The preparation and characterization of nanopipettes—promising devices for electrochemical, optical, and mass spectrometric measurements at the nanoscale—are the theme of this Minireview. Their application enables the dynamics and properties of single molecules and particles to be uncovered. Furthermore, new detection mechanisms based on nanopipettes have led to detailed information on single cells at high resolution.
Abstract
Nanopipettes provide a promising confined space that enables advances in electrochemical, optical, and mass spectrometric measurements at the nanoscale. They have been employed to reveal the hidden population properties and dynamics of single molecules and single particles. Moreover, new detection mechanisms based on nanopipettes have led to detailed information on single cells at high spatial and temporal resolution. In this Minireview, we focus on the fabrication and characterization of nanopipettes, summarize their wide applications for the analysis of single entities, and conclude with an outlook for advanced practical sensing.
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Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos 72100 Crete Greece,00302841026182,00306932607174,alsfakia@gmail.com,