Bleomycin electrosclerotherapy: new treatment to manage vascular malformations

Venous malformations are congenital anomalies of the vascular system. The injection of bleomycin (a cytotoxic, antitumour drug) into the lesion is a safe and effective treatment for low-flow (venous and lymphatic) malformations, but its use systemically has been associated with pulmonary fibrosis. Intralesional injection of bleomycin is considered to have a lower risk, but caution should be used when planning treatment, with particular regard to respiratory function. Electroporation is the temporary application of an electrical field across a tissue to increase (briefly) the permeability of the cell membrane in that tissue.

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