Investigating Heterogeneity of Effects and Associations Using Interaction Terms

Publication date: Available online 21 September 2017
Source:Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
Author(s): Evangelos Kontopantelis, Matthew Sperrin, Mamas Mamas, Iain Buchan
Effect heterogeneity, the variability of an association or exposure across subgroups, usually warrants further investigation. The aim of this deeper analysis is to identify effect modifiers (or moderators) and quantify their relationship with the exposure. We explain why it is better to harness interaction effects within a single analytic model than to use separate models to analyse each subgroup. Using examples, we demonstrate a practical approach to modelling and interpretation with interaction terms from various measurement scales (categorical by categorical; categorical by continuous; and continuous by continuous).



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