MiR-124-3p attenuates brain microvascular endothelial cell injury in vitro by promoting autophagy

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader MiR-124-3p attenuates brain microvascular endothelial cell injury in vitro by promoting autophagy Via Cellular and Molecular Biology Histol Histopathol. 2021 Dec 13:18406. doi: 10.14670/HH-18-406. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can cause the pathological disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and associated neurological injury. Reducing the severity of such barrier disruption following TBI can decrease the degree of brain edema, suppress intracranial inflammation, and thereby protect against neurological damage. The BBB is made up of brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVECs), neurons, pericytes, astrocytes, and extracellular matrix components. In prior analyses, we have demonstrated that miR-124-3p expression is enhanced in microglia-derived exosomes following TBI, with this miRNA being capable of promoting neural repair after such injury. Based upon these results, the present study was formulated to examine the impact of miR-124-3p on BMVEC function and to evaluatethe mechanistic basis for its activity by overexpressing miR-1 24-3p in these endothelial cells. We utilized a bEnd.3 cell scratch wound in vitro model to simulate TBI-associated brain microvascular endothelial cell injury. Lipofectamine3000 was used to transfect endothelial cells such that they overexpressed miR-124-3p. Fluorescence microscopy was used to observe the effects of miR-124-3p expression on these endothelial cells. TUNEL+CD31 immunofluorescence stainingwas employed to observe endothelial cell apoptosis. Tight junctions were observed via ionconductivity microscopy. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of tight junction proteins (occludin, ZO-1), autophagy-associated proteins (Beclin-1, p62, LC3-II/LC3-I), and mTOR-associated proteins (p-mTOR, PDE4B). Chloroquine was used to treat these injured endothelial cells overexpressing miR-124-3p, and endothelial cell apoptosis was assessed via TUNEL+CD31 immunofluorescence staining. We found that the upregulation of miR-124-3p was sufficient to suppress bEnd.3 cell apoptotic de ath following in vitro scratch injury while promoting the upregulation of the tight junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin in these cells, thereby reducing the degree of leakage across the cerebral microvascular endothelial barrier. These protective effects may be related to the ability of miR-124-3p to suppress mTOR signaling and to induce autophagic activity within BMVECs. These data support a model wherein miR-124-3p can inhibit mTOR signaling and promote autophagic induction in BMVECs, thereby protecting these cells against TBI-induced damage. PMID:34897628 | DOI:10.14670/HH-18-406 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

The impact of worst pattern of invasion on the extension of surgical margins in oral squamous cell carcinoma

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader The impact of worst pattern of invasion on the extension of surgical margins in oral squamous cell carcinoma Via Head & Neck Abstract Background To evaluate margins for oral carcinoma according to types of invasion front. Methods Retrospective cohort of 772 patients with worst pattern of invasion (WPOI) graded 1–5. Local recurrence was the outcome of interest. Results Local recurrences occurred in 164 patients (21.2%) and was affected by WPOI type 4/5, margin distance, perineural invasion, and adjuvant radiotherapy. In patients with WPOI types 1/2/3, a cutoff of 1.7 mm was considered ideal margin extent and in patients with WPOI types 4/5, the cutoff was 7.8 mm. Patients below these thresholds had a significantly higher incidence of local recurrence. Conclusions Different WPOI determine the ideal extent of surgical margins as 1.7 mm for patients with types 1–3, and 7.8 mm in patients with types 4/5. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Skin Color Match in Head and Neck Reconstructive Surgery

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Skin Color Match in Head and Neck Reconstructive Surgery Via The Laryngoscope Objectives/Hypothesis To quantify the degree of color match achieved during microvascular facial reconstruction, and to describe a novel technique for improving reconstructive skin color match. We hypothesize that split-thickness skin grafts (STSG) placed atop de-epithelialized free tissue produces better facial skin color match than free tissue with intact epithelium. Study Design Cross sectional photographic study of reconstructed facial skin color match. Methods Sixty-eight adults, who underwent head and neck reconstructive surgery, were divided into six categories based on cutaneous reconstructive technique: cervicofacial flap, radial forearm free flap (RFFF), fibula free flap, anterolateral thigh free flap (ALT), STSG over adiopofascial flap (STAFF), and STSG over myogenous flap (STMF). Averaged color samplings of the reconstructed defect and adjacent normal skin were taken from digital photographs. The color difference was calculated using the delta-E calculation. Blinded expert observers also rated the degree of color match. Nonparametric cohort contrast and correlation statistical analyses were performed. Results The mean delta-E's and 10-point Likert ratings for the ALT, fibula, RFFF, STAFF, STMF, and cervicofacial flaps were 11.6, 10.0, 7.7, 6.3, 8.8, and 4.7, and 5.1, 6.4, 2.4, 3.2, 2.7, and 1.1, respectively. Likert scale inter-rater correlation was strong, with coefficient = 0.80. Conclusions On average, STSG over de-epithelialized myogenous and adipofascial free tissue transfers produced a better color match than the skin paddles of donor sites, with the exception of the radial forearm donor site. Delta-E values obtained from photos correlated well with expert ratings of color match. This reliable technique for quantifying color match may be used in future studies. Level of Evidence 3 Laryngoscope, 2021 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Root Cause Analysis of Na131I Contamination

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Root Cause Analysis of Na<sup>131</sup>I Contamination Via radioactive iodine J Nucl Med Technol. 2021 Dec;49(4):350-353. doi: 10.2967/jnmt.121.262492. ABSTRACT Establishing a cause-and-effect relationship for an adverse event is one of the key steps in preventing them and involves multiple people, resources, and steps, thus requiring a root cause analysis. Here, we describe a root cause analysis performed in the nuclear medicine department for an event involving Na131I contamination. Oral administration of Na131I in a capsule minimizes the risk of contamination and spills. However, the patient must be able to swallow a capsule. Na131I in capsule form is currently in widespread use for treatment of hyperthyroidism and thyroid cancer. Na131I in liquid form is rarely available immediately on demand and must be ordered at least 24-48 h in advance of the planned administration. The events leading to the incident, immediate remedial steps taken, and subsequent root cause analysis are described. The corrective actions taken after the root cause analysis, as well as the subsequent effectiveness of these actions, are mentioned. There may be one or multiple causes for an adverse event. It is important to identify the root cause. Corrective actions derived from the root cause can help prevent similar adverse events in the future. Therapeutic procedures in nuclear medicine involve unsealed radioactive sources, further adding a separate layer of immediate steps and reporting to the root cause analysis it self. PMID:34862264 | DOI:10.2967/jnmt.121.262492 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Endoscopic Anatomy of the Zygomatic Nerve: Implications for the Endoscopic Transmaxillary Approach

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Endoscopic Anatomy of the Zygomatic Nerve: Implications for the Endoscopic Transmaxillary Approach Via Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B: Skull Base J Neurol Surg B Skull Base DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1739237 Background Understanding the anatomic features of the zygomatic nerve is critical for performing the endoscopic transmaxillary approach properly. Injury to the zygomatic nerve can result in facial numbness and corneal problems. Objective To evaluate the surgical anatomy of the zygomatic nerve and its segments from an endoscopic endonasal perspective for clinical implications of performing the endoscopic transmaxillary approach. Methods The origin, course, length, and segments of the zygomatic nerve were studied in four specimens from an endonasal perspective. Results The zygomatic nerve arises 4.1 ± 1.7 mm from the foramen rotundum of the maxillary nerve in the superolateral pterygopalatine fossa (PPF). According to its anatomic region in endonasal endoscopic surgery, we divided the zygomatic nerve into two segments: the PPF segment, from origin to the point of entry under Muller's muscle, which runs superolaterally to the inferior orbital fissure (IOF) (length, 4.6 ± 1.3 mm), and the IOF segment, starting at the entry point in Muller's muscle and terminating at the exit point in the IOF, which travels between Muller's muscle and the great wing of the sphenoid bone (length, 19.6 ± 3.6 mm). In the transmaxillary approach, the zygomatic nerve is a critical landmark in the superolateral PPF. Conclusion The zygomatic nerve travels in the PPF and the IOF; better visualization and preservation of this nerve during endonasal endoscopic surgery are crucial for successful outcomes. [...] Georg Thieme Verlag KG Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany Article in Thieme eJournals: Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Prognostic role of neutrophil lymphocyte ratio and mean platelet volume in Bell's palsy: Comparison of diabetic and non-diabetic patients

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Prognostic role of neutrophil lymphocyte ratio and mean platelet volume in Bell's palsy: Comparison of diabetic and non-diabetic patients Via Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico-Facial Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2021 Nov 15:S1808-8694(21)00184-1. doi: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2021.10.003. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT OBJECTIVES: A low Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) has been shown to be associated with good prognosis in Bell's Palsy (BP). However, the effect of chronic diseases that may affect the NLR, including Diabetes Mellitus (DM), has not been clarified in this context. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between NLR and Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) in BP according to whether it is accompanied by DM, and their relationship with prognosis. METHODS: A prospective observational study was conducted from May 2014 to May 2020 in a tertiary referral center, of all 79 consecutive participants diagnosed with BP in department of otolaryngology and 110 consecutive healthy participants admitted to the check-up unit. Patients diagnosed with BP were divided into two groups according to whether they were diagnosed with DM: diabetic BP patients (DM-BP, n = 33) and non-diabetic BP patients without any chronic disease (nonDM-BP, n = 46). Neutrophil (NEUT) and Lymphocyte (LYM) counts, and Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) were assessed from peripheral blood samples, and the NLR was calculated. Prognosis was evaluated using the House-Brackmann Score (HBS) six months after diagnosis. RESULTS: The mean NLR was 2.85 ± 1.85 in BP patients and 1.69 ± 0.65 in the control group. The mean NLR was significantly higher in BP patients than healthy controls (p < 0.001). The mean NLR was 2.58 ± 1.83 in the nonDM-BP group, 3.23 ± 1.83 in the DM-BP group, and 1.69 ± 0.65 in the control group. The NLR was significantly higher in the nonDM-BP and DM-BP groups than in the control group (p < 0.05). The recovery was 90% according to the HBS. The optimal cut-off value was 2.41 (p = 0.5). CONCLUSION: The NLR was increased in both diabetic and non-diabetic BP and had similar prognostic value in predicting th e HBS before treatment in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with BP. MPV wasn't significantly different in diabetic and non-diabetic BP patients compared with the normal population. PMID:34895869 | DOI:10.1016/j.bjorl.2021.10.003 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Spontaneous Herniation of Temporomandibular Joint Into the External Auditory Canal

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Spontaneous Herniation of Temporomandibular Joint Into the External Auditory Canal Via ear nose throat Ear Nose Throat J. 2021 Dec 13:1455613211064236. doi: 10.1177/01455613211064236. Online ahead of print. NO ABSTRACT PMID:34894808 | DOI:10.1177/01455613211064236 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

A systematic review of immunomodulatory strategies used in skin-containing preclinical vascularized composite allotransplant models

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader A systematic review of immunomodulatory strategies used in skin-containing preclinical vascularized composite allotransplant models Via Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery : JPRAS J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2021 Nov 13:S1748-6815(21)00548-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2021.11.003. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Acute rejection remains a vexing problem in vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA). Available immunosuppressive regimens are successful at minimizing alloimmune response and allowing VCA in humans. However, repeated rejection episodes are common, and systemic side effects of the current standard regimen (Tacrolimus, MMF, Prednisone) are dose limiting. Novel immunomodulatory approaches to improve allograft acceptance and minimize systemic toxicity are continuously explored in preclinical models. We aimed to systematically summarize past and current approaches to help guide future research in this complex field. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of manuscripts listed in the MEDLINE and PubMed databases. For inclusion, articles had to primarily investigate the effect of a th erapeutic approach on prolonging the survival of a skin-containing preclinical VCA model. Non-VCA studies, human trials, anatomical and feasibility studies, and articles written in a language other than English were excluded. We followed the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. RESULTS: The search retrieved 980 articles of which 112 articles were ultimately included. The majority of investigations used a rat model. An orthotopic hind limb VCA model was used in 53% of the studies. Cell and drug-based approaches were investigated 58 and 52 times, respectively. We provide a comprehensive review of immunomodulatory strategies used in VCA preclinical research over a timeframe of 44 years. CONCLUSION: We identify a transition from anatomically non-specific to anatomical models mimicking clinical needs. As limb transplants have been most frequently performed, preclinical research focused on using the hind limb model. We also id entify a transition from drug-based suppression therapies to cell-based immunomodulation strategies. PMID:34895853 | DOI:10.1016/j.bjps.2021.11.003 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

UK Guidelines for Lipomodelling of the Breast on behalf of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery and Association of Breast Surgery Expert Advisory Group

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader UK Guidelines for Lipomodelling of the Breast on behalf of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery and Association of Breast Surgery Expert Advisory Group Via Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery : JPRAS J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2021 Oct 19:S1748-6815(21)00473-3. doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2021.09.033. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Lipomodelling has become increasingly popular for reconstructive, aesthetic and therapeutic indications. The guidelines summarise available evidence for indications, training, technique, audit and outcomes in lipomodelling and also highlight areas for further research. PMID:34895855 | DOI:10.1016/j.bjps.2021.09.033 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Long-term results of a standardized enhanced recovery protocol in unilateral, secondary autologous breast reconstructions using an abdominal free flap

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Long-term results of a standardized enhanced recovery protocol in unilateral, secondary autologous breast reconstructions using an abdominal free flap Via Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery : JPRAS J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2021 Nov 14:S1748-6815(21)00563-5. doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2021.11.019. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: In 2015, we published one of the first reports using an enhanced recovery protocol (ERP) in microsurgery1, and in 2016, our final ERP setup in autologous breast reconstruction (ABR) using free abdominal flaps2. We showed that by adhering to a few simple, easy to measure, functional discharge criteria, it was possible to safely discharge the patients by the third postoperative day (POD). However, one of the challenges of interpreting studies using ERP in ABR is the often heterogenous patient populations and the need to clearly distinguish between primary and secondary and unilateral and bilateral reconstructions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the 5-year period from 2016-2020, the same surgical team, performed 147 unilateral, delayed breast reconstructions (135 DIEP, 9 MS-T RAM-2, and 3 SIEA flaps) according to our previous analgesic protocol and surgical strategy. Data were collected prospectively. RESULTS: Three flaps were lost (2%) and 82% of the patients(n=128) were discharged to home by POD 2 (n=8%) or 3 (74%). The remaining 18% (n=26) were discharged by POD 4 (12.5%) or 5 (5.5%). Ten patients (7%) were reoperated, and 17 patients (12%) had minor complications within POD 30 (infection, seroma, etc.) that did not necessitate hospital admission. CONCLUSION: Using our ERP, unproblematic discharge directly to home is possible on POD 3 in more than 80% of patients after ABR. ERP is no longer a research tool but considered standard of care in microsurgical breast reconstruction. PMID:3489 5856 | DOI:10.1016/j.bjps.2021.11.019 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Laryngopharyngeal reflux in chronic rhinosinusitis patients and the role of endoscopic sinus surgery

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Laryngopharyngeal reflux in chronic rhinosinusitis patients and the role of endoscopic sinus surgery Via Polyps Auris Nasus Larynx. 2021 Dec 9:S0385-8146(21)00270-4. doi: 10.1016/j.anl.2021.11.011. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT OBJECTIVES: Latest literature proposes laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) as the underlying contributory factor for chronic inflammation in both upper and lower airways. In this study, we investigated LPR symptoms and signs of CRS patients and the various factors on their LPR symptoms and signs. We also evaluated the effect of the LPR symptoms and signs of CRS patients after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis from 91 patients who underwent primary ESS. They were assessed for LPR symptoms with Reflux Symptom Index (RSI) and Reflux Finding Scores (RFS) before ESS. Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT)-22, Lund-Mackay (LM) scoring system, and Lund-Kennedy (LK) scoring system were evaluated for CRS severity. They had to fulfill SNOT-22, RSI, and RFS at 6 months after surgery. RESULTS: N asal polyps, smoking, asthma, allergy, LM scores and LK scores didn't have significant correlations with preoperative RSI and RFS (P > .05 for all). RSI had significant correlations with SNOT-22 preoperatively and postoperatively (P < .05 for all). RFS had a significant correlation with postoperative SNOT-22 (P = 0.034). RSI and RFS decreased significantly more after ESS (P < 0.001 for both). Smoking had a significant effect on the postoperative RFS (P = 0.003). Non-smoker showed significantly lower scores of postoperative RFS (P = .0.003). CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that subjective CRS symptoms were related with subjective LPR symptoms and ESS was effective in reducing signs and symptoms of LPR in CRS patients. Especially, smoking was associated with less improvement of laryngoscopic findings after ESS. PMID:34895940 | DOI:10.1016/j.anl.2021.11.011 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.