Effect of connective tissue grafting on peri-implant tissue in single immediate implant sites: a RCT

Aim

To assess the effect of connective tissue grafting on the mid-buccal mucosal level (MBML) of immediately placed and provisionalized single implants in the maxillofacial esthetic zone.

Materials and methods

Sixty patients with a failing tooth were provided with an immediately placed and provisionalized implant. During implant placement, patients randomly received either a connective tissue graft from the maxillary tuberosity (n=30, test group) or no graft (n=30, control group). Follow-up visits were at one (T₁) and twelve months (T₁₂) after final crown placement. The primary outcome measure was any change in MBML compared to the pre-operative situation. In addition, gingival biotype, esthetics (using the Pink Esthetic Score-White Esthetic Score), marginal bone level, soft tissue peri-implant parameters and patient satisfaction were assessed.

Results

The mean MBML change at T₁₂ was -0.5±1.1mm in the control group and 0.1±0.8mm in the test group (p=0.03). No significant differences regarding other outcome variables were observed, neither was gingival biotype associated with a gain or loss in MBML.

Conclusions

This one-year study shows that connective tissue grafting in single, immediately placed and provisionalized implants leads to less recession of the peri-implant soft tissue at the mid-buccal aspect, irrespective of the gingival biotype (www.trialregister.nl: TC3815).

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