Zirconia Primers Improve the Shear Bond Strength of Dental Zirconia

Abstract

Purpose

Various resin cements and priming agents are available for adhesive luting of zirconia restorations. The purpose of this study was to investigate how cement type and priming protocol affect the shear bond strength on zirconia ceramics.

Materials and Methods

Yttria‐stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline ceramic cylinders were bonded to flat zirconia ceramic surfaces using 7 commercially available resin cements. Ten specimens of each cement group were pre‐treated with a universal primer, and 10 specimens per group were bonded without pre‐treatment. In addition, 10 specimens per group were pre‐treated with system‐specific zirconia primers, which were available for 3 cements. Altogether 170 bonded specimens were water‐stored, thermal‐cycled, and then submitted to shear bond strength tests. The shear bond strength and the fracture types were documented. Differences in shear bond strengths were assessed using 2‐way ANOVA with post‐hoc test (α = 0.05). A point‐biserial correlation was run between the fracture patterns and the shear bond strengths.

Results

The mean shear bond strengths of cements in the un‐primed group showed large variations between 2.52 ± 3.01 (Mean ± SD) MPa and 33.15 ± 7.35 MPa. Pre‐treating the specimens with a universal primer improved the shear bond strengths significantly in all groups (p < 0.05) with a range of 21.80 ± 12.51 to 57.20 ± 11.40 MPa. The system‐specific primers also improved the shear bond strength significantly, compared to the un‐primed group (p < 0.01); however, only one system‐specific primer achieved a shear bond strength superior to the universal primer (p < 0.01). There was also a statistical correlation between the fracture type and the shear bond strength (p < 0.0005), with cohesively fractured specimens showing higher shear bond strengths (37.24 ± 19.87 MPa) than adhesively fractured specimens (23.10 ± 17.65 MPa) (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Using universal primer can enhance the maximal shear bond strength of zirconia.

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