Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and adipose tissue thermogenesis: bridging physiology and mechanisms [Metabolism]

Brown and beige adipose tissues can catabolize stored energy to generate heat. This unique capacity for thermogenesis could be leveraged as a therapy for metabolic disease. Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is the principal effector of adipose tissue thermogenesis, uncoupling protonmotive force from ATP synthesis to increase the rate of mitochondrial substrate oxidation and heat production. Evidence from numerous genetic models and pharmacological interventions have now demonstrated a clear signaling role for mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) in driving adipose tissue thermogenesis. Herein, we summarize the redox processes that have been shown to support thermogenic identity and function in animal and cellular models of thermogenesis. Additionally, we contextualize these findings within established principles of redox signaling, and fundamental mechanistic studies of UCP1- dependent uncoupling using in vitro models. We provide a framework for understanding the role of mitochondrial ROS signaling in thermogenesis together with testable hypotheses and new directions for understanding mechanisms and developing therapies.

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via Alexandros G.Sfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2wKzrqu
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