Reperfusion

Reperfusion: The restoration of blood flow to an organ or to tissue. After a heart attack, an immediate goal is to quickly open blocked arteries and reperfuse the heart muscles. Early reperfusion minimizes the extent of heart muscle damage and preserves the pumping function of the heart.

MedTerms (TM) is the Medical Dictionary of MedicineNet.com.
We Bring Doctors' Knowledge To You

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via Alexandros G.Sfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2zpp22G
via IFTTT

Medicaid still target of health care reform

What's going to happen to health care now that Senate Republicans have failed to pass their bill that would have replaced much of the Affordable Care Act? In particular, what's going to happen to Medicaid, the government's largest insurance program, which covers 74 million Americans? This is a good time to clarify what was at stake and might still be up for grabs in the months to come. Despite its importance to so many people, Medicaid always has been the health system's stepchild.

from ! ORL Sfakianakis via paythelady.61 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2z8lNeW
via IFTTT

Periodontitis: from Infection to Inflammation

Abstract

Purpose of the Review

The purpose of this study is to discuss the current understanding of periodontitis causation.

Recent Findings

The understanding of periodontitis as a monocausal infection has hindered the investigation of other potential causes that influence periodontitis morbidity and does not reflect the complexity of periodontitis etiology. Still today, the periodontal literature frequently defines periodontitis as an infection, whereas other potential causes of periodontitis, like smoking, which seems to be causally related to periodontitis, are typically called modifying or susceptibility factors. Instead of addressing the complexity of periodontitis, the field has narrowed its focus trying to find the most important bacteria or gene. Distal causes of periodontitis and interaction between constellations of causes at multiple levels have been commonly neglected.

Summary

Understanding periodontitis as a group of signs and symptoms characterized by inflammatory destruction of the periodontium would provide a better frame for future etiological research.

from ! ORL Sfakianakis via paythelady.61 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2gb0qSV
via IFTTT

Velopharyngeal Insufficiency and Hypernasal Voice: 15 Years' Experience With Furlow Palatoplasty

Recently, several investigators have discussed one of the most controversial topics concerning cleft palate, the diagnosis and treatment of velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI),1-3 including an article in the Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.1 This inadequate function of the velopharyngeal sphincter is a condition observed in up to 40% of children operated on for cleft palate. Hypernasal speech and nasal emission constitute the most typical stigmata. Moreover, the gap between the velum and pharynx obstruct drainage of the middle ear with recurrent ear infections and increase the risk of developing conductive ear loss.

from ! ORL Sfakianakis via paythelady.61 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2xGuQHE
via IFTTT

Denosumab as a potential treatment alternative for patients suffering from diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis of the mandible—a rapid communication

Diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis (DSO) is a rare disease of the jaw bone. Its treatment is challenging. Different medical and surgical treatment protocols have been proposed; however, none of these treatment protocols produce reliable results. Recently, ibandronate administration has been attempted as a treatment alternative in acute cases of DSO. Due to the similar antiresorptive effect, we sought to explore the application of the human monoclonal antibody to the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL), denosumab, in the treatment of DSO.

from ! ORL Sfakianakis via paythelady.61 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2gaEwik
via IFTTT

Evaluation of positional plagiocephaly: conventional anthropometric measurement versus laser scanning method

The incidence of plagiocephaly has increased in the 25 years since the "Back to Sleep" campaign in 1991 to prevent sudden infant death. Plagiocephaly is not considered to be a pathological condition. It is more of an esthetic impairment and could have potentially negative psychological or psychosocial consequences; therefore, treatment is recommended. The aim of this study is to compare conventional anthropometry and laser scanning – two different measurement methods – as diagnostic instruments for plagiocephaly.

from ! ORL Sfakianakis via paythelady.61 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2yj1YVm
via IFTTT

Denosumab as a potential treatment alternative for patients suffering from diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis of the mandible—a rapid communication

Diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis (DSO) is a rare disease of the jaw bone. Its treatment is challenging. Different medical and surgical treatment protocols have been proposed; however, none of these treatment protocols produce reliable results. Recently, ibandronate administration has been attempted as a treatment alternative in acute cases of DSO. Due to the similar antiresorptive effect, we sought to explore the application of the human monoclonal antibody to the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL), denosumab, in the treatment of DSO.

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via Alexandros G.Sfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2gaEwik
via IFTTT

Evaluation of positional plagiocephaly: conventional anthropometric measurement versus laser scanning method

The incidence of plagiocephaly has increased in the 25 years since the "Back to Sleep" campaign in 1991 to prevent sudden infant death. Plagiocephaly is not considered to be a pathological condition. It is more of an esthetic impairment and could have potentially negative psychological or psychosocial consequences; therefore, treatment is recommended. The aim of this study is to compare conventional anthropometry and laser scanning – two different measurement methods – as diagnostic instruments for plagiocephaly.

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via Alexandros G.Sfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2yj1YVm
via IFTTT

NPI’s Concierge Online Appointments – A Review

One of the factors that lit the fire under me to update my old website with New Patients Inc was so that I could add some advanced features.  One of them was online scheduling for patients.  This is a concept … Continue reading →

from ! ORL Sfakianakis via paythelady.61 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2idpm05
via IFTTT

Influence of Ginkgo Biloba extract (EGb 761) on expression of IL-1 Beta, IL-6, TNF-alfa, HSP-70, HSF-1 and COX-2 after noise exposure in the rat cochlea

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of Ginkgo Biloba in early treatment of noise induced hearing loss on expression of IL-6, IL-1 Beta, TNF-alfa, HSP-70, HSF-1 and COX-2 in the rat cochlea.

from ! ORL Sfakianakis via paythelady.61 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2gaFxqK
via IFTTT

Influence of Ginkgo Biloba extract (EGb 761) on expression of IL-1 Beta, IL-6, TNF-alfa, HSP-70, HSF-1 and COX-2 after noise exposure in the rat cochlea

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of Ginkgo Biloba in early treatment of noise induced hearing loss on expression of IL-6, IL-1 Beta, TNF-alfa, HSP-70, HSF-1 and COX-2 in the rat cochlea.

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via Alexandros G.Sfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2gaFxqK
via IFTTT

Effect of V–Y plasty on lip lengthening and treatment of gummy smile

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of isolated V–Y plasty on lip lengthening and the treatment of gummy smile. An isolated V–Y plasty was performed on 14 patients with a gummy smile. In each case, measurements of upper lip length and gingival display were recorded from posed-smile photographs taken preoperatively and at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. Gingival display decreased significantly and lip length increased significantly over all intervals investigated. Applying this technique after Le Fort I surgery may be beneficial; however, as with other injection or surgical lip lengthening methods, its stand-alone application should be questioned.

from ! ORL Sfakianakis via paythelady.61 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2xGigIo
via IFTTT

Students to Service program brings dentists to underserved areas

"There's a lot of people in need but not so many providers in the area to provide care," said Dr. James Younan, dentist at the Family Health Centers of Marshfield Clinic at the Ladysmith Dental Center. Offered by the National Health Service Corps, the Students to Service Loan Repayment Program offers student incentives to serve in what it deems Health Professional Shortage Areas, meaning there aren't enough health care providers to keep up with the community.

from ! ORL Sfakianakis via paythelady.61 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2gkbTTP
via IFTTT

Research, Regulatory and Clinical Decision-Making: The Importance of Scientific Integrity

from ! ORL Sfakianakis via paythelady.61 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2gksNlc
via IFTTT

Bacterial biofilm and associated infections

Microscopic entities, microorganisms that drastically affect human health need to be thoroughly investigated. A biofilm is an architectural colony of microorganisms, within a matrix of extracellular polymeric substance that they produce. Biofilm contains microbial cells adherent to one-another and to a static surface (living or non-living). Bacterial biofilms are usually pathogenic in nature and can cause nosocomial infections. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) revealed that among all microbial and chronic infections, 65% and 80%, respectively, are associated with biofilm formation.

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via Alexandros G.Sfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2yjRT89
via IFTTT

The impact of open to collaborative care model in cardiovascular surgical unit

When compared with open care model, a closed one improves patient care in intensive care units (ICUs), mixed ICUs, surgical ICUs and trauma centers. We wanted to evaluate the benefit of a collaborative care model in highly specialized cardiovascular care unit.

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via Alexandros G.Sfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2wUWMDh
via IFTTT

Economic and sustainable management of wastes from rice industry: combating the potential threats

Abstract

Rice is one of the imperative staple foods, particularly in the developing countries. The exponential boom in human population has resulted in the continuous expansion in the rice industry in order to meet the food demands. The various stages of paddy processing release huge quantity of solid wastes, mainly rice husk, rice husk ash and liquid wastes in the form of rice industry wastewater. The discharge of the rice industry wastewater imparts a substantial threat to the aquatic bodies and the nearby surrounding and, thus, consequently demands eco-benign treatment plan. As a result, different strategies are needed to enhance the effluent quality and minimize the operational cost of the treatment process. Therefore, efficient technological approach targeting the minimization of pollution as well as assuring the economic prosperity should be implemented. In this review article, several aspects related to the rice industry discussing the significant challenges involved in the generation of both solid and liquid wastes, mitigation experiments and future prospects have been meticulously elaborated. Furthermore, the article also focuses on the various processes utilized for reducing the pollution load and promoting the practice of reuse and recycle of waste rather than the discharge action for the sake of sustainability and the emergence of novel techniques for the generation of energy and value-added products.

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via Alexandros G.Sfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2kO11ie
via IFTTT

Biological and analytical techniques used for detection of polyaromatic hydrocarbons

Abstract

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contain two or more fused benzene rings that are considered as cosmo-pollutants ubiquitously found in the environment. The identification and monitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are of great interests for rapid and on-site detection. Therefore, many analytical and biological techniques have been proposed for the qualitative and quantitative assessments of PAHs. Non-biological analytical techniques such as infrared, Raman, and fluorescence spectroscopies are commonly exploited as non-destructive techniques while gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with multiple detectors are extensively employed for the separation and detection of an analyte. Even though spectroscopy and chromatography are more accurate, convenient, and feasible techniques, often, these methods are expensive and sophisticated which require high maintenance cost. On the other hand, biological approaches, i.e., immunoassay, PCR, and microarray, offer comprehensive high-throughput specificity and sensitivity for a similar analyte. Biosensor- and immunoassay-mediated detections of PAHs have opened up new avenues in terms of low cost, rapid determination, and higher sensitivity. In this review, we have discussed the strengths and limitations of biological and analytical techniques that were explored for precise evaluation and were trusted at both the legislation and research levels.

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via Alexandros G.Sfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2xGSjIU
via IFTTT

Borrelia burgdorferi

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via Alexandros G.Sfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2gi9JUC
via IFTTT

Allergy Alert Issued In 13 Whole Foods Market Stores for Undeclared Egg in Apple Cinnamon Hand Pies

Select Whole Foods Market stores in Arizona, California and Nevada are voluntarily recalling apple cinnamon hand pies because the products contained egg that was not listed on the product label. People who have an allergy or severe sensitivity to egg run the risk of serious or life-threatening allergic reaction if they consume these products.

from ! ORL Sfakianakis via paythelady.61 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2yiDmfE
via IFTTT

An assemblyman and a dentist, he's helping identify Northern California bodies

At least 35 people have died in Northern California fires that continue to ravage multiple counties, displacing 100,000 people. Fire officials reported 35 fire-related deaths as of Saturday.

from ! ORL Sfakianakis via paythelady.61 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2yoGnKH
via IFTTT

Cytokine profile changes in gingival crevicular fluid after placement different brackets types

Publication date: January 2018
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 85
Author(s): Ana Zilda Nazar Bergamo, Paulo Nelson-Filho, Cássio do Nascimento, Renato Corrêa Viana Casarin, Márcio Zaffalon Casati, Marcela Cristina Damião Andrucioli, Érika Calvano Kuchler, Daniele Lucca Longo, Léa Assed Bezerra da Silva, Mírian Aiko Nakane Matsumoto
ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine the relationship between bracket design and ratio of five proinflammatory cytokine, in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), and bacterial adhesion without tooth movement influence.DesignThe sample was comprised of 20 participants, aged 11 to 15 years old (mean age: 13.3 years±1.03). A conventional Gemini™ metallic bracket and two self-ligating brackets, In-Ovation^®R and SmartClip™, were bonded to the maxillary incisors and canines. GCF was collected using a standard filter paper strip before and 60days after bonding. The cytokine levels (IL-12, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) were performed by the LUMINEX assay. The levels of the red and orange bacterial complexes were analyzed by the Checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. The data of cytokine and bacterial complexes were carried out using the non-parametric tests at 5% of significance level.ResultsIncreased cytokine levels were observed. However, only the SmartClip™ group showed a significantly increased level of TNF-α (p=0.046). The SmartClip™ brackets group presented higher levels of red complex bacteria.ConclusionsThe bracket design affected cytokine levels and bacterial adhesion since it was observed that the proinflammatory cytokines released in GCF to the SmartClip™ group showed an increase in the TNF-α levels associated with higher bacterial levels, which possibly represents greater inflammatory potential. Thereby, the bracket design should be considered in patients with risk of periodontal disease and root resorption.



from ! ORL Sfakianakis via paythelady.61 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2ypimmU
via IFTTT

Multiple complex somatosensory systems in mature rat molars defined by immunohistochemistry

Publication date: January 2018
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 85
Author(s): Margaret R. Byers, Leanne M. Cornel
ObjectiveIntradental sensory receptors trigger painful sensations and unperceived mechanosensitivity, but the receptor bases for those functions are only partly defined. We present new evidence here concerning complex endings of myelinated axons in rat molars.DesignWe sectioned mature rat jaws in sagittal and transverse planes to analyze neural immunoreactivity (IR) for parvalbumin, peripherin, neurofilament protein, neurotrophin receptors, synaptophysin, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), or mas-related g-protein-receptor-d (Mrgprd).ResultsWe found two complex sensory systems in mature rat molar dentin that labeled with neurofilament protein-IR, plus either parvalbumin-IR or peripherin-IR. The parvalbumin-IR system made extensively branched, beaded endings focused into dentin throughout each pulp horn. The peripherin-IR system primarily made unbeaded, fork-shaped dentinal endings scattered throughout crown including cervical regions. Both of these systems differed from neuropeptide CGRP-IR. In molar pulp we found peripherin- and parvalbumin-IR layered endings, either near special horizontal plexus arrays or in small coiled endings near tangled plexus, each with specific foci for specific pulp horns. Parvalbumin-IR nerve fibers had Aβ axons (5–7μm diameter), while peripherin-IR axons were thinner Aδ size (2–5μm). Mechano-nociceptive Mrgprd-IR was only found in peripherin-IR axons.ConclusionsComplex somatosensory receptors in rat molars include two types of dentinal endings that both differ from CGRP-IR endings, and at least two newly defined types of pulpal endings. The PV-IR neurons with their widely branched, synaptophysin-rich, intradentinal beaded endings are good candidates for endodontic non-nociceptive, low threshold, unperceived mechanoreceptors. The complex molar dentinal and pulpal sensory systems were not found in rat incisors.



from ! ORL Sfakianakis via paythelady.61 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2yKxxbx
via IFTTT

Extending the service life of existing dental restorations with esthetic and functional limitations

Publication date: Available online 14 October 2017
Source:The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry
Author(s): Malin Strasding, Vincent Fehmer, Bjarni E. Pjetursson, Irena Sailer
Adhesive cementation is a useful procedure not only for cementing restorations onto teeth but also for attaching new ceramic restorations to existing restorations to improve their esthetics and/or function. This clinical report presents a technique for modifying an existing nonsatisfactory implant-supported fixed dental prosthesis by means of adhesively cemented veneers and onlays bonded to the pre-existing metal–ceramic surface with resin cement. This modification may avoid the replacement of the fixed dental prosthesis, reducing both treatment costs and time while fulfilling the patient's demands.



from ! ORL Sfakianakis via paythelady.61 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2yKKnpX
via IFTTT

Restoring masticatory function in a patient with severe microstomia using rapid prototyped mesh and a custom-made hinge and swing-lock prosthesis

Publication date: Available online 14 October 2017
Source:The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry
Author(s): Ibrahim Tulunoglu, Meng Huan Lee, Mohammed Louay Taifur, Ozlem Tulunoglu
This clinical report describes the use of rapid prototyped mesh in a complete swing-lock prosthesis to restore masticatory function in an edentulous patient with severe microstomia and perioral scar tissue after an industrial hot tar accident.



from ! ORL Sfakianakis via paythelady.61 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2hGx1A1
via IFTTT

Marginal discrepancy dimensions of single unit metal crowns fabricated by using CAD-CAM–milled acrylate resin polymer blocks or a conventional waxing technique

Publication date: Available online 14 October 2017
Source:The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry
Author(s): David Lalande, Jeffrey A. Hodd, John S. Brousseau, Van Ramos, Daniel Dunham, Frederick Rueggeberg
Statement of problemBecause crowns with open margins are a well-known problem and can lead to complications, it is important to assess the accuracy of margins resulting from the use of a new technique. Currently, data regarding the marginal fit of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) technology to fabricate a complete gold crown (CGC) from a castable acrylate resin polymer block are lacking.PurposeThe purpose of this in vitro study was to compare marginal discrepancy widths of CGCs fabricated by using either conventional hand waxing or acrylate resin polymer blocks generated by using CAD-CAM technology.Material and methodsA plastic model of a first mandibular molar was prepared by using a 1-mm, rounded chamfer margin on the entire circumference of the tooth. The master die was duplicated 30 times, and 15 wax patterns were fabricated by using a manual waxing technique, and 15 were fabricated by using CAD-CAM technology. All patterns were invested and cast, and resulting CGCs were cemented on their respective die by using resin-modified glass ionomer cement. The specimens were then embedded in acrylic resin and sectioned buccolingually. The buccal and lingual marginal discrepancies of each sectioned portion were measured by using microscopy at ×50 magnification. Data were subjected to repeated measures 2-way ANOVA, by using the Tukey post hoc pairwise comparison test (α=.05).ResultsThe factor of "technique" had no significant influence on marginal discrepancy measurement (P=.431), but a significant effect of "margin location" (P=.019) was noted. The confounding combination of factors was found to be significantly lower marginal discrepancy dimensions of the lingual margin discrepancy than on the buccal side by using CAD-CAM technology.ConclusionsThe marginal discrepancy of CAD-CAM acrylate resin crowns was not significantly different from those made with a conventional manual method; however, lingual margin discrepancies present from CAD-CAM–prepared crowns were significantly less than those measured on the respective buccal surface.



from ! ORL Sfakianakis via paythelady.61 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2yLuKP5
via IFTTT

Transcriptional regulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p21CIP1/WAF1, by the chelator, Dp44mT

Publication date: Available online 13 October 2017
Source:Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects
Author(s): Rayan Saleh Moussa, Zaklina Kovacevic, Dong-Hun Bae, Darius J.R. Lane, Des R. Richardson
BackgroundThe cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p21, is well known for its role in cell cycle arrest. Novel anti-cancer agents that deplete iron pools demonstrate marked anti-tumor activity and are also active in regulating p21 expression. These agents induce p21 mRNA levels independently of the tumor suppressor, p53, and differentially regulate p21 protein expression depending on the cell-type. Several chelators, including an analogue of the potent anti-tumor agent, di-2-pyridylketone 4,4-dimethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (Dp44mT), have entered clinical trials, and thus, their molecular mechanism of action is crucial to assess. Hence, this investigation examined how several iron chelators transcriptionally regulate p21.MethodsPromoter-deletion constructs; luciferase assays; RT-PCR; western analysis; gene silencing; co-immunoprecipitation.ResultsThe transcriptional regulation of the p21 promoter by iron chelators was demonstrated to be dependent on the chelator and cell-type examined. The potent anti-cancer chelator, Dp44mT, induced p21 promoter activity in SK-MEL-28 melanoma cells, but not in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Further analysis of the p21 promoter identified a 50-bp region between −104 and −56-bp that was required for Dp44mT-induced activation in SK-MEL-28 cells. This region contained several Sp1-binding sites and mutational analysis of this region revealed the Sp1-3-binding site played a significant role in Dp44mT-induced activation of p21. Further, co-immunoprecipitation demonstrated that Dp44mT induced a marked increase in the interactions between Sp1 and the transcription factors, estrogen receptor-α and c-Jun.Conclusions and general significanceDp44mT-induced p21 promoter activation via the Sp1-3-binding site and increased Sp1/ER-α and Sp1/c-Jun complex formation in SK-MEL-28 cells, suggesting these complexes were involved in p21 promoter activation.



from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via Alexandros G.Sfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2hIBL8e
via IFTTT

Effect of thickness and surface modifications on flexural strength of monolithic zirconia

Publication date: Available online 14 October 2017
Source:The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry
Author(s): Fusun Ozer, Andrew Naden, Volkan Turp, Francis Mante, Deniz Sen, Markus B. Blatz
Statement of problemA recommended minimum thickness for monolithic zirconia restorations has not been reported. Assessing a proper thickness that has the necessary load-bearing capacity but also conserves dental hard tissues is essential.PurposeThe purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of thickness and surface modifications on monolithic zirconia after simulated masticatory stresses.Material and methodsMonolithic zirconia disks (10 mm in diameter) were fabricated with 1.3 mm and 0.8 mm thicknesses. For each thickness, 21 disks were fabricated. The specimens of each group were further divided into 3 subgroups (n=7) according to the surface treatments applied: untreated (control), airborne-particle abrasion with 50-μm Al2O3 particles at a pressure of 400 kPa at 10 mm, and grinding with a diamond rotary instrument followed by polishing. The biaxial flexure strength was determined by using a piston-on-3-balls technique in a universal testing machine. Flexural loading was applied with a 1.4-mm diameter steel cylinder, centered on the disk, at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min until fracture occurred. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses were performed. The data were statistically analyzed with 2-way ANOVA, Tamhane T2, 1-way ANOVA, and Student t tests (α=.05).ResultsThe 1.3-mm specimens had significantly higher flexural strength than the 0.8-mm specimens (P<.05). Airborne-particle abrasion significantly increased the flexural strength (P<.05). Grinding and polishing did not affect the flexural strength of the specimens (P>.05).ConclusionsThe mean flexural strength of 0.8-mm and 1.3-mm thick monolithic zirconia was greater than reported masticatory forces. Airborne-particle abrasion increased the flexural strength of monolithic zirconia. Grinding did not affect flexural strength if subsequently polished.



from ! ORL Sfakianakis via paythelady.61 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2hHBaE8
via IFTTT

Notes for genera: Ascomycota

Abstract

Knowledge of the relationships and thus the classification of fungi, has developed rapidly with increasingly widespread use of molecular techniques, over the past 10–15 years, and continues to accelerate. Several genera have been found to be polyphyletic, and their generic concepts have subsequently been emended. New names have thus been introduced for species which are phylogenetically distinct from the type species of particular genera. The ending of the separate naming of morphs of the same species in 2011, has also caused changes in fungal generic names. In order to facilitate access to all important changes, it was desirable to compile these in a single document. The present article provides a list of generic names of Ascomycota (approximately 6500 accepted names published to the end of 2016), including those which are lichen-forming. Notes and summaries of the changes since the last edition of 'Ainsworth & Bisby's Dictionary of the Fungi' in 2008 are provided. The notes include the number of accepted species, classification, type species (with location of the type material), culture availability, life-styles, distribution, and selected publications that have appeared since 2008. This work is intended to provide the foundation for updating the ascomycete component of the "Without prejudice list of generic names of Fungi" published in 2013, which will be developed into a list of protected generic names. This will be subjected to the XIXth International Botanical Congress in Shenzhen in July 2017 agreeing to a modification in the rules relating to protected lists, and scrutiny by procedures determined by the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi (NCF). The previously invalidly published generic names Barriopsis, Collophora (as Collophorina), Cryomyces, Dematiopleospora, Heterospora (as Heterosporicola), Lithophila, Palmomyces (as Palmaria) and Saxomyces are validated, as are two previously invalid family names, Bartaliniaceae and Wiesneriomycetaceae. Four species of Lalaria, which were invalidly published are transferred to Taphrina and validated as new combinations. Catenomycopsis Tibell & Constant. is reduced under Chaenothecopsis Vain., while Dichomera Cooke is reduced under Botryosphaeria Ces. & De Not. (Art. 59).

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via Alexandros G.Sfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2xF7iCR
via IFTTT

ATA 2017 Abstracts Available Online

We are pleased to provide complimentary access to the conference program and meeting abstracts for the 87th Annual Meeting of the American Thyroid Association, October 18-21, 2017 in Victoria, British Columbia. The Abstracts are available now on the Thyroid website:

87th Annual Meeting of the American Thyroid Association Abstracts
Abstract Author Index
Short Call Abstracts
Short Call Author Abstract Index

The post ATA 2017 Abstracts Available Online appeared first on American Thyroid Association.

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via Alexandros G.Sfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2gj02Fy
via IFTTT

Mapping air pollutants at municipality level in Italy and Spain in support to health impact evaluations

Abstract

A growing health concern, due to poor air quality, recently led to an increased number of studies regarding air pollution effects on public health. Consequently, close attention is paid to estimation methods of exposure to atmospheric pollutants. This paper aims to meet a specific requirement of epidemiological researchers, that is providing annual air pollution maps at municipality scale for health impact assessment purposes on national basis. Firstly, data fusion through kriging with external drift is implemented, combining pollution data from two different sources, models and measurements, in order to improve the spatial distribution of surface concentrations at grid level. Then, the assimilated data of air pollution are upscaled, so as to obtain concentrations at municipality level. This methodology was applied to Italy and Spain (in Spain, only the second step was carried out since the modeled concentration already included an assimilation procedure). In both countries, for each municipality, an estimate of the concentration value for atmospheric pollutants of major concern for human health (PM₁₀ and NO₂) was provided, offering more relevant information from a surveillance point of view.

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via Alexandros G.Sfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2wUY1lS
via IFTTT

Fracture of the anterior nasal spine: A systematic review

Publication date: Available online 14 October 2017
Source:Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medicine, and Pathology
Author(s): Blake S. Raggio, H.D. Graham
ObjectiveFracture of the anterior nasal spine is uncommon and poorly described in the literature. Herein we report a rare case of anterior nasal spine fracture (ANSF) and conduct the first systematic review on the management of ANSFs.MethodsA systematic review of PubMed, Ovid-MEDLINE, and EMBASE was conducted per PRISMA guidelines. Articles in English of all study designs were eligible for review.ResultsFrom an initial 53 articles reviewed, 6 met criteria for qualitative analysis (all Case Reports) comprising a total of 7 ANSF cases including our own. Patients with ANSF were more often young (mean age, 24.3 years), male (86%), and Caucasian (83%) with a history of facial trauma (100%). Common clinical features included columellar tenderness (71%), mucogingival ecchymosis (57%), and mucosal edema (57%). Lateral plain films definitively diagnosed an ANSF in 3/4 patients (75%). A computed tomography scan definitively diagnosed an ANSF in 4/4 patients (100%). Six of 7 patients (86%) experienced an ANSF with either no, mild, or unspecified displacement and were treated conservatively. One of 7 patients (14%) exhibited an ANSF with severe displacement and underwent open repair. Satisfactory outcomes were reported in 3/3 patients who underwent conservative treatment and 1/1 patient who underwent open repair.ConclusionANSF remains a poorly elucidated mid-face fracture. There is insufficient evidence to make definitive recommendations regarding the management of ANSFs. Further prospective research is warranted.



from ! ORL Sfakianakis via paythelady.61 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2zoMmNE
via IFTTT

Analysis of the prevalence of dental origin of deep neck infections

Publication date: Available online 14 October 2017
Source:Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medicine, and Pathology
Author(s): Beatriz Pardal-Peláez, José Luis Pardal-Refoyo, Carlos Ochoa-Sangrador, José González-Serrano, Javier Montero-Martín, Juan López-Quiles
ObjectiveThe objective of the study is to know the incidence of dental cause of deep neck infections (DNI) through systematic literature review and meta-analysis.Methodssystematic review on PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Library Plus with strategy (((deep neck) OR (parapharyngeal [All Fields] AND ('abscess' [MeSH Terms] OR 'abscess' [All Fields]))) AND ((('microbiology'[Subheading] OR 'microbiology'[All Fields] OR 'microbiology'[MeSH Terms]))). It was estimated the proportion of cases of dental origin according to models of random effects, the heterogeneity through inspection of the forest-plot and estimate of I² and publication by the LFK index and diagram bias weighted funnel-plot.ResultsWe selected 19 (3091 patients with DNI) studies that estimated dental origin in 1380 (pooled prevalence: 36%;) (95% CI 24%–49%). The heterogeneity of the studies is high and statistically significant (I²=98.03%, 95% CI 97.57% 98,40%; Cochran's Q=912,83). There were no graphical or statistical signs of publication bias (LFK index=−1.09).ConclusionsRelationship between dental origin and variables as the affected areas, the microorganisms isolated or complications cannot be drawn. It is necessary to perform new studies with better records of data related to DNI, systematizing the criteria for diagnosis and localization of infection.



from ! ORL Sfakianakis via paythelady.61 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2z9dXSq
via IFTTT

Histomorphometric observations of surgical methods for partial amputation injury of the inferior alveolar nerve using polyglycolic acid

Publication date: Available online 14 October 2017
Source:Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medicine, and Pathology
Author(s): Mitsuru Takata, Masato Murayama, Kenichi Sasaki, Takahiko Shibahara
ObjectiveThis study aimed to establish the best materials to use for the surgical repair of partial nerve amputation injuries.MethodsWe induced partial nerve amputation injuries to the inferior alveolar nerves of rabbits that were divided into the non-wrapping, polyglycolic acid (PGA) wrapping, vein wrapping, and atelocollagen wrapping groups. The inferior alveolar nerve of each rabbit was resected at half of the nerve fascicle diameter (5mm wide), and the injured portion was promptly wrapped and surgically repaired. Sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) and histomorphometric observations were recorded at 4, 8, and 12 weeks postoperatively.ResultsThe fibrous connective tissue and nerve fiber that were regenerated were complicated; in the histomorphometric observations, samples in the non-wrapping and atelocollagen wrapping groups were mixed and showed neural scarring. In the PGA and vein wrapping groups, the nerve fibers regenerated without invading the fibrous connective tissue. The regenerated fibers looked good, particularly in the PGA group, and showed continued epineurium during nervous regeneration. The SNAP of the regenerated fibers had delayed maximal conduction velocity and amplitude regeneration compared with the normal inferior alveolar nerves in all groups. All groups had maximal conduction velocity and amplitude improvement week by week. The PGA wrapping group had the most favorable regeneration.ConclusionOur study demonstrated that PGA was the most useful wrapping material.



from ! ORL Sfakianakis via paythelady.61 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2zoMk8u
via IFTTT

Health center offers tele-dentistry for young children at Ulu Wini

As a working mom, Cheyenne Alvarez said, it can be hard to find time to make dentist appointments, particularly on days when she's working from 4 or 5 p.m. to 3 the next morning. So when she heard a team from the West Hawaii Community Health Center was coming to Ulu Wini for dental outreach, she jumped at the chance to get her four kids checked out.

from ! ORL Sfakianakis via paythelady.61 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2hGN8hg
via IFTTT

Evaluation of aprepitant for acute chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in children and adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia receiving high-dose methotrexate

Abstract

Background

Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) negatively impacts patients' quality of life. The emetogenicity of high-dose methotrexate in children and adolescents with cancer is incompletely characterized. At our institution, a number of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have received aprepitant with courses of high-dose methotrexate after poor CINV control with prior courses.

Procedure

We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis on patients with ALL who received methotrexate 5 g/m²/dose with and without concomitant aprepitant at Texas. Children's Hospital between October 1, 2010 and January 31, 2016.

Results

We identified 16 patients who received a total of 69 courses of methotrexate. An enhanced antiemetic regimen containing aprepitant was administered with 42 methotrexate courses and resulted in a 54% reduction in the use of as-needed antiemetics (P = 0.002, 95% CI: 21–89%). There were no statistically significant differences in methotrexate area under the curve values (2,209 μM⋅hr/l ± 151 vs. 2,051 μM⋅hr/l ± 94, P = 0.355) or end-infusion methotrexate concentrations (80.5 μM ± 5.6 vs. 74.7 μM ± 3.2, P = 0.335) in patients receiving a standard versus an enhanced antiemetic regimen.

Conclusions

The addition of aprepitant reduces both CINV and the use of rescue antiemetics. Aprepitant does not appear to affect the pharmacokinetics of methotrexate. Granisetron was prescribed more frequently than ondansetron, but selection of secondary and tertiary agents, if any, was highly variable.

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via Alexandros G.Sfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2yieWCQ
via IFTTT

Medication contaminants as a potential cause of anaphylaxis to vincristine: What about drug-specific antigens?

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via Alexandros G.Sfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2g8OGjI
via IFTTT

A.S.K. Foods, Inc. Issues Allergy Alert On Undeclared Egg In Taste Of Inspirations Classic Red Skin Potato Salad Net. Weight 16 Oz. (454g)

A.S.K. Foods, Inc. of Palmyra, Pennsylvania is voluntarily recalling one lot of Hannaford Supermarkets' TASTE OF INSPIRATIONS CLASSIC RED SKIN POTATO SALAD Net Wt. 16 oz. (454g) because it may contain undeclared egg. People who have an allergy or severe sensitivity to egg run the risk of serious or life-threatening allergic reaction if they consume these products.

from ! ORL Sfakianakis via paythelady.61 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2yn23qw
via IFTTT

The complete mitochondrial genomes of Tarsiger cyanurus and Phoenicurus auroreus : a phylogenetic analysis of Passeriformes

Abstract

Passeriformes is the largest group within aves and the phylogenetic relationships between Passeriformes have caused major disagreement in ornithology. Particularly, the phylogenetic relationships between muscicapoidea and sylvioidea are complex, and their taxonomic boundaries have not been clearly defined. Our aim was to study the status of two bird species: Tarsiger cyanurus and Phoenicurus auroreus. Furthermore, we analyzed the phylogenetic relationships of Passeriformes. Complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences of both species were determined and the lengths were 16,803 (T. cyanurus) and 16,772 bp (P. auroreus), respectively. Thirteen protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, and one control region were identified in these mtDNAs. The contents of A and T at the base compositions was significantly higher than the content of G and C, and this AT skew was positive, while the GC skew was negative. The monophyly of Passeriformes is divided into four major clades: Corvoidea, Sylvioidea, Passeroidea, and Musicicapoidea. Paridae should be separated from the superfamily Sylvioidea and placed within the superfamily Muscicapoidea. The family Muscicapidae and Corvida were paraphyly, while Carduelis and Emberiza were grouped as a sister taxon. The relationships between some species of the order passeriformes may remain difficult to resolve despite an effort to collect additional characters for phylogenetic analysis. Current research of avian phylogeny should focus on adding characters and taxa and use both effectively to obtain a better resolution for deeper and shallow nodes.

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via Alexandros G.Sfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2xFl43S
via IFTTT

Regulation of HC11 mouse breast epithelial cell differentiation by the E-cadherin/Rac axis

Publication date: Available online 13 October 2017
Source:Experimental Cell Research
Author(s): Maximilian Niit, Rozanne Arulanandam, Jamaica Cass, Mulu Geletu, Victoria Hoskin, Graham Côté, Patrick Gunning, Bruce Elliott, Leda Raptis
It was previously demonstrated that differentiation of some established breast epithelial cell lines requires confluence and stimulation with hydrocortisone, insulin and prolactin inducers. We and others previously demonstrated that E-cadherin engagement, which is favored under conditions of confluence, increases the levels and activity of the Rac small GTPase. To investigate the functional relationship between the transforming ability of Rac and its role as an integral component of the differentiative E-cadherin signaling pathway, we introduced a mutationally activated form of Rac, Rac^V12, into the mouse breast epithelium-derived cell line, HC11. Our results demonstrate that the strength of the Rac signal is key for the outcome of the differentiation process; cRac1 is critically required for differentiation, and at low levels, mutationally activated Rac^V12 is able to increase differentiation, presumably reinforcing the E-cadherin/Rac differentiative signal. However, high Rac^V12 expression blocked differentiation concomitant with E-cadherin downregulation, while inducing neoplastic transformation. Therefore, the intensity of the Rac signal is a central determinant in the balance between cell proliferation vs differentiation, two fundamentally opposed processes, a finding which could also have important therapeutic implications.



from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via Alexandros G.Sfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2wURoQw
via IFTTT

Novel nanohydrogel of hyaluronic acid loaded with quercetin alone and in combination with temozolomide as new therapeutic tool, CD44 targeted based, of glioblastoma multiforme

Abstract

Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common and aggressive primary brain cancer with only ∼3% of patients surviving more than 3 years from diagnosis. Several mechanisms are involved in drug and radiation resistance to anticancer treatments and among them one of the most important factors is the tumour microenvironment status, characterised by cancer cell hypersecretion of interleukins and cytokines. The aim of our research was the synthesis of a nanocarrier of quercetin combined with temozolomide, to enhance the specificity and efficacy of this anticancer drug commonly used in glioblastoma treatment. The nanohydrogel increased the internalization and cytotoxicity of quercetin in human glioblastoma cells and, when co-delivered with temozolomide, contribute to an improved anticancer effect. The nanohydrogel loaded with quercetin had the ability to recognize CD44 receptor, a brain cancer cell marker, through an energy and caveolae dependent mechanism of internalization. Moreover, nanohydrogel of quercetin was able to reduce significantly IL-8, IL-6 and VEGF production in pro-inflammatory conditions with interesting implications on the mechanism of glioblastoma cells drug resistance. In summary, novel CD44 targeted polymeric based nanocarriers appear to be proficient in mediating site-specific delivery of quercetin via CD44 receptor in glioblastoma cells. This targeted therapy lead to an improved therapeutic efficacy of temozolomide by modulating the brain tumour microenvironment. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via Alexandros G.Sfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2xFrorW
via IFTTT

Synergistic effect of HIF-1α and FoxO3a trigger cardiomyocyte apoptosis under hyperglycemic ischemia condition

Abstract

Cardiomyocyte death is an important pathogenic feature of ischemia and heart failure. Through this study, we showed the synergistic role of HIF-1α and FoxO3a in cardiomyocyte apoptosis subjected to hypoxia plus elevated glucose levels. Using gene specific small interfering RNAs (siRNA), semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), western blot, immunofluorescence, nuclear and cytosolic localization and TUNEL assay techniques, we determined that combined function of HIF-1α and FoxO3a under high glucose plus hypoxia condition lead to enhanced expression of BNIP3 inducing cardiomyocyte death. Our results highlighted the importance of the synergistic role of HIF-1α and FoxO3a in cardiomyocyte death which may add insight into therapeutic approaches to pathophysiology associated with ischemic diabetic cardiomyopathies. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via Alexandros G.Sfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2yo795w
via IFTTT

Pioglitazone inhibits cancer cell growth through STAT3 inhibition and enhanced AIF expression via a PPARγ-independent pathway

Abstract

Pioglitazone is an anti-diabetic agent that belongs to the thiazolidinedione class, which target peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), a transcription factor in the nuclear receptor family. Different cancer cells expressing high levels of PPARγ and PPARγ ligands induce cell cycle arrest, cell differentiation, and apoptosis. However, the mechanisms underlying these processes remain unknown. Here, we investigated the mechanism underlying pioglitazone-induced apoptosis in human cancer cells. We showed that at similar concentrations, pioglitazone induced death in cancer cells expressing high or low levels of PPARγ. Combined treatment of pioglitazone and GW9662, a PPARγ antagonist, did not rescue this cell death phenotype. Z-VAD-fmk, a pan-caspase inhibitor, did not reverse pioglitazone-induced apoptosis in cancer cells expressing PPARγ at high or low levels. Pioglitazone suppressed the activation of signal transducers and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and Survivin expression, and enhanced the apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) levels in these cells. Furthermore, pioglitazone enhanced the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin and oxaliplatin by suppressing Survivin and increasing AIF expression. These results indicated that pioglitazone induced apoptosis via a PPARγ-independent pathway, thus describing pioglitazone as a potential therapeutic agent for controlling the progression of different cancers. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via Alexandros G.Sfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2xFCblY
via IFTTT

Annexin A1, Annexin A2, and Dyrk 1B are upregulated during GAS1-induced cell cycle arrest

Abstract

GAS1 is a pleiotropic protein that has been investigated because of its ability to induce cell proliferation, cell arrest, and apoptosis, depending on the cellular or the physiological context in which it is expressed. At this point, we have information about the molecular mechanisms by which GAS1 induces proliferation and apoptosis; but very few studies have been focused on elucidating the mechanisms by which GAS1 induces cell arrest. With the aim of expanding our knowledge on this subject, we first focused our research on finding proteins that were preferentially expressed in cells arrested by serum deprivation. By using a proteomics approach and mass spectrometry analysis, we identified 17 proteins in the 2-DE protein profile of serum deprived NIH3T3 cells. Among them, Annexin A1 (Anxa1), Annexin A2 (Anxa2), dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1B (Dyrk1B) and Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3, F (eIf3f) were upregulated at transcriptional level regarding proliferative NIH3T3 cells. Moreover, we demonstrated that Anxa1, Anxa2, and Dyrk1b are upregulated at both the transcriptional and translational levels by the overexpression of GAS1. Thus, our results suggest that the upregulation of Anxa1, Anxa2, and Dyrk1b could be related to the ability of GAS1 to induce cell arrest and maintain cell viability. Finally, we provided further evidence showing that GAS1 through Dyrk 1B leads not only to the arrest of NIH3T3 cells but also maintains cell viability. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via Alexandros G.Sfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2yo5xsD
via IFTTT

MiR-145-5p inhibits proliferation and inflammatory responses of RMC through regulating AKT/GSK pathway by targeting CXCL16

Abstract

The main pathological characteristics of chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) are diffuse mesangial cells proliferation and inflammatory responses. Our previous studies have confirmed that miR-145-5p was abnormally elevated in CGN rats, but its mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the mechanism of miR-145-5p in regulation of renal mesangial cells proliferation and inflammatory responses. In vivo study, the cationic bovine serum albumin(C-BSA)-induced CGN rat model was established, and the content of miR-145-5p in renal was examined by qRT-PCR, meanwhile, we also determined the renal function and inflammatory infiltrate. In vitro, the cell proliferation rate, cell cycle and inflammatory changes of rat mesangial cells (RMCs) were measured. Our results suggested that miR-145-5p extended the G0-G1 phase, shortened S phase, inhibited cell proliferation and suppressed inflammatory responses in RMCs. Moreover, miR-145-5p inhibited CXCL16 protein expression through binding the 3'-UTR of CXCL16, suppressed AKT/GSK signaling pathway, and decreased expression of inflammation related mRNAs, such as IL-1α, IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α mRNAs. Further, locking CXCL16 alleviated inflammatory reactions and down-regulated AKT/GSK pathway in RMCs. Above all, we concluded that miR-145-5p inhibited proliferation and inflammatory responses of RMCs through regulation of AKT/GSK pathway by targeting CXCL16. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via Alexandros G.Sfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2ynXooe
via IFTTT

Transcription Factor HMG Box-containing Protein 1 (HBP1) Modulates Mitotic Clonal Expansion (MCE) during Adipocyte Differentiation

Abstract

Transcription factor HMG box-containing protein 1 (HBP1) has been found to be up-regulated in rat adipose tissue and differentiated preadipocyte; however, how HBP1 is involved in adipocyte formation remains unclear. In the present study, we demonstrated that under a standard differentiation protocol HBP1 expression fluctuates with down-regulation in the mitotic clonal expansion (MCE) stage followed by up-regulation in the terminal differentiation stage in both 3T3-L1 and MEF cell models. Also, HBP1 knockdown accelerated cell cycle progression in the MCE stage, but it impaired final adipogenesis. To gain further insight into the role of HBP1 in the MCE stage, we found that the HBP1 expression pattern is reciprocal to that of C/EBPβ, and ectopic expression of HBP1suppresses C/EBPβ expression. These data indicate that HBP1 functions as a negative regulator of MCE. In contrast, when HBP1 expression was gradually elevated along with a concomitant induction of C/EBPα at the end of the MCE, HBP1 knockdown leads to a significant reduction of C/EBPα expression, suggesting that HBP1-mediated C/EBPα expression may be needed for the termination of the cell cycle at the end of MCE for terminal differentiation. All told, our findings show that HBP1 is a key transcription factor in the already complicated regulatory cascade during adipocyte differentiation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via Alexandros G.Sfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2xFotiT
via IFTTT

Estrogen regulates stemness and senescence of bone marrow stromal cells to prevent osteoporosis via ERβ-SATB2 pathway

Abstract

Decline of pluripotency in bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) associated with estrogen deficiency leads to a bone formation defect in osteoporosis. Special AT-rich sequence binding protein 2 (SATB2) is crucial for maintaining stemness and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. However, whether SATB2 is involved in estrogen-deficiency associated-osteoporosis is largely unknown. In this study, we found that estrogen mediated pluripotency and senescence of BMSCs, primarily through estrogen receptor beta (ERβ). BMSCs from the OVX rats displayed increased senescence and weaker SATB2 expression, stemness, and osteogenic differentiation, while estrogen could rescue these phenotypes. Inhibition of ERβ or ERα confirmed that SATB2 was associated with ERβ in estrogen-mediated pluripotency and senescence of BMSCs. Furthermore, estrogen mediated the upregulation of SATB2 through the induction of ERβ binding to estrogen response elements (ERE) located at -488 of the SATB2 gene. SATB2 overexpression alleviated senescence and enhanced stemness and osteogenic differentiation of OVX-BMSCs. SATB2-modified BMSCs transplantation could prevent trabecular bone loss in an ovariectomized rat model. Collectively, our study revealed the role of SATB2 in stemness, senescence and osteogenesis of OVX-BMSCs. Collectively, these results indicate that estrogen prevents osteoporosis by promoting stemness and osteogenesis and inhibiting senescence of BMSCs through an ERβ-SATB2 pathway. Therefore, SATB2 is a novel anti-osteoporosis target gene. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via Alexandros G.Sfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2yo7aqk
via IFTTT

The Small Molecule AU14022 Promotes Colorectal Cancer Cell Death via p53-mediated G2/M-phase Arrest and Mitochondria-mediated Apoptosis

ABSTRACT

The p53 tumor suppressor plays critical roles in cell cycle regulation and apoptotic cell death, with its activation capable of sensitizing cancer cells to radiotherapy or chemotherapy. To identify small molecules that induce apoptosis via increased p53 transcriptional activity, we used a novel in-house library containing 96 small-molecule compounds. Using a cell-based screening method with a p53-responsive luciferase-reporter assay system involving benzoxazole derivatives, we found that AU14022 administration significantly increased p53 transcriptional activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment with AU14022 increased p53 protein expression, p53 Ser15 phosphorylation, p53-mediated expression of downstream target genes, and apoptosis in p53-wild-type HCT116 human colon cancer cells, but not in p53-knockout HCT116 cells. Additionally, p53-wild-type HCT116 cells treated with AU14022 exhibited mitochondrial dysfunction, including modulated expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 family proteins and cytochrome c release. Combination treatment with AU14022 and ionizing radiation (IR) synergistically induced apoptosis as compared with IR or AU14022 treatment alone, with further investigation demonstrating that cell cycle progression was significantly arrested at the G2/M phase following AU14022 treatment. Furthermore, in a mouse p53-wild-type HCT116 colon cancer xenograft model, combined treatment with AU14022 and IR inhibited tumor growth more effectively than radiation alone. Therefore, AU14022 treatment induced apoptosis through p53-mediated cell cycle arrest involving mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to enhanced radiosensitivity in colon cancer cells. These results provide a basis for further assessments of AU14022 as a promising anticancer agent. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via Alexandros G.Sfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2xFn6kc
via IFTTT

Genetic and epigenetic factors influencing vitamin D status

Abstract

The global prevalence of vitamin D deficiency appears to be increasing, and the impact of this on human health is important because of the association of vitamin D insufficiency with increased risk of osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease and some cancers. There are few studies on the genetic factors that can influence vitamin D levels. In particular, the data from twin and family-based studies have reported that circulating vitamin D concentrations are partially determined by genetic factors. Moreover, it has been shown that genetic variants (e.g., mutation) and alteration (e.g., deletion, amplification, inversion) in genes involved in the metabolism, catabolism, transport, or binding of vitamin D to it receptor, might affect vitamin D level. However, the underlying genetic determinants of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D] concentrations remain to be elucidated. Furthermore, the association between epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation and vitamin D level has now been reported in several studies. The aim of current review was to provide an overview of the possible value of loci associated to vitamin D metabolism, catabolism, and transport as well epigenetic modification and environmental factors influencing vitamin D status. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via Alexandros G.Sfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2yodq1q
via IFTTT

Mesalazine treatment in organotypic culture of celiac patients: Comparative study with gluten free diet

Abstract

Given the central role of gluten in the pathogenesis of celiac disease (CD), a strict gluten-free diet (GFD) is the only validated treatment able to restore epithelium integrity and eliminate risks of complications. The risk of gluten contamination and the persistence of inflammation, even in patients strictly adhering to GFD, may render this treatment not always effective claiming the necessity of different new solutions. Oxidative and nitrosative stress have been indicated to play a pathophysiological role in CD. Mesalazine (5-ASA), a drug largely used in inflammatory bowel disease, has potent antinflammatory and antioxidant effects. In fact, mesalazine has been shown to decrease in vitro gluten induced cytokine response and it has been used in vivo in some refractory condition. However, its effect has never compared to that of GFD. The present study aimed to address this issue by comparing the ability of mesalazine and GFD in treating gluten-induced inflammation and oxidative stress. These effects were studied on duodenal mucosa biopsy cultures from newly diagnosed CD patients, treated or not in vitro with mesalazine, and CD biopsy cultures from patients on gluten-free diet for at least one year; and a cohort of controls constituted by healty subjects. On these models, the antioxidant cellular defences, the PPARγ, NF-kB and NOS2 proteins levels were studied. This study shows that mesalazine is as effective as GFD in reducing oxidative burst and inducing PPARγ expression; moreover it resulted more effective than GFD in decreasing NF-kB and NOS2 to the levels of controls. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via Alexandros G.Sfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2xFbcae
via IFTTT

LncRNA DGCR5 promotes lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) progression via inhibiting hsa-mir-22-3p

Abstract

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) serve critical roles in the pathogenesis of various cancers, including lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Herein, in this study, we aimed to investigate the biological and clinical significance of lncRNA DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 5 (DGCR5) in LUAD. It was observed that DGCR5 was upregulated in LUAD tissues and LUAD cell lines. Inhibition of DGCR5 can prevent LUAD progression via playing anti-apoptosis roles. Both mRNA expression and protein levels of BCL-2 were increased by DGCR5 downregulation while reversely BAX was increased. Additionally, a novel microRNA target of DGCR5, hsa-mir-22-3p was identified through bioinformatics search and confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter system. Gain and loss-of-function studies were performed to verify whether DGCR5 exerts its biological functions through regulating hsa-mir-22-3p in vitro. Overexpression of DGCR5 was able to reverse the tumor inhibitory effect of hsa-mir-22-3p mimics. Furthermore, in vivo tests tumor xenografts were established to detect the function of DGCR5 in LADU tumorigenesis. Downregulated DGCR5 expression was greatly associated with smaller tumor size, implying a favorable prognosis of LADU patients. Taken these together, DGCR5 could be considered as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in LADU diagnosis and treatment. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via Alexandros G.Sfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2yo1wEx
via IFTTT

The influence of registered nurses and nurse practitioners on patient experience with primary care: results from the Canadian QUALICO-PC study

Publication date: Available online 5 October 2017
Source:Health Policy
Author(s): Mehdi Ammi, Sarah Ambrose, Bill Hogg, Sabrina Wong
Nurses, whether registered nurses (RNs) or nurse practitioners (NPs), are becoming key providers of primary care services. While evidence for the influence of NPs on patient experience in primary care is mounting, this is less so for RNs. We use the Canadian component of the international Quality and Costs of Primary Care 2013/14 survey to investigate the mechanisms by which nurses can affect patients' experience in primary care, focusing on accessibility and appropriateness of care. The data allow us to distinguish between family practice RNs, specialised RNs and NPs, and covers all types of patients visiting a primary care clinic in a variety of contexts in all Canadian provinces. In addition to the types of nurses and full-time equivalent (FTE) numbers, we explore the role of nurse autonomy and collaboration. Our regression results show that one of the most important predictors of patient experience is the collaboration between health professionals, whereas nurse staffing in terms of FTE numbers has little influence by itself. Different types of nurses influence different dimensions of accessibility, and the association between patient experience and nurse staffing depends on the number of physicians in the clinic. Our results can inform decision-makers on how to strengthen primary care provision, and particularly in Canadian context, the adaptation of the recently implemented interprofessional primary care teams.



from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via Alexandros G.Sfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2xFaTvO
via IFTTT

PAP/REG3A favors perineural invasion in pancreatic adenocarcinoma and serves as a prognostic marker

Abstract

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a fatal and insidious malignant disease for which clinicians' tools are restricted by the current limits in knowledge of how tumor and stromal cells act during the disease. Among PDA hallmarks, neural remodeling (NR) and perineural invasion (PNI) drastically influence quality of life and patient survival. Indeed, NR and PNI are associated with neuropathic pain and metastasis, respectively, both of which impact clinicians' decisions and therapeutic options. The aim of this study was to determine the impact and clinical relevance of the peritumoral microenvironment, through pancreatitis-associated protein (PAP/REG3A) expression, on PNI in pancreatic cancer. First, we demonstrated that, in PDA, PAP/REG3A is produced by inflamed acinar cells from the peritumoral microenvironment and then enhances the migratory and invasive abilities of cancer cells. More specifically, using perineural ex vivo assays we revealed that PAP/REG3A favors PNI through activation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in cancer cells. Finally, we analyzed the level of PAP/REG3A in blood from healthy donors or patients with PDA from three independent cohorts. Patients with high levels of PAP/REG3A had overall shorter survival as well as poor surgical outcomes with reduced disease-free survival. Our study provides a rationale for using the PAP/REG3A level as a biomarker to improve pancreatic cancer prognosis. It also suggests that therapeutic targeting of PAP/REG3A activity in PDA could limit tumor cell aggressiveness and PNI.

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via Alexandros G.Sfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2g8DkMC
via IFTTT

Molecularly targeted therapies for p53-mutant cancers

Abstract

The tumor suppressor p53 is lost or mutated in approximately half of human cancers. Mutant p53 not only loses its anti-tumor transcriptional activity, but also often acquires oncogenic functions to promote tumor proliferation, invasion, and drug resistance. Traditional strategies have been taken to directly target p53 mutants through identifying small molecular compounds to deplete mutant p53, or to restore its tumor suppressive function. Accumulating evidence suggest that cancer cells with mutated p53 often exhibit specific functional dependencies on secondary genes or pathways to survive, providing alternative targets to indirectly treat p53-mutant cancers. Targeting these genes or pathways, critical for survival in the presence of p53 mutations, holds great promise for cancer treatment. In addition, mutant p53 often exhibits novel gain-of-functions to promote tumor growth and metastasis. Here, we review and discuss strategies targeting mutant p53, with focus on targeting the mutant p53 protein directly, and on the progress of identifying genes and pathways required in p53-mutant cells.

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via Alexandros G.Sfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2ygBHab
via IFTTT

IP 3 receptor signaling and endothelial barrier function

Abstract

The endothelium, a monolayer of endothelial cells lining vessel walls, maintains tissue-fluid homeostasis by restricting the passage of the plasma proteins and blood cells into the interstitium. The ion Ca²⁺, a ubiquitous secondary messenger, initiates signal transduction events in endothelial cells that is critical to control of vascular tone and endothelial permeability. The ion Ca²⁺ is stored inside the intracellular organelles and released into the cytosol in response to environmental cues. The inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP₃) messenger facilitates Ca²⁺ release through IP₃ receptors which are Ca²⁺-selective intracellular channels located within the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum. Binding of IP₃ to the IP₃Rs initiates assembly of IP₃R clusters, a key event responsible for amplification of Ca²⁺ signals in endothelial cells. This review discusses emerging concepts related to architecture and dynamics of IP₃R clusters, and their specific role in propagation of Ca²⁺ signals in endothelial cells.

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via Alexandros G.Sfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2g8Djbw
via IFTTT

Improvements in Quality-Adjusted Life Years and Cost–Utility After Pharmacotherapy for Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder: A Retrospective Study

Abstract

Background and Objective

To investigate the cost-effectiveness of pharmacotherapy for premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), a relatively new classification of depressive disorder that is characterized by recurrent depression during the premenstrual phase of the menstrual cycle.

Methods

We performed a retrospective analysis of data from 49 previously untreated PMDD patients who visited our psychiatric department between October 2013 and February 2016 and received pharmacotherapy for 3 or 6 subsequent menstrual cycles. Quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were estimated across individual menstrual cycles using mean EuroQoL-5D values. Direct costs per patient were estimated in order to conduct a preliminary cost-effectiveness analysis.

Results

Pharmacotherapy produced a 0.190-point increase in mean EuroQoL-5D score per menstrual cycle after 6 menstrual cycles and an improvement of approximately 0.2 QALYs. Based on direct costs of 156,000 yen per patient, the cost-effectiveness of pharmacotherapy was calculated to be 823,000 yen per QALY. A cost-effectiveness acceptability curve analysis indicated that escitalopram tended to be superior to sertraline when willingness to pay per QALY was over 4,000,000 yen, whereas sertraline was superior when willingness to pay was below 2,000,000 yen.

Conclusions

Pharmacotherapy is cost effective for the treatment of PMDD. Moreover, escitalopram is a more cost-effective option than sertraline when willingness to pay is sufficiently high.

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via Alexandros G.Sfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2ykUDSN
via IFTTT

A Helicobacter pylori Vacuolating Cytotoxin A: Mouse DHFR Fusion Protein Triggers Dye Release from Liposomes

Abstract

The membrane perturbing action of the VacA toxin from Helicobacter pylori is responsible for vacuole formation in intracellular compartments and the induction of apoptosis. The VacA toxin contains 2 major domains, p33 and p55, which are involved in receptor binding and membrane pore formation, respectively. Improved methodologies for VacA purification and assays are urgently needed for further detailed investigations on the mechanism of action of this significant virulence factor. We found that by fusing mouse DHFR with the N-terminus of the full-length (p88) VacA toxin, expression levels in recombinant E. coli were substantially increased when compared to the conventional (His)₆-tagged protein. The DHFR-VacA fusion protein was active in sulforhodamine dye-release assays using liposomes at acidic pH in a concentration-dependent manner. Enzymatic activity of DHFR in the fusion protein was comparable to a commercial reference sample of purified DHFR; however, activity was insensitive to inhibition by methotrexate. Our findings suggest that the VacA p88 toxin with a modified N-terminus still maintains its capability for membrane insertion and that pH-dependent conformational changes occur during interaction of VacA with membranes.

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via Alexandros G.Sfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2ynfG8P
via IFTTT

Comparative characteristic of antimicrobial resistance in geriatric hospital: a retrospective cohort study

Abstract

Background and aims

To examine antimicrobial resistance of commonly isolated pathogens in elderly hospitalized patients.

Methods

Data regarding all clinically significant isolates from blood and urine cultures of patients admitted to a multilevel geriatric hospital during March 2015 to April 2016 were collected. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed according to Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute guidelines.

Results

Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the most common isolates, with proportions of extended spectrum beta-lactamase positivity of 60, 40, and 61% respectively. Adjusted logistic regression models indicated that resistance of Escherichia coli to ceftriaxone [odds ratio (OR) 2.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5–5.1], ceftazidime (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.5–5.1), ciprofloxacin (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.2–4.0), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.2–4.3), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.4–4.3) was significantly higher in skilled nursing wards than in acute geriatric wards. Resistance of Proteus mirabilis to ceftriaxone (OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.5–6.4) and Klebsiella pneumoniae to ciprofloxacin (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.3–7.9) was significantly higher in skilled nursing wards than in acute wards.

Conclusions and discussion

Antimicrobial resistance was found to be high in a multilevel geriatric hospital, especially in skilled nursing wards. These findings call for rethinking of the empirical antimicrobial therapy and of the efforts for prevention of nosocomial infection.

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via Alexandros G.Sfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2giBuMP
via IFTTT

Implant-oriented navigation in orbital reconstruction. Part 1: technique and accuracy study

Publication date: Available online 14 October 2017
Source:International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Author(s): R. Schreurs, L. Dubois, A.G. Becking, T.J.J. Maal
Intraoperative navigation is frequently used to assess the position of the implant in orbital reconstruction. Interpretation of the feedback from the navigation system to a three-dimensional position of the implant needs to be done by the surgeon, and feedback is only gathered after the implant has been positioned. An implant-oriented navigation approach is proposed, with real-time intuitive feedback during insertion. A technical framework was set up for implant-oriented navigation, with requirements for planning, implant tracking, and feedback. A dedicated navigation instrument was designed and a software tool was developed in order to meet the technical requirements. An accuracy study was performed to investigate the accuracy of the method in comparison to the regular navigation pointer. A proof of concept was provided. The results showed a translation error of 1.12–1.15mm for implant-oriented navigation with regular registration (pointer 0.71–0.98mm) and 0.81mm with accurate registration (pointer 0.54mm). Rotational error was found to be small (<3°). Quantitative and intuitive qualitative feedback could be provided to the surgeon in real-time during insertion of an orbital implant. Following this proof of concept and accuracy study, the implications for the clinical workflow should be evaluated. An implant-oriented approach may form the foundation for augmented reality or robotic-aided implant insertion.



from ! ORL Sfakianakis via paythelady.61 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2wVnZpo
via IFTTT

Implant-oriented navigation in orbital reconstruction. Part 1: technique and accuracy study

Publication date: Available online 14 October 2017
Source:International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Author(s): R. Schreurs, L. Dubois, A.G. Becking, T.J.J. Maal
Intraoperative navigation is frequently used to assess the position of the implant in orbital reconstruction. Interpretation of the feedback from the navigation system to a three-dimensional position of the implant needs to be done by the surgeon, and feedback is only gathered after the implant has been positioned. An implant-oriented navigation approach is proposed, with real-time intuitive feedback during insertion. A technical framework was set up for implant-oriented navigation, with requirements for planning, implant tracking, and feedback. A dedicated navigation instrument was designed and a software tool was developed in order to meet the technical requirements. An accuracy study was performed to investigate the accuracy of the method in comparison to the regular navigation pointer. A proof of concept was provided. The results showed a translation error of 1.12–1.15mm for implant-oriented navigation with regular registration (pointer 0.71–0.98mm) and 0.81mm with accurate registration (pointer 0.54mm). Rotational error was found to be small (<3°). Quantitative and intuitive qualitative feedback could be provided to the surgeon in real-time during insertion of an orbital implant. Following this proof of concept and accuracy study, the implications for the clinical workflow should be evaluated. An implant-oriented approach may form the foundation for augmented reality or robotic-aided implant insertion.



from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via Alexandros G.Sfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2wVnZpo
via IFTTT

SHOCKING: People in Blackburn five times more likely to receive bad dental treatment

The research by by specialist dental negligence solicitors, the Dental Law Partnership, also suggests that the North West is the worst region in England and Wales for bad dental work . The research was based on an analysis of 1,884 successful claims that the Dental Law Partnership made against dentists on behalf of patients between 2013 and 2017.

from ! ORL Sfakianakis via paythelady.61 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2xF5Wn6
via IFTTT

Burden of migraine in a Kuwaiti population: a door-to-door survey

Migraine prevalence and disability imprints on Kuwaiti population are underreported. We aimed to measure the prevalence of migraine and to assess its burden in Kuwait.

from ! ORL Sfakianakis via paythelady.61 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2zn26ki
via IFTTT

Regression and multivariate models for predicting particulate matter concentration level

Abstract

The devastating health effects of particulate matter (PM₁₀) exposure by susceptible populace has made it necessary to evaluate PM₁₀ pollution. Meteorological parameters and seasonal variation increases PM₁₀ concentration levels, especially in areas that have multiple anthropogenic activities. Hence, stepwise regression (SR), multiple linear regression (MLR) and principal component regression (PCR) analyses were used to analyse daily average PM₁₀ concentration levels. The analyses were carried out using daily average PM₁₀ concentration, temperature, humidity, wind speed and wind direction data from 2006 to 2010. The data was from an industrial air quality monitoring station in Malaysia. The SR analysis established that meteorological parameters had less influence on PM₁₀ concentration levels having coefficient of determination (R ²) result from 23 to 29% based on seasoned and unseasoned analysis. While, the result of the prediction analysis showed that PCR models had a better R ² result than MLR methods. The results for the analyses based on both seasoned and unseasoned data established that MLR models had R ² result from 0.50 to 0.60. While, PCR models had R ² result from 0.66 to 0.89. In addition, the validation analysis using 2016 data also recognised that the PCR model outperformed the MLR model, with the PCR model for the seasoned analysis having the best result. These analyses will aid in achieving sustainable air quality management strategies.

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via Alexandros G.Sfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2wU8cXV
via IFTTT

Evaluation of speech reception threshold in noise in young Cochlear™ Nucleus® system 6 implant recipients using two different digital remote microphone technologies and a speech enhancement sound processing algorithm

Publication date: December 2017
Source:International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Volume 103
Author(s): Sergio Razza, Monica Zaccone, Aannalisa Meli, Eliana Cristofari
ObjectiveChildren affected by hearing loss can experience difficulties in challenging and noisy environments even when deafness is corrected by Cochlear implant (CI) devices. These patients have a selective attention deficit in multiple listening conditions. At present, the most effective ways to improve the performance of speech recognition in noise consists of providing CI processors with noise reduction algorithms and of providing patients with bilateral CIs.The aim of this study was to compare speech performances in noise, across increasing noise levels, in CI recipients using two kinds of wireless remote-microphone radio systems that use digital radio frequency transmission: the Roger Inspiro accessory and the Cochlear Wireless Mini Microphone accessory.MethodsEleven Nucleus Cochlear CP910 CI young user subjects were studied. The signal/noise ratio, at a speech reception threshold (SRT) value of 50%, was measured in different conditions for each patient: with CI only, with the Roger or with the MiniMic accessory. The effect of the application of the SNR-noise reduction algorithm in each of these conditions was also assessed. The tests were performed with the subject positioned in front of the main speaker, at a distance of 2.5 m. Another two speakers were positioned at 3.50 m. The main speaker at 65 dB issued disyllabic words. Babble noise signal was delivered through the other speakers, with variable intensity.ResultsThe use of both wireless remote microphones improved the SRT results. Both systems improved gain of speech performances. The gain was higher with the Mini Mic system (SRT = −4.76) than the Roger system (SRT = −3.01). The addition of the NR algorithm did not statistically further improve the results.ConclusionThere is significant improvement in speech recognition results with both wireless digital remote microphone accessories, in particular with the Mini Mic system when used with the CP910 processor. The use of a remote microphone accessory surpasses the benefit of application of NR algorithm.



from ! ORL Sfakianakis via paythelady.61 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2zmBy2P
via IFTTT

Newborn hearing screening failure and maternal factors during pregnancy

Publication date: December 2017
Source:International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Volume 103
Author(s): Yehuda Schwarz, Gabriel N. Kaufman, Sam J. Daniel
ObjectiveTemporary conductive hearing loss due to amniotic fluid accumulation in the middle ear cavity may lead to failure (false positive) in newborn hearing screening tests.The aim of this study was to identify whether amniotic fluid index has association with failure of the initial newborn otoacoustic emission (OAE) screening test.MethodsA cohort study in a tertiary hospital center (Royal Victoria Hospital, Montréal) was constructed from 70 newborns that failed the OAE test, but passed a subsequent auditory brainstem response (ABR) test, and 75 randomly selected newborns that passed initial otoacoustic emission testing. Maternal (including the amniotic fluid index in the third trimester) and newborn clinical data were extracted from medical records. Statistical association models were built to determine variables that influenced hearing screen passage or failure.ResultsThe two arms of the cohort had no significant differences in maternal or child clinical indices, including in amniotic fluid index. Calculated as individual odds ratios, maternal tobacco [95% CI of odds ratio: 0.04, 0.59, p = 0.0078], and drug use [95% CI of odds ratio: 0.0065, 0.72, p = 0.058] [borderline significance] were associated with failing the otoacoustic emission testing.ConclusionsAmniotic fluid index was not found to be associated with failure of otoacoustic emission screening in newborns. However, our study unveiled an interesting unexpected association of OAE failure with maternal smoking and/or drug use. This finding can help alleviate some of the time, cost and parental anxiety related to failed OAE screening.In selected cases of maternal smoking or drug use we might want to replace or add OAE to the ABR test in newborn hearing screening protocols, that don't perform both tests before discharge.



from ! ORL Sfakianakis via paythelady.61 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2z8C8QW
via IFTTT

Parental knowledge and attitudes to childhood hearing loss and hearing services in the Solomon Islands

Publication date: December 2017
Source:International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Volume 103
Author(s): Annette Kaspar, Obiga Newton, Joseph Kei, Carlie Driscoll, De Wet Swanepoel, Helen Goulios
ObjectiveAn understanding of parental knowledge and attitudes towards childhood hearing loss is essential to the successful implementation of audiology services. The present study aimed to investigate parental knowledge and attitudes among parents in the Solomon Islands.Methods and materialsA total of 100 mothers and 50 fathers were administered a questionnaire via semi-structured interviews.ResultsHighest parental awareness of aetiology of childhood hearing loss was noted for otitis media (94%), noise exposure (87.3%), and family history (72.7%). The highest parental awareness concerning public health initiatives to reduce/prevent otitis media was noted for routine childhood immunizations (84%) and breast-feeding (76%). Higher rates of knowledge in fathers than in mothers included otitis media (p = 0.038), noise exposure (p = 0.007), and breast-feeding (p = 0.031). Approximately half of parents (56%) agreed that curses may cause hearing loss. Overall parental responses showed positive support for infant hearing screening programs (96%) and school-based ear and hearing health examinations (99.3%).ConclusionsHigh levels of parental readiness and support for childhood hearing services in the Solomon Islands was evident. Knowledge of aetiology of childhood hearing loss was highest for otitis media, noise exposure, and family history. Knowledge and attitudes of fathers to childhood hearing loss and hearing services was either the same or better than that of mothers.



from ! ORL Sfakianakis via paythelady.61 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2ykAmNn
via IFTTT

Uncharacterized ORF HUR1 influences the efficiency of non-homologous end-joining repair in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Publication date: 10 January 2018
Source:Gene, Volume 639
Author(s): Katayoun Omidi, Matthew Jessulat, Mohsen Hooshyar, Daniel Burnside, Andrew Schoenrock, Tom Kazmirchuk, Maryam Hajikarimlou, Mary Daniel, Houman Moteshareie, Urvi Bhojoo, Megan Sanders, Dindial Ramotar, Frank Dehne, Bahram Samanfar, Mohan Babu, Ashkan Golshani
Non-Homologous End Joining (NHEJ) is a highly conserved pathway that repairs Double-Strand Breaks (DSBs) within DNA. Here we show that the deletion of yeast uncharacterized ORF HUR1, Hydroxyurea Resistance1 affects the efficiency of NHEJ. Our findings are supported by Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI), genetic interaction and drug sensitivity analyses. To assess the activity of HUR1 in DSB repair, we deleted its non-overlapping region with PMR1, referred to as HUR1-A. We observed that similar to deletion of TPK1 and NEJ1, and unlike YKU70 (important for NHEJ of DNA with overhang and not blunt end), deletion of HUR1-A reduced the efficiency of NHEJ in both overhang and blunt end plasmid repair assays. Similarly, a chromosomal repair assay showed a reduction for repair efficiency when HUR1-A was deleted. In agreement with a functional connection for Hur1p with Tpk1p and NEJ1p, double mutant strains Δhur1-A/Δtpk1, and Δhur1-A/Δnej1 showed the same reduction in the efficiency of plasmid repair, compared to both single deletion strains. Also, using a Homologous Recombination (HR) specific plasmid-based DSB repair assay we observed that deletion of HUR1-A influenced the efficiency of HR repair, suggesting that HUR1 might also play additional roles in other DNA repair pathways.



from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via Alexandros G.Sfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2gjznZ4
via IFTTT

Reversible profound sensorineural hearing loss due to propranolol sensitive hemangioma in an infant with PHACE syndrome

Publication date: December 2017
Source:International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Volume 103
Author(s): John N. Bangiyev, Richard Gurgel, Sheryll L. Vanderhooft, J. Fredrik Grimmer
PHACE syndrome is the association of large or segmental infantile hemangiomas of the face or scalp with abnormalities within the posterior fossa, arteries, cardiovascular system, and eyes. We present a case of reversible profound sensorineural hearing loss due to a cerebellopontine angle infantile hemangioma that was successfully treated with propranolol.



from ! ORL Sfakianakis via paythelady.61 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2ylOZA4
via IFTTT

Evaluation of speech reception threshold in noise in young Cochlear™ Nucleus® system 6 implant recipients using two different digital remote microphone technologies and a speech enhancement sound processing algorithm

Publication date: December 2017
Source:International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Volume 103
Author(s): Sergio Razza, Monica Zaccone, Aannalisa Meli, Eliana Cristofari
ObjectiveChildren affected by hearing loss can experience difficulties in challenging and noisy environments even when deafness is corrected by Cochlear implant (CI) devices. These patients have a selective attention deficit in multiple listening conditions. At present, the most effective ways to improve the performance of speech recognition in noise consists of providing CI processors with noise reduction algorithms and of providing patients with bilateral CIs.The aim of this study was to compare speech performances in noise, across increasing noise levels, in CI recipients using two kinds of wireless remote-microphone radio systems that use digital radio frequency transmission: the Roger Inspiro accessory and the Cochlear Wireless Mini Microphone accessory.MethodsEleven Nucleus Cochlear CP910 CI young user subjects were studied. The signal/noise ratio, at a speech reception threshold (SRT) value of 50%, was measured in different conditions for each patient: with CI only, with the Roger or with the MiniMic accessory. The effect of the application of the SNR-noise reduction algorithm in each of these conditions was also assessed. The tests were performed with the subject positioned in front of the main speaker, at a distance of 2.5 m. Another two speakers were positioned at 3.50 m. The main speaker at 65 dB issued disyllabic words. Babble noise signal was delivered through the other speakers, with variable intensity.ResultsThe use of both wireless remote microphones improved the SRT results. Both systems improved gain of speech performances. The gain was higher with the Mini Mic system (SRT = −4.76) than the Roger system (SRT = −3.01). The addition of the NR algorithm did not statistically further improve the results.ConclusionThere is significant improvement in speech recognition results with both wireless digital remote microphone accessories, in particular with the Mini Mic system when used with the CP910 processor. The use of a remote microphone accessory surpasses the benefit of application of NR algorithm.



from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via Alexandros G.Sfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2zmBy2P
via IFTTT

Newborn hearing screening failure and maternal factors during pregnancy

Publication date: December 2017
Source:International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Volume 103
Author(s): Yehuda Schwarz, Gabriel N. Kaufman, Sam J. Daniel
ObjectiveTemporary conductive hearing loss due to amniotic fluid accumulation in the middle ear cavity may lead to failure (false positive) in newborn hearing screening tests.The aim of this study was to identify whether amniotic fluid index has association with failure of the initial newborn otoacoustic emission (OAE) screening test.MethodsA cohort study in a tertiary hospital center (Royal Victoria Hospital, Montréal) was constructed from 70 newborns that failed the OAE test, but passed a subsequent auditory brainstem response (ABR) test, and 75 randomly selected newborns that passed initial otoacoustic emission testing. Maternal (including the amniotic fluid index in the third trimester) and newborn clinical data were extracted from medical records. Statistical association models were built to determine variables that influenced hearing screen passage or failure.ResultsThe two arms of the cohort had no significant differences in maternal or child clinical indices, including in amniotic fluid index. Calculated as individual odds ratios, maternal tobacco [95% CI of odds ratio: 0.04, 0.59, p = 0.0078], and drug use [95% CI of odds ratio: 0.0065, 0.72, p = 0.058] [borderline significance] were associated with failing the otoacoustic emission testing.ConclusionsAmniotic fluid index was not found to be associated with failure of otoacoustic emission screening in newborns. However, our study unveiled an interesting unexpected association of OAE failure with maternal smoking and/or drug use. This finding can help alleviate some of the time, cost and parental anxiety related to failed OAE screening.In selected cases of maternal smoking or drug use we might want to replace or add OAE to the ABR test in newborn hearing screening protocols, that don't perform both tests before discharge.



from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via Alexandros G.Sfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2z8C8QW
via IFTTT

Parental knowledge and attitudes to childhood hearing loss and hearing services in the Solomon Islands

Publication date: December 2017
Source:International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Volume 103
Author(s): Annette Kaspar, Obiga Newton, Joseph Kei, Carlie Driscoll, De Wet Swanepoel, Helen Goulios
ObjectiveAn understanding of parental knowledge and attitudes towards childhood hearing loss is essential to the successful implementation of audiology services. The present study aimed to investigate parental knowledge and attitudes among parents in the Solomon Islands.Methods and materialsA total of 100 mothers and 50 fathers were administered a questionnaire via semi-structured interviews.ResultsHighest parental awareness of aetiology of childhood hearing loss was noted for otitis media (94%), noise exposure (87.3%), and family history (72.7%). The highest parental awareness concerning public health initiatives to reduce/prevent otitis media was noted for routine childhood immunizations (84%) and breast-feeding (76%). Higher rates of knowledge in fathers than in mothers included otitis media (p = 0.038), noise exposure (p = 0.007), and breast-feeding (p = 0.031). Approximately half of parents (56%) agreed that curses may cause hearing loss. Overall parental responses showed positive support for infant hearing screening programs (96%) and school-based ear and hearing health examinations (99.3%).ConclusionsHigh levels of parental readiness and support for childhood hearing services in the Solomon Islands was evident. Knowledge of aetiology of childhood hearing loss was highest for otitis media, noise exposure, and family history. Knowledge and attitudes of fathers to childhood hearing loss and hearing services was either the same or better than that of mothers.



from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via Alexandros G.Sfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2ykAmNn
via IFTTT

Reversible profound sensorineural hearing loss due to propranolol sensitive hemangioma in an infant with PHACE syndrome

Publication date: December 2017
Source:International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Volume 103
Author(s): John N. Bangiyev, Richard Gurgel, Sheryll L. Vanderhooft, J. Fredrik Grimmer
PHACE syndrome is the association of large or segmental infantile hemangiomas of the face or scalp with abnormalities within the posterior fossa, arteries, cardiovascular system, and eyes. We present a case of reversible profound sensorineural hearing loss due to a cerebellopontine angle infantile hemangioma that was successfully treated with propranolol.



from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via Alexandros G.Sfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2ylOZA4
via IFTTT

Viruses, Vol. 9, Pages 297: MicroRNA and mRNA Dysregulation in Astrocytes Infected with Zika Virus

Viruses, Vol. 9, Pages 297: MicroRNA and mRNA Dysregulation in Astrocytes Infected with Zika Virus

Viruses doi: 10.3390/v9100297

Authors: Robert Kozak Anna Majer Mia Biondi Sarah Medina Lee Goneau Babu Sajesh Jessy Slota Vanessa Zubach Alberto Severini David Safronetz Shannon Hiebert Daniel Beniac Timothy Booth Stephanie Booth Gary Kobinger

The Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic is an ongoing public health concern. ZIKV is a flavivirus reported to be associated with microcephaly, and recent work in animal models demonstrates the ability of the virus to cross the placenta and affect fetal brain development. Recent findings suggest that the virus preferentially infects neural stem cells and thereby deregulates gene expression, cell cycle progression, and increases cell death. However, neuronal stem cells are not the only brain cells that are susceptible to ZIKV and infection of other brain cells may contribute to disease progression. Herein, we characterized ZIKV replication in astrocytes, and profiled temporal changes in host microRNAs (miRNAs) and transcriptomes during infection. We observed the deregulation of numerous processes known to be involved in flavivirus infection, including genes involved in the unfolded protein response pathway. Moreover, a number of miRNAs were upregulated, including miR-30e-3p, miR-30e-5p, and, miR-17-5p, which have been associated with other flavivirus infections. This study highlights potential miRNAs that may be of importance in ZIKV pathogenesis.

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via Alexandros G.Sfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2xES240
via IFTTT