Open flap debridement of peri-implantitis with or without adjunctive systemic antibiotics - a randomized clinical trial

Abstract

Aims

To investigate clinical, radiographic and microbiological outcome over 12 months following open flap debridement of peri-implantitis with or without antibiotics.

Materials and methods

Peri-implantitis was surgically treated with or without Zithromax^® in 19 control and 20 test individuals. Probing pocket depth (PPD), gingival inflammation (BOP), intra-oral radiographs and microbial samples were studied. Per protocol, and intent to treat analyzes were performed.

Results

The mean difference (reduction) in PPD values between baseline and month 12 in the test and control groups were: 1.7 mm (SD ± 1.1, 95% CI: 1.1, 2.3, p < 0.001), and 1.6 mm (SD ± 1.5, 95% CI: 0.8, 2,4, p < 0.001), respectively. Data analysis failed to show study group differences for BOP, PPD, radiographic bone level, and microbial load.

Succesful treatment (per protocol: PPD≤ 5 mm, no BOP, no suppuration and no bone loss ≥ 0.5 mm) at 12 months in test and control groups were 7/15 (46.7%), and 4/16 (25.0%). Bacterial load reduction was similar in study groups with a temporary reduction following treatment.

Conclusions

Surgical treatment of peri-implantitis with adjunctive systemic azithromycin did not provide one-year clinical benefits in comparison to those only receiving open flap debridement.

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