Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos 72100 Crete Greece,00306932607174

Κυριακή 15 Οκτωβρίου 2017

Preoperative Ultrasonographic Assessment of the Anterior Pelvic Plane for Personalized Total Hip Replacement.

Preoperative Ultrasonographic Assessment of the Anterior Pelvic Plane for Personalized Total Hip Replacement.

J Ultrasound Med. 2017 Oct 13;:

Authors: Kochman A, Goral A, Kozak J, Marek W, Morawska-Kochman M, Synder M

Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Correct positioning of the acetabular component is a key factor in minimizing the risk of dislocation after total hip replacement (THR) surgery. A "safe" orientation of the cup is usually defined by 2 angles measured between its geometric axis and the anterior pelvic plane. However, in the current state-of-the-art approach to THR surgery, the intraoperative orientation of the anterior pelvic plane cannot be measured. Even less is known about the functional orientation of the pelvis, which determines the postoperative orientation of the cup during the patient's everyday activities. The aim of this article is to present an original approach to personalized THR surgery, in which the necessary measurements are done preoperatively without interfering with the surgical work flow, and the individual orientation of the cup is obtained without navigation using standard tools that are available in the operating room.
METHODS: To quantify the effect of the anatomic conditions on the final orientation of the cup, we measured the orientation of the anterior pelvic plane in 43 patients scheduled for THR using a newly developed noninvasive method based on ultrasonography and mobile devices.
RESULTS: Our results confirm a large variability of the pelvic orientation in both supine and standing positions. We further show how this variability affects the final position of the cup and discuss its consequences for the patient. Finally, we explore a few practical solutions for individualized cup placement, including our own approach, which is based on tilting of the operating table.
CONCLUSIONS: In this work, we show that the common guidelines used today for cup implantation can only be effectively applied to a small portion of the population. In most cases, it is crucial that the orientation of the cup is readjusted for the particular anatomy of the individual patient.

PMID: 29027688 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Dilatational Tracheostomies in 2 Difficult Airways.

Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Dilatational Tracheostomies in 2 Difficult Airways.

J Ultrasound Med. 2017 Oct 13;:

Authors: Valencia JA, Romero DJ, Arango E, Cubillos JE, Mantilla HA, García-Herreros LG

Abstract
Ultrasound has become a rapid, safe, and easy-to-use tool for anesthesiologists. It reduces complications, morbidity, and mortality, especially in patients with anatomic abnormalities in whom a traditional approach may be both difficult and risky. We report 2 cases of symptomatic patients with a difficult airway due to displacement of the trachea by a neck mass. Real-time ultrasound imaging was performed for percutaneous dilatational tracheostomies, identifying important structures, without any complications.

PMID: 29027675 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Erratum: "A novel perfused Bloch-McConnell simulator for analyzing the accuracy of dynamic hyperpolarized MRS" [Med. Phys. V43, 854-864(2016)].

Erratum: "A novel perfused Bloch-McConnell simulator for analyzing the accuracy of dynamic hyperpolarized MRS" [Med. Phys. V43, 854-864(2016)].

Med Phys. 2017 Oct;44(10):5539

Authors: Walker CM, Chen Y, Lai SY, Bankson JA

PMID: 29027239 [PubMed - in process]

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Abscopal, immunological effects of radiotherapy: Narrowing the gap between clinical and preclinical experiences.

Abscopal, immunological effects of radiotherapy: Narrowing the gap between clinical and preclinical experiences.

Immunol Rev. 2017 Nov;280(1):249-279

Authors: Brix N, Tiefenthaller A, Anders H, Belka C, Lauber K

Abstract
Radiotherapy-despite being a local therapy that meanwhile is characterized by an impressively high degree of spatial accuracy-can stimulate systemic phenomena which occasionally lead to regression and rejection of non-irradiated, distant tumor lesions. These abscopal effects of local irradiation have been observed in sporadic clinical case reports since the beginning of the 20th century, and extensive preclinical work has contributed to identify systemic anti-tumor immune responses as the underlying driving forces. Although abscopal tumor regression still remains a rare event in the radiotherapeutic routine, increasing numbers of cases are being reported, particularly since the clinical implementation of immune checkpoint inhibiting agents. Accordingly, interests to systematically exploit the therapeutic potential of radiotherapy-stimulated systemic responses are constantly growing. The present review briefly delineates the history of radiotherapy-induced abscopal effects and the activation of systemic anti-tumor immune responses by local irradiation. We discuss preclinical and clinical reports with specific focus on the corresponding controversies, and we propose issues that should be addressed in the future in order to narrow the gap between preclinical knowledge and clinical experiences.

PMID: 29027221 [PubMed - in process]

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Deep lobe parotidectomy-why, when, and how?

Deep lobe parotidectomy-why, when, and how?

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2017 Oct 12;:

Authors: Olsen KD, Quer M, de Bree R, Vander Poorten V, Rinaldo A, Ferlito A

Abstract
This editorial explores the controversies concerning the surgical management of the deep portion of the parotid gland. Specifically, when should the parotid deep lobe be removed if there is metastatic cancer to a superficial parotid node or when a primary aggressive cancer is found in the superficial lobe? The background, indications, rationale, and results of removing the deep lobe nodes are reviewed. Removal of the deep lobe is done to optimize the oncologic outcome for the patient. Deep lobe parotidectomy plays an important role in the treatment of many parotid gland malignancies.

PMID: 29026985 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Objective Outcomes of Minimally Invasive Temporalis Tendon Transfer for Prolonged Complete Facial Paralysis.

Objective Outcomes of Minimally Invasive Temporalis Tendon Transfer for Prolonged Complete Facial Paralysis.

Plast Surg (Oakv). 2017 Aug;25(3):200-210

Authors: Brichacek M, Sultan B, Boahene KD, Ishii L, Byrne PJ

Abstract
OBJECTIVES: We describe an approach to reanimation of complete, prolonged facial paralysis using minimally invasive temporalis tendon transfer (MIT3) by the melolabial or transoral approach. Objective outcome measures are evaluated based on symmetry, and grading of preoperative/post-operative results and the scar at the melolabial fold.
STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study.
METHODS: Twenty-five patients undergoing the MIT3 technique were studied. Photographic analysis was used to determine the percentage of difference between the 2 sides (symmetry). Using the Delphi method to achieve consensus, a panel of experts graded pre/post-operative photos using the Terzis' Facial Grading System and a 1 to 10 Likert-type scale and the melolabial scar using the Beausang Scar Scale.
RESULTS: Percentage of difference (symmetry) with smiling improved from 18.6% ± 1.5% (mean ± standard error of the mean [SEM]) preoperatively to 5.0 ± 0.9% (mean ± SEM) post-operatively. Expert grading by the Terzis system showed improvement post-operatively (mean 3.7/5; median 3.6/5) versus preoperatively (mean 1.5/5; median 1.2/5). Perceived improvement was also largely favourable (mean 8.1/10; median 8.0/10). Melolabial scar grading was favourable in terms of colour (mean 1.53/4), surface character (mean 1.05/2), contour (mean 1.60/4), and distortion (mean 1.74/4).
CONCLUSIONS: The MIT3 technique offers immediate, predictable, and symmetrical return of smile function. Objective symmetry analysis and favourable expert grading of both pre-/post-operative photographs and the scar at the melolabial fold demonstrate applicability for facial reanimation in patients where other procedures have failed, or when a direct return to function is desired. Both the melolabial approach and transoral approach were found to be acceptable and effective, although applicability varies.

PMID: 29026828 [PubMed]

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Bilateral caudate nucleus infarcts: A case report of a rare complication following endoscopic resection of a tuberculum sellae meningioma.

Bilateral caudate nucleus infarcts: A case report of a rare complication following endoscopic resection of a tuberculum sellae meningioma.

Surg Neurol Int. 2017;8:235

Authors: Bierer J, Wolf A, Lee DH, Rotenberg BW, Duggal N

Abstract
BACKGROUND: We present a rare complication of bilateral caudate infarcts and necrosed nasoseptal flaps after endoscopic transsphenoidal resection of tuberculum sellae meningioma. This case highlights the importance of early and accurate diagnosis and treatment of a postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak and associated bacterial meningitis, and reviews any existing guidelines regarding its management.
CASE DESCRIPTION: A 54-year-old otherwise healthy man presented with progressive bitemporal hemianopsia. Magnetic resonance imaging of the head revealed a large, homogeneously enhancing sellar and suprasellar mass consistent with a meningioma. An endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach was performed to resect the tuberculum sellae meningioma. The patient developed basal bacterial meningitis secondary to a CSF leak, requiring repair on two separate occasions. At the time of both repairs, there was evidence of necrosis of the nasoseptal flaps used for the repairs. Soon after the diagnosis of meningitis, the patient developed bilateral caudate infarcts.
CONCLUSION: This report discusses the possible underlying etiologies for the bilateral caudate infarcts and necrosed flaps including bacterial meningitis with associated local vasospasm of nearby vessels resulting in infarction. This case emphasizes the importance of concise management of postendoscopic CSF leak and discusses the guidelines regarding antimicrobial therapy and the management of lumbar drains.

PMID: 29026671 [PubMed]

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Neck abscess due to Salmonella Choleraesuis: case study and literature review.

Neck abscess due to Salmonella Choleraesuis: case study and literature review.

JMM Case Rep. 2017 Aug;4(8):e005109

Authors: Sugimoto R, Suzuki H, Nei T, Tashiro A, Washio Y, Sonobe K, Nakamura Y, Wakayama N, Inai S, Izumiya H

Abstract
Introduction. We herein describe a case with a neck abscess due to non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS). NTS habitually reside in our environment and colonize all animals including mammals. Colonizations of pigs, chickens, cows and sheep are important because food poisoning episodes in human are often associated with meat. Extra-intestinal infection due to NTS has numerous presentations and complications, with aortic aneurysms being common. Case presentation. A 26-year-old Japanese male complaining of left-sided neck swelling was referred to our hospital for a suspected deep neck abscess. An enhanced computed tomography scan of the neck revealed a low density lesion in the left-sided deep neck area, and consequently the patient underwent urgent incision and drainage. After this urgent operation, Salmonella Choleraesuis was isolated from a greyish-white abscess. The patient ultimately recovered with antimicrobial administration, though re-incision for lymphadenectomy was necessary. The neck abscess may have developed because he had eaten raw meat. Furthermore, untreated diabetes mellitus was diagnosed at presentation. Conclusion.Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis infections are rare in Japan. NTS are generally recognized as important pathogens in food poisoning globally, and attention is required to avoid the development of extra-intestinal infections. In Japan, the increasing lifestyle diversity in recent years highlights the importance of recognizing rare infections.

PMID: 29026636 [PubMed]

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Nasopharyngeal carcinoma presenting as an inconspicuous primary lesion with extensive cavernous sinus involvement and temporal lobe extension: a case report and review of literature.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma presenting as an inconspicuous primary lesion with extensive cavernous sinus involvement and temporal lobe extension: a case report and review of literature.

Clin Case Rep. 2017 Oct;5(10):1682-1688

Authors: Pollard C, Mesko SM, Ginsberg LE, Kies MS, Raza SM, Su SY, Tung S, Phan J

Abstract
Detection of nodal metastasis in the neck or adjacent structures is common in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) when there is frank primary disease. Intracranial extension without obvious nasopharyngeal disease is not common. Here, we discuss a patient with NPC that presented with extensive intracranial disease with subtle findings in the nasopharynx.

PMID: 29026572 [PubMed]

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Giant Submandibular Calculus Eroding Oral Cavity Mucosa.

Giant Submandibular Calculus Eroding Oral Cavity Mucosa.

Oman Med J. 2017 Sep;32(5):432-435

Authors: Lim EH, Nadarajah S, Mohamad I

Abstract
Sialolithiasis is the formation of calculi or sialoliths in the salivary gland. It is the most common benign condition of the salivary gland. Sialolithiasis can occur in all salivary glands. The submandibular gland is most commonly affected followed by the parotid gland. Calculi commonly measure less than 10 mm. Calculi of more than 15 mm are termed giant salivary gland calculi and are infrequently reported in the literature. Here, we report a case of unusually large submandibular gland calculus of 5 cm in greatest dimension which caused erosion of the oral cavity.

PMID: 29026477 [PubMed]

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Low expression of miR-30a-5p induced the proliferation and invasion of oral cancer via promoting the expression of FAP.

Low expression of miR-30a-5p induced the proliferation and invasion of oral cancer via promoting the expression of FAP.

Biosci Rep. 2017 Oct 12;:

Authors: Ruan P, Tan A, Tao Z

Abstract
The study aimed at investigating the effects of miR-30a-5p on the biological functions of oral cancer cells and figuring out the potential mechanism. We firstly verified the low expression of miR-30a-5p and high expression of FAP (Homo sapiens fibroblast activation protein alpha) in oral cancerous tissues and their negative correlation. Then, the target relationship between miR-30a-5p and FAP was validated by dual luciferase reporter assay and biotin-coupled miRNA pulldown assay. After transfection in Tca-8113 cells and SCC-15 cells, MTT, colony formation, Transwell and wound healing assays were performed to investigate how miR-30a-5p and FAP adjusted propagation, invasiveness and migration respectively. Mounting evidences supported that MiR-30a-5p directly targeted at FAP and suppressed its expression in oral cavity cancer cells (OSCCs). By suppressing FAP expression, miR-30a-5p significantly inhibited cell propagation, migration and invasion. Therefore, miR-30a-5p might be a new therapeutic target for oral cancer treatment.

PMID: 29026005 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Is History of Periodontitis a Risk Factor for Peri-implant Disease? A Pilot Study.

Is History of Periodontitis a Risk Factor for Peri-implant Disease? A Pilot Study.

Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2017 Oct 13;:

Authors: Altay MA, Tozoğlu S, Yıldırımyan N, Özarslan MM

Abstract
PURPOSE: The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate clinical outcomes of implant treatment in periodontally compromised patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Partially edentulous patients who were diagnosed and treated for chronic periodontitis and later rehabilitated with implant-supported single crowns or fixed partial dentures were enrolled in this study. At the final follow-up, data on probing pocket depth and bleeding on probing were collected, and changes in peri-implant bone levels were assessed on periapical radiographs. Accordingly, patients were categorized into peri-implant disease-free (PID-free), peri-implant mucositis (PIM), or peri-implantitis (PI) groups. Additionally, information on the history of systemic diseases was obtained and correlated with the findings.
RESULTS: Seven females and six males with a mean age of 55.2 (standard deviation [SD] ± 8.38) years were included in this study. Fifty-five implants were placed in 13 partially edentulous patients with a history of chronic periodontitis. The mean follow-up in the study was 35.1 (SD ± 2.40) months. No implants were lost in the 13 patients, for a cumulative survival of 100%. PI was confirmed in 3 patients and PIM in 8 patients, while 2 patients were found to be PID-free. Diabetes and hypertension were found to be the predominant systemic factors among patients affected by peri-implant diseases.
CONCLUSION: Patients with a history of periodontitis are at considerable risk of being affected by peri-implant mucositis, if not by peri-implantitis.

PMID: 29028847 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Assessment of the Role of Everolimus Therapy in Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma Based on Daily Routine and Recent Research Results.

Assessment of the Role of Everolimus Therapy in Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma Based on Daily Routine and Recent Research Results.

Pathol Oncol Res. 2017 Oct 13;:

Authors: Maráz A, Csejtei A, Kocsis J, Szűcs M, Kahán Z, Bodoky G, Dank M, Mangel L, Révész J, Varga Z, Géczi L

Abstract
Everolimus is indicated for adults with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) after failure of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). Currently, the therapeutic applicability of EVE has been changing. Multicenter evaluation of efficacy and safety of everolimus in daily routine and definition of patient characteristics with favorable outcome. Data of 165 patients from 9 oncology institutes in Hungary were analyzed retrospectively. Everolimus therapy was used after one TKI in 10 mg starting dose. Physical and laboratory examinations and imaging tests were performed monthly and every 3 months, respectively. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 5.4 months. Median overall survival (OS) was 16.2 months. PFS and OS results were more favorable in patients with ECOG 0-1 (p PFS = 0.033, p OS = 0.008) and after >9 months of TKI therapy (p PFS = 0.019, p OS = 0.045). Survival was longer in nonanemic patients with ECOG 0-1 than in anemic patients with ECOG 2-3, 30.9 and 7.7 months, respectively (p = 0.029). Dose reduction and treatment delay was required in 6.2% and 8.9% of patients, respectively. Common adverse events were exanthema, edema, stomatitis, anemia, and abnormal kidney functions and glucose levels. Results of this study show that everolimus is safe and efficacious in a real-world setting. Everyday practice showed that nonanemic patients with good performance status receiving TKI therapy for >9 months are favorable candidates for this treatment. Despite the efficiency of novel, registered drugs, everolimus still plays an important role during and after second-line therapy for mRCC when availability of modern remedies is limited.

PMID: 29027615 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Osteonecrosis of the Jaws in Patient Received Bisphosphonates and Sunitinib Separately: A Case Report.

Osteonecrosis of the Jaws in Patient Received Bisphosphonates and Sunitinib Separately: A Case Report.

J Res Pharm Pract. 2017 Jul-Sep;6(3):182-185

Authors: Ashrafi F, Derakhshandeh A, Movahedian B, Moghaddas A

Abstract
Recently published reports have suggested that antiangiogenic drugs such as sunitinib could potentiate the osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) induced by bisphosphonates (BPs) and even induce this adverse effect per se. We reported a case of ONJ with renal cell carcinoma under sunitinib medication and history of BPs therapy. A 53-year-old man was referred to the oral surgery clinic complaining of painful exposed oral lesion and bone extraction from right lower jaw in the mouth. He underwent nephrectomy followed by 5 months treatment with cycles of 50 mg sunitinib (Sutent(®)) once a day for 4 weeks followed by 2 weeks drug free before lesion exposure in October 2016. However, the patient has encounter to intermittent mucositis and gingivitis in oral cavity several times. Our patient had a history of zoledronic acid (4 mg intravenously two times) administration due to primary cancer misdiagnosis. In our case, no dental procedure contributed to the occurrence of ONJ. The lesion was improved by sunitinib cessation and administration of antibiotics through 2 weeks. Mucosal injury induction as well as inhibition of angiogenic signaling pathways by sunitinib administration may have precipitated the occurrence of ONJ. In addition, a possible synergistic effect by previously BP treatment is another accused.

PMID: 29026845 [PubMed]

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Approach to recurrent fever in childhood.

Approach to recurrent fever in childhood.

Can Fam Physician. 2017 Oct;63(10):756-762

Authors: Soon GS, Laxer RM

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To provide an approach to recurrent fever in childhood, explain when infections, malignancies, and immunodeficiencies can be excluded, and describe the features of periodic fever and other autoinflammatory syndromes.
SOURCES OF INFORMATION: PubMed was searched for relevant articles regarding the pathogenesis, clinical findings, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of periodic fever and autoinflammatory syndromes.
MAIN MESSAGE: Fever is a common sign of illness in children and is most frequently due to infection. However, when acute and chronic infections have been excluded and when the fever pattern becomes recurrent or periodic, the expanding spectrum of autoinflammatory diseases, including periodic fever syndromes, should be considered. Familial Mediterranean fever is the most common inherited monogenic autoinflammatory syndrome, and early recognition and treatment can prevent its life-threatening complication, systemic amyloidosis. Periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and adenitis syndrome is the most common periodic fever syndrome in childhood; however, its underlying genetic basis remains unknown.
CONCLUSION: Periodic fever syndromes and other autoinflammatory diseases are increasingly recognized in children and adults, especially as causes of recurrent fevers. Individually they are rare, but a thorough history and physical examination can lead to their early recognition, diagnosis, and appropriate treatment.

PMID: 29025800 [PubMed - in process]

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Svår reaktion av antiepileptikum hos kvinna med ursprung från Asien - Karbamazepininducerat Stevens–Johnsons syndrom/toxisk epidermal nekrolys vanligare hos personer med viss asiatisk härkomst.

Svår reaktion av antiepileptikum hos kvinna med ursprung från Asien - Karbamazepininducerat Stevens–Johnsons syndrom/toxisk epidermal nekrolys vanligare hos personer med viss asiatisk härkomst.

Lakartidningen. 2017 Feb 21;114:

Authors: Anastasopoulou S, Komuda M, Presman B, Karlsson M, Tomson T

Abstract
Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis after initiation of carbamazepine in a HLA-B*15:02 gene carrier - screening in risk patients is recommended A 32-year-old woman, adopted from Indonesia, developed Stevens-Johnsons syndrome (SJS)/toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) after initiating carbamazepine treatment for epilepsy. SJS and TEN are rare but life-threatening adverse effects of carbamazepine, with a 72-100% risk of occurrence in patients carrying the HLA-B*15:02 allele. The HLA-B*15:02 allele is common in several Asian groups but less prevalent in European populations. Screening for HLA-B*15:02, or choice of medication other than aromatic anticonvulsants in patients with Asian ancestry, is recommended when treatment with carbamazepine is considered.

PMID: 28221394 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Piperacillin-tazobactam-induced linear IgA bullous dermatosis presenting clinically as Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis overlap.

http:--media.wiley.com-assets-7315-19-Wi

Piperacillin-tazobactam-induced linear IgA bullous dermatosis presenting clinically as Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis overlap.

Clin Exp Dermatol. 2017 Apr;42(3):299-302

Authors: Adler NR, McLean CA, Aung AK, Goh MS

Abstract
Linear IgA bullous dermatosis (LABD) is a subepidermal autoimmune bullous disease characterized by linear IgA deposition at the basement membrane zone, which is visualized by direct immunofluorescence. Patients with LABD typically present with widespread vesicles and bullae; however, this is not necessarily the case, as the clinical presentation of this disease is heterogeneous. LABD clinically presenting as Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) or toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is an infrequent, yet well-described phenomenon. Most cases of LABD are idiopathic, but some cases are drug-induced. Multiple drugs have been implicated in the development of LABD. We report a case of piperacillin-tazobactam-induced LABD presenting clinically as SJS/TEN overlap. This is the first reported case of a strong causal association between piperacillin-tazobactam and the development of LABD.

PMID: 28084616 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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RT @ZEROCancer : Many men experience bone related problems as a result of prostate cancer or its treatment: https://t.co/1iHnzYhd6K

RT @ZEROCancer : Many men experience bone related problems as a result of prostate cancer or its treatment: https://t.co/1iHnzYhd6K

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MicroRNA profiling reveals dysregulated microRNAs and their target gene regulatory networks in cemento-ossifying fibroma

Abstract

Background

Cemento-ossifying fibroma (COF) is a benign fibro-osseous neoplasm of uncertain pathogenesis and its treatment results morbidity. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression and may represent therapeutic targets. The purpose of the study was to generate a comprehensive miRNA profile of COF compared to normal bone. Additionally, the most relevant pathways and target genes of differentially expressed miRNA were investigated by in silico analysis.

Methods

Nine COF and ten normal bone samples were included in the study. miRNA profiling was carried out by using TaqMan^®OpenArray^®Human MicroRNA panel containing 754 validated human miRNAs. We identified the most relevant miRNAs target genes through the leader gene approach, using STRING and Cytoscape software. Pathways enrichment analysis was performed using DIANA-miRPath.

Results

Eleven miRNAs were downregulated (hsa-miR-95-3p, hsa-miR-141-3p, hsa-miR-205-5p, hsa-miR-223-3p, hsa-miR-31-5p, hsa-miR-944, hsa-miR-200b-3p, hsa-miR-135b-5p, hsa-miR-31-3p, hsa-miR-223-5p, hsa-miR-200c-3p) and five were upregulated (hsa-miR-181a-5p, hsa-miR-181c-5p, hsa-miR-149-5p, hsa-miR-138-5p, hsa-miR-199a-3p) in COF compared to normal bone. Eighteen common target genes were predicted, and the leader genes approach identified the following genes involved in human COF: EZH2, XIAP, MET and TGFBR1. According to the biology of bone and COF, the most relevant Kegg-pathways revealed by enrichment analysis were Proteoglycans in cancer, miRNAs in cancer, Pathways in cancer, p53, PI3K-Akt, FoxO, and TGF-beta signalling pathways, which were previously found to be differentially regulated in bone neoplasms, odontogenic tumours and osteogenesis.

Conclusion

miRNA dysregulation occurs in COF and EZH2, XIAP, MET and TGFBR1 are potential targets for functional analysis validation.

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MicroRNA profiling reveals dysregulated microRNAs and their target gene regulatory networks in cemento-ossifying fibroma

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

miRNA dysregulation occurs in COF and EZH2, XIAP, MET and TGFBR1 are potential targets for functional analysis validation.

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CALPHAD modeling of metastable phases and ternary compounds in Ti-Al-N system

Publication date: December 2017
Source:Calphad, Volume 59
Author(s): Yanhui Zhang, Peter Franke, Hans Jürgen Seifert
The development and evaluation of thermodynamic databases for the Ti-Al-N system is important for a wide range of engineering alloys. In this work, we resorted to the integration of ab initio thermodynamics, experiments and CALPHAD modeling for a comprehensive understanding of the metastable and the ternary phases in Ti-Al-N system. The supersaturated solutions of (Ti,Al)N with both rocksalt and wurtzite structures were well described by using the sub-regular solution model. Thereby, the formation, the phase separation and the meta-solubility of TiAlN coatings were successfully elaborated by the metastable pseudo-binary TiN-AlN section and the PVD (physical vapor deposition) phase diagram. Moreover, a number of isothermal and isopleth sections were also calculated and compared with available experiments and previous thermodynamic assessments. For the first time the ternary compound of τ3 was corrected as Ti4AlN3 in our proposed database.

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Five-year outcomes of a randomized clinical trial comparing bone level implants with either submerged or transmucosal healing

Abstract

Aim

To evaluate the long-term hard and soft tissue peri-implant tissue stability of bone level implants using a different implant placement protocol (submerged vs. transmucosal).

Materials and methods

This study was partly a subset analysis of a multicentre study where in 40 patients a single bone level implant with platform switching and a conical implant-abutment interface was placed either submerged or transmucosal in non-molar sites. Changes in the peri-implant tissues between implant placement and 5 years were assessed clinically and radiologically. Patient related outcomes were also recorded

Results

30 patients completed the 5-year follow-up. Implant survival rate was 100% The mean radiographic changes in crestal bone levels between baseline and 5 years were 0.59 (0.92) mm and 0.78 (1.03) mm for the submerged and the transmucosal groups, respectively. No statistical significant differences were found between the groups for any of the investigated variables. Peri-implantitis, defined as changes in the level of crestal bone of ≥ 2 mm together with bleeding on probing was only diagnosed in one patient. Patients in both groups were highly satisfied with the treatment received.

Conclusions

Bone level implants with submerged or transmucosal healing protocols demonstrated similar outcomes after 5-years. Both protocols yielded optimal clinical and radiographic results when bone level implants were placed in non-molar positions for single tooth replacement.

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Worcester lawmakers take sides on dental care bills

BOSTON – A battle over healthy teeth continues to split Worcester legislators on Beacon Hill, as debate continues over the best way to increase access to dental care for underserved populations. Two bills, each sponsored by a Worcester state senator, would create a new class of midlevel dental professionals.

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Lymphangiomatous Polyp Presenting as Tonsillar Mass

A 19-year-old female presented to ENT OPD of Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, with history of foreign body sensation in throat for 2 weeks and mass in left tonsil for 1 week. There is no history of difficulty swallowing or recurrent throat infection. Physical examination revealed a pedunculated mass arising from upper pole of left tonsil. Bilateral tonsillectomy was done under general anaesthesia. Grossly, 2.5 × 1.5 × 1 cm polypoidal mass, soft in consistency, was found to be attached to left tonsil. Histopathology report was consistent with lymphangiomatous polyp of tonsil. Postoperative period was uneventful and she was normal during her follow-up at 1 month with bilateral healthy tonsillar fossa.

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JDB, Vol. 5, Pages 10: The Roles of the Wnt-Antagonists Axin and Lrp4 during Embryogenesis of the Red Flour Beetle Tribolium castaneum

JDB, Vol. 5, Pages 10: The Roles of the Wnt-Antagonists Axin and Lrp4 during Embryogenesis of the Red Flour Beetle Tribolium castaneum

Journal of Developmental Biology doi: 10.3390/jdb5040010

Authors: Romy Prühs Anke Beermann Reinhard Schröder

In both vertebrates and invertebrates, the Wnt-signaling pathway is essential for numerous processes in embryogenesis and during adult life. Wnt activity is fine-tuned at various levels by the interplay of a number of Wnt-agonists (Wnt ligands, Frizzled-receptors, Lrp5/6 coreceptors) and Wnt-antagonists (among them Axin, Secreted frizzled and Lrp4) to define anterior–posterior polarity of the early embryo and specify cell fate in organogenesis. So far, the functional analysis of Wnt-pathway components in insects has concentrated on the roles of Wnt-agonists and on the Wnt-antagonist Axin. We depict here additional features of the Wnt-antagonist Axin in the flour beetle Tribolium castaneum. We show that Tc-axin is dynamically expressed throughout embryogenesis and confirm its essential role in head development. In addition, we describe an as yet undetected, more extreme Tc-axin RNAi-phenotype, the ectopic formation of posterior abdominal segments in reverse polarity and a second hindgut at the anterior. For the first time, we describe here that an lrp4 ortholog is involved in axis formation in an insect. The Tribolium Lrp4 ortholog is ubiquitously expressed throughout embryogenesis. Its downregulation via maternal RNAi results in the reduction of head structures but not in axis polarity reversal. Furthermore, segmentation is impaired and larvae develop with a severe gap-phenotype. We conclude that, as in vertebrates, Tc-lrp4 functions as a Wnt-inhibitor in Tribolium during various stages of embryogenesis. We discuss the role of both components as negative modulators of Wnt signaling in respect to axis formation and segmentation in Tribolium.

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RT @SullivanProf : eCancer. A superb global platform for cancer education, training and engagement, brilliantly led by the one and only Prof…

RT @SullivanProf : eCancer. A superb global platform for cancer education, training and engagement, brilliantly led by the one and only Prof…

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IJMS, Vol. 18, Pages 2149: Reactive Oxygen Species and NOX Enzymes Are Emerging as Key Players in Cutaneous Wound Repair

IJMS, Vol. 18, Pages 2149: Reactive Oxygen Species and NOX Enzymes Are Emerging as Key Players in Cutaneous Wound Repair

International Journal of Molecular Sciences doi: 10.3390/ijms18102149

Authors: Dominik André-Lévigne Ali Modarressi Michael Pepper Brigitte Pittet-Cuénod

Our understanding of the role of oxygen in cell physiology has evolved from its long-recognized importance as an essential factor in oxidative metabolism to its recognition as an important player in cell signaling. With regard to the latter, oxygen is needed for the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which regulate a number of different cellular functions including differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and contraction. Data specifically concerning the role of ROS-dependent signaling in cutaneous wound repair are very limited, especially regarding wound contraction. In this review we provide an overview of the current literature on the role of molecular and reactive oxygen in the physiology of wound repair as well as in the pathophysiology and therapy of chronic wounds, especially under ischemic and hyperglycemic conditions.

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Congratulations to ecancer’s Managing Editor Gordon McVie for his award from @ACPUK - Fellowship of the Association… https://t.co/rJa7TwBCPd

Congratulations to ecancer's Managing Editor Gordon McVie for his award from @ACPUK - Fellowship of the Association… https://t.co/rJa7TwBCPd

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Why does my tongue hurt?

Learn about a number of common causes for tongue pain, including physical injury, thrush, and cold sores, along with treatment options.

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Fee guides won't improve access to dental care in Alberta

The high fees for dentistry in Alberta is a hot topic and the solution, as demanded by the current Alberta government, is to reintroduce a fee guide. What has been lost in this conversation: Why was the fee guide eliminated in Alberta? Is there evidence that fee guides improve access to care? Who benefits from having a fee guide in Alberta? What are the real solutions to improved access to care? In the mid-1990s, the federal Competition Bureau published an article on the subject of dental fee guides in Ontario.

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It’s time artists woke up to the power at their fingertips

The recent Lofoten Islands biennale and The New We, a group show now on in Norway, both get artists to engage with nature – but they don't seem keen to commit

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It’s time artists woke up to the power at their fingertips

Biosensors, Vol. 7, Pages 47: Electrospun Chitosan-Gelatin Biopolymer Composite Nanofibers for Horseradish Peroxidase Immobilization in a Hydrogen Peroxide Biosensor

Biosensors, Vol. 7, Pages 47: Electrospun Chitosan-Gelatin Biopolymer Composite Nanofibers for Horseradish Peroxidase Immobilization in a Hydrogen Peroxide Biosensor

Biosensors doi: 10.3390/bios7040047

Authors: Siriwan Teepoo Phanphruk Dawan Naris Barnthip

A biosensor based on chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymers nanofibers is found to be effective for the immobilization of horseradish peroxidase to detect hydrogen peroxide. The biopolymer nanofibers were fabricated by an electrospining technique. Upon optimization of synthesis parameters, biopolymers nanofibers, an average of 80 nm in diameter, were obtained and were then modified on the working electrode surface. The effects of the concentration of enzyme, pH, and concentration of the buffer and the working potential on the current response of the nanofibers-modified electrode toward hydrogen peroxide were optimized to obtain the maximal current response. The results found that horseradish peroxidase immobilization on chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymer nanofibers had advantages of fast response, excellent reproducibility, high stability, and showed a linear response to hydrogen peroxide in the concentration range from 0.1 to 1.7 mM with a detection limit of 0.05 mM and exhibited high sensitivity of 44 µA∙mM−1∙cm−2. The developed system was evaluated for analysis of disinfectant samples and showed good agreement between the results obtained by the titration method without significant differences at the 0.05 significance level. The proposed strategy based on chitosan-gelatin composite biopolymer nanofibers for the immobilization of enzymes can be extended for the development of other enzyme-based biosensors.

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Grazing limits natural biological controls of woody encroachment in Inner Mongolia Steppe [RESEARCH ARTICLE]

Hongyu Guo, Linjing Guan, Yinhua Wang, Lina Xie, Chelse M. Prather, Chunguang Liu, and Chengcang Ma

Woody encroachment in grasslands has become increasingly problematic globally. Grazing by domestic animals can facilitate woody encroachment by reducing competition from herbaceous plants and fire frequency. Herbivorous insects and parasitic plants can each exert forces that result in the natural biological control of encroaching woody plants through reducing seeding of their host woody plants. However, the interplay of grazing and dynamics of herbivorous insects or parasitic plants, and its effects on the potential biological control of woody encroachment in grasslands remains unclear. We investigated the flower and pod damage by herbivorous insects, and the infection rates of a parasitic plant on the shrub Caragana microphylla, which is currently encroaching in Inner Mongolia Steppe, under different grazing management treatments (33-year non-grazed, 7-year non-grazed, currently grazed). Our results showed that Caragana biomass was highest at the currently grazed site, and lowest at the 33-year non-grazed site. Herbaceous plant biomass followed the opposite pattern, suggesting that grazing is indeed facilitating the encroachment of Caragana plants in Inner Mongolia Steppe. Grazing also reduced the abundance of herbivorous insects per Caragana flower, numbers of flowers and pods damaged by insect herbivores, and the infection rates of the parasitic plant on Caragana plants. Our results suggest that grazing may facilitate woody encroachment in grasslands not only through canonical mechanisms (e.g. competitive release via feeding on grasses, reductions in fires, etc.), but also by limiting natural biological controls of woody plants (herbivorous insects and parasitic plants). Thus, management efforts must focus on preventing overgrazing to better protect grassland ecosystems from woody encroachment.

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Ubiquitination of basal VEGFR2 regulates signal transduction and endothelial function [RESEARCH ARTICLE]

Gina A. Smith, Gareth W. Fearnley, Izma Abdul-Zani, Stephen B. Wheatcroft, Darren C. Tomlinson, Michael A. Harrison, and Sreenivasan Ponnambalam

Cell surface receptors can undergo recycling or proteolysis but the cellular decision-making events that sort between these pathways remain poorly defined. Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) regulate signal transduction and angiogenesis, but how signaling and proteolysis is regulated is not well understood. Here, we provide evidence that a pathway requiring the E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme UBA1 controls basal VEGFR2 levels, hence metering plasma membrane receptor availability for the VEGF-A-regulated endothelial cell response. VEGFR2 undergoes VEGF-A-independent constitutive degradation via a UBA1-dependent ubiquitin-linked pathway. Depletion of UBA1 increased VEGFR2 recycling from endosome-to-plasma membrane and decreased proteolysis. Increased membrane receptor availability after UBA1 depletion elevated VEGF-A-stimulated activation of key signaling enzymes such as PLC1 and ERK1/2. Although UBA1 depletion caused an overall decrease in endothelial cell proliferation, surviving cells showed greater VEGF-A-stimulated responses such as cell migration and tubulogenesis. Our study now suggests that a ubiquitin-linked pathway regulates the balance between receptor recycling and degradation which in turn impacts on the intensity and duration of VEGF-A-stimulated signal transduction and the endothelial response.

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Influence of a GSK3{beta} phosphorylation site within the proximal C-terminus of Neurofilament-H on neurofilament dynamics [RESEARCH ARTICLE]

Rishel Brenna Vohnoutka, Edward F. Boumil, Yuguan Liu, Atsuko Uchida, Harish C. Pant, and Thomas B. Shea

Phosphorylation of the C-terminal tail of the heavy neurofilament subunit (NF-H) impacts neurofilament (NF) axonal transport and residence within axons by fostering NF-NF associations that compete with transport. We tested the role of phosphorylation of a GSK-3β consensus site (S493) located in the proximal portion of the NF-H tail in NF dynamics by transfection of NB2a/d1 cells with NF-H, where S493 was mutated to aspartic acid (S493D) or to alanine (S493A) to mimic constitutive phosphorylation and non-phosphorylation. S493D underwent increased transport into axonal neurites, while S493A displayed increased perikaryal NF aggregates that were decorated by anti-kinesin. Increased levels of S493A co-precipitated with anti-kinesin indicating that reduced transport of S493A was not due to reduced kinesin association but due to premature NF-NF interactions within perikarya. S493D displayed increased phospho-immunoreactivity within axonal neurites at downstream C-terminal sites attributable to mitogen-activated protein kinase and cyclin-dependent kinase 5. However, S493D was more prone to proteolysis following kinase inhibition, suggesting that S493 phosphorylation is an early event that alters sidearm configuration in a manner that promotes appropriate NF distribution. We propose a novel model for sidearm configuration.

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Blocking autophagy enhances the pro-apoptotic effect of bufalin on human gastric cancer cells through endoplasmic reticulum stress [RESEARCH ARTICLE]

Hongyan Zhao, Qinghua Li, Jie Pang, Huilin Jin, Hongwei Li, and Xiaoying Yang

Bufalin has been used to treat cancer for several years. However, the molecular mechanisms for its anti-tumor function are not fully understood. This work aimed to investigate the effect of bufalin on the proliferation and apoptosis of human gastric cancer (HGC) cells and the roles of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy in bufalin-induced apoptosis. HGC cell lines, SGC7901 and BGC823, were treated with different concentrations of bufalin or 80 nmol/l bufalin for 1, 2, 3 and 4 days. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and direct cell counting method were used to detect proliferation. Cell cycle arrest and apoptosis was detected using flow cytometry. Protein levels of caspase-3, -8, Bax/Bcl-2, Beclin-1, LC3, inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) were determined using western blotting. Autophagy was blocked using 3-methyladenine (3MA) or Atg5 siRNA to evaluate the effect of autophagy on bufalin-induced apoptosis. The IRE1 and CHOP were knocked down using specific siRNA to determine the pathway involved in bufalin-induced autophagy. It was found that bufalin significantly suppressed proliferation of SGC7901 and BGC823 cells and induced apoptosis in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The mechanism responsible for bufalin-induced apoptosis was the formation of ER stress via the IRE1-JNK pathway. Moreover, autophagy was activated during ER stress, and blocking autophagy significantly exacerbated bufalin-induced apoptosis.

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How does oestradiol influence the AVT/IT system in female round gobies during different reproductive phases? [RESEARCH ARTICLE]

Hanna Kalamarz-Kubiak, Magdalena Gozdowska, Tatiana Guellard, and Ewa Kulczykowska

In this in vitro gradient perfusion study, we determined whether there is a functional relationship between oestradiol and the arginine vasotocin/isotocin (AVT/IT) system in the female round goby (Neogobius melanostomus). Brain explants were perfused in medium supplemented with 17β-oestradiol (E₂) at doses mimicking the plasma levels of this hormone in nature during the spawning-capable phase and regressing phase. We aimed to establish which pathway, genomic or non-genomic, is involved in this mechanism in different reproductive phases. For this purpose, brain explants were perfused in medium supplemented with Fulvestrant (ICI 182.780) or Actinomycin D (Act D) separately or in combination with E₂. The contents of AVT and IT in the perfusion media were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence and UV detection. During the spawning-capable phase, the effect of E₂ on AVT release is mediated through oestrogen receptors (ERs) via both genomic and non-genomic pathways, while IT release is mediated through ERs via a genomic pathway only. In the regressing phase, release of both nonapeptides is mediated through ERs via a genomic pathway. This is the first study to present a feasible mechanism of oestradiol action on the AVT/IT system in female fish during different phases of the reproductive cycle.

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An immunofluorescence assay for extracellular matrix components highlights the role of epithelial cells in producing a stable, fibrillar extracellular matrix [RESEARCH ARTICLE]

Omar S. Qureshi, Helene Bon, Breda Twomey, Gill Holdsworth, Kirsty Ford, Marianne Bergin, Linghong Huang, Mariusz Muzylak, Louise J. Healy, Vanessa Hurdowar, and Timothy S. Johnson

Activated fibroblasts are considered major drivers of fibrotic disease progression through the production of excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) in response to signals from damaged epithelial and inflammatory cells. Nevertheless, epithelial cells are capable of expressing components of the ECM, cross-linking enzymes that increase its stability and are sensitive to factors involved in the early stages of fibrosis. We therefore wanted to test the hypothesis that epithelial cells can deposit ECM in response to stimulation in a comparable manner to fibroblasts. We performed immunofluorescence analysis of components of stable, mature extracellular matrix produced by primary human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells and renal fibroblasts in response to cytokine stimulation. Whilst fibroblasts produced a higher basal level of extracellular matrix components, epithelial cells were able to deposit significant levels of fibronectin, collagen I, III and IV in response to cytokine stimulation. In response to hypoxia, epithelial cells showed an increase in collagen IV deposition but not in response to the acute stress stimuli aristolochic acid or hydrogen peroxide. When epithelial cells were in co-culture with fibroblasts we observed significant increases in the level of matrix deposition which could be reduced by transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) blockade. Our results highlight the role of epithelial cells acting as efficient producers of stable extracellular matrix which could contribute to renal tubule thickening in fibrosis.

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Forces to pierce cuticle of tarsi and material properties determined by nanoindentation: The Achilles heel of bed bugs [RESEARCH ARTICLE]

Jorge Bustamante, Jason F. Panzarino, Timothy J. Rupert, and Catherine Loudon

The mechanical properties of bed bug (Cimex lectularius L.) tarsi and pretarsi were investigated in order to evaluate their vulnerability to piercing by plant trichomes (sharp microscopic hairs). Nanoindentation was used to measure the force required to insert a sharp probe into the cuticle of these different regions, as well as to determine creep and reduced elastic moduli for the cuticle. Scanning electron microscopy was used to visualize the indents that had been generated by nanoindentation. The force required to insert a cube corner nanoindenter probe into the cuticle was determined for a range of displacements (1 to 9 μm) and strain rates (0.003 to 0.5 s^–1). Greater force was required to insert this sharp probe at greater depth or at faster strain rates. A specific region of the pretarsus (membrane with microtrichia) more frequently pierced by trichomes during bed bug locomotion required approximately 20-30% less force, exhibited more creep, and had a lower reduced elastic modulus for the first micron of indentation compared to the other regions; although this pattern was not consistent for greater displacements. These mechanical attributes, which will facilitate the initial stage of puncture in addition to the presence of natural infoldings in the cuticle of this area, may make that area of the pretarsus particularly vulnerable to piercing. This information will help inform development of physical methods for control of insect pests such as bed bugs.

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An AMPK-dependent regulatory pathway in tau-mediated toxicity [RESEARCH ARTICLE]

Alessia Galasso, Charles S. Cameron, Bruno G. Frenguelli, and Kevin G. Moffat

Neurodegenerative tauopathies are characterised by accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau aggregates primarily degraded by autophagy. The 5'AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is expressed in most cells, including neurons. Alongside its metabolic functions, it is also known to be activated in Alzheimer's brains, phosphorylate tau, and be a critical autophagy activator. Whether it plays a neurotoxic or neuroprotective role remains unclear. In tauopathies stress conditions can result in AMPK activation, enhancing tau-mediated toxicity. Paradoxically, in these cases AMPK activation does not always lead to protective autophagic responses. Using a Drosophila in vivo quantitative approach, we have analysed the impact of AMPK and autophagy on tau-mediated toxicity, recapitulating the AMPK-mediated tauopathy condition: increased tau phosphorylation, without corresponding autophagy activation. We have demonstrated that AMPK binding to and phosphorylating tau at Ser-262, a site reported to facilitate soluble tau accumulation, affects its degradation. This phosphorylation results in exacerbation of tau toxicity and is ameliorated via rapamycin-induced autophagy stimulation. Our findings support the development of combinatorial therapies effective at reducing tau toxicity targeting tau phosphorylation and AMPK-independent autophagic induction. The proposed in vivo tool represents an ideal readout to perform preliminary screening for drugs promoting this process.

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Patricia Keely (1963-2017) [PUBLISHER'S NOTE]

Jordan W. Raff

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HCN4 ion channel function is required for early events that regulate anatomical left-right patterning in a nodal and lefty asymmetric gene expression-independent manner [RESEARCH ARTICLE]

Vaibhav P. Pai, Valerie Willocq, Emily J. Pitcairn, Joan M. Lemire, Jean-Francois Pare, Nian-Qing Shi, Kelly A. McLaughlin, and Michael Levin

Laterality is a basic characteristic of all life forms, from single cell organisms to complex plants and animals. For many metazoans, consistent left-right asymmetric patterning is essential for the correct anatomy of internal organs, such as the heart, gut, and brain; disruption of left-right asymmetry patterning leads to an important class of birth defects in human patients. Laterality functions across multiple scales, where early embryonic, subcellular and chiral cytoskeletal events are coupled with asymmetric amplification mechanisms and gene regulatory networks leading to asymmetric physical forces that ultimately result in distinct left and right anatomical organ patterning. Recent studies have suggested the existence of multiple parallel pathways regulating organ asymmetry. Here, we show that an isoform of the hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) family of ion channels (hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 4, HCN4) is important for correct left-right patterning. HCN4 channels are present very early in Xenopus embryos. Blocking HCN channels (I_h currents) with pharmacological inhibitors leads to errors in organ situs. This effect is only seen when HCN4 channels are blocked early (pre-stage 10) and not by a later block (post-stage 10). Injections of HCN4-DN (dominant-negative) mRNA induce left-right defects only when injected in both blastomeres no later than the 2-cell stage. Analysis of key asymmetric genes' expression showed that the sidedness of Nodal, Lefty, and Pitx2 expression is largely unchanged by HCN4 blockade, despite the randomization of subsequent organ situs, although the area of Pitx2 expression was significantly reduced. Together these data identify a novel, developmental role for HCN4 channels and reveal a new Nodal-Lefty-Pitx2 asymmetric gene expression-independent mechanism upstream of organ positioning during embryonic left-right patterning.

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CLASP1 regulates endothelial cell branching morphology and directed migration [RESEARCH ARTICLE]

Nicole M. Myer and Kenneth A. Myers

Endothelial cell (EC) branching is critically dependent upon the dynamic nature of the microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton. Extracellular matrix (ECM) mechanosensing is a prominent mechanism by which cytoskeletal reorganization is achieved; yet how ECM-induced signaling is able to target cytoskeletal reorganization intracellularly to facilitate productive EC branching morphogenesis is not known. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the composition and density of the ECM drive the regulation of MT growth dynamics in ECs by targeting the MT stabilizing protein, cytoplasmic linker associated protein 1 (CLASP1). High-resolution fluorescent microscopy coupled with computational image analysis reveal that CLASP1 promotes slow MT growth on glass ECMs and promotes short-lived MT growth on high-density collagen-I and fibronectin ECMs. Within EC branches, engagement of either high-density collagen-I or high-density fibronectin ECMs results in reduced MT growth speeds, while CLASP1-dependent effects on MT dynamics promotes elevated numbers of short, branched protrusions that guide persistent and directed EC migration.

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SERCA directs cell migration and branching across species and germ layers [RESEARCH ARTICLE]

Danielle V. Bower, Nick Lansdale, Sonia Navarro, Thai V. Truong, Dan J. Bower, Neil C. Featherstone, Marilyn G. Connell, Denise Al Alam, Mark R. Frey, Le A. Trinh, G. Esteban Fernandez, David Warburton, Scott E. Fraser, Daimark Bennett, and Edwin C. Jesudason

Branching morphogenesis underlies organogenesis in vertebrates and invertebrates, yet is incompletely understood. Here, we show that the sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺ reuptake pump (SERCA) directs budding across germ layers and species. Clonal knockdown demonstrated a cell-autonomous role for SERCA in Drosophila air sac budding. Live imaging of Drosophila tracheogenesis revealed elevated Ca²⁺ levels in migratory tip cells as they form branches. SERCA blockade abolished this Ca²⁺ differential, aborting both cell migration and new branching. Activating protein kinase C (PKC) rescued Ca²⁺ in tip cells and restored cell migration and branching. Likewise, inhibiting SERCA abolished mammalian epithelial budding, PKC activation rescued budding, while morphogens did not. Mesoderm (zebrafish angiogenesis) and ectoderm (Drosophila nervous system) behaved similarly, suggesting a conserved requirement for cell-autonomous Ca²⁺ signaling, established by SERCA, in iterative budding.

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Vestigial-like 3 is a novel Ets1 interacting partner and regulates trigeminal nerve formation and cranial neural crest migration [RESEARCH ARTICLE]

Emilie Simon, Nadine Theze, Sandrine Fedou, Pierre Thiebaud, and Corinne Faucheux

Drosophila Vestigial is the founding member of a protein family containing a highly conserved domain, called Tondu, which mediates their interaction with members of the TEAD family of transcription factors (Scalloped in Drosophila). In Drosophila, the Vestigial/Scalloped complex controls wing development by regulating the expression of target genes through binding to MCAT sequences. In vertebrates, there are four Vestigial-like genes, the functions of which are still not well understood. Here, we describe the regulation and function of vestigial-like 3 (vgll3) during Xenopus early development. A combination of signals, including FGF8, Wnt8a, Hoxa2, Hoxb2 and retinoic acid, limits vgll3 expression to hindbrain rhombomere 2. We show that vgll3 regulates trigeminal placode and nerve formation and is required for normal neural crest development by affecting their migration and adhesion properties. At the molecular level, vgll3 is a potent activator of pax3, zic1, Wnt and FGF, which are important for brain patterning and neural crest cell formation. Vgll3 interacts in the embryo with Tead proteins but unexpectedly with Ets1, with which it is able to stimulate a MCAT driven luciferase reporter gene. Our findings highlight a critical function for vgll3 in vertebrate early development.

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Tbx1 and Jag1 act in concert to modulate the fate of neurosensory cells of the mouse otic vesicle [RESEARCH ARTICLE]

Stephania Macchiarulo and Bernice E. Morrow

The domain within the otic vesicle (OV) known as the neurosensory domain (NSD), contains cells that will give rise to the hair and support cells of the otic sensory organs, as well as the neurons that form the cochleovestibular ganglion (CVG). The molecular dynamics that occur at the NSD boundary relative to adjacent OV cells is not well defined. The Tbx1 transcription factor gene expression pattern is complementary to the NSD, and inactivation results in expansion of the NSD and expression of the Notch ligand, Jag1 mapping, in part of the NSD. To shed light on the role of Jag1 in NSD development, as well as to test whether Tbx1 and Jag1 might genetically interact to regulate this process, we inactivated Jag1 within the Tbx1 expression domain using a knock-in Tbx1^Cre allele. We observed an enlarged neurogenic domain marked by a synergistic increase in expression of NeuroD and other proneural transcription factor genes in double Tbx1 and Jag1 conditional loss-of-function embryos. We noted that neuroblasts preferentially expanded across the medial-lateral axis and that an increase in cell proliferation could not account for this expansion, suggesting that there was a change in cell fate. We also found that inactivation of Jag1 with Tbx1^Cre resulted in failed development of the cristae and semicircular canals, as well as notably fewer hair cells in the ventral epithelium of the inner ear rudiment when inactivated on a Tbx1 null background, compared to Tbx1^Cre/– mutant embryos. We propose that loss of expression of Tbx1 and Jag1 within the Tbx1 expression domain tips the balance of cell fates in the NSD, resulting in an overproduction of neuroblasts at the expense of non-neural cells within the OV.

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The terminal nerve plays a prominent role in GnRH-1 neuronal migration independent from proper olfactory and vomeronasal connections to the olfactory bulbs [RESEARCH ARTICLE]

Ed Zandro M. Taroc, Aparna Prasad, Jennifer M. Lin, and Paolo E. Forni

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone-1 (GnRH-1) neurons (GnRH-1 ns) migrate from the developing olfactory pit into the hypothalamus during embryonic development. Migration of the GnRH-1 neurons is required for mammalian reproduction as these cells control release of gonadotropins from the anterior pituitary gland. Disturbances in GnRH-1 ns migration, GnRH-1 synthesis, secretion or signaling lead to varying degrees of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH), which impairs pubertal onset and fertility. HH associated with congenital olfactory defects is clinically defined as Kallmann Syndrome (KS). The association of olfactory defects with HH in KS suggested a potential direct relationship between defective olfactory axonal routing, lack of olfactory bulbs (OBs) and aberrant GnRH-1 ns migration. However, it has never been experimentally proven that the formation of axonal connections of the olfactory/vomeronasal neurons to their functional targets are necessary for the migration of GnRH-1 ns to the hypothalamus. Loss-of-function of the Arx-1 homeobox gene leads to the lack of proper formation of the OBs with abnormal axonal termination of olfactory sensory neurons ( Yoshihara et al., 2005). Our data prove that correct development of the OBs and axonal connection of the olfactory/vomeronasal sensory neurons to the forebrain are not required for GnRH-1 ns migration, and suggest that the terminal nerve, which forms the GnRH-1 migratory scaffold, follows different guidance cues and differs in gene expression from olfactory/vomeronasal sensory neurons.

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Molecular regulation of high muscle mass in developing Blonde d'Aquitaine cattle foetuses [RESEARCH ARTICLE]

Isabelle Cassar-Malek, Celine Boby, Brigitte Picard, Antonio Reverter, and Nicholas J. Hudson

The Blonde d'Aquitaine (BA) is a French cattle breed with enhanced muscularity, partly attributable to a MSTN mutation. The BA m. Semitendinosus has a faster muscle fibre isoform phenotype comprising a higher proportion of fast type IIX fibres compared to age-matched Charolais (CH). To better understand the molecular network of modifications in BA compared to CH muscle, we assayed the transcriptomes of the m. Semitendinosus at 110, 180, 210 and 260 days postconception (dpc). We used a combination of differential expression (DE) and regulatory impact factors (RIF) to compare and contrast muscle gene expression between the breeds. Prominently developmentally regulated genes in both breeds reflected the replacement of embryonic myosin isoforms (MYL4, MYH3) with adult isoforms (MYH1) and the upregulation of mitochondrial metabolism (CKMT2, AGXT2L1) in preparation for birth. However, the transition to a fast, glycolytic muscle phenotype in the MSTN mutant BA is detectable through downregulation of various slow twitch subunits (TNNC1, MYH7, TPM3, CSRP3) beyond 210 dpc, and a small but consistent genome-wide reduction in mRNA encoding the mitoproteome. Across the breeds, NRIP2 is the regulatory gene possessing a network change most similar to that of MSTN.

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Quantitative analysis of mechanical force required for cell extrusion in zebrafish embryonic epithelia [METHODS [amp ] TECHNIQUES]

Sohei Yamada, Takanori Iino, Yasumasa Bessho, Yoichiroh Hosokawa, and Takaaki Matsui

When cells in epithelial sheets are damaged by intrinsic or extrinsic causes, they are eliminated by extrusion from the sheet. Cell extrusion, which is required for maintenance of tissue integrity, is the consequence of contraction of actomyosin rings, as demonstrated by both molecular/cellular biological experimentation and numerical simulation. However, quantitative evaluation of actomyosin contraction has not been performed because of the lack of a suitable direct measurement system. In this study, we developed a new method using a femtosecond laser to quantify the contraction force of the actomyosin ring during cell extrusion in zebrafish embryonic epithelia. In this system, an epithelial cell in zebrafish embryo is first damaged by direct femtosecond laser irradiation. Next, a femtosecond laser-induced impulsive force is loaded onto the actomyosin ring, and the contraction force is quantified to be on the order of kPa as a unit of pressure. We found that cell extrusion was delayed when the contraction force was slightly attenuated, suggesting that a relatively small force is sufficient to drive cell extrusion. Thus, our method is suitable for the relative quantitative evaluation of mechanical dynamics in the process of cell extrusion, and in principle the method is applicable to similar phenomena in different tissues and organs of various species.

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Effect of MRI on breast tissue expanders and recommendations for safe use

Ferromagnetic port-containing breast tissue expanders are currently labeled MRI-unsafe because of the presumption that magnets should not enter the machine. However, designating these devices as MRI-unsafe can lead to unnecessary procedures or suboptimal imaging choices. This study provides an ex vivo analysis of how breast tissue expanders behave when subjected to strong magnetic fields to determine which variables might affect clinical risk.

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IJERPH, Vol. 14, Pages 1229: Barriers and Facilitators for Health Behavior Change among Adults from Multi-Problem Households: A Qualitative Study

IJERPH, Vol. 14, Pages 1229: Barriers and Facilitators for Health Behavior Change among Adults from Multi-Problem Households: A Qualitative Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health doi: 10.3390/ijerph14101229

Authors: Gera Nagelhout Lette Hogeling Renate Spruijt Nathalie Postma Hein de Vries

Multi-problem households are households with problems on more than one of the following core problem areas: socio-economic problems, psycho-social problems, and problems related to child care. The aim of this study was to examine barriers and facilitators for health behavior change among adults from multi-problem households, as well as to identify ideas for a health promotion program. A qualitative study involving 25 semi-structured interviews was conducted among Dutch adults who received intensive family home care for multi-problem households. Results were discussed with eight social workers in a focus group interview. Data were analyzed using the Framework Method. The results revealed that the main reason for not engaging in sports were the costs. Physical activity was facilitated by physically active (transport to) work and by dog ownership. Respondents who received a food bank package reported this as a barrier for healthy eating. Those with medical conditions such as diabetes indicated that this motivated them to eat healthily. Smokers and former smokers reported that stress was a major barrier for quitting smoking but that medical conditions could motivate them to quit smoking. A reported reason for not using alcohol was having difficult past experiences such as violence and abuse by alcoholics. Mentioned intervention ideas were: something social, an outdoor sports event, cooking classes, a walking group, and children's activities in nature. Free or cheap activities that include social interaction and reduce stress are in line with the identified barriers and facilitators. Besides these activities, it may be important to influence the target group's environment by educating social workers and ensuring healthier food bank packages.

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IJERPH, Vol. 14, Pages 1228: Identification of Genetic Interaction with Risk Factors Using a Time-To-Event Model

IJERPH, Vol. 14, Pages 1228: Identification of Genetic Interaction with Risk Factors Using a Time-To-Event Model

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health doi: 10.3390/ijerph14101228

Authors: Mariza de Andrade Sebastian Armasu Bryan McCauley Tanya Petterson John Heit

Background: Certain diseases can occur with and without a trigger. We use Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) as our example to identify genetic interaction with pregnancy in women with VTE during pre- or postpartum. Pregnancy is one of the major risk factors for VTE as it accounts for 10% of maternal deaths. Methods: We performed a whole genome association analysis using the Cox Proportional Hazard (CoxPH) model adjusted for covariates to identify genetic variants associated with the time-to-event of VTE related to pre- or postpartum during the childbearing age of 18–45 years using a case-only design in a cohort of women with VTE. Women with a VTE event after 45 years of age were censored and contributed only follow-up time. Results: We identified two intragenic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at genome-wide significance in the PURB gene located on chromosome 7, and two additional intragenic SNPs, one in the LINGO2 gene on chromosome 9 and one in RDXP2 on chromosome X. Conclusions: We showed that the time-to-event model is a useful approach for identifying potential hazard-modification of the genetic variants when the event of interest (VTE) occurs due to a risk factor (pre- or post-partum).

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IJERPH, Vol. 14, Pages 1226: School Leadership and Cyberbullying—A Multilevel Analysis

IJERPH, Vol. 14, Pages 1226: School Leadership and Cyberbullying—A Multilevel Analysis

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health doi: 10.3390/ijerph14101226

Authors: Sara Låftman Viveca Östberg Bitte Modin

Cyberbullying is a relatively new form of bullying, with both similarities and differences to traditional bullying. While earlier research has examined associations between school-contextual characteristics and traditional bullying, fewer studies have focused on the links to students' involvement in cyberbullying behavior. The aim of the present study is to assess whether school-contextual conditions in terms of teachers' ratings of the school leadership are associated with the occurrence of cyberbullying victimization and perpetration among students. The data are derived from two separate data collections performed in 2016: The Stockholm School Survey conducted among students in the second grade of upper secondary school (ages 17–18 years) in Stockholm municipality, and the Stockholm Teacher Survey which was carried out among teachers in the same schools. The data include information from 6067 students distributed across 58 schools, linked with school-contextual information based on reports from 1251 teachers. Cyberbullying victimization and perpetration are measured by students' self-reports. Teachers' ratings of the school leadership are captured by an index based on 10 items; the mean value of this index was aggregated to the school level. Results from binary logistic multilevel regression models show that high teacher ratings of the school leadership are associated with less cyberbullying victimization and perpetration. We conclude that a strong school leadership potentially prevents cyberbullying behavior among students.

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IJERPH, Vol. 14, Pages 1227: Behaviors Related to Mosquito-Borne Diseases among Different Ethnic Minority Groups along the China-Laos Border Areas

IJERPH, Vol. 14, Pages 1227: Behaviors Related to Mosquito-Borne Diseases among Different Ethnic Minority Groups along the China-Laos Border Areas

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health doi: 10.3390/ijerph14101227

Authors: Chao Wu Xiaofang Guo Jun Zhao Quan Lv Hongbin Li Edward McNeil Virasakdi Chongsuvivatwong Hongning Zhou

Background: In China, mosquito-borne diseases are most common in the sub-tropical area of Yunnan province. The objective of this study was to examine behaviors related to mosquito-borne diseases in different ethnic minority groups and different socioeconomic groups of people living in this region. Methods: A stratified two-stage cluster sampling technique with probability proportional to size was used in Mengla County, Xishuangbanna Prefecture, Yunnan. Twelve villages were used to recruit adult (≥18 years old) and eight schools were used for children (<18 years old). A questionnaire on behaviors and environment variables related to mosquito-borne diseases was devised. Results: Multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) grouped 20 behaviors into three domains, namely, environmental condition, bed net use behaviors, and repellent use behaviors, respectively. The Han ethnicity had the lowest odds of rearing pigs, their odds being significantly lower than those of Yi and Yao. For bed net use, Dai and other ethnic minority groups were less likely to use bed nets compared to Yi and Yao. The odds of repellent use in the Han ethnicity was lower than in Yi, but higher than in Dai. The Dai group was the most likely ethnicity to use repellents. Farmers were at a higher risk for pig rearing and not using repellents. Education of less than primary school held the lowest odds of pig rearing. Those with low income were at a higher risk for not using bed nets and repellent except in pig rearing. Those with a small family size were at a lower risk for pig rearing. Conclusion: Different ethnic and socioeconomic groups in the study areas require different specific emphases for the prevention of mosquito-borne diseases.

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Complimentary tickets available for our #Oncology Congress 2017 in Uruguay. Find out more: https://t.co/KnTybpCBr9 https://t.co/GQtycJVkTI

Complimentary tickets available for our #Oncology Congress 2017 in Uruguay. Find out more: https://t.co/KnTybpCBr9 https://t.co/GQtycJVkTI

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Correlation between CXCR4/CXCR7/CXCL12 chemokine axis expression and prognosis in lymph-node-positive lung cancer patients

Summary

The CXCR4/CXCR7/CXCL12 chemokine axis plays important roles in the migration of tumor cells during cancer development by modulating site-specific distant metastasis including to regional lymph nodes. We investigated the correlation of these chemokine expressions to prognosis in lymph-node-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. A total of 140 surgically resected specimens of primary site (PS) and metastatic lymph nodes (MLN) of NSCLC involving hilar and/or mediastinal lymph nodes (N1–2) were collected. CXCR4, CXCR7 and CXCL12 expressions were evaluated. Cox regression analysis was performed to determine whether these chemokines were independent prognostic factors in N1–2 NSCLC. High expression of CXCR4 in PS and CXCL12 in MLN was associated with poor overall survival (OS) (p = 0.025 and 0.033, respectively). Significant correlations between CXCR4 expression in PS and CXCL12 expression in MLN were observed (p = 0.040). There was significant difference in OS between two groups according to expressions of CXCR4 in PS and CXCL12 in MLN (p = 0.0033). Expression of CXCL12 in MLN was identified as an independent prognostic factor (HR 1.79, 95% CI 1.08–3.04, p = 0.023). CXCL12 in MLN was mainly expressed by tumor cells compared with stromal cells (56% vs. 25%, respectively, p < 0.0001). CXCR4/CXCL12 may play roles in tumor progression in MLN and is associated with poor prognosis of lymph-node-positive NSCLC patients.

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Pyruvate Kinase Isozymes M2 and Glutaminase Might Be Promising Molecular Targets for the Treatment of Gastric Cancer

Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyze the significance of glucose metabolism-related enzymes in the proliferation of gastric cancer under hypoxia. Four hypoxia-resistant gastric cancer cell lines and 4 parent cell lines were used. RT-PCR was used to evaluate the mRNA expression levels of the following metabolism-related enzymes: pyruvate kinase isozymes M2 (PKM2), glutaminase (GLS), enolase 1 (ENO1), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), and PKM1. The effects of these enzymes on the proliferation of gastric cancer cells were examined using siRNAs, Shikonin as a PKM2 inhibitor, or BPTES as a GLS inhibitor, in vitro and in vivo. Levels of both PKM2 and GLS mRNA were significantly high in all hypoxia-resistant cell lines, compared with those of their parent cells. Knockdown of PKM2 and GLS significantly decreased the proliferation of all of hypoxia-resistant cells. The combination of siPKM2 and siGLS significantly decreased proliferation compared with treatment by siPKM2 or siGLS alone. The knockdown of ENO1, G6PDH, or PKM1 did not decrease the proliferation of all hypoxia-resistant cells. Combination treatment by Shikonin and BPTES inhibited the proliferation of all hypoxia-resistant cancer cells more than that by either one of the two agents. The in vivo study indicated that the tumor size treated by the combination of Shikonin and BPTES was significantly smaller than that of vehicle-treated group. These findings suggested that PKM2 and GLS might play important roles in the proliferation of hypoxic gastric cancer cells. A combination of PKM2 and GLS inhibitors might be therapeutically promising for the treatment of gastric cancer.

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Society Page

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Multiple primary squamous cell carcinomas of the lower lip and tongue arising in discoid lupus erythematosus: a case report

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) developing in lesions of discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) is rare, most frequently arising on sun-exposed skin and very rarely affecting the lips. A review of the English language literature revealed only 21 published cases of labial SCC in patients with DLE. Here, an unusual case of a patient with DLE who developed 3 primary SCCs of the oral and perioral region is presented. A 40-year-old female with a 24-year history of DLE with peri- and intraoral involvement initially developed SCC of the vermillion border of the right lower lip; the lesion was surgically removed and did not recur within 6 months.

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DNA methylation polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array of apoptosis-related genes in pleomorphic adenomas of the salivary glands

The aim of this study was to evaluate the DNA methylation profile in 22 apoptosis-related genes in pleomorphic adenomas (PAs) of the salivary glands, in comparison with normal salivary glands (NSGs), and to address the differences in methylation patterns between smaller and larger tumors. Additionally, we investigated if the hypermethylation of differentially methylated genes between NSGs and PAs impacted the messenger RNA (mRNA) transcription.

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Brazilian scientific production in Oral Medicine and Oral Pathology

Brazil houses 221 schools of dentistry, 56 of those in public universities (maintained by the state) and 165 in private institutions. Brazil has 22 dental Specialties recognized by the Federal Council of Dentistry. Oral pathology was recognized as a specialty in 1971, and there are currently 380 registered oral pathology specialists. Stomatology (oral medicine) was recognized as a specialty in 1992 and has 808 registered members.1 In Brazil, there are 166 graduate programs (MSc and PhD degrees) in the various branches of Dentistry, and 2 institutions offer specific courses in oral medicine and oral pathology (School of Dentistry, University of Rio Grande do Norte – UFRN and Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas – FOP –UNICAMP).

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An unusual microscopic pattern of foreign body reaction as a complication of dry socket management

Foreign body reactions in the oral cavity are relatively common, frequently due to iatrogenic causes. Depending on the nature of the foreign material, various microscopic patterns may be observed causing diagnostic difficulties. Recognition of the ensuing unusual microscopic pattern, especially for cases in which the possibility of a foreign body reaction is not entertained in the clinical differential diagnosis, necessitates sufficient degree of suspicion, familiarization with the spectrum of microscopic appearances and careful clinicopathologic correlation.

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Osteoradionecrosis: a review of pathophysiology, prevention and pharmacological management using pentoxyfilline, alpha-tocopherol and clodronate.

A significant complication of radiotherapy to the head and neck for cancer treatment is osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the jaws. The management of ORN can be complex and often requires a multimodality approach. Non-surgical treatments with or without adjunct measures and surgical interventions have all been employed based on staging of the disease process. New theories on the pathophysiology of ORN have led to the identification of novel treatment modalities including pharmacological management using pentoxifylline, tocopherol and clodronate (together referred to as "Pentoclo").

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Contrast-enhanced ultrasound for diagnosis of an enlarged cervical lymph node in a patient with oropharyngeal cancer: a case report

In oral and oropharyngeal cancer, the presence of regional neck metastasis strongly influences treatment planning and survival prognosis. A number of imaging techniques can be utilized in the clinic for diagnosis and staging. A patient with oropharyngeal cancer was staged T2 cN1 after clinical examination, computed tomography, and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography with computed tomography. Contrast-enhanced microbubble imaging was applied for diagnosis of a lymph node suspected of harboring a metastasis.

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Clinicopathologic significance of in vivo antinuclear autoantibodies in oral mucosal biopsies

Although antinuclear autoantibody (ANA) staining of oral biopsy specimens is indicative of chronic ulcerative stomatitis, it is not known whether this staining is characteristic of other autoimmune diseases. Our study was undertaken to characterize the various in vivo ANA patterns detected in the oral mucosa by direct immunofluorescence to describe the associated hematoxylin and eosin findings, and determine whether patients with these findings had a coexisting systemic connective tissue disease.

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Accuracy of biomarkers obtained from cone beam computed tomography in assessing the internal trabecular structure of the mandibular condyle

The aim of this study was to validate the ability of CBCT to measure condylar internal trabecular bone structure and bone texture parameters accurately.

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Axitinib-related osteonecrosis of the jaw

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are oral chemotherapy drugs used primarily to treat leukemias, renal cell carcinomas, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, and neuroendocrine tumors. Within this group, a number of drugs have already been implicated in jaw necrosis. Axitinib (Inlyta) is a novel TKI currently licensed for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. We report the first case, to our knowledge, of jaw necrosis solely related to this medication and review the literature surrounding TKIs and their implication in osteonecrosis of the jaw.

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IJMS, Vol. 18, Pages 2136: Plasma miR-155, miR-203, and miR-205 are Biomarkers for Monitoring of Primary Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas

IJMS, Vol. 18, Pages 2136: Plasma miR-155, miR-203, and miR-205 are Biomarkers for Monitoring of Primary Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas

International Journal of Molecular Sciences doi: 10.3390/ijms18102136

Authors: Nina Dusílková Petra Bašová Jindřich Polívka Ondřej Kodet Vojtěch Kulvait Michal Pešta Marek Trněný Tomáš Stopka

Primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) affect the skin and tend to transform and spread. CTCL involves primarily the Mycosis fungoides (MF) and more aggressive Sezary syndrome (SS). Oncogenic microRNAs (miRs) are stable epigenetic inhibitors often deregulated in the tumour and detectable as biomarkers in non-cellular fractions of peripheral blood. The tumour-specific expression of miR-155, miR-203, and miR-205 was shown to correctly diagnose CTCL. We herein asked whether these microRNAs can be used as plasma biomarkers for clinical CTCL monitoring. Patients with CTCL (n = 10) and controls with non-malignant conditions (n = 11) repeatedly donated plasma samples every ca. five months. MicroRNAs were detected in the plasma samples by specifically-primed RT-PCR followed by multivariate analyses of the miR expression dynamics. We herein established the plasma miR-classifier for detecting CTCL based on the miR-155 upregulation and miR-203/miR-205 downregulation with 100% specificity and 94% sensitivity. The 3-miR-score in the consecutive samples coincided with the clinical outcome of MF and SS patients such as the therapy response or changes in the clinical stage or tumor size. Quantitation of the selected microRNAs in plasma is a specific and straightforward approach for evaluating CTCL outcome representing, thus, a valuable tool for CTCL diagnostics and therapy response monitoring.

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IJMS, Vol. 18, Pages 2148: Interaction between Rho GTPases and 14-3-3 Proteins

IJMS, Vol. 18, Pages 2148: Interaction between Rho GTPases and 14-3-3 Proteins

International Journal of Molecular Sciences doi: 10.3390/ijms18102148

Authors: Daniel Brandwein Zhixiang Wang

The Rho GTPase family accounts for as many as 20 members. Among them, the archetypes RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42 have been the most well-characterized. Like all members of the small GTPases superfamily, Rho proteins act as molecular switches to control cellular processes by cycling between active, GTP-bound and inactive, GDP-bound states. The 14-3-3 family proteins comprise seven isoforms. They exist as dimers (homo- or hetero-dimer) in cells. They function by binding to Ser/Thr phosphorylated intracellular proteins, which alters the conformation, activity, and subcellular localization of their binding partners. Both 14-3-3 proteins and Rho GTPases regulate cell cytoskeleton remodeling and cell migration, which suggests a possible interaction between the signaling pathways regulated by these two groups of proteins. Indeed, more and more emerging evidence indicates the mutual regulation of these two signaling pathways. There have been many documented reviews of 14-3-3 protein and Rac1 separately, but there is no review regarding the interaction and mutual regulation of these two groups of proteins. Thus, in this article we thoroughly review all the reported interactions between the signaling pathways regulated by 14-3-3 proteins and Rho GTPases (mostly Rac1).

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Around the Valley | Waste tires, free dental for kids, GOP meeting, Central reunion

A waste tire amnesty event will be held 8 a.m. to noon Saturday, or until the trailer is filled, at Pinedale Elementary School, 7171 N. Sugar Pine Ave. Restrictions include: Participants must be a city of Fresno resident, no tractor or diesel tires, no business-generated tires and each resident is limited to no more than nine tires. Proof of residency is required.

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Σάββατο 14 Οκτωβρίου 2017

Reperfusion

Reperfusion: The restoration of blood flow to an organ or to tissue. After a heart attack, an immediate goal is to quickly open blocked arteries and reperfuse the heart muscles. Early reperfusion minimizes the extent of heart muscle damage and preserves the pumping function of the heart.

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Medicaid still target of health care reform

What's going to happen to health care now that Senate Republicans have failed to pass their bill that would have replaced much of the Affordable Care Act? In particular, what's going to happen to Medicaid, the government's largest insurance program, which covers 74 million Americans? This is a good time to clarify what was at stake and might still be up for grabs in the months to come. Despite its importance to so many people, Medicaid always has been the health system's stepchild.

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Αρχειοθήκη ιστολογίου

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Κυριακή 15 Οκτωβρίου 2017

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Σάββατο 14 Οκτωβρίου 2017

Αναζήτηση αυτού του ιστολογίου

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