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Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos 72100 Crete Greece,00302841026182,00306932607174,alsfakia@gmail.com,
One of the most recognized anthropogenic impacts in marine environments is solid waste pollution, especially plastic, which can be ingested by fish, thus interfering with their health. In this context, the aim of this study is to describe the ingestion of plastic fragments and to identify the possible effect of this contamination in the condition factor of Genidens genidens in the Laguna Estuarine System. The stomach contents of 92 G. genidens (26 juveniles and 66 adults) were analyzed. The Index of Relative Importance was performed to identify the contribution of each prey item. Condition factor (CF) was used to analyze the effect of plastic ingestion on the fish's body condition (by comparing individuals in the same ontogenetic phase). For the juveniles, eight items were observed, the most important of which were Penaeidae, followed by Portunidae and plastic. For the adults, 12 items were observed, the most important of which were Penaeidae, Portunidae, Polychaeta, and plastic. The analysis of CF demonstrated higher values for individuals without plastic in the stomach, which indicated a better health condition. The CF of a fish may be affected by variations in the physiological condition, environmental stresses, and nutritional and biological variations, and could be used to compare the body condition or health of a fish species. The ingestion of plastic could significantly influence the worst body condition of the individuals that were analyzed in the present study. The plastic pollution in marine coastal waters is associated with the appropriate waste management levels.
Facial plast Surg
DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1677718
In functional septorhinoplasty (FSRP), alternative grafting material is used if septal cartilage is insufficient for reconstructive needs. Autologous costal cartilage (ACC) and irradiated homologous costal cartilage (IHCC) are compared via the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scale. One-hundred forty-one patients who underwent FSRP with ACC or IHCC between January 2013 and March 2018 were administered the NOSE scale pre- and postoperatively at 2, 4, 6, and 12 months. There was no significant difference in mean NOSE scores between the ACC and IHCC cohorts at the preoperative visit (68.5 [standard deviation, SD 24.1] and 71.7 [20.1], respectively; p < 0.6) or first postoperative visit (30.4 [26.6] and 33.9 [30.4], respectively; p < 0.6) or subsequent visits. NOSE scores demonstrated a clinically and statistically significant improvement at all follow-up time points for both the ACC and IHCC groups. Patients who underwent grafting with IHCC were significantly older than those with ACC; average age of 55.6 [SD: 17.3] versus 40.1 [SD:12.1]; (p < 0.001). Two IHCC (0.05%) patients had postoperative infections; both resolved with antibiotics, but one required revision surgery. Both ACC and IHCC provide reliable grafting material when septal cartilage is insufficient. In FSRP for nasal airway obstruction, ACC and IHCC both provide a clinically and statistically significant reduction in NOSE scores postoperatively that remain stable between follow-up time points. The authors find no difference in NOSE scores between the ACC and IHCC groups; however, IHCC did have a higher rate of postoperative infection. Both materials should be discussed with patients and are an important part of the informed consent process.
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Duck/fish polyculture farming is a typical farming model in the Pearl River delta in southern China. We examined soil, water, and sediment samples from three duck-fish farms in Guangdong Province in September and December 2014. We determined the abundance of three metal resistance genes, 16S rDNA, and 23 antibiotic resistance genes encoding resistance to tetracycline, sulfonamides, quinolones, chloramphenicol, and β-lactamases. Microbial community structure was quantified by Illumina high-throughput sequencing of 16S rDNA genes. We found a prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes and the sul1, sul2, tetA, tetM, aac(6′)-Ib, and floR genes were the most abundant. Levels of Cu and Zn were significantly correlated with numerous ARG types and sul2, floR, and tetM were identified as potential antibiotic resistance gene indicators. Cu levels were significantly and positively correlated with the relative abundance of sul3, tetT, tetW, qnrB, qnrS, fexB, sul1, sul2, tetM, and qnrA. Zn was significantly correlated to relative abundance of sul2, sul3, tetM, tetA, tetT, tetW, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, aac(6′)-Ib, qepA, blaSHV, cmlA, floR, fexA, cfr, and fexB. The levels of Acinetobacter, Brevibacillus, and Wautersiella showed significant positive correlations with metal resistance genes as well as qnrB, oqxA, oqxB, and blaSHV (p > 0.8). Sphingobacterium, Flavobacterium, Acidothermus, and Corynebacterium had significant correlations with abundance of tetracycline resistance genes, sulfonamide resistance genes, blaTEM, blaCTX, and cfr (p > 0.8). Sphingobacterium, Flavobacterium, Acidothermus, and Corynebacterium were most abundant in soil samples while Acinetobacter, Brevibacillus, and Wautersiella were most abundant in water samples. Dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes in aquaculture environments is extensive and tracing their origins is necessary to establish risk assessment methods required for aquatic environmental protection.
Researchers have been using electrode arrays to record the brain's electrical activity for decades, mapping activity in different brain regions to understand what it looks like when everything is working, and what is happening when it is not. Until now, however, these arrays have only been able to detect activity over a certain frequency threshold. A new technology developed by the Graphene Flagship overcomes this technical limitation, unlocking the wealth of information found below 0.1 Hz, w...
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Siemens Healthineers presented its first intelligent software assistant for radiology, the AI-Rad Companion Chest CT, at the 2018 Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) annual meeting, Nov. 25-30 in Chicago. The software brings artificial intelligence (AI) to computed tomography (CT). Using CT images of the chest, it can differentiate between various structures in that region of the body, highlighting them individually, and mark and measure potential abnormalities in the lungs, heart, a...
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Roche announced the launch of its new uPath enterprise software for digital pathology. The software improves on the previous version, known as Ventana Virtuoso, with new personalization capabilities for pathology workflows. uPath enhances the user experience by drastically decreasing image rendering times, integrating automated image analysis and improving efficiency by enabling an improved workflow for sharing cases between pathologists. To aid in the development of uPath software, Roc...
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Medical image management and teleradiology company NucleusHealth debuted the next milestone in the Nucleus.io cloud platform with their StatStream+ technology at the 2018 Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) annual meeting, Nov. 25-30, 2018, in Chicago. StatStream+ represents a major improvement, according to the company, over the existing StatStream technology first launched within Nucleus.io to deliver medical images from the cloud quickly. StatStream+ was engineered to allow ins...
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A novel technique that uses mammography to determine the biological tissue composition of a tumor could help reduce unnecessary breast biopsies, according to a new study appearing in the journal Radiology.1 Mammography has been effective at reducing deaths from breast cancer by detecting cancers in their earliest, most treatable stages. However, many women are called back for additional diagnostic imaging and, in many cases, biopsies, for abnormal findings that are ultimately proven benign...
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Philips announced the launch of Azurion with FlexArm, designed to enhance positioning flexibility for image-guided procedures. During increasingly complex interventions, clinicians need to quickly and easily visualize critical anatomy and identify changes to the patient during the procedure. Azurion with FlexArm includes a set of innovations that makes it easier for the clinician to perform imaging across the whole patient in both 2-D and 3-D. As the clinician moves the system, the image b...
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This study investigated the efficacy of electrokinetic remediation of soils polluted with different concentrations of tetracyclines (TCs). Three widely used TCs (oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, and tetracycline) were selected, and concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 20, and 50 mg/kg (C0, C5, C10, C20, C50) were selected for comparison. Antibiotic-polluted soils with no electric field served as controls. The average removal rates of TCs in different treatments ranged from 25 to 48% after 7-day remediation. The contributing ratios of electrokinetics to TCs removal varied from 22 to 84%. The concentrations of NH4+ increased in soils and electrolytes, which indicated the decomposition of TCs in the electric field. The highest removal amount of TCs was obtained in the C50 treatment, due to efficient reactions of TCs with oxidative radicals generated during the electrolysis. The fluctuant range of pH in the electrolytes was decreased with increasing concentration of TCs, while the soil pH was increased. The removal rate of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) in the C5 treatment was significantly higher than that in other treatments. The abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) increased with the concentrations of TCs in soils. It might result from the induction of increasing selective pressure of antibiotics. Significant removal of ARGs occurred in the C50 treatment (38–60%). In terms of controlling ARB and ARGs, which were more resistant, the electrokinetic technology showed advantageous effects. Above all, electrokinetic technology provides an effective remediation method, especially for TC-polluted soil with a concentration of 20–50 mg/kg.
Scientists protest plan to weaken US gender-discrimination law
Scientists protest plan to weaken US gender-discrimination law, Published online: 29 January 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-00276-w
More than 89,000 public comments flood in on government proposal to rewrite Title IX, which prohibits sexual harassment in educational settings.Ethiopia's church forests are a last refuge for dwindling biodiversity
Ethiopia's church forests are a last refuge for dwindling biodiversity, Published online: 29 January 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-00275-x
Ecologists are working with the nation's Tewahedo churches to preserve these pockets of lush, wild habitat.Dead bees, dusty offices: US scientists face post-shutdown malaise
Dead bees, dusty offices: US scientists face post-shutdown malaise, Published online: 29 January 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-00344-1
Science agencies scramble to recover from one government closure as another looms.A robotic vine that can coil itself around the real thing
A robotic vine that can coil itself around the real thing, Published online: 29 January 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-00308-5
Artificial device imitates plants that rely on osmosis to power their tendrils.Chinese effort to clone gene-edited monkeys kicks off
Chinese effort to clone gene-edited monkeys kicks off, Published online: 29 January 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-00292-w
Genetically identical primates could provide improved animal models of human disease, but some researchers raise ethical issues.Daily briefing: How to team up with big tech
Daily briefing: How to team up with big tech, Published online: 29 January 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-00342-3
Rewards and risks of technology-industry funding, the first cloned gene-edited monkeys and the life-science technologies to watch.The forest gap crucially influences forest environments, but its effects on local fungal community assembly are not fully understood. In this study, the fungal community in a weeping cypress forest was investigated as a function of forest gap locations based on forest clearing, using amplicon sequencing of the ITS2 region. The results showed that the fungal community significantly varied with the variations in soil properties related to gap location. Deterministic processes played pivotal roles in fungal community assembly, which was mainly driven by the temperature, moisture, available nitrogen, and microbial carbon in soil. Beta diversity of the fungal community increased from the gap center to the closed canopy. The relative abundances of dominant orders such as Microascales, Sordariales, and Chaetothyriales regularly varied as a function of gap location, and they were potential indicators for different gap locations. Based on network analysis, gap locations caused distinct co-occurrence patterns of fungal communities. This study shed light on the roles of forest gaps in the assembly of local fungal communities and provided additional strategies to manage forest ecosystems.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the probable protective effect of quercetin (QUE) against cadmium (Cd)-induced sub-chronic toxicity in rats. Adult male rats were given either Cd (as cadmium chloride; 5 mg/kg) alone or in combination with QUE (50 mg/kg) daily for 4 weeks by oral gavage. At the end of the experimental period, Cd accumulation, and selected hematological, thyroid, and reproductive markers were assessed. Results revealed that Cd treatment significantly increased Cd concentrations in blood, thyroid gland, and testicular tissue of rats. Cd also caused a decline in hemoglobin content, hematocrit value, and total erythrocyte and leucocyte counts. Further, significant suppressions in the blood levels of hormones related to thyroid gland function, and male reproductive hormones (i.e., testosterone, luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone), were observed in Cd-treated rats compared to the control. In parallel, low sperm count and sperm motility, increased sperm abnormalities, and marked pathology occurred in testis. Combination with QUE recorded amelioration of the deleterious effects of Cd, involving regulation of hematological toxicity and thyroid hormonal levels and subsequently modulation of testicular function. In conclusion, it appears that dietary QUE can rescue from Cd-induced hematological dysfunctions and testicular damage by reversing the hypothyroid state.
Frontiers are contingent and dynamic arenas for the negotiation, entrenchment, and innovation of identity, and the imposing materiality of frontier fortifications and their prominence in colonial topographies make them ideal laboratories in which to examine this dynamic. This article presents the results of large-scale excavations in 2011 and 2012 at the officers' quarters and enlisted men's barracks at Fort Lane, a U.S. Army outpost used during the Rogue River Wars in southern Oregon between 1853 and 1856. We consider how, within this arena, the identities of social class, Confederate or Union, and East Coaster or frontiersman, were crafted in this pre–Civil War frontier setting at the dawn of the modern era.