Vascular Malformations

Abstract

Purpose of Review

The purpose of this review is to describe up-to-date diagnosis and management of vascular malformations.

Recent Findings

Traditional treatment modalities include surgery, sclerotherapy, and laser therapy. Landmark research suggests that lymphatic malformations and other vascular malformations are caused by somatic mutations such as PIK3CA, and may be treated successfully medically.

Summary

Therapy targeting the phosphatidylinositide-3-kinase/protein kinase B/mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling pathway (mTOR) may be helpful in treating some vascular anomalies. Multimodal therapy such as intralesional injection of n-butyl cyanoacrylate followed by surgical resection may be successful in treating other lesions. In carefully selected cases in which fetal imaging detects vascular anomalies, an ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) may be beneficial. Multidisciplinary collaboration is key to the successful management of patients with vascular malformations.

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