Evolution of the Human Nervous System Function, Structure, and Development

Publication date: 13 July 2017
Source:Cell, Volume 170, Issue 2
Author(s): André M.M. Sousa, Kyle A. Meyer, Gabriel Santpere, Forrest O. Gulden, Nenad Sestan
The nervous system—in particular, the brain and its cognitive abilities—is among humans' most distinctive and impressive attributes. How the nervous system has changed in the human lineage and how it differs from that of closely related primates is not well understood. Here, we consider recent comparative analyses of extant species that are uncovering new evidence for evolutionary changes in the size and the number of neurons in the human nervous system, as well as the cellular and molecular reorganization of its neural circuits. We also discuss the developmental mechanisms and underlying genetic and molecular changes that generate these structural and functional differences. As relevant new information and tools materialize at an unprecedented pace, the field is now ripe for systematic and functionally relevant studies of the development and evolution of human nervous system specializations.

Teaser

How does the human nervous system differ from those of closely related primates in terms of function, organization, and development?


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