Αρχειοθήκη ιστολογίου

Πέμπτη 14 Απριλίου 2022

Superficial parotidectomy with or without great auricular nerve preservation. Is there a difference in postoperative sensory recovery rates and quality of life?

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This study aimed to compare sensory recovery rates and quality of life (QoL) in patients who had undergone superficial parotidectomy and had their GAN preserved or sacrificed. Fifty patients were prospectively analysed, 28 with the GAN preserved, and 22 with it sacrificed. The primary outcomes were tactile sensitivity and QoL. The secondary outcomes were operating times and other complications. (Source: The British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery)
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Long-term clinical outcomes of immediate loading versus non-immediate loading in single-implant restorations: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Dental implant restoration is a predictable treatment option for replacing missing or damaged teeth. Conventional loading requires a prolonged treatment period and second surgical interventions. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes between immediate and non-immediate (early or conventional) loading in single-implant restorations. A literature search of the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases was performed in January 2020. Only randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were included. (Source: International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery)
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Poor Treatment Outcomes with Second-Line Chemotherapy in Advanced Synovial Sarcoma

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Via Oncology
CONCLUSION: Our exploratory study revealed that the response rate of second-line chemotherapy regimens for patients with synovial sarcoma was 9.4%. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop more active therapeutic regimens for synovial sarcomas.PMID:35405680 | DOI:10.1159/000524500 (Source: Oncology)
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SEARCH FOR EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE OF DOSE-RATE AND WALL SCATTERING EFFECTS IN THE THERMOLUMINESCENCE RESPONSE OF LIF:MG,TI (TLD-100)

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Abstract
An experimental investigation into the possibility of dose-rate effects and wall scatter in the thermoluminescent response of LiF:Mg,Ti (TLD-100) was carried out. The investigation was motivated by theoretical simulations predicting the possible presence of dose-rate effects coupled with the lack of detailed experimental studies. The dose rate was varied by changing the source to sample distance, by the use of attenuators, sources of 137Cs of various activities, filtration and the construction of identical geometrical irradiators of Teflon and stainless steel. Four levels of dose in the linear dose response region were studied at 10−2 Gy, 1.5 × 10−2 Gy, 0.1 Gy and 0.5 Gy to avoid complications in interpretation due to supralinearity above 1 Gy. At the dose of 1.5 × 10−2 Gy, the dose rate was varied by five orders of magnitude from 4.9 × 10−3 Gy s−1 to 4.9 × 10− 8 Gy s−1. At the other levels of dose, a one to two orders of magnitude in dose rate was achieved. Within the measurement uncertainty of 5–10%, no dose-rate effects were observed in any of the experimental measurements and no changes in the shape of the glow curve were observed. The maximum wall scatter effect (Teflon to stainless steel) was measured at ~8% within the experimental uncertainty and well below expectations. The results are encouraging with respect to the accurate and reproducible use of LiF:Mg,Ti under various experimental conditions of irradiation.
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THE INFLUENCE OF LOW-DOSE OCCUPATIONAL RADIATION EXPOSURE ON PERIPHERAL BLOOD CELLS IN A COHORT OF CHINESE MEDICAL RADIATION WORKERS

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Abstract
Objectives
The study aims to assess the change of peripheral blood cell numbers following protracted low-dose radiation exposure among medical radiation workers.
Methods
A cohort of 375 Chinese medical workers were followed for 5 years (2015–19) and recorded the changes in blood cells and cumulative doses. T-test, least significant difference-T test, variance analysis and correlation analysis were utilized in this study.
Results
Compared with the control group, the white blood cells, hemoglobin counts and the ratio of eosinophils in the study group showed a downward trend. The differences in blood cells between groups were mainly found in the number of red blood cells. In a short cumulative time, such as 1 or 3 years, a correlation between the cumulative dose and the quantity of blood cells was detected, but not at 5 years.
Conclusions
There is no significant difference in the blood cell count s between different types of work, and the long-term cumulative dose has not been statistically correlated with the number of blood cells. So that the number of peripheral blood cells can no longer be used as a good indicator of radiation damage.
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DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF A PEDIATRIC THYROID PHANTOM FOR USE IN RADIO-IODINE UPTAKE MEASUREMENT, IMAGE QUALITY CONTROL AND DOSIMETRY

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Abstract
Estimating internal contamination from 131I for children in nuclear accidents is a crucial subject in the radiation protection field. Throughout this paper, an urgent and simple method was proposed for measuring 131I inside the pediatric thyroid gland by constructing a neck and thyroid phantom. For this purpose, CT scan images of healthy child's thyroids were obtained, and the sizes of different parts were determined by a 3D slicer image processing software. Girls with the body surface area between 0.95 and 1.05 were involved in this study. The fabricated phantom is composed of 5 cylindrical slabs of 2-cm thickness, and several small holes were constructed for TLD dosemeters near the thyroid gland and all other parts of the neck. The phantom was constructed utilizing a 3D printer with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene plastic. The thyroid phantom was filled with radioiodine-131, and calibration curves were plotted for contam ination estimation. A nodular thyroid phantom was also constructed. The nodular phantom or the resolution phantom has 4 removable parts containing cylindrical holes with diameters of 3, 6, 9 and 12 mm. These holes on the thyroid glands can be filled with different activities of radionuclides to serve as hot and cold spots for quality control of nuclear medicine images. The results show that the designed phantom is applicable in different fields such as nuclear image quality and resolution tests, dosimetry and iodine thyroid uptake estimation in nuclear medicine departments, and nuclear emergency monitoring.
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Τρίτη 12 Απριλίου 2022

Status of IDH mutations in chondrosarcoma of the jaws

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The aim was to analyse the relationship between mutations of the isocitrate dehydrogenase gene (IDH) and clinical characteristics of chondrosarcoma of the jaw in order to provide new information on its molecular pathology. Tissue samples were collected from 25 patients diagnosed with chondrosarcoma of the jaw. IDH mutations were detected through polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing. Clinicopathological data were analysed retrospectively. The study included 14 female and 11 male patients; the median patient age was 38 years. (Source: International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery)
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Antibiotic-Induced Gut Microbiota Depletion Accelerates the Recovery of Radiation-Induced Oral Mucositis in Rats

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Publication date: Available online 8 April 2022

Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics

Author(s): Ghanyah Al-Qadami, Gunjan Verma, Ysabella Van Sebille, Hien Le, Ian Hewson, Emma Bateman, Hannah Wardill, Joanne Bowen

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Randomized Trial of Conventional- vs Conventional plus Fluciclovine (18F) PET/CT-Guided Post-Prostatectomy Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer: Volumetric and Patient-Reported Toxicity Analyses

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Publication date: Available online 11 April 2022

Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics

Author(s): Vishal R Dhere, David M Schuster, Subir Goyal, Eduard Schreibmann, Bruce W Hershatter, Peter J Rossi, Joseph W Shelton, Pretesh R Patel, Ashesh B Jani

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Long-Term Cardiovascular Outcomes After Bariatric Surgery in the Medicare Population

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Publication date: 19 April 2022

Source: Journal of the American College of Cardiology, Volume 79, Issue 15

Author(s): Amgad Mentias, Ali Aminian, Dalia Youssef, Ambarish Pandey, Venu Menon, Leslie Cho, Steven E. Nissen, Milind Y. Desai

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Principles of Surgery in Head and Neck Cutaneous Melanoma

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Surgical management of head and neck melanoma starts from the primary biopsy of the cutaneous site by a narrow excision with a 1 to 3  mm margins. The margin should include the whole breadth and sufficient depth of the lesion. The key is not to transect the lesion. With the advent of molecular testing, gene expression profiling, and immunotherapies, the surgical management of advanced melanoma has changed. Sentinel lymph node bio psy is an essential armamentarium for T2a and higher staging/greater than 1 mm thick and advance stage disease. Molecular pathogenesis and cancer immunology are recognized in the recent treatment protocols along with surgery in advanced stages of melanoma. (Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics)
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Mohs Micrographic Surgery for the Treatment of Cutaneous Melanomas of the Head and Neck

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Surgical excision achieving clear histologic margins remains the mainstay treatment for primary cutaneous melanoma. Tumors of the head and neck, particularly those arising in chronically sun-damaged skin, often demonstrate extensive and asymmetric subclinical extension. Over the decades, this has proven to be a significant problem for tumors arising on the head and neck, as anatomic and functional complexities of these areas have led to suboptimal surgical treatment, yielding unacceptably high rates of local recurrence and persistently positive margins with traditional wide local excision. Patients who undergo Mohs micrographic surgery may have improved survival over those who undergo wide local excision. (Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics)
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Poor Treatment Outcomes with Second-Line Chemotherapy in Advanced Synovial Sarcoma

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Via Oncology
CONCLUSION: Our exploratory study revealed that the response rate of second-line chemotherapy regimens for patients with synovial sarcoma was 9.4%. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop more active therapeutic regimens for synovial sarcomas.PMID:35405680 | DOI:10.1159/000524500 (Source: Oncology)
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