Otitis Media with Effusion (OME) is an inflammatory condition of the middle ear cleft, acute or chronic, with collection of fluid in the middle ear with an intact tympanic membrane. It is a very common disease...
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Τρίτη 14 Νοεμβρίου 2017
Otitis media with effusion and atopy: is there a causal relationship?
Is Metal Particle Release Associated with Peri-implant Bone Destruction? An Emerging Concept.
Is Metal Particle Release Associated with Peri-implant Bone Destruction? An Emerging Concept.
J Dent Res. 2017 Nov 01;:22034517740560
Authors: Fretwurst T, Nelson K, Tarnow DP, Wang HL, Giannobile WV
Abstract
Peri-implant diseases affecting the surrounding structures of endosseous dental implants include peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. The prevalence of peri-implantitis ranges between 15% and 20% after 10 y, highlighting the major challenge in clinical practice in the rehabilitation of dental implant patients. The widespread nature of peri-implant bone loss poses difficulties in the management of biological complications affecting the long-term success of osseointegrated implant reconstructions. Metal and titanium particles have been detected in peri-implant supporting tissues. However, it remains unclear what mechanisms could be responsible for the elicitation of particle and ion release and whether these released implant-associated materials have a local and/or systemic impact on the peri-implant soft and hard tissues. Metal particle release as a potential etiologic factor has been intensively studied in the field of orthopedics and is known to provoke aseptic loosening around arthroplasties and is associated with implant failures. In dental medicine, emerging information about metal/titanium particle release suggests that the potential impact of biomaterials at the abutment or bone interfaces may have an influence on the pathogenesis of peri-implant bone loss. This mini-review highlights current evidence of metal particle release around dental implants and future areas for research.
PMID: 29130804 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Autophagy and innate immunity: Insights from invertebrate model organisms.
Autophagy and innate immunity: Insights from invertebrate model organisms.
Autophagy. 2017 Nov 13;:0
Authors: Kuo CJ, Hansen M, Troemel E
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is a fundamental intracellular degradation process with multiple roles in immunity, including direct elimination of intracellular microorganisms via 'xenophagy.' In this review, we summarize studies from the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans that highlight the roles of autophagy in innate immune responses to viral, bacterial, and fungal pathogens. Research from these genetically tractable invertebrates has uncovered several conserved immunological paradigms, such as direct targeting of intracellular pathogens by xenophagy and regulation of autophagy by pattern recognition receptors in D. melanogaster. Although C. elegans has no known pattern recognition receptors, this organism has been particularly useful in understanding many aspects of innate immunity. Indeed, work in C. elegans was the first to show xenophagic targeting of microsporidia, a fungal pathogen that infects all animals, and to identify TFEB/HLH-30, a helix-loop-helix transcription factor, as an evolutionarily conserved regulator of autophagy gene expression and host tolerance. Studies in C. elegans have also highlighted the more recently appreciated relationship between autophagy and tolerance to extracellular pathogens. Studies of simple, short-lived invertebrates such as flies and worms will continue to provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms by which autophagy and immunity pathways intersect and their contribution to organismal survival.
PMID: 29130360 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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CARMAT sends pulses racing with AddUp 3D printing partnership
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‘24 Diciembre XXXV’:revueltas de un poema de Picasso
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Influence of different smear layers on bond durability of self-etch adhesives
Source:Dental Materials
Author(s): Toshiki Takamizawa, Wayne W. Barkmeier, Keiichi Sai, Akimasa Tsujimoto, Arisa Imai, Robert L. Erickson, Mark A. Latta, Masashi Miyazaki
ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine the influence of different smear layers on enamel and dentin bond durability of various types of self-etch adhesives.MethodsTwo universal adhesives, Scotchbond Universal (SU) and Prime & Bond elect (PE); a conventional single-step self-etch adhesive, G-ænial Bond (GB); and two two-step self-etch adhesives, Optibond XTR (OX) and Clearfil SE Bond (SE) were used in this study. Shear bond strengths (SBS) and shear fatigue strengths (SFS) to human enamel and dentin were determined with different smear layer conditions. The prepared specimens were divided into three groups. The bonding surfaces were prepared by grinding with either (1) #180, (2) #600, or (3) #4000-SiC papers before making the bonded assemblies. For each group, 15 specimens were prepared for the SBS and 30 specimens for the SFS.ResultsThe two-step self-etch adhesives showed significantly higher SFS values than the single-step self-etch adhesives, regardless of the smear layer condition or substrate. Although most of the tested adhesives showed no significant differences in enamel SFS values among the smear layer groups, SU, GB, and SE showed significantly lower SFS values in the #180 in dentin groups than the #600 and #4000 groups.ConclusionThe influence of different smear layer conditions on bond durability was adhesive dependent. Furthermore, the smear layers generated on different substrates also influenced the bond quality of the self-etch adhesives.SignificanceSmear layer conditions of enamel and dentin influence the bond durability of universal adhesives and conventional single and two-step self-etch adhesives.
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Interrelation of the Circulating and Tissue MicroRNA-21 with Tissue PDCD4 Expression and the Invasiveness of Iraqi Female Breast Tumors
Abstract
The changes in the translational repression and variation in mRNA degradation induced by micro RNA are important aspects of tumorigenesis. The association of microRNA-21 with clinicopathologic features and expression of programed cell death 4 (PDCD4) in Iraqi female's with breast tumors has not been studied. MicroRNAs were extracted from a set of 60 breast tumor tissues and blood samples of females with breast cancer and benign breast lesions obtained after breast-reductive surgery, and only blood samples from 30 normal volunteers. These extracts were evaluated for miR-21 expression by quantitative RT-PCR. Analysis of PDCD4 protein expression was carried out as miR-21 target gene by immunohistochemical tests and correlating the results with patients' clinicopathological features. Significant overexpression of miRNA-21 was found in breast cancer group. The fold increase in the miR-21 gene expression was significantly higher in circulating exosomes and breast tissues of breast cancer patients as compared to other groups (P < 0.001). Overexpression of miR-21 was also significantly associated with the advanced tumor stage and histological grade. In breast cancer patients, PDCD4 protein expression was decreased to about 70% of the level in the control group. The delta Ct of exosomal and breast tissue miRNA-21 was negatively associated with PDCD4 expression. In conclusion, the translational repression of the PDCD4 induced by the high expression of miR-21 promotes breast cell transformation and development of breast tumor, and circulating miR-21 level could be applied to the screening panels for early detection of women breast cancer.
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Discourse measurement in aphasia: consensus and caveats
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Discourse measurement in aphasia research: have we reached the tipping point?
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Natsis appeal of impaired driving causing death conviction to be heard Tuesday
Christy Natsis is appealing her conviction of impaired and dangerous driving causing death after her SUV crossed the lane and struck the truck driven by Bryan Casey. Six-and-a half years after Pembroke dentist Christy Natsis drove across the centre line of a highway and killed Bryan Casey, a 50-year-old father of three, the Ontario Court of Appeal will hear arguments on Tuesday about why she should be acquitted or ordered a new trial.
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Charity mobile dental clinic heads to West Auckland to service those in need
Revive a Smile charity founder Dr Assil Russell said it was the first time the clinic would be in Auckland since starting in Hamilton in 2012. "We've always wanted to go to Auckland.
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Oral administration of Lactobacillus plantarum CJLP133 and CJLP243 alleviates birch pollen induced allergic rhinitis in mice.
Oral administration of Lactobacillus plantarum CJLP133 and CJLP243 alleviates birch pollen induced allergic rhinitis in mice.
J Appl Microbiol. 2017 Nov 12;:
Authors: Choi SP, Oh HN, Choi CY, Ahn H, Yun HS, Chung YM, Kim B, Lee SJ, Chun T
Abstract
AIMS: In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of selected probiotics in a mouse model of birch pollen (BP)-induced allergic rhinitis.
METHODS AND RESULTS: Oral administration of lactobacillus plantarum CJLP133 and CJLP243 ameliorated the symptoms of BP-induced allergic rhinitis by reducing airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), and both the histological scores and the number of infiltrated cells in the nasal cavities and lungs. Compared with those from vehicle-treated mice, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and draining lymph node samples from CJLP133 and CJLP243-administrated mice showed diminished numbers of immune cells, increased secretion of a Th1-type cytokine (IFN-γ), and decreased production of Th2-type cytokines (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13). Consistent with these results, levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, serum IgE, and BP-specific serum IgG1 were decreased, whereas secretion of IFN-γ and BP-specific serum IgG2a were augmented upon administration of CJLP133 and CJLP243 in mice.
CONCLUSION: Oral administration of lactobacillus plantarum CJLP133 and CJLP243 alleviates symptoms of BP-induced allergic rhinitis in mice by recovering Th1/Th2 balance via enhancement of the Th1-type immune response.
SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Lactobacillus plantarum CJLP133 and CJLP243 have therapeutic effects on BP-induced allergic rhinitis in an animal model. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
PMID: 29130606 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Persistent Luminescence Nanophosphor Involved Near-Infrared Optical Bioimaging for Investigation of Foodborne Probiotics Biodistribution in Vivo: A Proof-of-Concept Study.
 | Related Articles |
Persistent Luminescence Nanophosphor Involved Near-Infrared Optical Bioimaging for Investigation of Foodborne Probiotics Biodistribution in Vivo: A Proof-of-Concept Study.
J Agric Food Chem. 2017 Sep 20;65(37):8229-8240
Authors: Liu Y, Liu JM, Zhang D, Ge K, Wang P, Liu H, Fang G, Wang S
Abstract
Probiotics has attracted great attention in food nutrition and safety research field, but thus far there are limited analytical techniques for visualized and real-time monitoring of the probiotics when they are ingested in vivo. Herein, the optical bioimaging technique has been introduced for investigation of foodborne probiotics biodistribution in vivo, employing the near-infrared (NIR) emitting persistent luminescence nanophosphors (PLNPs) of Cr(3+)-doped zinc gallogermanate (ZGGO) as the contrast nanoprobes. The ultrabrightness, super long afterglow, polydispersed size, low toxicity, and excellent photostability and biocompatibility of PLNPs were demonstrated to be qualified as a tracer for labeling probiotics via antibody (anti-Gram positive bacteria LTA antibody) recognition as well as contrast agent for long-term bioimaging the probiotics. In vivo optical bioimaging assay showed that the LTA antibody functionalized ZGGO nanoprobes that could be efficiently tagged to the probiobics were successfully applied for real-time monitoring and nondamaged probing of the biodistribution of probiotics inside the living body after oral administration. This work presents a proof-of-concept that exploited the bioimaging methodology for real-time and nondamaged researching the foodborne probiotics behaviors in vivo, which would open up a novel way of food safety detection and nutrition investigation.
PMID: 28837320 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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The effects of Icariin on wound healing of extraction sites with administration of Zoledronic and Dexamethasone: A rat model study.
The effects of Icariin on wound healing of extraction sites with administration of Zoledronic and Dexamethasone: A rat model study.
J Oral Pathol Med. 2017 Nov 11;:
Authors: Liu J, Mattheos N, Su C, Deng C, Luo N, Wang Z, Tang H
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study was intended to investigate the effects of Icariin on the healing of tooth extraction sites under systemic administration of Zoledronic and Dexamethasone.
METHOD: Thirty female rats underwent bilateral ovariectomy and were randomly assigned to 5 groups: SS group received weekly injection of saline while ZD, ZD+LICA, ZD+MICA and ZD+HICA groups received Zoledronic with Dexamethasone for 8 weeks. One week later, mandibular first molars were extracted in all groups. Then 30, 60, 120mg/kg Icariin were intragastricly given to ZD+LICA, ZD+MICA and ZD+HICA groups daily for 10 weeks while saline was given to SS group and ZD group. Blood samples and mandibles were harvested for examinations after 10 weeks.
RESULTS: Significantly smaller wound area was noted in SS and ZD+HICA groups but the incidence of bisphosphonates-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (BRONJ) was not significantly different. Groups injected with Zoledronic and Dexamethasone had higher C-terminal crosslinked telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX-1), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP 5b) and the number of osteoclast cells, with less vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and osteocalcin (OCN). In contrast, CTX-1, TRACP 5b and the number of osteoclast cells declined after using Icariin and promoted VEGF and OCN were noted; and the effects were in a dosage-dependent manner.
CONCLUSION: Concurrent use of Zoledronic and Dexamethasone inhibits expression of VEGF, OCN and wound healing; and increases the number of osteoclast cells, serum CTX-1 and TRACP-5b after discontinuation for ten weeks. Icariin weakens those effects at a dose-dependent manner but does not influence onset of BRONJ. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
PMID: 29130610 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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The utility of oral brush cytology in the early detection of oral cancer and oral potentially malignant disorders: A systematic review.
The utility of oral brush cytology in the early detection of oral cancer and oral potentially malignant disorders: A systematic review.
J Oral Pathol Med. 2017 Nov 12;:
Authors: Husain A, Kujan O, Farah CS
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: This systematic review aimed to analyze the published evidence for the use of oral brush cytology for the early detection of oral cancer and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs).
METHODS: Literature was systematically searched through several databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, SCOPUS, Cochrane Library and Web of Science. Additional review was performed through cross checks on the bibliographies of selected articles. The inclusion criteria involved studies assessing the utility of oral brush cytology on human tissues and its applications in the diagnosis, screening or surveillance of oral cancer or OPMDs.
RESULTS: The search strategy resulted in 343 abstracts or full-text articles, of which 36 met the inclusion criteria. The year of publication ranged from 1994 to 2017, and a total of 4302 samples from OPMDs, oral squamous cell carcinoma, and healthy controls have been investigated. Baby toothbrush, Cytobrush, OralCDx(®) , and Orcellex(®) are the brushes that were used to obtain transepithelial mucosal samples for conventional and liquid-based cytology evaluation.
CONCLUSIONS: Findings from this paper indicate that meaningful evidence-based recommendations for the implementation of a minimally-invasive technique to be utilized as an adjunctive tool for screening and early detection of oral cancer and OPMDs are complicated from the reported studies in the literature. There is need for well-designed clinical studies to assess the accuracy of oral brush cytology utilizing validated cytological assessment criteria for the diagnosis and prediction of OPMDs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
PMID: 29130527 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Necessity of admission to improve the hearing-recovery rate in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss
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Nodular Lymphocyte-Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma in Progressive Transformation of Germinal Centers
Nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma is an uncommon variant of Hodgkin lymphoma. Progressive transformation of germinal centers has been associated with and can develop prior to, concurrent with, or after the diagnosis of nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma. We present a patient with a history of progressive transformation of germinal centers of the right parotid who presented 4 years later with ipsilateral parotid mass and cervical adenopathy. Knowledge of her previous diagnosis raised our concern for lymphoma, influenced our surgical management, and spared the patient additional surgery with risk of facial nerve injury inherent in revision parotidectomy.
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Tissue repair after selective alveolar corticotomy in orthodontic patients:A preliminary study.
Tissue repair after selective alveolar corticotomy in orthodontic patients:A preliminary study.
Angle Orthod. 2017 Nov 13;:
Authors: Medeiros RB, Pires FR, Kantarci A, Capelli J
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To analyze histologic findings of bone remodeling at the time of surgery and 90 days later at corticotomized and noncorticotomized sites.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight adult patients with bilaterally inclined mandibular molars were included in this split-mouth study. Corticotomy was performed on the test side, and bone was harvested on both mandibular hemi-arches. Bone blocks were shipped to Forsyth Institute lab (Boston, Mass). After surgery, cantilevers were activated to upright inclined mandibular molars on both sides. Approximately 90 days after surgery, new mandibular bone blocks were harvested from test and control sites. Histologic analyses were performed on both groups (test and control sides) at two time points: baseline (T0) and 90 days after surgery (T90). Bone blocks were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and Masson's trichrome. The protocols enabled screening of new bone formation and collagen in mineralized and nonmineralized connective tissue. Outcomes were compared using a clustered generalized estimating equations model Results: The test group at T90 exhibited an increase of 16% of primary bone (P < .05), an increase of 6.6 in osteocytes quantity (P = .039), and an increase of 4.06 in reversal lines quantity (P = .924). Both groups exhibited a decrease in the inorganic proportion.
CONCLUSIONS: The intentional bone injury performed in adult patients undergoing orthodontic treatment can be considered temporary and reversible. Evidence indicates that baseline bone characteristics are unaltered.
PMID: 29131664 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Factors associated with long-term vertical skeletal changes induced by facemask therapy in patients with Class III malocclusion.
Factors associated with long-term vertical skeletal changes induced by facemask therapy in patients with Class III malocclusion.
Angle Orthod. 2017 Nov 13;:
Authors: Kwak HJ, Park HJ, Kim YJ, Lee DY
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the long-term vertical skeletal changes induced by facemask therapy in patients with Class III malocclusion and different vertical skeletal patterns.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 54 patients (20 boys and 34 girls; mean age, 7.7 ± 2.0 years) with Class III malocclusion who were successfully treated with facemask therapy were included in this study. Vertical skeletal changes (overbite depth indicator, angle between the Sella-Nasion (SN) plane and Gonion-Gnathion (GoGn) line, angle between the Frankfort horizontal (FH) plane and mandibular plane, gonial angle, and angle between the SN plane and palatal plane) were measured on lateral cephalograms from before treatment (T0) to after facemask therapy (T1) and from T0 to after retention (T2). Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to study the associations of the patients' skeletal patterns with the short-term (T0-T1) and long-term (T0-T2) vertical skeletal changes as a result of facemask therapy.
RESULTS: The mean treatment period of facemask therapy (T0-T1) was 1.4 ± 0.6 years, and the mean retention period (T1-T2) was 6.9 ± 2.6 years. Age at T0 was significantly correlated with vertical skeletal changes from T0 to T1. Differences in the treatment results between sexes were not significant. The angle between point A-point B line and mandibular plane to mandibular plane angle at T0 and the angle between the FH plane and mandibular plane at T0 were significant predictors for short-term and long-term changes. Changes in the Sella-Nasion-point A from T0 to T1 and from T1 to T2 significantly affected vertical changes in the short term and long term, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: Vertical skeletal changes as a result of facemask therapy are significantly associated with severity of the skeletal Class III malocclusion and mandibular plane angulation before treatment and the amount of forward maxillary growth during the treatment and retention periods.
PMID: 29131663 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Cancer induction and suppression with transcriptional control and epigenome editing technologies
Cancer induction and suppression with transcriptional control and epigenome editing technologies
Cancer induction and suppression with transcriptional control and epigenome editing technologies, Published online: 14 November 2017; doi:10.1038/s10038-017-0377-8
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Pain: A Sociological Introduction
 |  | Pain in one form or another is probably the most common symptom presented to medical and healthcare professionals. Long a subject of biomedical interest, more recent biopsychosocial theories have extended the study of pain as a concept which is highly individual in the way it is experienced. Today's landscape offers a broad array of approaches to understanding pain and, crucially, to alleviating its impact. This concise and accessible volume aims to Read More... |
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Entwicklungen in der Dysphagiediagnostik
Zusammenfassung
Demographische Entwicklung und medizinischer Fortschritt bedingen, dass die schon heute hohe Prävalenz von Schluckstörungen weiter steigen wird. Bei unveränderten fachärztlichen und ökonomischen Ressourcen gilt es, Dysphagien effizient zu diagnostizieren und den Patienten ein individuelles Therapiekonzept anzubieten. Die mannigfaltigen und oft koexistenten Ursachen von Dysphagie begründen die wichtige interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit in diesem Bereich. Die fundierte Endoskopie des oberen Aerodigestivtrakts – eine Domäne der HNO-Ärzte und Phoniater – nimmt eine herausragende Rolle in der Dysphagiediagnostik ein. Das hier vorgestellte Konzept einer phoniatrisch geleiteten Dysphagie-Tagesklinik erlaubt eine fundierte und effiziente Abklärung von Schluckstörungen und bietet den Patienten ein entsprechend abgestimmtes Therapiekonzept. Technische Neuerungen wie der Einsatz von „narrow band imaging" (NBI) zur verbesserten Visualisierung des Speisebolus oder spezielle Untersuchungsmethoden wie das „Dipping-Manöver" zur direkten Inspektion der Subglottis und Trachea aus nächster Nähe haben die endoskopische Dysphagiediagnostik weiter verbessert. Es hat sich bewährt, den Untersuchungsablauf und die Auswahl von Testkonsistenzen und Placebotabletten individuell auf den Patienten abzustimmen, ohne strikten Schemata zu folgen. Aufgabe des HNO-Arztes bzw. Phoniaters ist es, den schluckgestörten Patienten individuell und abhängig von Grunderkrankung, Prognose, Lebensumständen sowie eigenen Wünschen zu beurteilen und zu beraten. Ein interdisziplinäres Team aus Ärzten und Therapeuten ermöglicht eine individuelle Beratung und Therapieplanung.
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Dentist Holds Free Dental Day for Community
LANGHORNE, Pa: Dr. Arpan Patel runs a successful dental practice known as Alpha Dental Excellence. This is an amazingly state of the art dental facility that encompasses all aspects of dentistry under one roof.
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Use of mathematical modelling to assess the impact of vaccines on antibiotic resistance
Publication date: Available online 13 November 2017
Source:The Lancet Infectious Diseases
Author(s): Katherine E Atkins, Erin I Lafferty, Sarah R Deeny, Nicholas G Davies, Julie V Robotham, Mark Jit
Antibiotic resistance is a major global threat to the provision of safe and effective health care. To control antibiotic resistance, vaccines have been proposed as an essential intervention, complementing improvements in diagnostic testing, antibiotic stewardship, and drug pipelines. The decision to introduce or amend vaccination programmes is routinely based on mathematical modelling. However, few mathematical models address the impact of vaccination on antibiotic resistance. We reviewed the literature using PubMed to identify all studies that used an original mathematical model to quantify the impact of a vaccine on antibiotic resistance transmission within a human population. We reviewed the models from the resulting studies in the context of a new framework to elucidate the pathways through which vaccination might impact antibiotic resistance. We identified eight mathematical modelling studies; the state of the literature highlighted important gaps in our understanding. Notably, studies are limited in the range of pathways represented, their geographical scope, and the vaccine–pathogen combinations assessed. Furthermore, to translate model predictions into public health decision making, more work is needed to understand how model structure and parameterisation affects model predictions and how to embed these predictions within economic frameworks.
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Visfatin, PON-1 Levels in Iraqi Hyperthyroidism Patient’s with Dyslipidemia
Abstract
In the study, it is aimed to research the likely role of visfatin in hyperthyroid and subclinical hyperthyroid status related to dislipidemia, after determining the visfatin and PON-1 levels thirty healthy individuals were enrolled in this study as control group and thirty hyperthyroidism patient's with dyslipidemia they were treated with. The subjects aged ranged (30–50) years and with BMI (25–29) kg/m2. Serum was used in determination of lipid profile total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), thyroid threonine (T3) and thyroxin (T4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), visfatin and paraoxonase-1 (PON-1). The results showed significant increase in T3, T4, TC, TG, LDL and VLDL in patient group when comparing to control group. While significant decrease was found in TSH and HDL in patient group when comparing to control group. The results also represented significant increase in visfatin levels in patient group comparing to control group. While there are significant reducation in PON-1 levels in patient group comparing to control group. The conclusion could be drown from this study that visfatin and PON-1 effected hyperthyroidism patient's with dyslipidemia All the patients in hyperthyroid group were heterozygotes for Familial Hypercholesterolemia is a disorder that is passed down through families. It causes LDL (bad) cholesterol level to be very high. The condition begins at birth and can cause heart attacks at an early age.
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Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in IrAN (The PERSIAN Cohort): Rationale, Objectives and Design
ABSTRACT
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) account for 76% of deaths in Iran and this number is on the rise, parallel to global rates. Many risk factors associated with NCDs are preventable; however it is first necessary to conduct observational studies to identify relevant risk factors, and the most appropriate approach to control them. Iran is a multi-ethnic country, therefore the Ministry of Health and Medical Education sought to launch a nationwide cohort study—the Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in IrAN (PERSIAN)—in order to identify the most prevalent NCDs among Iranian ethnicities, and to investigate effective methods of prevention. The PERSIAN cohort consists of four population-based cohorts, the adult component, presented in this article, is a prospective cohort including 180,000 individuals aged 35-70 years, from 18 distinct areas of Iran. Upon joining, participants respond to interviewer-administered questionnaires. Blood, urine, hair and nail samples are collected and stored. To ensure consistency, centrally-purchased equipment is sent to all sites, and the same team trains all personnel. Routine visits and quality assurance/control measures are taken to ensure protocol adherence. Participants are followed for 15 years post-enrollment. The PERSIAN cohort is currently in the enrollment phase; cohort profiles will soon emerge.from ! ORL Sfakianakis via paythelady.61 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2hsjGfh
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Non-IgE-mediated Adverse Food Reactions
Abstract
Purpose of Review
The purpose of this review is to update what is currently known about the major non-IgE-mediated food allergies: food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES), food protein-induced allergic proctocolitis (FPIAP), and food protein-induced enteropathy (FPE). These conditions are similar in that symptoms are regulated to the gastrointestinal tract; therefore understanding their specific features is important for diagnosis and management.
Recent Findings
The most progress has been made in understanding FPIES with several recent large cohorts being described. The first international consensus guidelines for FPIES were published in 2017 and propose specific diagnostic criteria for acute FPIES as well as guidance for diagnosing chronic FPIES. Recent studies in FPIAP have challenged our thinking about the recommended duration of food avoidance and that cow's milk avoidance is the primary management with reports of self-resolution without dietary management. FPE continues to appear to be on the decline.
Summary
FPIES, FPIAP, and FPE are distinguished from one another by their main clinical features: delayed repetitive vomiting in FPIES, benign blood in stool in FPIAP, and chronic diarrhea in FPE. Due to the risk of nutritional deficiencies with food avoidance in both infant and maternal diets if breastfeeding, confirmation of diagnosis with challenges is encouraged. Additional studies are needed for these conditions to elucidate pathophysiology, search for diagnostic markers, and understand natural history.
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Correlation between intraoperative proximal segment rotation and post-sagittal split ramus osteotomy relapse: a three-dimensional cone beam computed tomography study
This study evaluated the effects of proximal segment rotation and the extent of mandibular setback on post-sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) relapse using three-dimensional (3D) analysis. Thirty-one patients diagnosed with a skeletal class III malocclusion who underwent SSRO alone were enrolled in this study. The movements of the mandibular condyles were assessed using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and a 3D imaging program at ≤1 month before the operation (T0), 1 week after the operation (T1), and 6 months (T2) and 1year (T3) postoperative. (Source: International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery)
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Effect of implant loading protocols on failure and marginal bone loss with unsplinted two-implant-supported mandibular overdentures: systematic review and meta-analysis
The aim of this study was to compare implant failure and radiographic bone level changes with different loading protocols for unsplinted two-implant-supported mandibular overdentures. An electronic search of two databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library) was performed, without language restriction, to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing immediate or early versus conventional dental implant loading protocols for unsplinted two-implant-supported mandibular overdentures. Data were extracted independently by two reviewers. (Source: International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery)
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Less healthy breakfast cereals are promoted more frequently in large supermarket chains in Canada
The majority of food expenditures are made in supermarkets and this environment influences our purchasing and food intake. Breakfast cereals are frequently marketed as healthy food choices. The objective of th...
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Δευτέρα 13 Νοεμβρίου 2017
Cover Image
The cover image, by Jianjian Qiu et al., is based on the Original Article 18F-Fluoromisonidazole positron emission tomography/CT-guided volumetric-modulated arc therapy-based dose escalation for hypoxic subvolume in nasopharyngeal carcinomas: A feasibility study, DOI: 10.1002/hed.24925.
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Pain, embarrassment and sloppy kisses - the dark side of adult braces
Do you hate them to the point of avoiding bright lipstick, laughing, talking and smiling without lifting your hand up to cover your mouth? Me too, and so like hundreds of other UK adults, I have traded the indignity of a crooked smile for the indignity of wearing an adult brace. When it comes to physical appearance, on the whole, I'm relatively laid back , being more pro-comfort than pro-looks.
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Altered connectivity patterns among resting state networks in patients with ischemic white matter lesions
Abstract
White matter lesions (WMLs) have been associated with cognitive and motor decline. Resting state networks (RSNs) are spatially coherent patterns in the human brain and their interactions sustain our daily function. Therefore, investigating the altered intra- and inter-network connectivity among the RSNs may help to understand the association of WMLs with impaired cognitive and motor function. Here, we assessed alterations in functional connectivity patterns based on six well-defined RSNs—the default mode network (DMN), dorsal attention network (DAN), frontal-parietal control network (FPCN), auditory network (AN), sensory motor network (SMN) and visual network (VN)—in 15 patients with ischemic WMLs and 15 controls. In the patients, Spearman's correlation analysis was further performed between these alterations and cognitive test scores, including Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores. Our results showed wide alterations of inter-network connectivity mainly involving the SMN, DMN, FPCN and DAN, and some alterations correlated with cognitive test scores in the patients. The reduced functional connectivities in the SMN-AN, SMN-VN, FPCN-AN, DAN-VN pairs may account for the cognitive and motor decline in patients with ischemic WMLs, while the increased functional connectivities in the DMN-AN, DMN-FPCN and DAN-FPCN pairs may reflect a functional network reorganization after damage to white matter. It is unexpected that altered intra-network connectivities were found within the AN and VN, which may explain the impairments in verbal fluency and information retrieval associated with WMLs. This study highlights the importance of functional connectivity in understanding how WMLs influence cognitive and behavior dysfunction.
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The Latest Laser Innovations in Dentistry
Photomedicine and Laser Surgery , Vol. 0, No. 0.
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In Vitro Effects of High-Intensity Laser Photobiomodulation on Equine Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Viability and Cytokine Expression
Photomedicine and Laser Surgery , Vol. 0, No. 0.
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Fluorescence Spectroscopy as a Tool for the Assessment of Liver Samples with Several Stages of Fibrosis
Photomedicine and Laser Surgery , Vol. 0, No. 0.
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Predictability of orthodontic movement with orthodontic aligners: a retrospective study
The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictability of F22 aligners (Sweden & Martina, Due Carrare, Italy) in guiding teeth into the positions planned using digital orthodontic setup.
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"Grillz trend" - do they have an impact on oral health?
ONCE seen as a popular fashion trend - and even a sign of wealth and prosperity - getting one's teeth ornamented with gold has always carried with it its own set of pros and cons. Over the years, the trend has evolved in many ways - losing ground in some areas, and totally transforming in others - as having one gold tooth has sometimes been replaced by a mouthful of gold or gemstones, popularly known as "grillz".
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ACS NSQIP risk calculator reliability in head and neck oncology: The effect of prior chemoradiation on NSQIP risk estimates following laryngectomy
To determine whether inclusion of chemoradiation history increases estimated risk for complications following total laryngectomy using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) Surgical Risk Calculator.
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Ohrmuschelplastik der Dysplasie Grad I
Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 2017; 96: 797-807
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-119044
Die Korrektur der Ohrmuscheldysplasie Grad I gehört zu den häufigsten ästhetischen Eingriffen im HNO-Gebiet. In den allermeisten Fällen liegt eine komplexe Pathologie von Anthelix, Cavum conchae und/oder Lobulus vor. Der Operateur muss deshalb nach einer genauen Analyse der Pathologie aus den verschiedenen Korrekturmöglichkeiten nach dem „Baukastenprinzip" die für das spezielle Problem geeignetsten Operationstechniken auswählen können.
[...]
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents | Abstract | Full text
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Nasenmuscheloperation: Welche olfaktorischen Leistungen werden eingeschränkt
Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 2017; 96: 753-754
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-119601
Konstantinidis I et al. Intranasal trigeminal function in patients with empty nose syndrome. Laryngoscope 2017;127: 1263–1267 Das trigeminale System vermittelt die Wahrnehmung des nasalen Luftflusses. Eine griechische Arbeitsgruppe hat nun in einer Studie untersucht, inwieweit bei „Syndrom der leeren Nase"-Patienten (Empty Nose Syndrome, ENS) die geschädigte intranasale Trigeminusfunktion Teil einer paradoxen Nasenatmungsbehinderung ist.
[...]
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents | Abstract | Full text
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Ungewöhnlicher Verlauf eines stumpfen Traumas der Halsregion im Rahmen eines Sportunfalles
Laryngo-Rhino-Otol
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-119757
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents | Full text
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Narrow Band Imaging (NBI) zur Früherkennung von Zweitkarzinomen
Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 2017; 96: 754-755
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-119566
Tirelli G et al. Follow-up of oral and oropharyngeal cancer using narrow-band imaging and high-definition television with rigid endoscope to obtain an early diagnosis of second primary tumors: a prospective study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2017; 274: 2529–2536 Italienische Wissenschaftler testeten, inwieweit nach einer Behandlung von oralen Karzinomen und Tumoren des Oropharynx mit einer starren Endoskopie mit NBI-Licht Zweittumore oder lokale Rezidive besser detektierbar sind als mit Weißlicht-Endoskopie (WLE). Darüber hinaus untersuchten sie inwieweit vorherige Radiotherapie, Läsionsseite und Lernkurve die NBI-Leistung zur Detektion mukosaler Gefäßveränderungen tangiert.
[...]
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents | Abstract | Full text
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Rhinoplastik
Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 2017; 96: 810-813
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-119386
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents | Full text
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Idiopathische subglottische Stenose: Rezidivwahrscheinlichkeit unverändert
Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 2017; 96: 755-756
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-119935
Aarnæs MT et al. Idiopathic subglottic stenosis: an epidemiological single-center study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2017; 274: 2225–2228 Wissenschaftler der HNO-Klinik der Universität Oslo untersuchten Inzidenz, Management und Behandlungsergebnisse der idiopathischen subglottischen Stenose.
[...]
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents | Abstract | Full text
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Aus der Gutachtenpraxis: Die Begutachtung der Facialisparese in der österreichischen privaten Unfallversicherung
Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 2017; 96: 792-796
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-119592
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents | Full text
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Koniotomie
Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 2017; 96: 757-758
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-119561
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents | Full text
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Fragen für die Facharztprüfung
Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 2017; 96: 808-809
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-119804
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents | Full text
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Hörverlust und Sprachverstehen im Alter
Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 2017; 96: 759-764
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-119388
Das Verstehen von Sprache bei Hintergrundgeräuschen bereitet vielen älteren Menschen Probleme. In der klinischen Praxis wird diese Qualität des Hörvermögens durch Sprachtests im Störgeräusch untersucht. Die Studie HÖRSTAT setzte den Göttinger Satztest (GÖSA) im Störgeräusch zusätzlich zur Tonaudiometrie und einer Befragung bei einer Zufallsstichprobe aus der Allgemeinbevölkerung ein. Wie erwartet nahm der Anteil Schwerhörender ab ca. 60 Jahren stark zu. Bei Ausschluss sehr hoher Hörverluste waren im Alter von 60–85 Jahren jedoch 68 % von 553 Probanden nach dem WHO-Kriterium als normalhörend einzustufen. Von diesen erreichte im GÖSA allerdings nur jeder Dritte annähernd das Sprachverstehen im Störgeräusch junger Normalhörender. Die Selbsteinschätzung des Hörvermögens folgte dabei nur eingeschränkt der messbaren Verschlechterung. Ab einem Alter von ca. 70 Jahren wurden die eigenen Hör-Fähigkeiten eher über- und die Defizite unterschätzt.
[...]
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents | Abstract | Full text
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Kommentar der Schriftleitung
Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 2017; 96: 750-751
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-122090
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents | Full text
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A novel variant in the CDH23 gene is associated with non-syndromic hearing loss in a Chinese family
To explore the pathogenic causes of a proband who was diagnosed with non-syndromic hearing loss.
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Seattle Gourmet Foods Issues Allergy Alert on Undeclared Almonds In 5 Pound Bags of Dilettante Chocolates Espresso Blend
Seattle Gourmet Foods of Kent, Washington is recalling 127 cases of Costco item # 2335, Dilettante Chocolates Espresso Blend, Espresso Beans in Semisweet, Milk and White Chocolate, because it may contain undeclared almonds. People who have an allergy or severe sensitivity to almonds run the risk of serious or life-threatening allergic reaction if they consume this product.
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The association between sleep disturbances of children with anxiety disorders and those of their mothers
Previous research has demonstrated a link between childhood anxiety and sleep problems, but little is known about the link between these difficulties and parental sleep disturbances. The purpose of the current study was to explore the association between anxious children's sleep difficulties and those of their mothers.
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Night-waking and behavior in preschoolers: A developmental trajectory approach
The aim was to study, with a developmental approach, the longitudinal association between night-waking from age 2 to 5–6 years and behavior at age 5–6 years.
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Off-label treatments were not consistently better or worse than approved drug treatments in randomized trials
Off-label drug use is highly prevalent, but controversial and often discouraged assuming generally inferior medical effects associated with off-label use.
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Soft palate reconstruction after radionecrosis: Combined anterolateral thigh adipofascial and nasoseptal flaps
Although radiation-based treatment for nasopharyngeal cancer may achieve excellent long term oncologic results, late effects of therapy may lead to soft tissue radionecrosis and velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI). Repair of these oro- and nasopharyngeal defects presents a complex reconstructive challenge. We present a case of a long-term survivor treated with chemoradiotherapy for nasopharyngeal cancer who developed progressive dysphagia, velopharyngeal insufficiency, and radionecrosis of the nasopharynx and soft palate, leading to tracheostomy and gastrostomy tube dependence.
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Effect of implant loading protocols on failure and marginal bone loss with unsplinted two-implant-supported mandibular overdentures: systematic review and meta-analysis
The aim of this study was to compare implant failure and radiographic bone level changes with different loading protocols for unsplinted two-implant-supported mandibular overdentures. An electronic search of two databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library) was performed, without language restriction, to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing immediate or early versus conventional dental implant loading protocols for unsplinted two-implant-supported mandibular overdentures. Data were extracted independently by two reviewers.
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Correlation between intraoperative proximal segment rotation and post-sagittal split ramus osteotomy relapse: a three-dimensional cone beam computed tomography study
This study evaluated the effects of proximal segment rotation and the extent of mandibular setback on post-sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) relapse using three-dimensional (3D) analysis. Thirty-one patients diagnosed with a skeletal class III malocclusion who underwent SSRO alone were enrolled in this study. The movements of the mandibular condyles were assessed using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and a 3D imaging program at ≤1 month before the operation (T0), 1 week after the operation (T1), and 6 months (T2) and 1year (T3) postoperative.
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Nutritional supplement practices of professional Ugandan athletes: a cross-sectional study
The use of nutritional supplements (NS) places athletes at great risk for inadvertent doping. Due to the paucity of data on supplement use, this study aimed to determine the proportion of Ugandan athletes usin...
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Enhanced aerobic exercise performance in women by a combination of three mineral Chelates plus two conditionally essential nutrients
Certain essential and conditionally essential nutrients (CENs) perform functions involved in aerobic exercise performance. However, increased intake of such nutrient combinations has not actually been shown to...
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Unconventional Wisconsin dentist studies narwhals
He's a dentist with an engineering degree, an insatiable curiosity and a sense of adventure, all of which has compelled him to study one of the strangest animals in the world. He's Dr. Fred Eichmiller, 62, the bearded, low-key, quick-to-chuckle vice president and chief science officer of the Stevens Point insurance company Delta Dental of Wisconsin.
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Aminoglycoside Damage and Hair Cell Regeneration in the Chicken Utricle
Abstract
In this study, we present a systematic characterization of hair cell loss and regeneration in the chicken utricle in vivo. A single unilateral surgical delivery of streptomycin caused robust decline of hair cell numbers in striolar as well as extrastriolar regions, which in the striola was detected very early, 6 h post-insult. During the initial 12 h of damage response, we observed global repression of DNA replication, in contrast to the natural, mitotic hair cell production in undamaged control utricles. Regeneration of hair cells in striolar and extrastriolar regions occurred via high rates of asymmetric supporting cell divisions, accompanied by delayed replenishment by symmetric division. While asymmetric division of supporting cells is the main regenerative response to aminoglycoside damage, the detection of symmetric divisions supports the concept of direct transdifferentiation where supporting cells need to be replenished after their phenotypic conversion into new hair cells. Supporting cell divisions appear to be well coordinated because total supporting cell numbers throughout the regenerative process were invariant, despite the initial large-scale loss of hair cells. We conclude that a single ototoxic drug application provides an experimental framework to study the precise onset and timing of utricle hair cell regeneration in vivo. Our findings indicate that initial triggers and signaling events occur already within a few hours after aminoglycoside exposure. Direct transdifferentiation and asymmetric division of supporting cells to generate new hair cells subsequently happen largely in parallel and persist for several days.
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Low-Grade Central Osteosarcoma: Report of Two Unusual Morphologic Variants
Abstract
Low-grade central osteosarcoma (LGCO) is a rare subtype of osteosarcoma, constituting < 2% of all osteosarcomas. If not treated appropriately, the tumor can recur with higher-grade disease. We report two cases of low-grade central osteosarcoma with unusual morphologic features and belonging to different age groups. Both presented with pain and swelling in the lower end of femur. Radiologically, both the lesions revealed a large mass with irregular borders and soft tissue invasion.
One patient underwent above-knee amputation and wide local excision of tumor was done in the other patient. Histologically, both the tumors showed spindle cell proliferation displaying mild atypia. In synopsis with radiology, diagnosis of low-grade central osteosarcoma was made in both cases. These cases highlight the varied morphological spectrum of low-grade central osteosarcoma and underscore the diagnostic difficulties faced. Recognition of the variants of low-grade central osteosarcoma is based on aggressive radiological appearance and on adequate tumor sampling for histologic examination.
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Comparison of cardiovascular events among treatments for overactive bladder: a Danish nationwide cohort study
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to explore the cardiovascular safety of antimuscarinic drugs to treat overactive bladder (OAB) in Denmark.
Methods
This was a cohort study using data recorded in Danish registries from patients newly exposed to darifenacin, fesoterodine, oxybutynin, solifenacin, tolterodine, or trospium in 2004–2012. We estimated crude and standardized incidence rates (IRs) for acute myocardial infarction (AMI); stroke; cardiovascular mortality; major adverse cardiac events (MACE, a combined endpoint of the previous three outcomes); and all-cause death for the individual and combined drugs. We also estimated crude, standardized, and propensity score-stratified incidence rate ratios (IRRs) comparing individual antimuscarinic drugs to tolterodine as the reference.
Results
Among 72,917 new users of OAB drugs (mean age, 66 years; 60% women), the standardized IR (95% confidence interval) per 1000 person-years for current use of any OAB drug was 2.7 (2.5–2.9) for AMI, 1.3 (1.2–1.5) for stroke, 7.8 (7.5–8.1) for MACE, 4.8 (4.5–5.0) for cardiovascular mortality, and 15.2 (14.8–15.6) for all-cause mortality. Propensity score-stratified IRRs for current use (reference, tolterodine) were close to the null for all drugs and endpoints.
Conclusions
We did not identify differences in the risk of cardiovascular events or mortality among users of individual antimuscarinic OAB drugs.
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Diagnostic performance of commercial serological assays measuring Bordetella pertussis IgG antibodies
Source:Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease
Author(s): Giorgio Fedele, Pasqualina Leone, Stefania Bellino, Ilaria Schiavoni, Claudia Pavia, Tiziana Lazzarotto, Paola Stefanelli
Due to their specificity to B. pertussis antigens, immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies should be measured primarily for diagnosing pertussis. We compared the diagnostic performance of commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and chemiluminescent immunoassays (CLIAs) measuring IgG to B. pertussis antigens. An in-house ELISA with purified pertussis toxin (PT) was used as reference system. Commercial assays using PT only as coating antigen showed better performance as compared to those using a mixture of different antigens. The best diagnostic performances were achieved by CLIAs. Results were analyzed using a dual cut-off of either ≥125IU/ml anti-PT IgG or ≥62IU/ml anti-PT IgG for the in-house ELISA and accordingly to package inserts for commercial assays. Using the in-house ELISA at a 62IU/ml cut-off, as the gold standard for interpretation of results from the commercial kits, resulted in lower sensitivity and higher specificity as compared to 125IU/ml value, thus it may be especially useful in outbreak situations when high specificity is required.
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CDC Activities for Improving Implementation of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination, Cervical Cancer Screening, and Surveillance Worldwide
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Expanding Pertussis Epidemiology in 6 Latin America Countries through the Latin American Pertussis Project
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Frontline Field Epidemiology Training Programs as a Strategy to Improve Disease Surveillance and Response
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CDC Safety Training Course for Ebola Virus Disease Healthcare Workers
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CDC Support for Global Public Health Emergency Management
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Ceftriaxone-Resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Canada, 2017
B. Lefebvre et al.
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Building Global Epidemiology and Response Capacity
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Editorial Board
Source:British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Volume 55, Issue 9
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Training Groups
Source:British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Volume 55, Issue 9
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Synchronized Spontaneous Otoacoustic Emissions Provide a Signal-to-Noise Ratio Advantage in Medial-Olivocochlear Reflex Assays
Abstract
Detection of medial olivocochlear-induced (MOC) changes to transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) requires high signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). TEOAEs associated with synchronized spontaneous (SS) OAEs exhibit higher SNRs than TEOAEs in the absence of SSOAEs, potentially making the former well suited for MOC assays. Although SSOAEs may complicate interpretation of MOC-induced changes to TEOAE latency, recent work suggests SSOAEs are not a problem in non-latency-dependent MOC assays. The current work examined the potential benefit of SSOAEs in TEOAE-based assays of the MOC efferents. It was hypothesized that the higher SNR afforded by SSOAEs would permit detection of smaller changes to the TEOAE upon activation of the MOC reflex. TEOAEs were measured in 24 female subjects in the presence and absence of contralateral broadband noise. Frequency bands with and without SSOAEs were identified for each subject. The prevalence of TEOAEs and statistically significant MOC effects were highest in frequency bands that also contained SSOAEs. The median TEOAE SNR in frequency bands with SSOAEs was approximately 8 dB higher than the SNR in frequency bands lacking SSOAEs. After normalizing by TEOAE amplitude, MOC-induced changes to the TEOAE were similar between frequency bands with and without SSOAEs. Smaller MOC effects were detectable across a subset of the frequency bands with SSOAEs, presumably due to a higher TEOAE SNR. These findings demonstrate that SSOAEs are advantageous in assays of the MOC reflex.
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Aminoglycoside Damage and Hair Cell Regeneration in the Chicken Utricle
Abstract
In this study, we present a systematic characterization of hair cell loss and regeneration in the chicken utricle in vivo. A single unilateral surgical delivery of streptomycin caused robust decline of hair cell numbers in striolar as well as extrastriolar regions, which in the striola was detected very early, 6 h post-insult. During the initial 12 h of damage response, we observed global repression of DNA replication, in contrast to the natural, mitotic hair cell production in undamaged control utricles. Regeneration of hair cells in striolar and extrastriolar regions occurred via high rates of asymmetric supporting cell divisions, accompanied by delayed replenishment by symmetric division. While asymmetric division of supporting cells is the main regenerative response to aminoglycoside damage, the detection of symmetric divisions supports the concept of direct transdifferentiation where supporting cells need to be replenished after their phenotypic conversion into new hair cells. Supporting cell divisions appear to be well coordinated because total supporting cell numbers throughout the regenerative process were invariant, despite the initial large-scale loss of hair cells. We conclude that a single ototoxic drug application provides an experimental framework to study the precise onset and timing of utricle hair cell regeneration in vivo. Our findings indicate that initial triggers and signaling events occur already within a few hours after aminoglycoside exposure. Direct transdifferentiation and asymmetric division of supporting cells to generate new hair cells subsequently happen largely in parallel and persist for several days.
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Genetic analysis of benign familial epilepsies in the first year of life in a Chinese cohort
Genetic analysis of benign familial epilepsies in the first year of life in a Chinese cohort
Genetic analysis of benign familial epilepsies in the first year of life in a Chinese cohort, Published online: 13 November 2017; doi:10.1038/s10038-017-0359-x
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Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 2A with an autosomal-recessive inheritance: the first report of an adult-onset disease
Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 2A with an autosomal-recessive inheritance: the first report of an adult-onset disease
Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 2A with an autosomal-recessive inheritance: the first report of an adult-onset disease, Published online: 13 November 2017; doi:10.1038/s10038-017-0353-3
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In vivo genome editing via the HITI method as a tool for gene therapy
In vivo genome editing via the HITI method as a tool for gene therapy
In vivo genome editing via the HITI method as a tool for gene therapy, Published online: 13 November 2017; doi:10.1038/s10038-017-0352-4
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Nestle USA Initiates Voluntary Recall of Hot Pockets® Four Cheese Pizza Snack Bites Due to Undeclared Allergens
Nestlé USA has initiated a recall of Hot Pockets® Four Cheese Pizza Snack Bites due to misbranding and undeclared allergens. The product was donated to a charitable organization in Missouri and was not sold in retail. The product contain the known allergens egg, milk, soy, and wheat, which are not declared. People who have an allergy or severe sensitivity to eggs, milk, soy or wheat run the risk of serious or life-threatening allergic reaction if they consume this product.
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Enhanced aerobic exercise performance in women by a combination of three mineral Chelates plus two conditionally essential nutrients
Abstract
Background
Certain essential and conditionally essential nutrients (CENs) perform functions involved in aerobic exercise performance. However, increased intake of such nutrient combinations has not actually been shown to improve such performance.
Methods
For 1 mo, aerobically fit, young adult women took either a combination of 3 mineral glycinate complexes (daily dose: 36 mg iron, 15 mg zinc, and 2 mg copper) + 2 CENs (daily dose: 2 g carnitine and 400 mg phosphatidylserine), or the same combination with generic mineral complexes, or placebo (n = 14/group). In Trial 1, before and after 1 mo, subjects were tested for 3 mile run time (primary outcome), followed by distance covered in 25 min on a stationary bike (secondary outcome), followed by a 90 s step test (secondary outcome). To test reproducibility of the run results, and to examine a lower dose of carnitine, a second trial was done. New subjects took either mineral glycinates + CENs (1 g carnitine) or placebo (n = 17/group); subjects were tested for pre- and post-treatment 3 mile run time (primary outcome).
Results
In Trial 1, the mineral glycinates + CENs decreased 3 mile run time (25.6 ± 2.4 vs 26.5 ± 2.3 min, p < 0.05, paired t-test) increased stationary bike distance after 25 min (6.5 ± 0.6 vs 6.0 ± 0.8 miles, p < 0.05, paired t-test), and increased steps in the step test (43.8 ± 4.8 vs 40.3 ± 6.4 steps, p < 0.05, paired t-test). The placebo significantly affected only the biking distance, but it was less than for the glycinates-CENs treatment (0.2 ± 0.4. vs 0.5 ± 0.1 miles, p < 0.05, ANOVA + Tukey). The generic minerals + CENs only significantly affected the step test (44.1 ± 5.2 vs 41.0 ± 5.9 steps, p < 0.05, paired t-test) In Trial 2, 3 mile run time was decreased for the mineral glycinates + CENs (23.9 ± 3.1 vs 24.7 ± 2.5, p < 0.005, paired t-test), but not by the placebo. All changes for Test Formula II or III were high compared to placebo (1.9 to 4.9, Cohen's D), and high for Test Formula II vs I for running and biking (3.2 & 3.5, Cohen's D).
Conclusion
In summary, a combination of certain mineral complexes plus two CENs improved aerobic exercise performance in fit young adult women.
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Nutritional supplement practices of professional Ugandan athletes: a cross-sectional study
Abstract
Background
The use of nutritional supplements (NS) places athletes at great risk for inadvertent doping. Due to the paucity of data on supplement use, this study aimed to determine the proportion of Ugandan athletes using nutritional supplements and to investigate the athletes' motivation to use these supplements.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted in which an interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 359 professional athletes participating in individual (boxing, cycling, athletics) and team (basketball, rugby, football, netball, and volleyball) sports. The data were categorized, and a Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis.
Results
Of the 359 athletes, 48 (13.4%) used nutritional supplements. Carbohydrate supplements, energy drinks, vitamin and mineral supplements, fish oils, and protein supplements were the most common supplements used by athletes. NS use was significantly more common among athletes who played rugby and basketball (X 2 = 61.101, p < 0.0001), athletes who had played the sport for 5-10 years (X 2 = 7.460, p = 0.024), and athletes who had attained a tertiary education (X 2 = 33.377, p < 0.0001). The athletes' occupation had no bearing on whether they used supplements. Nutritionists/dieticians, retail stores and pharmacies were the most common sources of NS products, whereas health practitioners, online media and teammates were the most common sources of information regarding NS. Most athletes used NS to improve their physical performance and health.
Conclusions
Compared to NS use by athletes elsewhere, NS use among Ugandan athletes was low. However, determinants of athlete NS use in the current study (category of sport and duration of time spent playing the sport) are similar to those reported elsewhere.
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