Prevalence of Severe and Profound Sensorineural Hearing Loss in School Children in West Bengal, India

Abstract

There is pressing need for reliable information about prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss in children in India. Without this basic information it is difficult to plan services on a rational basis. In this stratified cross sectional study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of severe and profound sensorineural hearing loss in school children in West Bengal, India. We hypothesized that all children with severe or profound hearing loss in elementary schools (age 6–14 years) would be among those identified as 'children with special need' because of their marked problems with hearing, speech or communication. First stratum of our study included all 6–14 years old mainstream elementary school 'children with special need', with known or suspected hearing problem. Second stratum covered all 6–14 years old hearing impaired children attending special schools. Comprehensive audiological assessment of 10,763 'children with special need' in mainstream elementary schools identified 3984 children showing severe or profound SNHL (≥71 dB). A further 1022 children were identified with similar loss in special schools, giving a total of 5006 children with severe or profound sensorineural loss among a school population of 8,654,057, with estimated prevalence of 0.58 (CI 0.57–0.59) per 1000 children. This is the first large scale study of the epidemiology of severe and profound sensorineural hearing loss in school children in India. Although further studies are needed from other parts of India, in the interim, findings of this study can form the basis for planning resource allocation, service provision, investigation into etiology and prevention of sensorineural deafness in children in India.

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