Heme and Non-heme Iron on Growth Performances, Blood Parameters, Tissue Mineral Concentration, and Intestinal Morphology of Weanling Pigs

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of heme and non-heme iron sources on growth performances, blood parameters, tissue mineral concentration, and intestinal morphology in weanling pigs. At 25 days of age, 32 newly weaned piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire; 8.66 ± 0.59 kg) were allocated to one of the following dietary treatments: control group (basal diet with no extra iron addition), FeSO₄ group (basal diet + 100 mg Fe/kg as FeSO₄), Fe-Gly group (basal diet + 100 mg Fe/kg as Fe-Gly), and Heme group (basal diet + 100 mg Fe/kg as Heme). Each treatment had eight replicates and one pig per replicate. The experiment lasted for 28 days. The results showed that compared with basal diet, supplement with 100 mg/kg iron can increase ADG of the piglets, especially in the late experiment period (15~28 days). Heme significantly increased the a* value of longissimus dorsi muscle of piglets when compared with other iron sources (P < 0.05). The iron supplementations had no significant effect on hematological parameters, while Fe-Gly and heme increased pigs' serum iron content on day 28 when compared with FeSO₄ and basal diet (P < 0.05). The liver iron deposition in pigs fed Fe-Gly and heme was also higher than those fed FeSO₄ or basal diet (P < 0.05). Besides, diet supplement with iron significantly increased villus height (P < 0.05) in duodenum and it had tendency to increase villus height and crypt depth ratio in duodenum (P = 0.095). In conclusion, iron supplementation in diets can improve piglet's body iron state and intestinal development, but Fe-Gly and heme exhibited better bioavailability than traditional additive of FeSO₄.

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