A biocompatible decellularised pulp scaffold for regenerative endodontics

Abstract

Aim

To investigate the feasibility of decellularising the entire dental pulp using a mild treatment protocol to develop a decellularised biological extracellular matrix scaffold for use in regenerative endodontic procedures.

Methodology

Decellularised human dental pulps were assessed using histological and immunohistochemical methods, scanning electron microscope and DNA quantification assay. Cytotoxicity assays to determine decellularised scaffold biocompatibility were also performed. Decellularised scaffolds were seeded with human dental pulp stem cells and cell viability assessed using Live/Dead^® stain. Quantitative data were analysed statistically using Student's t-test and one-way analysis of variance to compare mean values between groups depending on group numbers.

Results

Assessment of decellularised tissues revealed an acellular matrix with preservation of native tissue histoarchitecture and composition. Decellularised tissues showed no evidence of cytotoxicity, with cell growth in direct contact with the scaffold and no reduction in cellular activity following extract incubation. Furthermore, the scaffold was able to support human dental pulp stem cell viability and attachment following recellularisation. .

Conclusions

Promising results were observed in developing a decellularised biological scaffold derived from the dental pulp with the perseveration of extracellular structural components which are required for tissue specific regeneration.

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