Publication date: September 2017
Source:EMC - Otorinolaringoiatria, Volume 16, Issue 3
Author(s): J. Barbut, F. Tankéré, I. Bernat
Il nervo faciale è al centro della pratica quotidiana in oto-rino-laringoiatria. La sua singolare fisiologia e la sua patologia fanno di questo paio di nervi cranici un soggetto appassionante in cui alcuni si sono specializzati. La precisa conoscenza della sua anatomia, il cui percorso è tortuoso e presenta molte relazioni con altri elementi nobili, è un prerequisito indispensabile per il suo approccio, sia in chirurgia cervicale che in quella otologica che in quella neuro-otologica. Gli autori cominciano con il discutere i principi fondamentali dell'embriologia del secondo arco branchiale per aiutare la comprensione dell'anatomia e delle possibili variazioni del tragitto e dei rapporti del nervo faciale. Di seguito è descritta dettagliatamente l'anatomia descrittiva del nervo faciale. Lo studio inizia con la genesi del messaggio nervoso a livello corticale con le afferenze per i nuclei centrali. Viene, poi, descritto il tragitto intracranico del nervo, dal suo prcorso intrapontino al suo tragitto intrapetroso, passando attraverso la sua porzione nell'angolo pontocerebellare. Infine, sono presentate le divisioni intraparotidee precisando i diversi muscoli che innervano. Un punto importante è costituito dai diversi rami nervosi collaterali intra- ed extrapetrosi. Viene spiegata anche l'anatomia funzionale descrivendo le funzioni e i tragitti dei diversi rami collaterali del nervo insieme alle origini e alle terminazioni dei componenti vegetativi, sensitivi e sensoriali del nervo. Infine, un capitolo è dedicato alle variazioni anatomiche del tragitto del nervo la cui conoscenza è indispensabile per limitare i rischi di paralisi facciale iatrogena durante la dissecazione del nervo.
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Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos 72100 Crete Greece,00302841026182,00306932607174,alsfakia@gmail.com,