Psychiatric Quarterly

Emotion Regulation and Desire Thinking as Predictors of Problematic Facebook Use Abstract Research evidence suggests that problematic Facebook use (PFU) affects large numbers of people worldwide. A variety of studies have investigated the relationship between PFU and psychological dysfunction, revealing that negative mood and cognitive self-regulation are common among problematic Facebook users. The aim of the present study was to examine the role of craving, emotion regulation and desire thinking in predicting PFU. An online survey was administered to 750 participants (Mage = 23.38 years; SDage = 5.72). Correlation analyses indicated that all predictor variables were positively associated with PFU. Path analysis showed that imaginal prefiguration was associated with craving, which, in turn, was associated with verbal prefiguration that was directly linked to PFU, beyond the direct effect of emotion regulation. These findings provide further support for the importance of desire thinking in predicting problematic behaviours. Desire thinking and emotion regulation should be considered in the modification of problematic Facebook use.

Intervention Effects of Motivation Interviewing Chinese Modified on the Mental Health of College Students with Exercise Dependence Abstract Exercise dependence is a psychological problem that cannot be ignored and is positively related to anxiety and depression of college students. However, only a few effective intervention methods are available to deal with exercise dependence. This study aims to investigate the intervention effects of motivation interviewing Chinese modified on the mental health of college students with exercise dependence. Thirty college students with exercise dependence were selected from Hunan University of Science and Technology in Hunan province of China to participate in the experiment. The participants were divided equally into the intervention and control groups. A three-week motivation interviewing Chinese modified session was conducted in the intervention group, whereas no intervention was carried out in the control group. This strategy allowed for the vertical and the horizontal comparison of the intervention objects' situation before and after the experiment. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and other Scales were used to evaluate the effects of the intervention and explore the intervention effects of motivation interviewing Chinese modified on the mental health of college students with exercise dependence. After three weeks of motivation interviewing Chinese modified, differences in state anxiety, depression, self-satisfaction, negative emotion, energy, and positive emotion in the intervention and control groups before and after the intervention appear to be statistically significant (P < 0.05). Motivation interviewing Chinese modified can improve the mental health level of college students with exercise dependence. Hence, motivation interviewing Chinese modified is good for the treatment of addiction behaviors and provides a reliable intervention method for exercise dependence.

Media Use Is Linked to Lower Psychological Well-Being: Evidence from Three Datasets Abstract Adolescents spend a substantial and increasing amount of time using digital media (smartphones, computers, social media, gaming, Internet), but existing studies do not agree on whether time spent on digital media is associated with lower psychological well-being (including happiness, general well-being, and indicators of low well-being such as depression, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts). Across three large surveys of adolescents in two countries (n = 221,096), light users (<1 h a day) of digital media reported substantially higher psychological well-being than heavy users (5+ hours a day). Datasets initially presented as supporting opposite conclusions produced similar effect sizes when analyzed using the same strategy. Heavy users (vs. light) of digital media were 48% to 171% more likely to be unhappy, to be in low in well-being, or to have suicide risk factors such as depression, suicidal ideation, or past suicide attempts. Heavy users (vs. light) were twice as likely to report having attempted suicide. Light users (rather than non- or moderate users) were highest in well-being, and for most digital media use the largest drop in well-being occurred between moderate use and heavy use. The limitations of using percent variance explained as a gauge of practical impact are discussed.

PG-13 Rated Movie Violence and Societal Violence: is there a Link? Abstract Recent scholarship has suggested that the frequency of violence in PG-13 rated movies has increased in recent years. Although some scholars have expressed concern that such an increase may have public health implications, this has remained untested. In the current article, trends in PG-13 movie violence are tested against trends in violence in society, including both homicides and youth violence. Raw correlations suggest that PG-13 rated movie violence is inversely related to actual violence in society. However, controlling for autocorrelations suggests that the best interpretation is that PG-13 rated movie violence is unrelated to violence in society. Caution is advised for scholars to avoid implying that PG-13 rated movie violence may have a causal effect on crime in society.

Hospitalization Patterns over 30 Years Across a Statewide System of Public Mental Health Hospitals: Readmission Predictors, Optimal Follow-Up Period, Readmission Clusters and Individuals with Statistically Significant High Healthcare Utilization Abstract Four related hospital utilization questions (optimal follow-up period, predictors of readmission, definition of individuals with statistically significant high healthcare utilization, and patterns of readmissions) were examined using data for 491,094 hospital discharges for 250,091 patients across a statewide public mental health hospital system for 30 years (1987 to 2016). Using survival analysis, the first quartile of the survival time, the time when 25% of the entire population of discharges had a readmission was 229 days. Using observed readmissions, rather than the population as in survival analysis, revealed that 50% of all observed readmissions occurred by 222 days. Both suggest that using a one year observation period for determining high utilization may be reasonable. Major predictors of readmission were diagnoses of schizophrenia (OR = 2.11) or bipolar disorder (OR = 1.57) as well as total number of previous discharges (OR = 1.23). Statistically significant z scores (p < .01) were used to determine annual (3 or more discharges) and lifetime (7 or more discharges) criteria for individuals with statistically significant high healthcare utilization that were somewhat lower than in previous research. Cluster analysis of all readmissions revealed four relatively distinct clusters of patients: short stay-quick readmission, extremely long stay, long time in community between readmissions and frequent readmissions. While no cluster corresponded exactly with the annual statistically significant high healthcare utilization criteria, the frequent readmission cluster was somewhat similar to the lifetime statistically significant high healthcare utilization criteria with 46% of this cluster's patients having 7 or more discharges.

Working Nursing Students Willing to Seek Psychological Services Abstract Work-related psychological stress may result in reduced coping abilities. Working nursing students can develop work-related psychological stress. This study's purpose was to describe first-year working rural nursing students with work-related psychological stress and their perception of stigma to psychological services and perceived willingness and openness to seek such services. Results showed over 55% of students reported work-related stress and a willingness to seek psychological services. Students in a licensed practical nursing program showed less stigma to seeking psychological services (F (2, 23) = 10.09, p = 0.001) as compared to higher degree seeking students in associate and bachelor nursing programs. Stigma appeared not to be a factor in rural nursing students seeking psychological services. In conclusion, working nursing students are willing to seek psychological services regardless of stigma.

Enhancing Completion of Cognitive Processing Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder with Quetiapine in Veterans with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: a Case Series Abstract To evaluate the outcomes of the antiarousal medications valproate, risperidone, and quetiapine on completion of treatment of cognitive processing therapy (CPT) for PTSD. A case series of fifty treatment-seeking adult (≥18 years) veterans with mild traumatic brain injury and combat-related PTSD who had unsuccessful trials of 2 or more first-line agents and previously declined treatment with trauma-focused therapy, seen at the psychiatric outpatient services of the local Polytrauma Rehabilitation Center from January 1, 2014, through December 31, 2017. Patients were prescribed valproate (n = 8), risperidone (n = 17), or quetiapine (n = 25) and were referred for individual weekly treatment with CPT. Outcome measurements of interest were measures of engagement and completion rate of CPT, PTSD Checklist total score (range, 0–80; higher scores indicate greater PTSD severity) and arousal subscale score (range, 0–24; higher scores indicate greater arousal severity), and clinical observations of sleep variables. Of the 50 patients included in the study, 48 (96%) were men; mean (SD) age was 36 (8) years. Eighteen (86%) patients initially receiving quetiapine and none taking valproate or risperidone became adequately engaged in and completed CPT. Among patients who completed CPT, the mean decrease in the PTSD Checklist score was 25 [95% CI, 30 to 20] and 9 (50%) patients no longer met criteria for PTSD. These preliminary findings support quetiapine as an adjunctive medication to facilitate CPT. A pragmatic trial is needed to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and feasibility of quetiapine to improve engagement in and completion rate of CPT.

Gender Differentiation of Indirect Self-Destructiveness in Drug Addicted Individuals (Indirect Self-Destructiveness in Addicted Women and Men) Abstract The use of psychoactive substances is considered to be a typical self-destructive behaviour with addiction itself regarded as one of the self-destructiveness forms. The aim of this work was to explore the gender differentiation of the indirect self-destructiveness syndrome (and its particular categories) in drug addicted individuals treated in drug addiction treatment centres. 172 drug addicted individuals (116 men and 56 women, M age = 23,5), ranged from 19 to 28 years, was recruited. In order to examine indirect self-destructiveness and its manifestations, the Polish version of the "Chronic Self-Destructiveness Scale" by Kelley (CS-DS) was administered. The statistical processing of scores used the Mann-Whitney U significance test. Women treated for drug addiction achieved significantly higher scores on indirect self-destructiveness: general score (p = 0.001), subscales of Transgression and Risk (p = 0.001), Personal and Social Neglects (p = 0.02), and Lack of Planfulness (p < 0.001). They scored lower on Poor Health Maintenance (p < 0.002) and Helplessness (p < 0.001). There is a need for specific, gender-adjusted manners of intervention and treatment in addicted women. Optimistically, after an addiction treatment, women cope and feel better psychologically and socially. They also care more about their health.

Folie du système? Preventing Violence Against Nurses in In-patient Psychiatry Abstract Violence against psychiatric nurses is a difficult reality of work on in-patient psychiatry units. Health care providers and managers, nursing unions, and workplace protection agencies are looking for solutions to improve safety and quality of care. We are suggesting that simultaneous to this solution-seeking, there is also a need to critically reflect on the nature of violence itself within in-patient psychiatric settings. In this article we consider the gendered dynamics of power and violence within the in-patient psychiatric setting. The nursing profession is over 90% female. Given that violence in society often has a 'gendered' nature, and in light of a report from the Ontario Council of Hospital Unions which likened violence against nurses to domestic violence, we have put forth a view of the acute in-patient psychiatric milieu that considers gender and power in its analysis of violence against nurses. Intended to encourage enquiry into our pre-suppositions as health care providers, we use Foucauldian and feminist theories to up-end our notions of "anti-violence technologies", and to consider the unique and risky position that psychiatric nurses occupy as carers, care providers, and "anti-violence officers". We conclude by posing ethical questions which may be of interest for professional development, care planning, team building, and clinical ethics and education.

Insight and Symptom Severity in an Inpatient Psychiatric Sample Abstract Individuals with a severe mental illness, particularly a psychotic disorder, often lack insight into having a mental illness. This study sought to examine the differences in insight and symptom severity between individuals with psychotic, bipolar, and depressive disorders in an inpatient psychiatric sample. 199 participants were interviewed and medical records were consulted. Results show that participants with a psychotic disorder had significantly less insight into their illness, more debilitating symptoms, and reported less depression symptoms after controlling for education, race, marital status, homelessness, age, gender, and history of incarceration. Insight was shown to be a mediator between having a psychotic disorder and symptom severity. Subjective quality of life did not differ by diagnosis. Substance use was not associated with insight or overall symptom severity, while homelessness was associated with having a psychotic disorder and more severe symptoms. Fostering insight during an inpatient stay may be an important part of reducing symptom severity and preventing patient relapse. However, greater insight may increase depression and suicidality, indicating a need for mood management and safety planning along with psychoeducation of symptoms.

Alexandros Sfakianakis
Anapafseos 5 . Agios Nikolaos
Crete.Greece.72100
2841026182

6948891480

alsfakia@gmail.com