Spying on the Function of Hydroxyl Radical in Brain of Mice with Depression phenotypes by Two‐photon Fluorescence Imaging

Depression is intimately linked with oxidative stress. As one of the most reactive and oxidative reactive oxygen species over‐produced during oxidative stress, hydroxyl radical (•OH) can cause macromolecular damage and subsequent neurological diseases. However, due to the high reactivity and low concentration of •OH, precise exploration of •OH in brains remains a challenge. Thus, the two‐photon fluorescence probe TCE was developed for in situ •OH imaging in living systems. This probe achieves exceptional selectivity towards •OH via the one‐electron oxidation of 3‐methyl‐pyrazolone as a new specific recognition site. TCE can map •OH in mouse brain, thereby revealing that the increased •OH is positively correlated with the severity of depression phenotypes. Furthermore, •OH has been proved to inactivate deacetylase SIRT1, leading to the occurrence and development of depression phenotypes. This work provides a new strategy for the future treatment of depression.

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