Metformin Therapy Reduces the Risk of Malignancy Following Heart Transplantation

Malignancy and diabetes mellitus (DM) cause significant morbidity and mortality after heart transplantation (HTx). Metformin, one of the most commonly used anti-diabetic drugs worldwide, has also been shown to exhibit anti-tumor activity. We therefore investigated the association between metformin therapy and malignancy following HTx. (Source: The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation)

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Fluoxetine induces apoptosis through endoplasmic reticulum stress via mitogen-activated protein kinase activation and histone hyperacetylation in SK-N-BE(2)-M17 human neuroblastoma cells

In this study, the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-cancer effects of FLX were investigated in SK-N-BE(2)-M17 human neuroblastoma cells. FLX induced apoptotic cell death, activation of caspase-4, -9, and -3, and expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-associated proteins, including C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). Inhibition of ER stress by treatment with the ER stress inhibitors, salubrinal and 4-phenylbutyric acid or CHOP siRNA transfection reduced FLX-induced cell death. FLX induced phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) family, p38, JNK, and ERK, and an upstream kinase apoptosis signal kinase 1 (ASK1). Inhibition of MAPKs and ASK1 reduced FLX-induced cell death and CHOP expression. We then showed that FLX reduced mitochondrial membrane potential (M...

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Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), a spectrum of states: role in lung development, homeostasis and disease

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: Developmental Dynamics)

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The fish parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis – Host immunology, vaccines and novel treatments

Publication date: August 2017 Source:Fish & Shellfish Immunology, Volume 67 Author(s): Louise von Gersdorff Jørgensen Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, the causative agent of white spot disease (ichthyophthiriasis) is a major burden for fish farmers and aquarists globally. The parasite infects the skin and the gills of freshwater fish, which may acquire a protective adaptive immune response against this disease, making vaccine strategies feasible. However, there is no prophylactic treatment available and repetitive treatments with auxiliary substances are needed to control the infection. Historically, a variety of drugs and chemicals have been used to combat the disease but due to changing regulations and recognition of carcinogenic and environmentally damaging effects the most effic...

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Protein Network Construction Using Reverse Phase Protein Array Data

Publication date: Available online 24 June 2017 Source:Methods Author(s): Rency S. Varghese, Yiming Zuo, Yi Zhao, Yong-Wei Zhang, Sandra A. Jablonski, Mariaelena Pierobon, Emanuel F. Petricoin, Habtom W. Ressom, Louis M. Weiner In this paper, we introduce a novel computational method for constructing protein networks based on reverse phase protein array (RPPA) data to identify complex patterns in protein signaling. The method is applied to phosphoproteomic profiles of basal expression and activation/phosphorylation of 76 key signaling proteins in three breast cancer cell lines (MCF7, LCC1, and LCC9). Temporal RPPA data are acquired at 48h, 96h, and 144h after knocking down four genes in separate experiments. These genes are selected from a previous study as important determinants for brea...

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Premonitory Symptoms of Migraine in Childhood and Adolescence

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Premonitory symptoms in migraine; symptoms occurring before the onset of migraine pain or aura, are an increasingly recognised area of interest within headache research. It has been recently documented in the literature that these symptoms also occur in children and adolescents, with a comparable phenotype to adults. This review discusses the wide presentation of premonitory symptoms in migraine in children and adolescents, and the importance of understanding how these early symptoms are mediated in order to ensure that targeted abortive therapies are developed in the future. Recognition of these symptoms by parents, guardians, teachers and carers is of importance in ensuring early and effective attack treatment.

Recent Findings

A previous clinic-based questionnaire study in 103 children found a prevalence of premonitory symptoms in paediatric migraine of 67%, with a mean number of reported symptoms of two. A recent study found that in a clinic population of 100 children or adolescents with a migraine diagnosis who were preselected as having at least one premonitory symptom associated with their attacks, two or more premonitory symptoms were reported by 85% of patients. The most common symptoms were fatigue, mood change and neck stiffness.

Summary

Although the population prevalence of premonitory symptoms in migraine within the paediatric population, or their ability to predict accurately the onset of an impending headache cannot be deduced from the retrospective studies performed to date, premonitory symptoms occur in children as young as 18 months old. Understanding the biological basis of these, and their heterogeneous phenotype may help future targeted therapeutic research, helping the development of drugs that act before the onset of pain, limiting the morbidity associated with the migraine attack.

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Premonitory Symptoms of Migraine in Childhood and Adolescence

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Premonitory symptoms in migraine; symptoms occurring before the onset of migraine pain or aura, are an increasingly recognised area of interest within headache research. It has been recently documented in the literature that these symptoms also occur in children and adolescents, with a comparable phenotype to adults. This review discusses the wide presentation of premonitory symptoms in migraine in children and adolescents, and the importance of understanding how these early symptoms are mediated in order to ensure that targeted abortive therapies are developed in the future. Recognition of these symptoms by parents, guardians, teachers and carers is of importance in ensuring early and effective attack treatment.

Recent Findings

A previous clinic-based questionnaire study in 103 children found a prevalence of premonitory symptoms in paediatric migraine of 67%, with a mean number of reported symptoms of two. A recent study found that in a clinic population of 100 children or adolescents with a migraine diagnosis who were preselected as having at least one premonitory symptom associated with their attacks, two or more premonitory symptoms were reported by 85% of patients. The most common symptoms were fatigue, mood change and neck stiffness.

Summary

Although the population prevalence of premonitory symptoms in migraine within the paediatric population, or their ability to predict accurately the onset of an impending headache cannot be deduced from the retrospective studies performed to date, premonitory symptoms occur in children as young as 18 months old. Understanding the biological basis of these, and their heterogeneous phenotype may help future targeted therapeutic research, helping the development of drugs that act before the onset of pain, limiting the morbidity associated with the migraine attack.

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MPH Spring 2018 Applicants

Hi everyone! It's super early in the game but I figured I'd start a thread for anyone applying to Spring 2018 MPH Programs! I know there aren't many out there If anyone has any remarks of my info below feel free ! Copied stats from other threads. Undergrad School: GWU Undergrad GPA: 3.1 (Struggle with a parent's cancer diagnosis and death for 3 semesters. Strong upward trend ...like from 2.9 for mid 3 semesters to about 3.67 each semester for final 3 semesters. 3.2... MPH Spring 2018 Applicants (Source: Student Doctor Network)

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[Treatment Options in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease].

Authors: Kim W Abstract The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has sharply increased over the past several decades in Korea. In most cases of NAFLD, metabolic stress and cellular apoptosis are often driven by metabolic abnormality, eventually leading to inflammation and fibrosis . Along with a dramatic surge in the obesity epidemic, 10-20% of NAFLD patients ultimately progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a precursor to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, as well as multi-organ systemic diseases. Currently, diet and exercise are chiefly recommended to achieve significant weight loss and improve metabolic dysfunction in patients with NAFLD. However, weight loss remains to be an elusive goal for both clinical practitioners and NAFLD patients. To d...

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Malignant Melanoma of the Anus Found during Routine Colonoscopy in Ulcerative Colitis.

Authors: Seo KI, Moon W, Kim SE, Park MI, Park SJ Abstract Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by recurrent or chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, which results in increased risk of developing cancer. Anorectal malignant melanoma is often misdiagnosed as either hemorrhoids or benign anorectal conditions in inflammatory bowel disease. Therefore, the overall prognosis and survival of IBD are poor. To date, the best treatment strategy remains controversial. Only early diagnosis and complete excision yield survival benefit. Here, we report a 64-year-old woman with ulcerative colitis, who was found to have anal malignant melanoma on routine colonoscopy. The lesion was confined to the mucosa with no distant metastasis. She underwent complete trans-anal excis...

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[The Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease].

Authors: Kwon OS, Kim JH, Kim JH Abstract Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) may be one of the important causes of cryptogenic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). NAFLD-related HCCs (NAFLD-HCCs) have the following clinical features: high body mass index, deranged lipid profiles, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome. Among them, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and high Fe contents in the liver are risk factors of developing HCC in patients with NAFLD. Inflammatory cytokines, adipokines, insulin like growth factor-I, and lipotoxicity are intermingled and may cross react with each other to develop HCC. Because there is no guideline for early detection of HCC in patients with NAFLD, NAFLD-HCCs tend to be greater in size and in advanced stages when detected compared wi...

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Laparoscopic treatment of colo-colic intussusception secondary to a lipomatous polyp.

CONCLUSION: The traditional treatment of choice for adult intussusception is bowel resection without reduction. More recently, however, preoperative reduction of the invaginated bowel segment has been reconsidered in order to: 1) avoid emergency surgery, 2) allow radical surgery for cancer, and 3) reduce the extent of the intestinal resection. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of adult colonic intussusception secondary to a lipoma treated by laparoscopy. KEY WORDS: Colon, Intussusception, Laparoscopy, Lipoma. PMID: 28642452 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Annali Italiani di Chirurgia)

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Molecules, Vol. 22, Pages 1052: Augmented Anticancer Effects of Cantharidin with Liposomal Encapsulation: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation

PEGylated liposomes have received much attention as pharmaceutical carriers to deliver chemotherapeutic agents for therapeutic purpose. The aim of this study was to prepare and characterize PEGylated liposome of cantharidin and investigate its therapeutic effect on human hepatocellular carcinoma treatment in vitro and in vivo. Liposomal cantharidin was evaluated for their anticancer effects in vitro using human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells and in vivo using HepG2-bearing nude mice compared to free drug. PEGylated liposome of cantharidin had a particle size of 129.9 nm and a high encapsulation efficacy of approximately 88.9%. The liposomal cantharidin had a higher anti-proliferative effect vis- à-vis free cantharidin in inducing G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Liposomal canth...

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Molecules, Vol. 22, Pages 1048: Recent Progress in Nanomaterial-Based Electrochemical Biosensors for Cancer Biomarkers: A Review

This article reviews recent progress in the development of nanomaterial-based electrochemical biosensors for cancer biomarkers. Because of their high electrical conductivity, high affinity to biomolecules, and high surface area-to-weight ratios, nanomaterials, including metal nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and graphene, have been used for fabricating electrochemical biosensors. Electrodes are often coated with nanomaterials to increase the effective surface area of the electrodes and immobilize a large number of biomolecules such as enzymes and antibodies. Alternatively, nanomaterials are used as signaling labels for increasing the output signals of cancer biomarker sensors, in which nanomaterials are conjugated with secondary antibodies and redox compounds. According to this strategy, a...

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1706 Autonomous Vehicles: Good or Bad for our Health?

Publication date: June 2017 Source:Journal of Transport & Health, Volume 5, Supplement Author(s): Samuel Schwartz, Karen Lee According to the World Health Organization, the leading causes of death globally are now non-communicable diseases (NCDs) like cardiovascular disease, cancers, diabetes and chronic lung diseases. NCDs are now responsible for two-thirds of all deaths globally, or 36 million deaths annually. Even in the developing world, heart disease and stroke have overtaken infectious diseases as the leading causes of death. Yet, the vast majority of NCDs are preventable. Physical inactivity, tobacco use, poor diets and harmful use of alcohol are the four leading risk factors of these diseases. Although about 1.25 million people worldwide die annually in traffic crashes, di...

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1931 Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Risk of Cancer, CVD, Dementia and All-Cause Mortality in Adults: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies

Conclusions These findings provide a strong basis for modelling the health impacts of walking and cycling, provided that exposure measures can be standardised and total leisure time activity estimated. Given the strongly non-linear nature of the relationship, going beyond relative risks based on walking and cycling alone is necessary. (Source: Journal of Transport and Health)

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High level βIII-tubulin overexpression occurs in most head and neck cancers but is unrelated to clinical outcome.

Related Articles

High level βIII-tubulin overexpression occurs in most head and neck cancers but is unrelated to clinical outcome.

J Oral Pathol Med. 2017 Jun 22;:

Authors: Nienstedt JC, Gröbe A, Clauditz T, Simon R, Muenscher A, Knecht R, Sauter G, Moebius C, Blessmann M, Heiland M, Pflug C

Abstract
BACKGROUND: βIII-tubulin (TUBB3) is an isotype of microtubules, which are involved in crucial cellular roles including maintenance of cell shape, intracellular transport, and mitosis. Overexpression of TUBB3 was found to be associated with poor prognosis and resistance to tubulin-binding drugs and in several solid tumors including head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Considering the potential high importance of a prognostic biomarker in these cancers, the present study aimed to investigate the clinical relevance of immunohistochemical TUBB3 expression in HNSCC.
METHODS: Tissue microarray (TMA) sections containing samples from 667 cancers of oral cavity, oro- and hypopharynx and larynx for which follow-up data were available were analyzed for TUBB3 expression by immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS: Over 90% of our analyzed cancers showed unequivocal cytoplasmic TUBB3 expression. Staining was considered weak in 69 (15.5%), moderate in 149 (33.5%) and strong in 188 (42.2%) of cancers. The frequent TUBB3 overexpression showed no significant correlation with pathological grading, tumor stage, nodal status or surgical margin and had no impact on patient outcomes.
CONCLUSION: Despite of lacking prognostic utility in HNSCC, the remarkable high prevalence of TUBB3 expression in HNSCC emphasizes its putative relevance as a target for future drugs targeting TUBB3. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID: 28640948 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Additive effect of radiosensitization by 2-deoxy-D-glucose delays DNA repair kinetics and suppresses cell proliferation in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Related Articles

Additive effect of radiosensitization by 2-deoxy-D-glucose delays DNA repair kinetics and suppresses cell proliferation in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

J Oral Pathol Med. 2017 Jun 22;:

Authors: Kawata M, Ogi K, Nishiyama K, Miyamoto S, Nakagaki T, Shimanishi M, Miyazaki A, Hiratsuka H

Abstract
BACKGROUND: It has well known that, compared to normal cells, tumor cells have a different manner of energy metabolism, which influences the sensitivity of radiotherapy (RT). However, whether inhibition of glycolysis enhances the efficacy of radiotherapy is a matter of debate in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The aim of this study was to characterize whether the combination of radiotherapy with the glucose inhibitor 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) affected DNA repair kinetics.
METHODS: To compare the synergistic effect of 2-DG, we examined the cell survival after treatment with radiation, 2-DG and a combination of the two in 5 OSCC cell lines and one lip fibroblast cell line, determined using clonogenic survival assay. Changes in the protein levels of DNA repair kinetics such as PARP, Rad51 and Ku-70 were analyzed by western blotting. Then, using one of the 5 OSCC cell lines, we assessed the inhibition of xenograft tumor growth in vivo.
RESULTS: We found that 2-DG with radiation induced significant inhibition of cell proliferation in cell line SAS (p<0.01, one-way ANOVA). Radiation treatment was associated with decreased expression of the DNA repair markers. In additional, combinational treatment with 2-DG and radiation significantly inhibited the xenograft tumor growth compared to the control (p < 0.05), and treatment with 2-DG or radiation alone.
CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that 2-DG has synergistic cytotoxic effects when combined with radiotherapy, which might lead to the design of an effective metabolic target therapy in vitro and in vivo. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID: 28640935 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Hinckley Man Battles Rare Fungus From Woodpile - CBS Minnesota / WCCO

CBS Minnesota / WCCO

Hinckley Man Battles Rare Fungus From Woodpile CBS Minnesota / WCCO However, Sybrant's body is immunocompromised by his ongoing fight with cancer. "They're treating it ... "If you have any health issues to please wear a bandana or cover sinuses because we never thought this would happen to us, never," Lee said. A ... and more »

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Pathways to policy: lessons learned in multisectoral collaboration for physical activity and built environment policy development from the Coalitions Linking Action and Science for Prevention (CLASP) initiative - Politis CE, Mowat DL, Keen D.

OBJECTIVES: The Canadian Partnership Against Cancer funded 12 large-scale knowledge to action cancer and chronic disease prevention projects between 2009 and 2016 through the Coalitions Linking Action and Science for Prevention (CLASP) initiative. Two proj... (Source: SafetyLit)

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