Publication date: Available online 19 August 2017
Source:Revista de Logopedia, Foniatría y Audiología
Author(s): Ana Susana Mejía Villalobos, Donna Jackson-Maldonado
El análisis de los procesos fonológicos se ha centrado en muestras provenientes de habla espontánea y en edades muy tempranas. Actualmente, existen muy pocos estudios que describan estos procesos fonológicos en español en edades tardías y que se basen en tareas que involucren una alta carga de procesamiento de la memoria de trabajo como lo es en una prueba de repetición de no-palabras (RNP) en poblaciones con trastorno específico del lenguaje (TEL). Este trabajo contrasta el tipo y ocurrencia de los errores fonológicos entre niños mexicanos con TEL y niños con desarrollo típico (DT) de edad escolar en una prueba de RNP. Participaron en el estudio 16 niños de 5 a 6 años, 8 niños con DT y 8 con TEL. Los resultados mostraron patrones generales de los procesos fonológicos en ambos grupos. Se encontró una distribución similar de los procesos en los grupos TEL y DT. Estos resultados coinciden con otros estudios en otras lenguas y en otras poblaciones en tipo y ocurrencia de procesos: los grupos de niños con TEL presentaron un mayor número de procesos fonológicos. Los procesos más frecuentes en los grupos fueron los de asimilación, modificación de la estructura silábica y los de procesos múltiples. Los procesos que distinguieron las poblaciones de niños con DT y TEL fueron los procesos múltiples, seguidos por los procesos que modifican la estructura silábica. Se muestra que, efectivamente, hay persistencia de los procesos fonológicos en etapas escolares, cuando la tarea exige un mayor nivel de procesamiento.Phonological processes have been extensively studied in spontaneous speech samples and in early stages of development. However, there are very few studies that have addressed these processes in Spanish at later ages in tasks involving a high processing load of the working memory such as a test of non-word repetition (NWR) in children with specific language impairment (SLI). This paper contrasts the occurrence of phonological errors among Mexican children with SLI and typically developing children (TD) using a NWR task. The study included 16 children aged 5-6 years: 8 children with SLI and 8 with TD. The results showed general patterns in the behavior of phonological processes in both groups. Also, a similar distribution of processes was in the SLI and TD groups. These results support studies in other languages both in type and tokens of processes: the SLI group had a higher number of phonological processes. The most productive processes in both groups were assimilation, processes with modification of the syllabic structure and multiple processes. The TD and SLI groups could be distinguished by phonological processes. Among those processes that showed differences between groups were multiple processes, followed by processes that modify the syllabic structure. We show that phonological processes are persistent into the school years when children are presented with a task that involves a greater processing load.
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