ordered addition of substrates in which the F420 cofactor must first bind to FGD before G6P binding. The solvent deuterium isotope effects studies yielded normal solvent kinetic isotope effects (SKIE) on kcat and kcat/Km for both G6P and F420. The proton inventory data yielded a fractionation factor of 0.37, suggesting that the single proton responsible for the observed SKIE is likely donated by Glu109 and protonates the cofactor at position N1. The steady state substrate deuterium isotope effects studies using G6P and G6P-d1 yielded KIE of 1.1 for both kcat and kcat/Km, while the pre-steady state KIE on kobs was 1.4. Because the hydride transferred to C5 of F420 was the one targeted for isotopic substitution, these KIE values provide further evidence to support our previous findings that hydride transfer is likely not rate-limiting in the FGD reaction .

Graphical abstract

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An integrative system biology approach to unravel potential drug candidates for multiple age related disorders

Publication date: Available online 12 August 2017
Source:Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Proteins and Proteomics
Author(s): Isha Srivastava, Pooja Khurana, Mohini Yadav, Yasha Hasija
Aging, though an inevitable part of life, is becoming a worldwide social and economic problem. Healthy aging is usually marked by low probability of age related disorders. Good therapeutic approaches are still in need to cure age related disorders. Occurrence of more than one ARD in an individual, expresses the need of discovery of such target proteins, which can affect multiple ARDs. Advanced scientific and medical research technologies throughout last three decades have arrived to the point where lots of key molecular determinants affect human disorders can be examined thoroughly. In this study, we designed and executed an approach to prioritize drugs that may target multiple age related disorders. Our methodology, focused on the analysis of biological pathways and protein protein interaction networks that may contribute to the pharmacology of age related disorders, included various steps such as retrieval and analysis of data, protein-protein interaction network analysis, and statistical and comparative analysis of topological coefficients, pathway, and functional enrichment analysis, and identification of drug-target proteins. We assume that the identified molecular determinants may be prioritized for further screening as novel drug targets to cure multiple ARDs. Based on the analysis, an online tool named as 'ARDnet' has been developed to construct and demonstrate ARD interactions at the level of PPI, ARDs and ARDs protein interaction, ARDs pathway interaction and drug-target interaction. The tool is freely made available at http://ift.tt/2vQ956s

Graphical abstract

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Preoperative Signs and Symptoms as Prognostic Markers in Nasal Septoplasty

Identification of preoperative signs and symptoms that may predict the outcome of surgery is important, for both patient selection and the development of interventions for improving outcomes. The purpose of this study was to assess the value of some selected preoperative signs and symptoms for predicting outcomes of nasal septoplasty. Patients undergoing septoplasty with or without turbinoplasty responded to the Nasal Surgical Questionnaire (NSQ) preoperatively and six months postoperatively. The questionnaire contains visual analogue scales (VAS) for nasal obstruction during the day and at night. We compared preoperative and postoperative VAS scores in patients with unilateral versus bilateral septal deviation and patients with low versus high preoperative scores. Of 446 patients undergoing septoplasty from September 2014 to December 2015 who had responded to the preoperative NSQ, 286 (64.1%) also returned the postoperative version. There was greater improvement in obstruction in patients with preoperative unilateral compared to bilateral septal deviation (day scores, ). The grade of deviation and the presence of concomitant bony conchal hypertrophy did not influence results. Patients with lower preoperative VAS scores obtained better end results than those with higher scores (). Type of septal deviation and preoperative VAS scores may aid in predicting outcome of nasal surgery.

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Malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia in a patient with dyskeratosis congenita

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Publication date: Available online 12 August 2017
Source:Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology
Author(s): Michelle Bongiorno, Shayna Rivard, Daniel Hammer, Joshua Kentosh
Dyskeratosis congenita (DC) is a rare, inherited, bone marrow failure syndrome caused by premature telomere shortening. The classic mucocutaneous triad of clinical features is reticulated skin pigmentation, nail dysplasia, and oral leukoplakia. Multiple somatic features are also common including bone marrow failure, pulmonary fibrosis, and liver disease. DC significantly increases the risk for malignant transformation, including myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), and anogenital cancer. This case describes a 23 year old female with malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) demonstrated in a series of biopsies of the same site. Increased surveillance, proper biopsy technique, and a multi-disciplinary approach are critical in DC patients to ensure rapid diagnosis and treatment.



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Effects of live Myriophyllum aquaticum and its straw on cadmium accumulation in Nasturtium officinale

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to determine whether the allelopathy of living Myriophyllum aquaticum and its straw has the same effects; two pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of intercropping using M. aquaticum and its straw on the growth and cadmium (Cd) accumulation of Nasturtium officinale. Different planting ratios (1:3, 2:2 and 3:1) of N. officinale and M. aquaticum led to an increase in the biomass of both plant species and increased the Cd content in roots and shoots of N. officinale, but led to a reduction in the Cd content in roots and shoots of M. aquaticum. When the intercropping ratio of N. officinale and M. aquaticum was 3:1, the Cd amount in whole plants reached the maximum of 293.96 μg pot−1. Mulching the straw of M. aquaticum roots on the soil surface increased the biomass of N. officinale, but mulching the straw of M. aquaticum stems and leaves led to a decrease. Mulching the straw of roots, stems and leaves of M. aquaticum reduced Cd content and amounts in roots and shoots of N. officinale. Intercropping with M. aquaticum can improve the Cd uptake ability of N. officinale, but mulching M. aquaticum straw can reduce its Cd uptake ability.



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Gastrointestinal Manifestations of STAT3-Deficient Hyper-IgE Syndrome

Abstract

Objective

STAT 3 deficiency (autosomal dominant hyper immunoglobulin E syndrome (AD-HIES)) is a primary immunodeficiency disorder with multi-organ involvement caused by dominant negative signal transducer and activator of transcription gene 3 (STAT3) mutations. We sought to describe the gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations of this disease.

Methods

Seventy subjects aged five to 60 years with a molecular diagnosis of AD-HIES were evaluated at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Data collection involved a GI symptom questionnaire and retrospective chart review.

Results

In our cohort of 70 subjects, we found that 60% had GI symptoms (42/70). The most common manifestations were gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) observed in 41%, dysphagia in 31%, and abdominal pain in 24%. The most serious complications were food impaction in 13% and colonic perforation in 6%. Diffuse esophageal wall thickening in 74%, solid stool in the right colon in 50% (12/24), and hiatal hernia in 26% were the most prevalent radiologic findings. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) demonstrated esophageal tortuosity in 35% (8/23), esophageal ulceration in 17% (4/23), esophageal strictures requiring dilation in 9% (2/23), and gastric ulceration in 17% (4/23). Esophageal eosinophilic infiltration was an unexpected histologic finding seen in 65% (11/17).

Conclusion

The majority of AD-HIES subjects develop GI manifestations as part of their disease. Most notable are the symptoms and radiologic findings of GI dysmotility, as well as significant eosinophilic infiltration, concerning for a secondary eosinophilic esophagitis. These findings suggest that the STAT3 pathway may be implicated in a new mechanism for the pathogenesis of several GI disorders.



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Blood test can screen for rare sinus cancer, study finds - UPI.com

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UPI.com
Blood test can screen for rare sinus cancer, study finds
UPI.com
WEDNESDAY, Aug. 9, 2017 -- A new DNA blood test can catch a rare but deadly form of cancer that occurs in the sinuses, researchers report. The test, which looks for DNA evidence of Epstein-Barr virus in blood samples, was 97 percent accurate at ...

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Existence, Multiplicity, and Stability of Positive Solutions of a Predator-Prey Model with Dinosaur Functional Response

We investigate the property of positive solutions of a predator-prey model with Dinosaur functional response under Dirichlet boundary conditions. Firstly, using the comparison principle and fixed point index theory, the sufficient conditions and necessary conditions on coexistence of positive solutions of a predator-prey model with Dinosaur functional response are established. Secondly, by virtue of bifurcation theory, perturbation theory of eigenvalues, and the fixed point index theory, we establish the bifurcation of positive solutions of the model and obtain the stability and multiplicity of the positive solution under certain conditions. Furthermore, the local uniqueness result is studied when and are small enough. Finally, we investigate the multiplicity, uniqueness, and stability of positive solutions when is sufficiently large.

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Preoperative Signs and Symptoms as Prognostic Markers in Nasal Septoplasty

Identification of preoperative signs and symptoms that may predict the outcome of surgery is important, for both patient selection and the development of interventions for improving outcomes. The purpose of this study was to assess the value of some selected preoperative signs and symptoms for predicting outcomes of nasal septoplasty. Patients undergoing septoplasty with or without turbinoplasty responded to the Nasal Surgical Questionnaire (NSQ) preoperatively and six months postoperatively. The questionnaire contains visual analogue scales (VAS) for nasal obstruction during the day and at night. We compared preoperative and postoperative VAS scores in patients with unilateral versus bilateral septal deviation and patients with low versus high preoperative scores. Of 446 patients undergoing septoplasty from September 2014 to December 2015 who had responded to the preoperative NSQ, 286 (64.1%) also returned the postoperative version. There was greater improvement in obstruction in patients with preoperative unilateral compared to bilateral septal deviation (day scores, ). The grade of deviation and the presence of concomitant bony conchal hypertrophy did not influence results. Patients with lower preoperative VAS scores obtained better end results than those with higher scores (). Type of septal deviation and preoperative VAS scores may aid in predicting outcome of nasal surgery.

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The Influence of the Activation Temperature on the Structural Properties of the Activated Carbon Xerogels and Their Electrochemical Performance

The effect of activation temperature on the structural properties and the electrochemical performance of KOH-activated carbon xerogel was investigated in range of 700 to 1000°C. At a high temperature (1000°C), the chemical activation regenerated a more crystalline network structure of activated carbon xerogels, which was observed by Raman, XRD, and TEM images. Additionally, SEM images, BET, BJH, and -plot were used to study the structural properties of carbon xerogels. The carbon xerogel sample activated at 900°C was found with the most appropriate structure, which has the high micropore area and a more-balanced porosity between the micropores and mesopores, for using as an electrode material. The highest obtained specific capacitance value was 270 Fg−1 in 6 M KOH electrolyte at scan rate of 5 mVs−1 from the cyclic voltammetry.

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Practice of Comparative Effectiveness Research to Identify Treatment Characteristics of Similar Chinese Patent Medicine for Angina Pectoris

Objective. Individualized application of TCM is not easy and may lead to undesirable results, such as poor effect or even adverse reactions. This trial aims to compare two common Chinese patent medicines with similar effects. Background of the Research. Four hospitals carried out the test at the same time in Tianjin city of China. Participants. 144 patients were involved in this study; all patients must meet the diagnostic criteria. Interventions. Qishen Yiqi pills, compound danshen pills, and their placebos; an efficacy analysis was conducted after the first medication and after crossover medication. Primary Outcome Measures. The primary index of end point includes Seattle Angina Questionnaire score-7 and score of 7-point Likert Scale; the curative effect was compared with minimal clinically important differences value. Result. Two drugs have their respective advantages in treating SAP. In practical application, the two drugs shall be discriminated in use based on patients' specific symptoms. Trial Registration. Chinese clinical trials register is ChiCTR-TTRCC-14004406 (registered 23 March 2014).

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AAV-KLF7 Promotes Descending Propriospinal Neuron Axonal Plasticity after Spinal Cord Injury

DPSN axons mediate and maintain a variety of normal spinal functions. Unsurprisingly, DPSN tracts have been shown to mediate functional recovery following SCI. KLF7 could contribute to CST axon plasticity after spinal cord injury. In the present study, we assessed whether KLF7 could effectively promote DPSN axon regeneration and synapse formation following SCI. An AAV-KLF7 construct was used to overexpress KLF7. In vitro, KLF7 and target proteins were successfully elevated and axonal outgrowth was enhanced. In vivo, young adult C57BL/6 mice received a T10 contusion followed by an AAV-KLF7 injection at the T7–9 levels above the lesion. Five weeks later, overexpression of KLF7 was expressed in DPSN. KLF7 and KLF7 target genes (NGF, TrkA, GAP43, and P0) were detectably increased in the injured spinal cord. Myelin sparring at the lesion site, DPSN axonal regeneration and synapse formation, muscle weight, motor endplate morphology, and functional parameters were all additionally improved by KLF7 treatment. Our findings suggest that KLF7 promotes DPSN axonal plasticity and the formation of synapses with motor neurons at the caudal spinal cord, leading to improved functional recovery and further supporting the potential of AAV-KLF7 as a therapeutic agent for spinal cord injury.

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Automated Classification of Lung Cancer Types from Cytological Images Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks

Lung cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Currently, in differential diagnosis of lung cancer, accurate classification of cancer types (adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and small cell carcinoma) is required. However, improving the accuracy and stability of diagnosis is challenging. In this study, we developed an automated classification scheme for lung cancers presented in microscopic images using a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN), which is a major deep learning technique. The DCNN used for classification consists of three convolutional layers, three pooling layers, and two fully connected layers. In evaluation experiments conducted, the DCNN was trained using our original database with a graphics processing unit. Microscopic images were first cropped and resampled to obtain images with resolution of 256 × 256 pixels and, to prevent overfitting, collected images were augmented via rotation, flipping, and filtering. The probabilities of three types of cancers were estimated using the developed scheme and its classification accuracy was evaluated using threefold cross validation. In the results obtained, approximately 71% of the images were classified correctly, which is on par with the accuracy of cytotechnologists and pathologists. Thus, the developed scheme is useful for classification of lung cancers from microscopic images.

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The Role of Adenosine A2A Receptor, CYP450s, and PPARs in the Regulation of Vascular Tone

Adenosine is an endogenous mediator involved in a myriad of physiologic functions, including vascular tone regulation. It is also implicated in some pathologic conditions. Four distinct receptor subtypes mediate the effects of adenosine, such as its role in the regulation of the vascular tone. Vascular tone regulation is a complex and continuous process which involves many mechanisms and mediators that are not fully disclosed. The vascular endothelium plays a pivotal role in regulating blood flow to and from all body organs. Also, the vascular endothelium is not merely a physical barrier; it is a complex tissue with numerous functions. Among adenosine receptors, receptor subtype (AR) stands out as the primary receptor responsible for the vasodilatory effects of adenosine. This review focuses on important effectors of the vascular endothelium, including adenosine, adenosine receptors, EETs (epoxyeicosatrienoic acids), HETEs (hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids), PPARs (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors), and channels. Given the impact of vascular tone regulation in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology, better understanding of the mechanisms affecting it could have a significant potential for developing therapeutic agents for cardiovascular diseases.

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Hierarchical Shared Control of Cane-Type Walking-Aid Robot

A hierarchical shared-control method of the walking-aid robot for both human motion intention recognition and the obstacle emergency-avoidance method based on artificial potential field (APF) is proposed in this paper. The human motion intention is obtained from the interaction force measurements of the sensory system composed of 4 force-sensing registers (FSR) and a torque sensor. Meanwhile, a laser-range finder (LRF) forward is applied to detect the obstacles and try to guide the operator based on the repulsion force calculated by artificial potential field. An obstacle emergency-avoidance method which comprises different control strategies is also assumed according to the different states of obstacles or emergency cases. To ensure the user's safety, the hierarchical shared-control method combines the intention recognition method with the obstacle emergency-avoidance method based on the distance between the walking-aid robot and the obstacles. At last, experiments validate the effectiveness of the proposed hierarchical shared-control method.

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Determination of Isoflavones in Soybean Flour by Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion Extraction and Liquid Chromatography with UV-Diode Array Detection

A new analytical method, based on liquid chromatography (LC) with UV-diode array detection, for the simultaneous determination of daidzein, genistein, and glycitein and their 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (daidzin, genistin, and glycitin, resp.) has been successfully developed. All the calibration curves showed good linearity within the concentration range 0.02–2 μg/ml. The limits of detection and quantitation were 0.057 (genistin and glycitein), 0.124 μg/ml (genistein), 0.190 μg/ml (genistin and glycitein), and 0.410 μg/ml (genistein), respectively. Within-day and between-days precision were found not to be significantly different according to an F-test; values (% RSD) ranged from 2.0 to 2.9%. Extraction and clean-up of soybean flour samples were carried out using matrix solid-phase dispersion extraction (MSPD). The main parameters affecting extraction yield, such as dispersant, type and amount of additives, cosorbent, and extractive solvent, were evaluated and optimized. The average recovery values were between 85.7 and 102.6%. The target isoflavone concentration levels estimated in this work fit existing literature data and were comprised between 39.3 and 345.3 μg/g. The whole procedure has proved to be simple, accurate, precise, and cheap.

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Structural and Optical Properties of Spray Coated Carbon Hybrid Materials Applied to Transparent and Flexible Electrodes

Transparent and flexible electrodes were fabricated with cost-effective spray coating technique on polyethylene terephthalate foil substrates. Particularly designed paint compositions contained mixtures of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and graphene platelets to achieve their desired rheology and electrooptical layers parameters. Electrodes were prepared in standard technological conditions without the need of clean rooms or high temperature processing. The sheet resistance and optical transmittance of fabricated layers were tuned with the number of coatings; then the most suitable relation of these parameters was designated through the figure of merit. Optical measurements were performed in the range of wavelengths from 250 to 2500 nm with a spectrophotometer with the integration sphere. Spectral dependence of total and diffusive optical transmission for thin films with graphene platelet covered by multiwalled carbon nanotubes was designated which allowed determining the relative absorbance. Layer parameters such as thickness, refractive index, energy gap, and effective reflectance coefficient show the correlation of electrooptical properties with the technological conditions. Moreover the structural properties of fabricated layers were examined by means of the X-ray diffraction.

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Green Tea Extracts Epigallocatechin-3-gallate for Different Treatments

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a component extracted from green tea, has been proved to have multiple effects on human pathological and physiological processes, and its mechanisms are discrepant in cancer, vascularity, bone regeneration, and nervous system. Although there are multiple benefits associated with EGCG, more and more challenges are still needed to get through. For example, EGCG shows low bioactivity via oral administration. This review focuses on effects of EGCG, including anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticollagenase, and antifibrosis effects, to express the potential of EGCG and necessity of further studies in this field.

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Competence Models as a Tool for Conceptualizing the Systematic Process of Entrepreneurship Competence Development

Entrepreneurship Education (EE) is believed to be an important key to supporting learners to become entrepreneurial, which means it needs to be approached systematically. Competence models provide a platform to meaningfully embed varying interpretations, learning outcomes, and roles of EE and allow educators and other stakeholders to apply EE systematically throughout all education levels. The aim of this study was to understand how systematic entrepreneurship competence development throughout the education levels is conceptualized in different EE competence models. In other words, what are the critical aspects to consider while constructing systematic competence models for EE purposes? The results of the analysis of the competence models help educators, school boards, policymakers, local municipalities, researchers, and other relevant stakeholders to obtain a clearer understanding of how EE learning outcomes can be systematically achieved at all education levels. However, lacking empirical proof regarding the impact of the models' application, these models represent the "optimal set" of expected competencies for specific education levels and types. In its original form, a competence model established for a specific education system is unlikely to fit the needs and aims of other education systems. Thus, it is recommended that any model be adapted to a specific need and with a focus on learning outcomes.

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Advanced Oxidation Protein Products and Carbonylated Proteins as Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Selected Atherosclerosis-Mediated Diseases

Objectives. The main question of this study was to evaluate the intensity of oxidative protein modification shown as advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and carbonylated proteins, expressed as protein carbonyl content (C=O) in abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA), aortoiliac occlusive disease (AIOD), and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Design and Methods. The study was carried out in a group of 35 AAA patients and 13 AIOD patients. However, CKD patients were divided into two groups: predialysis (PRE) included 50 patients or hemodialysis (HD) consisted of 34 patients. AOPP and C=O were measured using colorimetric assay kit, while C-reactive protein concentration was measured by high-sensitivity assay (hsCRP). Results. The concentration of AOPP in both AAA and AIOD groups was higher than in PRE and HD groups according to descending order: AAA~AIOD > HD > PRE. The content of C=O was higher in the PRE group in comparison to AIOD and AAA according to the descending order: PRE~HD > AAA~AIOD. Conclusions. AAA, AIOD, and CKD-related atherosclerosis (PRE and HD) contribute to the changes in the formation of AOPP and C=O. They may promote modification of proteins in a different way, probably due to the various factors that influence oxidative stress here.

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Ginsenoside Rg1 Attenuates Cigarette Smoke-Induced Pulmonary Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition via Inhibition of the TGF-β1/Smad Pathway

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process associated with airway remodeling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which leads to progressive pulmonary destruction. Panax ginseng is a traditional herbal medicine that has been shown to improve pulmonary function and exercise capacity in patients with COPD. Ginsenoside Rg1 is one of the main active components and was shown to inhibit oxidative stress and inflammation. The present study investigated the hypothesis that ginsenoside Rg1 attenuates EMT in COPD rats induced by cigarette smoke (CS) and human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Our data showed that CS or CSE exposure increased expression of the mesenchymal marker α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and decreased expression of the epithelial marker epithelial cadherin (E-cad) in both lung tissues and HBE cells, which was markedly suppressed by ginsenoside Rg1. Importantly, CS-induced upregulation of TGF-β1/Smad pathway components, including TGF-β1, TGF-βR1, phospho-Smad2, and phospho-Smad3, was also inhibited by ginsenoside Rg1. Additionally, ginsenoside Rg1 mimicked the effect of SB525334, a TGF-βR1-Smad2/3 inhibitor, on suppression of EMT in CSE-induced HBE cells. Collectively, we concluded that ginsenoside Rg1 alleviates CS-induced pulmonary EMT, in both COPD rats and HBE cells, via inhibition of the TGF-β1/Smad pathway.

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Association between FcεRIB Polymorphisms and Asthma in Asian Population: a Meta-analysis

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Immunological Mechanisms Implicated in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Urticaria and Hashimoto Thyroiditis

Autoimmunity represents the attack of the immune system of an organism against its own cells and tissues. Autoimmune diseases may affect one organ (Hashimoto thyroiditis) or can be systemic (chronic urticaria). Many factors are implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity (white cells, cytokines, chemokines). Hashimoto thyroiditis has been associated with chronic urticaria in the last 3 decades in a number of clinical studies. Anti-thyroid antibodies have been documented in a proportion ranging from 10% to 30% in chronic urticaria patients in different countries from 3 continents. Two of the factors involved in the mechanism of autoimmunity are present both in the pathophysiology of Hashimoto thyroiditis and chronic urticaria. According to recent studies, IL6 is implicated in the pathogenesis of both diseases. TregsCD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cells have also been implicated in the pathological mechanisms of these 2 entities. This review offers an explanation of the clinical and statistical association between these two diseases from the pathophysiological point of view.



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Correlation of Serum Levels of IL-33, IL-37, Soluble Form of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 (VEGFR2), and Circulatory Frequency of VEGFR2-expressing Cells with Multiple Sclerosis Severity

IL-33 and IL-37 (new cytokines of IL-1 family), soluble form of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (sVEGFR2) as well as membranous expression of VEGFR2 have some key roles in the pathogenesis of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to correlate circulatory changes of these factors with the severity of multiple sclerosis (MS) as an autoimmune and inflammatory disease. Our case-control study was performed on 84 patients with MS and 75 healthy subjects. The serum levels of IL-33, IL-37 and sVEGFR2 in the peripheral blood samples of all participants were measured by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA). Flow cytometry was used to analyze the circulatory number of VEGFR2-expressing cells. The severity of MS was evaluated using the expanded disability status scale (EDSS). Finally, we evaluated the correlation between serum levels of those factors with disease severity. Our findings showed that the serum level of IL-33, IL-37, sVEGFR2 and the circulatory number of VEGFR2-expressing cells were increased in patients with MS compared to healthy subjects (p<0.0001). Also, there was a significant correlation between serum levels of these 3 factors with disease severity according to EDSS. Our study showed that the serum levels of IL-33, IL-37 and sVEGFR2 may be important prognostic biomarkers of MS.



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Interleukin 7 Receptor Alpha Gene Variants Are Correlated with Gene Expression in Patients with Relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis

The association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the IL-7Rα gene with multiple sclerosis (MS) have been documented in various populations. This study aimed to evaluate the genotype distributions of two SNPs, rs6897932 and rs201084372, and the functional association of rs6897932 in relation to IL-7Rα gene expression in a group of Iranian relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients.  Genotyping for both SNPs in the IL7Rα gene and relative quantification of mRNA expression for both isoforms of IL-7Rα were performed in 100 RRMS patients and 100 ethnic-matched healthy controls. Higher significant frequencies of the T allele and TT genotype for rs6897932 (C/T) were observed in patients comparing to controls (p=0.006). Higher frequencies of the T allele and the TT and TG genotypes and lower frequencies of the G allele and GG genotypes for rs201084372 (G/A) were found in patients comparing to controls (p<0.0001).  A decreased level of mRNA expression for the membrane-bound IL-7Rα (mbIL-7Rα) and an increased level of mRNA for the soluble IL-7Rα (sIL-7Rα) were observed in patients versus controls (p=0.005 and p=0.002 respectively). A significant decreased level of mRNA expression for mbIL-7Rα (p=0.01) and an increased level of mRNA for sIL-7Rα (p=0.008) were observed in RRMS patients compared to healthy controls carrying the TT+CT genotypes. The higher levels of mRNA expression for the sIL-7Rα isoform in MS patients carrying the IL7R*TT genotype is a new finding not previously reported in studies on the genotype-induced effects of IL-7Rα expression in multiple sclerosis.

 



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Association between +4259 T>G and -574 G>T Polymorphisms of TIM-3 with Asthma in an Iranian Population

T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain (TIM)-3 have been shown to negatively regulate Th1 cell-mediated immunity. Activation of TIM-3 by galectin-9 induces Th1 cell apoptosis, which may contribute to skewing of immune response towards Th2-dominant immunity. The aim of this study was to determine whether certain genetic variations of TIM-3 influence predisposition to asthma in a sample of Iranian population. This case-control study was conducted on 209 patients with asthma and 200 healthy controls. The +4259 T>G and -574 G>T polymorphisms were detected using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP) and amplification refractory mutation system-PCR(ARMS-PCR). Total serum IgE was further measured with ELISA. Notably, +4259T > G and-574G>T polymorphisms of TIM-3 were significantly associated with the susceptibility to asthma. In addition, the present study showed a significant difference between the distribution frequency of the GT + TT genotype and T allele on the +4259 T>G and -574 G>T locus between the groups.However, no correlation between the +4259 T > G and -574G > T polymorphisms and total serum IgE levels were observed. Together these results suggest that the TIM-3 +4259 T>G and -574 G>T polymorphisms are greatly associated with the susceptibility of Iranian population to asthma, which could open up new horizons for  better understanding of the pathophysiology, diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic approaches of asthma. 



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Frequency of HLA DQβ1*0201 and DQβ1*0301 Alleles and Total Serum IgE in Patients with Bronchial Asthma: A Pilot Study from Pakistan

In Pakistan about 3.7% of the population is suffering from asthma, a chronic inflammatory disorder of airways. Asthma has wide spectrum of predisposing factors including environment and genetics. Many studies have been performed to determine association of asthma with serum IgE and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) alleles but conflicting results were reported. Therefore, present study was designed to determine frequency of HLA-DQβ1*0201 and DQβ1*0301 alleles in patients with bronchial asthma. This case control study included 85 asthmatic patients and 85 healthy controls. HLA-DQβ1*0201 and DQβ1*0301 alleles were detected by allele specific PCR and serum IgE was determined by ELISA. Median and inter-quartile range (IQR) of total IgE level were more increased in asthma patients (585.7 IU/mL and 247.2-848.1 IU/mL) compared to healthy controls (65.1 IU/mL and 28.1-181.3 IU/mL) (p<0.001). Frequency of HLA-DQβ1*0201 and -DQβ1*0301 alleles was more in healthy controls (32% and 38%, p=0.616) as compared to bronchial asthma patients (28% and 26%, p= 0.09). There was a significant association of IgE levels and HLA-DQβ1*0201 allele. Patients positive for HLA-DQβ1*0201 allele had low level of serum IgE 357.2 IU/mL (153.9-634.3 IU/mL) compared to the patients negative for this HLA allele i.e. 642.9 IU/mL (289.8-1299.5IU/mL) (p=0.005), whereas, HLA-DQβ1*0301 allele was not associated with total serum IgE level (p=0.865). Our findings show that HLA-DQβ1*0201 and -DQβ1*0301 alleles were not associated with asthma; however, HLA-DQβ1*0201 allele was associated with low levels of total serum IgE in the study population.



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Decreased Sensitization to Aeroallergens among Southwestern Iranian Male Farmers

Farmers are usually exposed to various inhaled allergens like pollens, mites, molds, and animal dander in their working environment which may lead to allergic rhinitis, asthma and urticaria. The purpose of this study was to identify sensitization to various aeroallergens in farmers and their occupational allergy symptoms. This cross sectional study included 103 male farmers and 100 non-farmer healthy controls. The work-related symptoms of farmers were recorded with a questionnaire. Spirometry and skin prick tests with 15 commercial allergen extracts were performed in both farmers and controls. The rate of sensitization to at least one of the applied aeroallergens was 47.6% in farmers compared to 65% in the control group (OR=0.48; CI 95%, 1.08 to 2.07) according to skin prick tests, after adjusting for age. Occupational allergy symptoms were reported by 54.3% farmers. Mean FEV1/FVC was significantly lower in farmers than in controls (p<0.001). The results of this study showed that farmers had no increased risk of sensitization to aeroallergens. Sensitization to pollens was more prevalent than to mites among the farmers in our study and smoking was an important predisposing factor in farmers who suffered from occupational allergy symptoms.



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Determination of the Most Common Indoor and Outdoor Allergens in 602 Patients with Allergic Symptoms Using Specific IgE Local Panel

Aeroallergens play an important role in developing allergic diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the outdoor and indoor sensitization using a specific regional panel of aeroallergens in allergic patients. All patients with allergic symptoms referred to Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute (IAARI) in Tehran, Iran from December 2010 to July 2013 entered this cross sectional study. We evaluated serum samples for specific IgE against 20 selected aeroallergens provided by a specific panel (RIDA Allergy Screen test, IAARI panel). A p value less than 0.05 was considered as significant. The patients (n=602) were 49.8 % male and 50.2% female. The median age was 9 years. Positive specific IgE at least to one allergen was 53.2%. The percentages of patients with only outdoor or indoor sensitization were 37.5 and 19.7%, respectively. Moreover, 42.8% showed sensitization to both indoor and outdoor aeroallergens. The most common outdoor aeroallergens in decreasing order were plane tree (32.8%), Bermuda grass (32.2%), timothy grass (30.6%), saltwort (28.4%). The percentage of specific IgE to indoor allergens including mold and mite were 23.8 % and 22.2%, respectively. There was a statistically significant relationship between specific IgE to timothy grass and mold allergens between two genders (p=0.04 and p=0.02, respectively).The results of this study shows that outdoor aeroallergens can be considered as the most common causes of allergic symptoms in our allergic patients.



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Peptide-based Vaccines Derived from FcεRI Beta Subunit Can Reduce Allergic Response in Mice Model

Current therapeutic approaches in allergic diseases especially asthma generally focus on using immunological strategies. According to the importance of FceRI in controlling allergic response we used two extracellular regions of Fc epsilon receptor I (FceRI) beta subunit peptides to design two peptide-based vaccines. Probably these peptides vaccines by triggering the immune response to FceRI can reduce the allergic symptoms through blocking the IgE specific receptor. Two extracellular parts of FceRI beta subunit were made by peptide synthesizer and conjugated with keyhole limpet Hemocyanin. These conjugated peptides were used and evaluated as therapeutic vaccines in allergic airway inflammation mouse model. Total IgE and anti ovalbumin specific IgE were measured in mice serum and compared in vaccinated and unvaccinated allergic mice. Histamine, prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), IL-4 and IL-13 were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of vaccinated allergic mice versus unvaccinated and histopathologic examination were performed in studied groups. After vaccination of mice with each of the peptide vaccines the specific antibodies titer increased significantly in vaccinated groups versus unvaccinated. In histopathologic study, lavage eosinophil percentage and peribronchial inflammation in lung sections of vaccinated groups was decreased (p<0.05). Also the allergic components including total IgE, anti ovalbumin specific IgE, histamine, PGD2, IL-4, and IL-13 showed substantial decline in vaccinated allergic mice.  Thus targeting the extracellular regions of FceRI beta subunit by peptide-based vaccines and induction of specific antibodies against them can reduce allergic responses in allergic mice model.  



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Immunoglobulin Free Light Chains in the Pathogenesis of Lung Disorders

Inflammation is an important component of numerous cancers and chronic diseases and many inflammatory mediators have been shown to have potential prognostic roles. Tumor-infiltrating mast cells can promote tumor growth and angiogenesis, but the mechanism of mast cell activation is unclear. Early studies have shown that immunoglobulin free light chains (FLC) can trigger mast cell activation in an antigen-specific manner. Increased expression of FLC is observed within the stroma of many human cancers including those of breast, colon, lung, pancreas, kidney, and skin. These overexpressed FLCs are co-localized to areas of mast cell infiltration. Importantly, FLC expression is associated with basal-like cancers with an aggressive phenotype. Moreover, FLC is expressed in areas of inflammatory cell infiltration and its expression is significantly associated with poor clinical outcome. In addition, serum and bronchoalveolar fluid FLC concentrations are increased in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) compared to control subjects. In this review, we provide an update on the role of FLC in the pathogenesis of several lung disorders and indicate how this may contribute to new therapeutic opportunities.



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How to find awesome emergency dental help while traveling

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Recently while on the mainland for business and a visit with friends, I snapped an inlay (filling) loose while flossing.

In this article, we thought you may find benefit from hearing our thought process, the questions we asked prospective dentists and ultimately what we decided to do to address this dental snafu while away from home.

First, let's define what happened and the mistake I made which caused the problem in the first place.

(If you want to skip the story, scroll to the end and just gather the takeaway gems.)

Will here. After learning all we did during the Healthy Mouth World Summit, I decided to  have some way-too-old fillings replaced. You can read more about that dental experience in our article "Why conscious sedation may NOT be in your best interest".

Some of the fillings were big enough that the dentist determined inlays would be the best solution to replace the failed fillings. Inlays, also called on-lays, are partial crowns. You see, once a filling gets too big (or affects more than one surface of the tooth), it's capacity to stay intact declines. So, rather than create a full crown, some dentists elect to place inlays, which allows them to leave more of the tooth intact rather than having to crown the whole tooth.

So, here I was flossing unconsciously and 'Snap', I broke the inlay (filling) loose.

Lesson #1 if you have a crown or any type of filling between teeth (where this inlay is placed), when flossing, never pull the taught floss up. You have to do this funky 'floss down then pull out the side' technique to avoid doing exactly what I did.

I immediately grabbed my bottle of HealThy Mouth Blend, put a couple drops on my finger, pressed on the inlay and popped it back in place, but the damage was done. The filling had broken loose from being cemented to the tooth. Thankfully, it was still in one piece so should be able to be reset.

 

Figuring out our options…

Question 1, get this done while on vacation or wait until we got home?

We weren't scheduled to be home for over a week. Every meal, I risked the inlay coming loose and damaging other teeth by biting down on it or even risked swallowing it. Plus, since the underlying tooth nerves were used to being covered, anytime I ate or drank anything, there was significant nerve stimulation (my convenient way of re-framing dental pain).

So, I had to get this restoration put back in place on the trip…

Given this decision, my mind shifted to question #2, how to find a dentist I'd trust to work in my mouth.

 

What qualities I needed to find in a dental office…

I had three main points to consider to make sure this was fixed in a way that I would be satisfied.

#1: The dentist has to use ozone gas.

Given the circumstances, I knew I had to find a dentist who used ozone gas in office.

When placing a filling, inlay or crown, there is a very real risk of trapping 'bad bugs' under the surface. Since these microbes thrive in low oxygen environments (like under a filling), it can spell real trouble if we aren't super sure that the surface is really, really clean.  and since this filling was loose enough to come off while flossing I knew bacteria had gotten under it.

We have heard from dentist friends that it's unfortunately more common than we, the public, care to believe that decayed tissue is trapped under a filling and continues to undermine the health of the tooth.

From our research, ozone gas provides the best ability to thoroughly cleanse the region. Unlike liquid materials used to cleanse a tooth in more traditional dentistry, ozone, being a gas, travels down the tiny pores of our teeth. Plus, ozone, being very active oxygen, is THE remedy for microbes that don't like oxygen.

 

#2: The office is mercury safe.

Call me a canary in a coal mine if you must, but honestly, I don't want to step foot in a dental office that either still uses mercury amalgam or doesn't take the necessary precautions when removing mercury fillings. Like our friend and mentor Dr David Kennedy shared with us many years ago, general dentists are not sufficiently educated about the toxicity in the industry.

So, I wanted to find an office that I wouldn't inadvertently be inhaling mercury vapor while being treated.

 

#3: The dentist has to have a 'helper's heart'.

We believe that we teach others how we would like to be treated by them.

Here's how that relates to being a new patient in a dental office. We believe we must approach situations consciously and clearly so we can set the relationship on the right foot.

As you may guess, we have plenty of opinions about the industry, particularly how we want (and don't want) to be treated as patients. So, we needed to find a dentist who was willing to hear our concerns and be willing to honor our requests and potentially adjust his/her habits and office practices to meet our needs.

 

Finding the right dentist…

I had heard of this cool website called OraWellness.com 🙂 where I could search various databases of dentists to find the right dentist to help me based on the above qualities.  I literally went to our article titled 'Helpful resources to help you find a qualified dentist to assist you' and looked up the various databases on that article.

First, to IAOMT to find a mercury safe dentist. At least I could make sure I wasn't going to be mercury poisoned from the experience.

I found one dentist in the area that was listed mercury safe. I called the office and found that they had no availability all week.

Strike one.

 

Second, time to find a dentist who used ozone.

After searching both the internet and this database, I found one dentist about 1.5 hours away who looked like the best option.

However, like so many holistic dentists, I found out that he was booked solid for the next 2 weeks. Zero chance of getting in there.

Strike two.

At the encouragement of my wisest counsel, Susan, I turned to our local network. I asked a dear, wise friend in the area who his dentist was.

At least I could accomplish my third desire, a dentist with a helper's heart.

In the meantime Susan found a local Naturopath using ozone and called to ask if they could recommend a dentist.  They were very kind and suggested we call the same dentist our friend had recommended.  There's the light on the path!

It turned out that this dentist that was referred to us had an opening the very next morning!

 

Once I got to the dental office…

First off, if you're going to get any dentistry and plan to get any numbing agents, be sure to not take any vitamin C that morning. Vitamin C can make the anesthesia not as effective, requiring more drugs and longer time to numb, doubly bad.  For more on this, check out "How to nutritionally protect yourself from x-ray damage".

Also, it is possible to politely refuse the needle and ask to be given a few minutes to gather yourself. Breathing consciously can provide tremendous resiliency to allow nerve sensations to not get the best of you.

I forgot to bring the homeopathic remedy 'hypericum' which we really like to have on hand as it helps to knock down any dental nerve hypersensitivity. Here's an article if you'd like a deeper dive how to use essential oils to help reduce dental pain and treatment anxiety.

I was relieved to find out that the office had literally just moved to this new location 2 days before my treatment. This meant to me that even if they did use mercury, at least the office wouldn't be loaded with mercury vapor from years of improper handling of this toxin.

The second blessing was I was their first appointment for the day and the dentist was a friendly person. He came out and greeted me, shook my hand, and asked me some general questions. Very personable and kind. Got the helper's heart!

Quick side note: On the intake paperwork, they asked the question, "How can we help you today?" with a big blank space. As you know, I'm not shy about using words, so I explained in detail what I wanted done. I didn't hold back. I even ended with the statement, "… and I want you to do the work like I was a member of your family."

 

Once in the dentist's chair…

I already had a good feeling with the dentist.

So, once in the chair while the assistant was putting on the bib, I said, "I'm a big fan of 'ideal scenes'. So I'd like to share what I'd like from this visit." I went on to again explain exactly what I wanted from the treatment.

The dentist listened patiently with a little astonishment and smile on his face. Once I was done, he said, "How did you know I used ozone?"

I explained that I didn't and I was just expressing my desire. He was thrilled and explained that he used ozone gas everyday in his patient treatment and we entered a fun, engaging dialogue on the benefits of ozone in dentistry.

He was able to pop out the inlay, clean it up, insure that no decay was under the filling, thoroughly cleanse everything with ozone gas and replace the inlay. Other than the fun, engaging conversation, the whole thing took 15 minutes maybe.

If you really want to up your ability to assess a prospective dental team, feel free to download our FREE resource guide, the OraWellness Guide to Safe Dentistry, where we discuss:

  • protocols for safe mercury amalgam filling removal
  • questions about root canals and crowns
  • a whole section on children's dentistry

Download the OraWellness Guide to Safe Dentistry for free here.

 

An important takeaway…

I think it's important to point out to you that I didn't tell the dentist what I did. I wanted to check out the dentist for our friend so didn't want to be treated like a VIP.

That means that you can receive the same quality treatment provided you honestly express your needs and desires.

As I was walking out, the dentist asked what I did. I shared that I was part of an online health and wellness community helping the world navigate to greater oral health.

He asked, "OraWellness?"

It turns out that an alternative practitioner who carries our products had shared our products with him. When I answered 'yes', he shared, "I really like your Healthy Mouth Blend. I use it every morning."

That's when I knew for sure that I was in the right place!  We are truly blessed!

We continued our lively conversation sharing research that each of us are currently engaged in. It's such a precious opportunity to connect with others in the industry who really grasp the impact that our mouth has on the health of our body and whole being.

 

Takeaway gems…

After all is said and done, here are the lessons we learned from this experience.

  • Floss consciously, especially while away from home!
  • Carry a bottle of our Healthy Mouth Blend so you can manage any mouth stress during travel.
  • Ask anyone you trust in the local area for a referral.
  • Be willing to ping related resources like naturopathic doctors in the area to get a lead.
  • Be ultra clear and write out what you want done (and don't want done) at that treatment.
  • Express your desires very clearly, politely yet resolutely in order to express the fact that you are the boss of your life.

If you ever have to have emergency dental work done while traveling, we hope this article helps you find the same happy ending to your experience as we had during ours.

Do you have a dental experience you'd like to share?  What insights/lessons have you learned along your path?  Please share in the comments below so we can all continue to learn from one another.

 

Helpful, Related Resources:

Why conscious sedation may NOT be in your best interest [article]
Helpful resources to help you find a qualified dentist to to assist you [article]
How to nutritionally protect yourself from x-ray damage [article]
How to use essential oils to reduce dental appointment anxiety and pain [article]
OraWellness Guide to Safe Dentistry [FREE resource guidebook]

 

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Intelligibility of degraded speech and the relationship between symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity and language impairment in children with suspected auditory processing disorder

To compare the sensitivity and specificity of Auditory Figure Ground subtests of the SCAN-3 battery, using signal to noise ratio (SNR) of +8 dB (AFG+8) and 0dB (AFG0), in identifying auditory processing disorder (APD). A secondary objective was to evaluate any difference in auditory processing (AP) between children with symptoms of inattention versus combined sub-types of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).

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Intelligibility of degraded speech and the relationship between symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity and language impairment in children with suspected auditory processing disorder

To compare the sensitivity and specificity of Auditory Figure Ground subtests of the SCAN-3 battery, using signal to noise ratio (SNR) of +8 dB (AFG+8) and 0dB (AFG0), in identifying auditory processing disorder (APD). A secondary objective was to evaluate any difference in auditory processing (AP) between children with symptoms of inattention versus combined sub-types of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).

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Association of clinical severity of cystic fibrosis with variants in the SLC gene family (SLC6A14, SLC26A9, SLC11A1 and SLC9A3)

Publication date: 20 September 2017
Source:Gene, Volume 629
Author(s): Stéphanie Villa-Nova Pereira, José Dirceu Ribeiro, Carmen Sílvia Bertuzzo, Fernando Augusto Lima Marson
IntroductionCystic fibrosis (CF) manifests with clinical and histopathological variability depending on environmental and genetic factors. Moreover, the genes encoding ion channels[rs3788766(SLC6A14), rs7512462(SLC26A9), rs17235416(SLC11A1) and rs17563161(SLC9A3)] have been insufficiently studied as modifier genes. Then, our objective was associate the variants in the genes of SLC family with 43 CF severity markers.MethodsThe variants were identified by real-time-PCR in 188 CF patients considering the CFTR genotype. Statistical analyses were performed by parametric and nonparametric tests. The correction by multiple testing was performed by the False Rate Discovery test, alpha=0.05.ResultsDepending on the CFTR mutations, we found association of: (i) rs3788766*CC with mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa (OR=0.171; 95%CI=0.029–0.696), non-mucoid P. aeruginosa (OR=0.283; 95%CI=0.094–0.853) and Staphyloccocus aureus (OR=4.443; 95%CI=1.019–40.64), largest FEFmax(p=0.041) and best response to bronchodilator for FEF50%(p=0.033) and FEV1/FVC(p=0.044); (ii) rs3788766*CT with early start of pulmonary symptom (OR=3.524; 95%CI=1.229–10.1) and osteoporosis (OR=0.203; 95%CI=0.022–0.883); (iii) rs3788766*TT with lowest body mass index (OR=4.242; 95%CI=1.505–11.95), presence of mucoid P. aeruginosa (OR=3.176; 95%CI=1.29–7.819) and S. aureus (OR=0.116; 95%CI=0.004–0.881), highest Bhalla score (p=0.047) and lowest FEFmax(p=0.028) and FEF25%(p=0.031) values; (iv) rs7512462*CC with highest Shwachman-Kulczycki score (p=0.019), FVC(p=0.043), FEV1(p=0.047), FEV1/FVC(p=0.022), FEF50%(p=0.038) and FEF25–75%(p=0.016); (v) rs7512462*CT with lowest values of FVC(p=0.034), FEV1(p=0.047), FEV1/FVC(p=0.022), FEF25%(p=0.012), FEF50%(p=0.038), FEF75%(p=0.008), FEF25–75%(p=0.016) and ERV(p=0.023); (vi) rs7512462*TT with best response to the inhaled bronchodilator for FEV1(p=0.011), FEF50%(p=0.019), FEF75%(p=0.036) and FEF25–75%(p=0.008); (vii) rs17234516*Normal allele with lowest value of SaO2 (p=0.010) and S. aureus (OR=3.333; 95%CI=1.085–10.24); (viii) rs17563161*GG with lowest age for onset of digestive symptoms (OR=2.564; 95%CI=1.234–5.33).ConclusionsThe clinical and laboratory variability of CF were associated with the variants in the genes of SLC family in our sample.

Graphical abstract

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Transport and transformation of mercury during wet flue gas cleaning process of nonferrous metal smelting

Abstract

Reducing mercury emission is hot topic for international society. The first step for controlling mercury in fuel gas is to investigate mercury distribution and during the flue gas treatment process. The mercury transport and transformation in wet flue gas cleaning process of nonferrous smelting industry was studied in the paper with critical important parameters, such as the solution temperature, Hg0 concentration, SO2 concentration, and Hg2+ concentration at the laboratory scale. The mass ratio of the mercury distribution in the solution, flue gas, sludge, and acid fog from the simulated flue gas containing Hg2+ and Hg0 was 49.12~65.54, 18.34~35.42, 11.89~14.47, and 1.74~3.54%, respectively. The primary mercury species in the flue gas and acid fog were gaseous Hg0 and dissolved Hg2+. The mercury species in the cleaning solution were dissolved Hg2+ and colloidal mercury, which accounted for 56.56 and 7.34% of the total mercury, respectively. Various mercury compounds, including Hg2Cl2, HgS, HgCl2, HgSO4, and HgO, existed in the sludge. These results for mercury distribution and speciation are highly useful in understanding mercury transport and transformation during the wet flue gas cleaning process. This research is conducive for controlling mercury emissions from nonferrous smelting flue gas and by-products.



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Polymorphisms in XRCC1, ERCC2, and ERCC3 DNA repair genes, CYP1A1 xenobiotic metabolism gene, and tobacco are associated with bladder cancer susceptibility in Tunisian population

Abstract

Other than the established environmental risk factors associated with bladder cancer (BC), little is known about the genetic variations determining the individual susceptibility of this complex disease. This study aimed to investigate the relationship of BC with environmental agents and polymorphisms in XRCC1, ERCC2, and ERCC3 DNA repair genes and CYP1A1, CYP2D6, NAT1, and NAT2 xenobiotic metabolism genes through a hospital-based case-control study in Tunisia. The selection of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs25487, rs 13181, rs415407, rs446421, rs1058172, rs4921880, and rs1208) was performed using the dbSNP database. DNA genotyping was determined by PCR-RFLP after DNA extraction from whole blood. The risks of BC associated with every polymorphism as well as the studied environmental factors were estimated by multivariate-adjusted logistic regression using R software. In addition, gene–gene interactions were analyzed using generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) methods. Results showed that tobacco smoking and chewing parameters were significantly associated with BC risk. Single-gene variant analysis showed significant associations of the TT genotype of CYP1A1 and the rare GG genotype of ERCC2 with bladder cancer susceptibility (OR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.22–1.40, P < 0.0001). According to GMDR analysis, our findings indicated a significant association between BC and gene–gene interaction among the CYP1A1, ERCC3, and XRCC1. The present results suggest a potential role of XRCC1, ERCC2, ERCC3, and CYP1A1 besides tobacco intake in susceptibility to BC.



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Microbial volatile compounds alter the soil microbial community

Abstract

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from soil bacteria are likely to have an important role in the interactions among soil microorganisms. However, their effects on the soil microbial community have not been extensively studied. In this study, the effect of bacterial VOCs generated by growing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens NJN-6 on modified MS medium on soil microbial community was evaluated. B. amyloliquefaciens NJN-6 was able to produce 48 volatile compounds as determined by solid-phase microextraction-GC/MS. MiSeq sequencing data showed that bacterial VOCs could alter the composition of both soil bacterial and soil fungal communities and could decrease the alpha-diversity of the soil microbial community. Taxonomic analysis revealed that bacterial VOCs significantly increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes. Moreover, bacterial VOCs significantly increased the relative abundance of Ascomycota. The qPCR data showed that bacterial VOCs of strain NJN-6 decreased the soil fungal biomass and increased the soil bacterial biomass. Further evaluation of the effect of bacterial VOCs on functional genes revealed that VOCs could reduce the copies of nifH, nirS, and a gene encoding nonribosomal peptide synthase, while increasing the copy number of the ammonium-oxidizing bacteria gene. The effect on gene encoding polyketide synthase was insignificant. Results from this study indicated that bacterial VOCs could influence the soil microbial community as well as functional gene abundance.



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Involvement of sperm acetylated histones and the nuclear isoform of Glutathione Peroxidase 4 in fertilization

Abstract

We previously demonstrated that the nuclear form of Glutathione Peroxidase 4 (nGPx4) has a peculiar distribution in sperm head, being localized to nuclear matrix and acrosome and that sperm lacking nGPx4 are more prone to decondensation in vitro. In this study we have hypothesized that sperm retained acetylated histones and nGPx4 are implicated in paternal chromatin decondensation and male pronucleus formation at fertilization. Indeed, significant higher amounts of acetylated histone H4 and acetylated histone H3 were observed by both immunofluorescence and western blotting in nGPx4-KO sperm vs WT ones. In vitro fertilization of zona pellucida-deprived oocytes by WT sperm in the presence of trichostatin (TSA) also demonstrated that paternal histone acetylation was inversely related to the timing of sperm nucleus decondensation at fertilization. In contrast, TSA had no effect on nGPx4-KO sperm, indicating they had a maximal level of histone acetylation. Moreover the paternally imprinted gene Igf2/H19 was hypomethylated in KO sperm compared to WT ones. The lack of nGPx4 negatively affected male fertility, causing a marked decrease in total pups and pregnancies with delivery, a significant reduction in pronuclei (PN) embryos in in vitro fertilization assays and an approximately 2 h delay in egg fertilization in vivo. Because the zona pellucida binding and fusion to oolemma of nGPx4-KO and WT sperm were similar, the subfertility of nGPx4 sperm reflected a decreased sperm progression through egg cumulus/zona pellucida, pinpointing a defective acrosome in line with acrosomal nGPx4 localization. We conclude that paternal acetylated histones and acrosomal nGPx4 are directly involved in fertilization. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved



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Pmepa1 induced by RANKL-p38 MAPK pathway has a novel role in osteoclastogenesis

Abstract

Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells formed by fusion of preosteoclasts (POCs) derived from cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage. We have reported a culture system that supports the formation of POCs from stroma-depleted rat bone marrow cells. Global gene expression analysis of this culture system identified genes highly expressed in POCs. Here, we have analyzed the expression and function of one of these highly expressed genes, prostate transmembrane protein androgen induced 1 (Pmepa1), a target of TGF-β and binds Nedd4 ubiquitin ligase, which plays a role in intracellular trafficking. We show here that the expression of Pmepa1 was strongly induced by RANKL in mouse bone marrow macrophage and in the osteoclast precursor cell line RAW-D. The expression of Pmepa1 was increased at 24 h of culture, but was decreased at 72 h. Pmepa1 protein was localized to intracellular vesicle membrnane of mononuclear cells, some of which were cathepsin-K positive. RANKL-induced expression of Pmepa1 was significantly reduced by inhibitors of p38 MAPK signaling. Pmepa1 siRNA suppressed the formation of osteoclasts in RAW-D cells, and inhibited the expression of cathepsin K and c-fos but not RANK. In addition, inhibition of Pmepa1 expression reduced the surface expression of RANK in RAW-D cells induced by RANKL. These results demonstrate that Pmepa1 is induced by RANK-p38 MAPK pathway signaling, and upregulates cell surface expression of RANK, suggesting that Pmepa1 plays a role in osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast signaling. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved



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Opportunities and challenges in the immunological therapy of pediatric malignancy: a concise snapshot

Abstract

Over the last 50 years, collaborative clinical trials have reduced the number of children dying from pediatric cancer significantly. Unfortunately, certain tumor types have remained resistant to conventional surgical, radiotherapy and chemotherapy combinations, and relapsing and/or refractory disease remains associated with dismal outcomes. Recently, renewed attention has been given to the role for immunotherapies in pediatric oncology. In fact, these combine several attractive features, including (but possibly not limited to) the specificity for cancer cells, potentially in vivo persistence and longevity, and potency against refractory disease. In this narrative review designed for the academic pediatrician, we will concisely review the biological underpinnings behind the immunological therapy of pediatric neoplasms and illustrate the current humoral, cellular approaches, and novel drugs targeting the immune checkpoint, oncolytic viruses, and tumor vaccines. We will also comment on the future directions, challenges, and open questions faced by the field.

What is Known:
• Cancer immunotherapy drives immune cells and its humoral weaponry to eliminate tumor cells.
• This occurs by recognizing antigens ideally expressed only on tumoral, but not normal/healthy, cells.
What is New:
• Clinical immunotherapy trials have shown responses in children with relapsing/refractory neoplasms.
• Novel humoral/cellular immunotherapies, immune checkpoint inhibitors, oncolytic viruses, and tumor vaccines are currently being investigated in pediatric oncology.


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Costs of vitamin D testing and prescribing among children in primary care

Abstract

Vitamin D has attracted considerable interest in recent years, with a marked increase in diagnosis of vitamin D deficiency seen among children in clinical practice in the UK. The economic implications of this change in diagnostic behaviour have not been explored. We performed a cohort study to examine longitudinal trends in healthcare expenditure arising from vitamin D testing and prescribing for children in primary care in England, using the electronic healthcare records of 722,525 children aged 0–17 years held in The Health Improvement Network database. Combined costs of vitamin D tests and prescriptions increased from £1647 per 100,000 person-years in 2008 (95% CI, £934 to £3007) to £28,913 per 100,000 person-years in 2014 (95% CI, £26,361 to £31,739). The total cost of vitamin D prescriptions and tests for children in primary care at the national level in England in 2014 was estimated to be £4.31 million (95% CI, £2.96–£6.48 million).

Conclusion: There has been a marked increase in healthcare expenditure on vitamin D tests and prescriptions for children in primary care over the past decade. Future research should explore the drivers for this change in diagnostic behaviour and the reasons prompting investigation of vitamin D status in clinical practice.

What is Known:
Vitamin D deficiency has attracted considerable interest in recent years, with a marked increase in diagnosis seen in children.
The economic implications of this change in diagnostic behaviour have not been explored.
What is New:
There has been a large increase in healthcare expenditure on vitamin D tests and prescriptions for children in primary care in England over the past decade (> 15 fold between 2008 and 2013).
Screening of vitamin D status in children without specific risk factors or clinical features of deficiency may represent avoidable healthcare expenditure.


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Editorial Board

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Publication date: August 2017
Source:The Journal of Emergency Medicine, Volume 53, Issue 2





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Changes in US Lifetime Heroin Use and Heroin Use Disorder Prevalence From the 2001-2002 to 2012-2013 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions

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Publication date: August 2017
Source:The Journal of Emergency Medicine, Volume 53, Issue 2
Author(s): Mario Andres Camacho




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Factors Associated with Nontransfer in Trauma Patients Meeting American College of Surgeons' Criteria for Transfer at Nontertiary Centers

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Publication date: August 2017
Source:The Journal of Emergency Medicine, Volume 53, Issue 2
Author(s): Ryan Murphy




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All-Terrain Vehicle Injury in Children and Youth: Examining Current Knowledge and Future Needs

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Publication date: August 2017
Source:The Journal of Emergency Medicine, Volume 53, Issue 2
Author(s): Andrea N. Doud, Regina Moro, Stephen Gray Wallace, Michael D. Smith, Marcia McCall, Laura J. Veach, Thomas Pranikoff
BackgroundAll-terrain vehicle (ATV)-related injuries remain a large public health problem in the United States and disproportionately affect American youth. Although children account for only 14–18% of ATV riders, they comprise 37–57% of those injured in ATV-related accidents. Since the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission began collecting data in 1982, 23% of ATV-related deaths have occurred in children.ObjectiveWith this review, we outline the major risk factors for injuries among young ATV riders in the United States and suggest research-based interventions to successfully modify such risk factors.DiscussionWe reviewed data from 16 published reviews regarding epidemiology and risk factors among ATV-related injuries in American children. All data pointed to young driver age and lack of appropriate safety equipment as major risk factors for such injuries. Although these risk factors are modifiable, legislation and programs designed to mitigate such risks have been unsuccessful. Among adults, the brief intervention model has become widely used among trauma patients exhibiting risky behaviors. Additionally, peer-to-peer interventions have demonstrated success with respect to drug and alcohol use in school-aged children. Both the brief and peer-to-peer interventions are promising avenues for decreasing risky ATV-related behavior in youths but have not been studied in this field.ConclusionsATV-related injuries disproportionately affect American youths. Although risk factors for such injuries are modifiable, current methods for intervention (mainly legislation) have not been successfully implemented. The brief intervention and peer-to-peer interventions have shown promise in other fields and should be studied with respect to pediatric ATV use.



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Novel oral anticoagulants and trauma: The results of a prospective American Association for the Surgery of Trauma Multi-Institutional Trial

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Publication date: August 2017
Source:The Journal of Emergency Medicine, Volume 53, Issue 2
Author(s): Mario Andres Camacho




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Air and its Sonographic Appearance: Understanding the Artifacts

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Publication date: August 2017
Source:The Journal of Emergency Medicine, Volume 53, Issue 2
Author(s): Simran Buttar, Denrick Cooper, Patrick Olivieri, Michael Barca, Aaran B. Drake, Melvin Ku, Gabriel Rose, Sebastian D. Siadecki, Turandot Saul
BackgroundAlthough air has traditionally been considered a barrier to sonographic imaging, when encountered in unusual settings it can serve as an important indicator of various pathologic states as well. Clinician recognition and thorough understanding of the characteristic pattern of artifacts generated by air are critical for making a number of important diagnoses.Case SeriesWe present five emergency department cases in which air was visualized in a pathologic location. Pneumothorax, pneumoperitoneum, necrotizing fasciitis, or Fournier's gangrene, and subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum, can be rapidly and easily identified on ultrasound by the presence of air artifacts. The relevant sonographic findings are described and discussed in this article.Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This?Due to its inherent impedance mismatch with other human tissues, air has a characteristic appearance on ultrasound that includes irregular hyperechoic structures, "dirty shadowing," A-lines, and decreased visualization of deeper structures. Knowledge of the sonographic appearance of air artifacts can assist the physician in making a diagnosis, selecting appropriate additional imaging, and enlisting specialist consultation.



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Association Between Concurrent Use of Prescription Opioids and Benzodiazepines and Overdose: Retrospective Analysis

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Publication date: August 2017
Source:The Journal of Emergency Medicine, Volume 53, Issue 2
Author(s): John Michael Rague




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Short Term Use of Oral Corticosteroids and Related Harms Among Adults in the United States: Population Based Cohort Study

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Publication date: August 2017
Source:The Journal of Emergency Medicine, Volume 53, Issue 2
Author(s): John Michael Rague




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Faster Clean Catch Urine Collection (Quick-Wee method) from Infants: Randomised Controlled Trial

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Publication date: August 2017
Source:The Journal of Emergency Medicine, Volume 53, Issue 2
Author(s): Ryan Murphy




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Value of MDCT and Clinical and Laboratory Data for Predicting the Need for Surgical Intervention in Suspected Small-Bowel Obstruction

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Publication date: August 2017
Source:The Journal of Emergency Medicine, Volume 53, Issue 2
Author(s): Ryan Murphy




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Duration of tracheostomy dependence and development of tracheocutaneous fistula in children

Objective

To determine whether the risk of developing a tracheocutaneous fistula (TCF) increases with longer tracheostomy dependence times in children.

Study Design

Retrospective review of medical records.

Method

A retrospective chart review was conducted for all children who both underwent tracheotomy and were decannulated between 2002 and 2011 at a tertiary children's hospital. Charts were analyzed for duration of tracheostomy and evidence of TCF up to 12 months. Data for these criteria was available on 164 out of 182 patients.

Results

A significant difference in the duration of tracheostomy dependence between children with and without resultant TCF was determined by the Wilcoxon signed rank test (P = 0.0003). The relative risk (RR) of a persistent TCF was significantly increased when the duration of tracheostomy dependence was greater than 24 months (RR = 2.5217, P < 0.005) when compared to those decannulated before 12 months. The mean tracheostomy dependence times for children with and without TCF were 33.1 and 23.4 months, respectively. Overall, 94 children (57.3%) developed a TCF.

Conclusion

To our knowledge, this study represents the largest collection of data for children who have been decannulated following tracheostomy placement. These data demonstrate that the risk of developing a TCF increases with longer tracheostomy dependence times in children.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 2017



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Measurements of ionic concentrations along with endocochlear potential in wild-type and claudin 14 knockout mice

To examine whether the changes in endolymphatic ion concentrations were involved in hair cells degeneration in claudin-14 knockout (KO) mice (Cldn14−/−), we measured the endocochlear potential (EP) along with concentrations of K+, Na+, H+, or Ca2+ ([K]e, [Na]e, pHe, [Ca]e) in Cldn14−/−, in which hair cells were selectively damaged, and compared with measurements in wild type mice (Wt).

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Palliative external beam radiotherapy for the treatment of tumor bleeding in inoperable advanced gastric cancer

To assess the outcomes and prognostic factors associated with palliative external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), administered to patients with advanced gastric cancer.

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Validation and application of a novel integrated genetic screening method to a cohort of 1,112 men with idiopathic azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia

Abstract

Microdeletions of the Y chromosome (YCMs), Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY) and CFTR mutations are known genetic causes of severe male infertility, but the majority of cases remain idiopathic. Here we describe a novel method using single molecule Molecular Inversion Probes (smMIPs), to screen infertile men for mutations and copy number variations (CNVs) affecting known disease genes. We designed a set of 4,525 smMIPs targeting the coding regions of causal (n = 6) and candidate (n = 101) male infertility genes. After extensive validation, we screened 1,112 idiopathic infertile men with non-obstructive azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia. In addition to five chromosome YCMs and six other sex chromosomal anomalies, we identified 5 patients with rare recessive mutations in CFTR as well as a patient with a rare heterozygous frameshift mutation in SYCP3 that may be of clinical relevance. This results in a genetic diagnosis in 11–17 patients (1-1.5%), a yield that may increase significantly when more genes are confidently linked to male infertility. In conclusion, we developed a flexible and scalable method to reliably detect genetic causes of male infertility. The assay consolidates the detection of different types of genetic variation while increasing the diagnostic yield and detection precision at the same or lower price compared to currently used methods.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved



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Αναζήτηση αυτού του ιστολογίου

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