Beneficial Effects of n-3 Fatty Acids on Cardiometabolic and Inflammatory Markers in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Double-blind Clinical Trial

Objective: To determine the effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3PUFAs) supplementation on circulatory resistin and monocyte chemoattractant 1 (MCP-1) levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Subjects and Methods: This was a ten-week, placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial of n-3 PUFAs (2700 mg/day) vs. placebo (soft gels containing 900 mg of edible paraffin). Forty-four (44) T2DM patients were supplemented with n-3 PUFAs and another 44 patients received placebo (3 patients discontinued the trial). Serum resistin, MCP-1 and lipid profile were measured before and after supplementation. Also, adiponectin-resistin index (1+log10(Resistin)-log10(Adiponectin)) and atherogenic index (log10 triglycerides/HDL-C) of plasma, which is an indicator of cardiovascular complications, were assessed. Independent t-test was used, to access the differences between supplement and placebo groups and the paired t-test was used to analyze the before/after changes. Results: In this study, n-3 PUFAs reduced serum MCP-1 levels (from 260.5 to 230.5 pg/ml; p= 0.002), while remained unchanged in placebo group. On the contrary, n-3 PUFAs could not decrease serum resistin levels. Adiponectin-resistin index was significantly reduced after supplementation with n-3 PUFAs, compared to placebo. The atherogenic index was also significantly improved after supplementation with n-3 PUFAs (from 1.459 to 1.412; p=0.006). Conclusions: The MCP-1 levels and lipid profile were improved after supplementation with n-3 PUFAs, but resistin serum levels were not changed. Hence, the anti-inflammatory effects of n-3 PUFAs might be mediated by targeting MCP-1.


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