Effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles on bacterial growth and behaviors: induction of biofilm formation and stress response

Abstract

In this paper, the effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO₂ NPs) on the group bacterial behaviors were elaborated. After 36-h cultivation, the biofilm biomass was enhanced by the sub-lethal concentrations of 0.5 and 2 mg/L CeO₂ NP exposure. Meanwhile, the promoted production of total amino acids in microbes further resulted in the increased surface hydrophobicity and percentage aggregation. To resist the CeO₂ NPs stress, the biofilm exhibited a double-layer microstructure, with the protein (PRO) and living cells occupying the bottom, the polysaccharide (PS), and dead cells dominating the top. The bacterial diversity was highly suppressed and Citrobacter and Pseudomonas from the phylum of γ-Proteobacteria strongly dominated the biofilm, indicating the selective and enriched effects of CeO₂ NPs on resistant bacteria. The stimulated inherent resistance of biofilm was reflected by the reduced adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content after 4 h exposure. The increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the treatments of 8 h CeO₂ NP exposure led to the upregulated quorum sensing signals of acylated homoserine lactone (AHL) and autoinducer 2 (AI-2), beneficial to mitigating the environmental disturbance of CeO₂ NPs. These results provide evidences for the accelerating effects of CeO₂ NPs on biofilm formation through oxidative stress, which expand the understanding of the ecological effects of CeO₂ NPs.

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A Fully Three-Dimensional Printed Inchworm-Inspired Soft Robot with Magnetic Actuation

Soft Robotics, Ahead of Print.


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To assess the prevalence of dental caries and to evaluate oral health-related quality of life in cleft lip and palate patient

Amit Manohar Reche, Shrutika Dhanrajji Chordiya, Sakshi Pradeep Joshi, Nikita Suresh Bhumbre, Shivani Kishore Jadhav, Nikita Pramod Dhange

Journal of Cleft Lip Palate and Craniofacial Anomalies 2019 6(1):38-42

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of dental caries and evaluate oral health-related quality of life (QoL) in patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP) in Vidarbha region. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted in the Department of Public Health Dentistry of our institute. The sample was divided into three groups. Subjects and Methods: Group A (110) patients with unilateral CLP (UCLP), Group B (110) patients with bilateral CLP (BCLP), and Group C (150) control group. From self-administered questionnaire, the patients were asked 10 questions based on eating, speaking, toothbrushing, sleeping, smiling, emotional status, carrying out work, and social contact and rated as 0, 1, 2, and 3 (no problem, mild, moderate, and severe). Statistical Analysis Used: ANOVA and Pearson's correlation tests were performed. Results: According to the results, there is no statistical difference for decayed, missing, and filled teeth score seen between UCLP and BCLP patients; however, there is significant difference (<0.001) seen between the cleft patients and control group. According to questionnaire result, the patients with bilateral cleft experienced more difficulty while eating, speaking, smiling, and maintaining social contact as compared to the control group. Conclusion: Patients suffering from CLP showed higher caries prevalence compared to the control group; on the other hand, negative impact has been seen on the QoL of CLP patients.

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Beard hemangioma associated with cleft lip and palate: An unusual case and literature review

Nicolás E Solano, Ejusmar K Rivera, Salomon Ramos, Maholy Sánchez

Journal of Cleft Lip Palate and Craniofacial Anomalies 2019 6(1):59-61

Infantile hemangiomas (IHs) are the most common benign vascular tumor of infancy. Sixty percent of lesions affect the head and neck. There are special considerations in IHs, like beard-distribution hemangiomas, in which preauricular areas, chin, anterior neck, and lower lip are involved and they have been associated with the presence of airway hemangiomas. In contrast, labial and palatal clefts are the most common congenital malformations of the craniofacial region. The etiology is multifactorial and includes both genetic and environmental factors. It is associated with more than 500 syndromes with varying levels of penetrance and expressiveness. IHs and cleft lip and palate (CLP) are relatively common conditions found in newborns. Even though they are common enough, there is no evidence reporting a patient with both entities simultaneously. The purpose of this study is to present an unusual case of beard hemangioma in a 3-month-old female baby associated with CLP.

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Reoperation of bilateral cleft lip deformity after primary Manchester or Veau III repair

Maurice Y Mommaerts, Ana Tache, Natalie A. J. Loomans

Journal of Cleft Lip Palate and Craniofacial Anomalies 2019 6(1):3-10

Residual bilateral cleft lip deformities are commonly attributed to neglect of oral sphincter reconstruction during primary repair. This report describes a straightforward technique for reoperation that is applicable for most patients. It also describes the results of a retrospective observational cohort study of 21 patients that underwent reoperation performed by the senior author (MYM) from 1991 to 2018. The patients had undergone primary lip repair at other institutions. Their mean age at reoperation was 17 years. Pre- and post-operative photographs (at 3.5 years' postoperation) were assessed for 15 parameters. Overall configuration, scar appearance, philtrum anatomy, Cupid's bow shape, and esthetic aspects of lip dynamics improved considerably. This procedure is the same as that used by the authors in 4-month-old children who have undergone a nasolabial adhesion procedure at 4 weeks of age. We discuss the rationale of using this procedure for primary lip repair, thus eliminating the need for reoperation.

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Risk indicators for syndromic and nonsyndromic orofacial clefts in Southern Province of Saudi Arabia

Bandar Alyami, Mutaz Ali-Hassan, Manasaour Al-Mahri, Fahad Alyami, Saeed Alharieth

Journal of Cleft Lip Palate and Craniofacial Anomalies 2019 6(1):51-55

Objective: This study was designed to find out risk indicators for the development of orofacial clefts (OFCs) in the Southern Province of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study carried out in a maternity hospital from January 2013 to December 2016. Data including child sex, type and site of cleft, birth weight and birth month (season), parents' age at the time of their child's birth, paternal and maternal habits, parental consanguinity, and family history of OFCs were obtained. The data were processed and analyzed using SPSS software, Version 20. Results: Overall prevalence of OFCs in the study population was 0.65/1000 live births. There were 10 males, 5 females, and 1 ambiguous sexual orientation. Of the 16 OFC patients, 9 (56.25%) were classified as having syndromic OFCs (SOFCs) and 7 (43.75%) as having non-SOFCs (NSOFCs). Cleft lip and cleft lip/palate both had strong family history of OFCs. Similarly, the phenotype of OFCs and the presence of syndromic or NSOFCs did not show a relationship with paternal smoking habits during pregnancy. No relationship was reported between parental consanguinity with the presence of these factors. However, results showed that 13 (81.3%) out of 16 identified cases of OFC had background consanguinity. Conclusion: Prevalence of OFC in the current study was within reported range, consanguinity was observed in 81.3% of identified cases. Further research is paramount in the role of consanguinity in OFC in Arabian population.

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Correlating causative factors in cleft lip and palate patients: An epidemiological study

Bhagyashree B Desai, Dolly P Patel, Surina V Sinha, Mahesh Jain, Roopal N Patel, Sheron T Bhanat

Journal of Cleft Lip Palate and Craniofacial Anomalies 2019 6(1):11-16

Aims: The primary aim of this study was to correlate the incidence of cleft lip and palate (CLP) with possible etiological factors such as consanguinity, history of abortions or miscarriages, type of delivery, oral destructive habits, and family history. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was completed using a standardized questionnaire which was prepared to investigate the information of 166 patients referred to/undergoing orthodontic rehabilitation treatment of CLP at the hospital. The variables assessed were consanguinity, affected members in family and relatives, gestational history, past abortions and/or miscarriages, medications taken by mother during pregnancy, and parental habits of tobacco chewing and/or smoking. Statistical Analysis Used: Correlation of the above-mentioned variables as well as any mutual effects of gender and cleft type was assessed statistically by Pearson's Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test. Results: The results of the present study provide demographic details of cleft patients in Gujarat, which show that cleft deformity is seen more in male patients (n = 98; 59%). Unilateral CL and palate of left side (CL + PUL) occurs most frequently (n = 62; 37.3%) both in male (n = 40; 40.8%) and female (n = 22; 32.4%) patients. Occurrence of CL + PUL is followed by bilateral CL and palate (CL + PB) (n = 45; 27.1%) and unilateral CL and palate of right side (n = 27; 16.3%). The oral destructive habits of parents (n = 82; 49.4%), past abortions and miscarriage (n = 47; 28.3%), family history (n = 26; 15.7%), and consanguinity (n = 24; 14.5%) could be correlated with the occurrence of CLP. Conclusion: This can serve as a guide for future reference to health workers so that they can take measures to create awareness among the people to avoid consanguineous marriages, use of tobacco, abortions, and create awareness about a family history. The outcome could also help government/public health sector workers to develop strategies for awareness, identification, and treatment of cleft deformities.

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Evolution of cleft orthodontics in India

Ashok Utreja

Journal of Cleft Lip Palate and Craniofacial Anomalies 2019 6(1):1-2



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Use of hyrax distractor in maxillary hypoplasia associated with cleft lip and palate patients

Neeraj Upadhyay, Arun Kumar Singh, Veerendra Prashad, Divya Narayan Upadhyaya

Journal of Cleft Lip Palate and Craniofacial Anomalies 2019 6(1):17-22

Context: Use of hyrax expander for palatal arch lengthening (anteroposterior) is not new, but large series with long-term follow-up is lacking. Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion for hypoplastic maxilla, its efficacy, patient's satisfaction, and relapse rates. Settings and Design: A prospective study was done in PGD of Plastic Surgery, KGMU, Lucknow, between October 2014 and December 2015. Subjects and Methods: Fifteen patients with maxillary hypoplasia associated with cleft lip and palate underwent anterior segmental maxillary osteotomy. Distraction of anterior segment was done with a tooth-anchored hyrax expansion screw oriented in anteroposterior direction. Distraction was started on the 7th day. After desired advancement, the device was left intact for a consolidation period of 3 months and follow-up for any complication was done at the end of 6 months. Statistical Analysis Used: IBM SPSS version 20 software was used. Data expressed as number (percentage) and mean ± standard deviation, Student's t-test and ANOVA were used to compare mean between groups. Results: Bony landmarks sella–nasion–A point angle, maxillary length (ANS-PNS), mean space created on one side (mesial border of first molar to distal border of first premolar), and point A-N perpendicular improved significantly (P < 0.001). There was no significant change in vertical height of maxilla. Soft-tissue profile of patient (Sn–G perpendicular) also improved significantly (P < 0.001). No relapse was observed in patient during the 6 months of follow-up. Conclusion: Results of hyrax distractor in maxillary hypoplasia associated with cleft lip and palate patients were highly promising in patients with occlusal discrepancy <8 mm.

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Orofacial cleft patient referral to a university orthodontic clinic over a 20-year period in Ghana

Merley Afua Newman-Nartey, Gwendolyn N Amarquaye, Kwabena Gyaami Amoah, Alexander Oti Acheampong, Nii Otu Nartey

Journal of Cleft Lip Palate and Craniofacial Anomalies 2019 6(1):43-50

Context: After the first orofacial cleft (OFC) patient was referred to the orthodontic clinic of the University of Ghana School of Medicine and dentistry in 1998, a multidisciplinary clinic at the Korle-Bu teaching hospital (KBTH) was inaugurated and partnered by non-governmental organization, Transforming Faces from 2003 to 2014 and Smile Train from 2014 to date. Aims: The aim of this study was to review and document presentations, management, and associated care influences of OFC patients referred for orthodontic care to influence quality improvement policy. Settings: This study was conducted at the Orthodontic Clinic of the University of Ghana School of Medicine and Dentistry. Design: This was a retrospective design, in which data from patient records were obtained and analyzed. Subjects and Methods: Review of records of all OFC patients who assessed the orthodontic clinic from 1998 to 2018. Statistical Analysis Used: The statistical analysis was done using Microsoft Excel. Results: Thirty-four patients were referred to the orthodontic clinic from 1998 to 2018. The majority (67.65%) was referred from the KBTH multidisciplinary clinic and smaller number (32.35%) from other hospitals and clinics. Their ages ranged from 2 weeks old to 20 years old. The majority of the referred patients were in the 5–9-year-old age group (35.29%). Of the 26 patients who underwent treatment, the majority 38.46% were treated using the less expensive fixed upper-only appliance option and obturators were not routinely used (15.38%). The majority of patients were self-funded (47.8%) and (34.8%) were pro bono cases of which over 50% of discontinued treatment. Conclusions: The multidisciplinary OFC clinic was beneficial as the major source of orthodontic referrals. More stringent criteria for the selection of pro bono cases could decrease loss from care and inclusion of complete OFC care in the National Health Insurance Scheme may remove financial barriers.

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Endoscopic-assisted craniosynostosis surgery: First case series in India

Derick A Mendonca, Venkat Ramamurthy, Swaroop Gopal, Rajendra S Gujjalanavar

Journal of Cleft Lip Palate and Craniofacial Anomalies 2019 6(1):23-32

Introduction: Craniosynostosis is a congenital pathological condition resulting from premature fusion of sutures of the cranial vault and leads to an abnormal head shape with a significant risk of raised intracranial pressure. Surgical correction techniques have seen a constant evolution from an extensive open procedure to the relatively new minimally invasive craniosynostosis technique. The current center introduced this new procedure in India since 2015. Aims and Objectives: This article documents our experience as the first team in the country to correct craniosynostosis endoscopically with emphasis on planning, surgical techniques, and helmet therapy to achieve the optimum result. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective case series of six patients with anterior craniosynostosis corrected endoscopically and followed up with postoperative custom-made cranial helmet. All patients were nonsyndromic with no associated anomalies. The mean age of surgical intervention was 92.6 days (84–100 days), mean duration of surgery was 61.7 min (54–74 min), mean blood loss was 55 ml (50 ml–60 ml), and mean duration of hospital stay was 2 days (2–3 days). No complications and mortality were reported. Conclusion: This case series has demonstrated that endoscopically assisted craniosynostosis correction is a safe, effective, and reliable technique in the armamentarium of a craniofacial surgeon. The minimally invasive nature allows early intervention in children. Parental compliance is important in helmet therapy which forms an integral part of this surgery for correction of the abnormal head shape. We believe that every patient with nonsyndromic single-suture craniosynostosis should be offered endoscopic correction before the age of 6 months.

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Median cleft lip – A case report of rare congenital anomaly

Abhay N Datarkar, Jagadish U Patil

Journal of Cleft Lip Palate and Craniofacial Anomalies 2019 6(1):56-58

Median cleft lip is a midline vertical cleft through the upper lip in the absence of a prolabial remnant. This is a rare anomaly with very few cases described in the literature. This may occur as a sporadic event or as a part of an inherited sequence of anomalies. It arises embryologically from incomplete fusion of the medial nasal prominences. The author presents a rare case of median cleft lip, broad nose, and wide ala with hypertelorism. The embryology, presentation, and surgical technique for treating these cases are discussed.

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Association of cleft lip and/or palate in people born to consanguineous parents: A 13-year retrospective study from a very high-volume cleft center

Praveen Kumar Neela, Srinivas Gosla Reddy, Akhter Husain, Vasavi Mohan

Journal of Cleft Lip Palate and Craniofacial Anomalies 2019 6(1):33-37

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the association of cleft lip (CL) and/or cleft palate (CP) in people born to consanguineous parents. Methodology: This retrospective study was conducted at GSR Institute of Craniofacial Surgery, Hyderabad, a very high-volume cleft center. Medical records of 18,242 cleft patients who came for treatment in the past 13 years were physically searched for the presence of consanguinity of their parents. About 3653 patients' case records were identified. Then, the data related to gender, type of cleft, degree of consanguinity, presence of positive family history were collected from these 3653 patients' records and entered in Microsoft Excel which was later sent for statistical analysis. Results: Distribution of study participants according to various study variables such as gender, type of cleft, and degree of consanguinity showed interesting findings. Almost 20.02% of the total 18,242 cleft patients' records showed consanguinity of their parents. Nearly 96.7% of patients had CL. CP was seen in 73.7% of patients. About 57.8% of parents had the first degree of consanguinity. Only 3.5% had a positive family history. Chi-square test showed that there was a significant difference in the distribution of patients according to degree of consanguinity and CL, variations in CL and gender, cleft alveolus and gender, degree of consanguinity and CL. Conclusion: Consanguinity is a major etiological factor in CL and/or CP.

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Putty-based surgical site protection during intraoral trimming of the hyrax distractor tooth borne appliance

Tulika Tripathi, Navneet Singh, Priyank Rai, Prateek Gupta

Journal of Cleft Lip Palate and Craniofacial Anomalies 2019 6(1):62-64

Background: HYDIS-TB is a contemporary distraction appliance used in large alveolar cleft defects. This appliance requires intraoral trimming at the docking site during approximation of the segments which cause entrapment of acrylic particles at the surgical site thereby hampering normal healing process. Solution: We employed commonly available putty material at distraction site in a cleft patient during intraoral acrylic trimming of the appliance. This shielded the surgical site from exogenous material, which facilitated proper healing.

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Pilot Comparison of Adjustment Protocols of Personal Sound Amplification Products

Semin Hear 2019; 40: 026-036
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1676781

The Over-the-Counter Hearing Aid Act of 2017 was signed into law in August 2017 and facilitates the introduction of direct-to-consumer sales of hearing aids for adults with mild-to-moderate hearing loss. Among many questions surrounding over-the-counter sales is the ability of users to self-fit amplification. Many studies have conducted self-fitting procedures using guidance materials provided by audiologists. In this pilot, we explore the ability of users to self-adjust personal sound amplification devices using only materials provided by the manufacturer and contrast this with models that involve a hearing professional. Outcomes to assess adjustments included clinic-based speech-in-noise measures and ability to approximate NAL-NL2 prescriptive targets. We found that an audiologist-driven model provided the best outcomes. However, it is unknown if the difference is clinically meaningful.
[...]

Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

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Novel Approaches to Fostering Hearing Loss Self-Management in Adults

Semin Hear 2019; 40: 003-006
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1677049

Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

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Development and Formative Assessment of the Hearing Loss Toolkit for Self-Management

Semin Hear 2019; 40: 049-067
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1676783

Hearing aids are a demonstrated efficacious intervention for age-related hearing loss, and research suggests that good hearing loss self-management skills improve amplification satisfaction and outcomes. One way to foster self-management skills is through the provision of patient education materials. However, many of the available resources related to the management of hearing loss do not account for health literacy and are not suitable for use with adults from varying health literacy backgrounds. To address this issue, we developed the Hearing Loss Toolkit for Self-Management as part of a manualized, best practices hearing intervention used in large clinical trial. We incorporated health literacy recommendations from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality in a series of modules that address a variety of common problem areas reported by adults with hearing loss. A formative assessment consisting of feedback questionnaires, semistructured interviews, and a focus group session with representatives from the target audience was conducted. Findings from the development assessment process demonstrate that the Hearing Loss Toolkit for Self-Management is suitable for use with adults with age-related hearing loss who have varying health literacy backgrounds and abilities.
[...]

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The Chronic Care Model and Chronic Condition Self-Management: An Introduction for Audiologists

Semin Hear 2019; 40: 007-025
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1676780

Hearing health care is biomedically focused, device-centered, and clinician-led. There is emerging evidence that these characteristics—all of which are hallmarks of a health care system designed to address acute, rather than chronic, conditions—may contribute to low rates of help-seeking and hearing rehabilitation uptake among adults with hearing loss. In this review, we introduce audiologists to the Chronic Care Model, an organizational framework that describes best-practice clinical care for chronic conditions, and suggest that it may be a viable model for hearing health care to adopt. We further introduce the concept of chronic condition self-management, a key component of chronic care that refers to the knowledge and skills patients use to manage the effects of a chronic condition on all aspects of daily life. Drawing on the chronic condition evidence base, we demonstrate a link between the provision of effective self-management support and improved clinical outcomes and discuss validated methods with which clinicians can support the acquisition and application of self-management skills in their patients. We examine the extent to which elements of chronic condition self-management have been integrated into clinical practice in audiology and suggest directions for further research in this area.
[...]

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Translating Public Health Practices: Community-Based Approaches for Addressing Hearing Health Care Disparities

Semin Hear 2019; 40: 037-048
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1676782

Epidemiologic studies reveal disparities in hearing health care with lower prevalence of hearing aid use among older adults from racial/ethnic minority groups and lower socioeconomic positions. Recent national reports recommend exploring innovative delivery models to increase the accessibility and affordability of hearing health care, particularly for underserved and vulnerable populations. With an expected rise in the prevalence of age-related hearing loss over the next four decades due to a rapidly aging population, the condition is a growing public health imperative. This review describes key public health practices for developing and delivering community-based care that characterizes an emerging area of research in novel approaches of hearing loss management programs to reach underserved populations. With evolving technologies that enable care to extend beyond the clinic, adapting a long-utilized community health worker approach presents a strategy for the field of hearing health care to be actively involved in designing and leading initiatives for achieving hearing health equity. Principles from community-based participatory research offer a paradigm for the field to integrate into its research endeavors for addressing disparities. An interdisciplinary approach for engaging these challenges offers hearing health care researchers and providers an opportunity to advance the field and delivery of care.
[...]

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Evidence-Based Interventions for Adult Aural Rehabilitation: That Was Then, This Is Now

Semin Hear 2019; 40: 068-084
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1676784

More than a decade after Arthur Boothroyd published "Adult Aural Rehabilitation: What Is It and Does It Work?," the four cornerstones of adult aural rehabilitation are re-examined in terms of research that we and others in the field have undertaken. The focus is on novel advances in high-quality research relating to interventions to support self-management for hearing aids and other listening devices (sensory management), knowledge and skill (instruction), auditory and cognitive training (perceptual training), and motivational engagement (counseling). Much of this new research has a theoretical underpinning (e.g., behavior change theory) to better guide the development and evaluation of interventions, with a focus on self-management and patient-centered approaches. New and emerging technologies that support e- and m-health delivery of interventions provide greater personalization and interactivity to promote self-management of hearing loss. Looking to the future, there remains a requirement for a set of relevant and appropriate outcome measures to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions trialed in clinical studies. There is a continuing need for high-quality evidence, underpinned by contemporary theory, to increase the likelihood that translational adult aural rehabilitation research that aims to benefit patients will be applied in future clinical practice.
[...]

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Important Information Regarding Continuing Education Units for Seminars in Hearing through AAA and ASHA

Semin Hear 2019; 40: 001-002
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1679869

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[ASAP] Hollow Multi-Shelled Structures of Co3O4 Dodecahedron with Unique Crystal Orientation for Enhanced Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction

Journal of the American Chemical Society

DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13528

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Pre-diagnostic blood immune markers, incidence and progression of B-cell lymphoma and multiple myeloma: Univariate and functionally informed multivariate analyses.

Related Articles

Pre-diagnostic blood immune markers, incidence and progression of B-cell lymphoma and multiple myeloma: Univariate and functionally informed multivariate analyses.

Int J Cancer. 2018 09 15;143(6):1335-1347

Authors: Vermeulen R, Saberi Hosnijeh F, Bodinier B, Portengen L, Liquet B, Garrido-Manriquez J, Lokhorst H, Bergdahl IA, Kyrtopoulos SA, Johansson AS, Georgiadis P, Melin B, Palli D, Krogh V, Panico S, Sacerdote C, Tumino R, Vineis P, Castagné R, Chadeau-Hyam M, EnviroGenoMarkers Consortium Consortium members, Botsivali M, Chatziioannou A, Valavanis I, Kleinjans JCS, de Kok TMCM, Keun HC, Athersuch TJ, Kelly R, Lenner P, Hallmans G, Stephanou EG, Myridakis A, Kogevinas M, Fazzo L, De Santis M, Comba P, Bendinelli B, Kiviranta H, Rantakokko P, Airaksinen R, Ruokojarvi P, Gilthorpe M, Fleming S, Fleming T, Tu YK, Lundh T, Chien KL, Chen WJ, Lee WC, Kate Hsiao C, Kuo PH, Hung H, Liao SF

Abstract
Recent prospective studies have shown that dysregulation of the immune system may precede the development of B-cell lymphomas (BCL) in immunocompetent individuals. However, to date, the studies were restricted to a few immune markers, which were considered separately. Using a nested case-control study within two European prospective cohorts, we measured plasma levels of 28 immune markers in samples collected a median of 6 years before diagnosis (range 2.01-15.97) in 268 incident cases of BCL (including multiple myeloma [MM]) and matched controls. Linear mixed models and partial least square analyses were used to analyze the association between levels of immune marker and the incidence of BCL and its main histological subtypes and to investigate potential biomarkers predictive of the time to diagnosis. Linear mixed model analyses identified associations linking lower levels of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2 p = 7.2 × 10-4 ) and transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-α, p = 6.5 × 10-5 ) and BCL incidence. Analyses stratified by histological subtypes identified inverse associations for MM subtype including FGF-2 (p = 7.8 × 10-7 ), TGF-α (p = 4.08 × 10-5 ), fractalkine (p = 1.12 × 10-3 ), monocyte chemotactic protein-3 (p = 1.36 × 10-4 ), macrophage inflammatory protein 1-alpha (p = 4.6 × 10-4 ) and vascular endothelial growth factor (p = 4.23 × 10-5 ). Our results also provided marginal support for already reported associations between chemokines and diffuse large BCL (DLBCL) and cytokines and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Case-only analyses showed that Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor levels were consistently higher closer to diagnosis, which provides further evidence of its role in tumor progression. In conclusion, our study suggests a role of growth-factors in the incidence of MM and of chemokine and cytokine regulation in DLBCL and CLL.

PMID: 29667176 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Daily briefing: Gut bacteria linked to depression

Daily briefing: Gut bacteria linked to depression

Daily briefing: Gut bacteria linked to depression, Published online: 05 February 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-00494-2

Mounting evidence of a 'gut–brain axis', new satellite divides polar scientists, and biology on the blockchain.

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Publisher Correction: Dynamics of oligodendrocyte generation in multiple sclerosis

Publisher Correction: Dynamics of oligodendrocyte generation in multiple sclerosis

Publisher Correction: Dynamics of oligodendrocyte generation in multiple sclerosis, Published online: 05 February 2019; doi:10.1038/s41586-019-0935-7

Publisher Correction: Dynamics of oligodendrocyte generation in multiple sclerosis

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Aviation pioneers missed out on publicity

Aviation pioneers missed out on publicity

Aviation pioneers missed out on publicity, Published online: 05 February 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-00491-5

Aviation pioneers missed out on publicity

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Medicinal signalling cells: they work, so use them

Medicinal signalling cells: they work, so use them

Medicinal signalling cells: they work, so use them, Published online: 05 February 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-00490-6

Medicinal signalling cells: they work, so use them

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Farmers could teach scientists a trick or two for lobbying

Farmers could teach scientists a trick or two for lobbying

Farmers could teach scientists a trick or two for lobbying, Published online: 05 February 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-00487-1

Farmers could teach scientists a trick or two for lobbying

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Save Javan rhinos that survived eruption

Save Javan rhinos that survived eruption

Save Javan rhinos that survived eruption, Published online: 05 February 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-00488-0

Save Javan rhinos that survived eruption

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Death, statistics and a disaster zone: the struggle to count the dead after Hurricane Maria

Death, statistics and a disaster zone: the struggle to count the dead after Hurricane Maria

Death, statistics and a disaster zone: the struggle to count the dead after Hurricane Maria, Published online: 05 February 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-00442-0

Intense controversies surround studies of how many people perish in conflicts and disasters, but researchers are developing new ways to measure mortality rates.

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Thousands of scientists run up against Elsevier’s paywall

Thousands of scientists run up against Elsevier's paywall

Thousands of scientists run up against Elsevier's paywall, Published online: 05 February 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-00492-4

Researchers have been left without access to new papers as libraries and the major publisher fail to agree on subscription deals.

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Cheap fix saves thousands of seabirds a year

Cheap fix saves thousands of seabirds a year

Cheap fix saves thousands of seabirds a year, Published online: 05 February 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-00469-3

Streamers on Alaska's fishing fleet prove a boon to rare albatross and other bird species.

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Gut hormone adds to obesity surgery’s benefits

Gut hormone adds to obesity surgery's benefits

Gut hormone adds to obesity surgery's benefits, Published online: 05 February 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-00466-6

Weight-loss operation raises levels of a hormone involved in appetite and insulin release.

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Author Correction: c-MAF-dependent regulatory T cells mediate immunological tolerance to a gut pathobiont

Author Correction: c-MAF-dependent regulatory T cells mediate immunological tolerance to a gut pathobiont

Author Correction: c-MAF-dependent regulatory T cells mediate immunological tolerance to a gut pathobiont, Published online: 05 February 2019; doi:10.1038/s41586-019-0922-z

Author Correction: c-MAF-dependent regulatory T cells mediate immunological tolerance to a gut pathobiont

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Rags, riches and Royal Society rebellion

Rags, riches and Royal Society rebellion

Rags, riches and Royal Society rebellion, Published online: 05 February 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-00443-z

Rebekah Higgitt relishes a biography of Charles Hutton, the mathematician who calculated Earth's density and called for scientific reform.

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Responding to the call of home

Responding to the call of home

Responding to the call of home, Published online: 05 February 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-00448-8

Why some scientists choose to forgo promising careers abroad to return to their countries of birth.

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From the archive

From the archive

From the archive, Published online: 05 February 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-00446-w

How Nature reported a strange natural phenomenon in 1969, and an anti-louse campaign in 1919.

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Network to help inexperienced scientists

Network to help inexperienced scientists

Network to help inexperienced scientists, Published online: 05 February 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-00489-z

Network to help inexperienced scientists

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[ASAP] Metal–Ligand Cooperative C–H Bond Formation by Cyclopentadienone Platinum Complexes

Journal of the American Chemical Society

DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13829

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[ASAP] DNA-Inspired Strand-Exchange for Switchable PMMA-Based Supramolecular Morphologies

Journal of the American Chemical Society

DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b12964

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[ASAP] Activity-Enhanced Self-Assembly of a Colloidal Kagome Lattice

Journal of the American Chemical Society

DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b12165

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[ASAP] Cytosolic Delivery of Proteins Using Amphiphilic Polymers with 2-Pyridinecarboxaldehyde Groups for Site-Selective Attachment

Journal of the American Chemical Society

DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b10947

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[ASAP] Cu(I)-Catalyzed 6- Cyclization of Terminal Alkynes, 2-Bromoaryl Ketones, and Amides toward 1-Naphthylamines: Applications and Photophysical Properties

Journal of the American Chemical Society

DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b12495

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[ASAP] Experimental and Computational Studies of Dinitrogen Activation and Hydrogenation at a Tetranuclear Titanium Imide/Hydride Framework

Journal of the American Chemical Society

DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13341

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[ASAP] Multivalent Recognition at Fluid Surfaces: The Interplay of Receptor Clustering and Superselectivity

Journal of the American Chemical Society

DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b12553

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[ASAP] Correction to “Application of the N-Halogeno-N-sodiobenzenesulfonamide Reagents to the Selective Detection of 5-Methylcytosine in DNA Sequences”

Journal of the American Chemical Society

DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b00850

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Future Oncology; +31 new citations

31 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results:

Future Oncology

These pubmed results were generated on 2019/02/05

PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

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Correction: LGR5 regulates gastric adenocarcinoma cell proliferation and invasion via activating Wnt signaling pathway

Correction: LGR5 regulates gastric adenocarcinoma cell proliferation and invasion via activating Wnt signaling pathway

Correction: LGR5 regulates gastric adenocarcinoma cell proliferation and invasion via activating Wnt signaling pathway, Published online: 02 February 2019; doi:10.1038/s41389-019-0118-2

Correction: LGR5 regulates gastric adenocarcinoma cell proliferation and invasion via activating Wnt signaling pathway

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Cheap fix saves thousands of seabirds a year

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High-Protein Diet Ameliorates Arsenic-Induced Oxidative Stress and Antagonizes Uterine Apoptosis in Rats

Abstract

Arsenic toxicity purportedly threats a broad spectrum of female reproductive functions. We investigated the remedial role of a casein- and pea protein-enriched high-protein diet (HPD) in combating the arsenic insult. Cyclic female rats maintained on standard diet (n = 6) or an isocaloric HPD (n = 6) were gavaged with As₂O₃ at 3 mg/kg BW/rat/day (n = 12) for 28 days. Vehicle-fed rats (n = 6) maintained on the standard diet served as the control. We monitored the estrus cycles and performed the histomorphometric analyses of the uterus and ovary. Uterine luminal epithelial (ULE) ultrastructure was appraised by scanning electron microscopy. Uterine oxidative stress was evaluated in the forms of ROS generation and activities of the ROS scavengers. The uterine apoptotic manifestation was blueprinted by Western blot analysis of caspase-3 and Bax expression. Arsenic treatment arrested the follicular maturation and disrupted the estrus cycles with a typical increase in the diestrus index. Shrunken endometrial glands and thinned microvilli density of the ULE reflected loss of cell polarity and mislaid uterine homeostasis. Increased ROS generation and attenuated activities of the ROS scavengers marked a state of uterine oxidative imbalance and loss of redox regulation. Superfluous expression of procaspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, and Bax mirrored an inflated state of uterine apoptosis. HPD supplementation, by and large, counteracted these arsenic impacts and maintained the frameworks close to the control levels. In conclusion, arsenic mediates its reproductive toxicity, at least in part, by upsetting the uterine ROS homeostasis and redox regulation. Pea proteins and casein-supplemented HPD can counteract the arsenic effects and maintain the reproductive functions.

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Is the Cooking Salt Safe in China? Assessment of Chemical Contaminants in Cooking Salt

Abstract

Global environmental pollution is becoming more serious, and most dietary salts come from nature. We postulated that chemical pollutants could affect the quality of salt. Forty-five different types of salt were collected from supermarkets, convenience stores, and online retailers in Shanghai, 2015. These comprised more than 90% of all cooking salts consumed in Shanghai, China. We measured and analyzed heavy metal elements, fluoride, potassium ferrocyanide, and 16 phthalate plasticizers. Lead was detected in only two types of salt at concentrations recorded of 0.047 mg/kg and 0.077 mg/kg. The concentrations of total arsenic, total mercury, cadmium, and barium were under limit of detection (LOD) in all samples. The maximum fluoride concentration of salts was 2.50 mg/kg. The median fluoride concentration of domestic salts was significantly lower than foreign-produced salts, and it was significantly higher in sea salt than in other types of salt (P < 0.05). The maximum potassium ferrocyanide concentration in 12 types of salts was 9.20 mg/kg, which was under the Chinese national standard. Just three salt types had low levels of diethylhexyl phthalate concentrations that were above the LOD, at 0.208 mg/kg, 0.375 mg/kg, and 0.380 mg/kg, respectively. All other phthalate indicators were below the LOD in all samples. The level of chemical pollutants in salt is either very low or under LOD. We believe that dietary salt products are safe at retail, and the long-term dietary exposure of cooking salts will not pose any significant health risk.

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Parenteral Zinc Supplementation Increases Pregnancy Rates in Beef Cows

Abstract

Zinc (Zn) is required for normal reproductive performance in cattle. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of subcutaneous injection of 400 mg Zn at the beginning of fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) on preovulatory follicle and corpus luteum (CL) size, plasma estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) concentrations, and pregnancy rates in beef cows. Copper (Cu) concentration and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in plasma were also evaluated. Zinc supplementation at the beginning of the FTAI protocol (day 0) increased the area of preovulatory follicle (APF, day 9; P = 0.042) and plasma P4 concentration (day 16; P = 0.01), whereas plasma E2 concentration (day 9) and area of CL (ACL; day 16) were not modified by Zn supplementation in cows with adequate plasma Zn concentration. Zinc supplementation in Zn-deficient cows increased ACL with respect to controls (P = 0.048) but did not modify plasma E2 concentration. Pregnancy rate on day 41 after FTAI was higher in cows supplemented with Zn compared with controls (80.95% and 51.61%, respectively; P = 0.042). Plasma Zn and Cu concentrations on days 7, 9, and 16 were not affected by Zn supplementation. In conclusion, the results obtained in the present study determined that parenteral Zn supplementation at the beginning of the FTAI protocol increased preovulatory follicle size, plasma P4 concentration, and pregnancy rates in beef cows.

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Generation of pluripotent stem cell-derived mouse kidneys in Sall1-targeted anephric rats

Generation of pluripotent stem cell-derived mouse kidneys in Sall1-targeted anephric rats

Generation of pluripotent stem cell-derived mouse kidneys in <i>Sall1</i>-targeted anephric rats, Published online: 05 February 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-08394-9

The use of pluripotent-stem cell derived organs for transplantation would be promising, if organs can be grown in a suitable host. Here, the authors use interspecific blastocyst complementation to generate a mouse pluripotent stem cell-derived kidney in anephric Sall1 mutant rats.

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Thousands of scientists run up against Elsevier’s paywall

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Evaluating the Predicted Impact of Changes to the AJCC/TMN Staging System for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer (DTC): A prospective observational study of patients in South East Scotland

Abstract

Objectives To assess the impact of the eighth edition AJCC/TMN staging system on patients with new diagnoses of differentiated thyroid cancers presenting to our regional multi‐disciplinary team meetings. Design We analysed Endocrine Cancer MDT meeting records from 2009‐2015 to identify all patients in the region presenting with a new diagnosis of differentiated thyroid cancer. We re‐staged patients according to the eighth edition AJCC/TNM staging classification and analysed the survival outcomes of patients in each stage under the seventh and eighth systems. Setting Tertiary referral centre in South East Scotland (NHS Lothian). Participants Three hundred and sixty one patients were newly diagnosed with DTC within South East Scotland during the study period and met our inclusion criteria. Main outcome measures Mortality at any time during follow‐up Results In total 119/361 (33%) patients were re‐staged when the eighth edition AJCC/TMN system was applied. The number of patients classified as having advanced stage (III/IV) disease fell from 76 (21%) to 8 (2%). The most common reason for down‐staging was re‐classification of tumour size, a factor in 96 (80.7%) down‐staged patients. The five‐year disease specific survival of the cohort overall was 98%. Overall 7 (1.9%) thyroid cancer –related deaths occurred during follow‐up, three of whom were down‐staged. Conclusions On implementation of the eighth edition of the AJCC/TMN staging system, we expect many patients who would previously have been considered to have advanced thyroid cancer will now be classified as early stage. This will accurately reflect their excellent survival outcomes.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Cost‐effectiveness of trans‐nasal endoscopic sphenopalatine artery ligation vs. arterial embolisation for intractable epistaxis: long‐term analyses

Summary

Objectives

Trans‐nasal endoscopic sphenopalatine artery ligation (TESPAL) and endovascular arterial embolisation both provide excellent success rates for intractable epistaxis. Recent economic models suggest that TESPAL could be a cost‐saving strategy. Our main aim was to perform cost‐effectiveness analyses on TESPAL compared to embolisation to treat patients with epistaxis.

Design

We performed a retrospective, monocentric, comparative analyses on patients referred to our center and treated with embolisation or TESPAL.

Setting

This economic evaluation was carried out from a payer's perspective (i.e., French National Health Insurance) within a time horizon of 12 months.

Participants

Thirty‐seven TESPAL procedures and thirty‐nine embolisation procedures to treat intractable epistaxis were used in the analyses.

Main outcome measures

The primary outcome is presented as the cost per 1% of non‐recurrence. Effectiveness was defined as avoiding recurrence of epistaxis during the 1‐year follow‐up. Cost estimates were performed from the payer's perspective.

Results

Hospitalisation costs were higher for embolisation compared to TESPAL (5,972 vs. 3,769 euros). On average, hospitalization costs decreased by 41% when a patient was treated by TESPAL compared to an embolisation strategy (p= 0.06). The presence of comorbidities increased hospitalization costs by 79% (p=0.04). TESPAL enabled 1,867€ to be gained in intractable epistaxis.

Conclusions

The outcomes from our decision model confirm that TESPAL is more cost‐effective for patients with intractable epistaxis.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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[ASAP] Base-Promoted, Remote C–H Activation at a Cationic (?5-C5Me5)Ir(III) Center Involving Reversible C–C Bond Formation of Bound C5Me5

Journal of the American Chemical Society

DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11752

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