Early identification and intervention matters: A comprehensive review of current evidence and recommendations for the monitoring of bone health in patients with cancer

Bone metastases are common in patients with advanced solid tumors [1]. Cancers particularly associated with bone metastases include those of the prostate and breast (65–75% of patients) [1], and those affecting the lung (30–40%) [1] and kidney (20–32%) [1,2]. A substantial proportion of patients with advanced cancer and bone metastases will develop skeletal complications known collectively as skeletal-related events (SREs); these include pathologic fracture, spinal cord compression and hypercalcemia, as well as radiation or surgery to bone, which are surrogate markers for skeletal pain and fractures [3].

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