Tongue muscle strength affects posterior pharyngeal wall advancement during swallowing: A cross‐sectional study of outpatients with dysphagia

Greek DailyNews shared this article with you from Inoreader Tongue muscle strength affects posterior pharyngeal wall advancement during swallowing: A cross‐sectional study of outpatients with dysphagia Via Journal of Oral Rehabilitation Abstract Background Tongue muscle strength is important for swallowing but decreases with age, in association with reduced skeletal muscle mass. However, the relationships between pharyngeal dynamics and both skeletal muscle mass and tongue muscle strength are unknown. Objective To investigate the effect of reductions in tongue muscle strength on pharyngeal movement during swallowing in patients with dysphagia. Methods Subjects were selected from male outpatients ≥65 years old who were examined for the main complaint of dysphagia. Patients with history of neurodegenerative disease affecting tongue movement, cerebrovascular disease or oral cancer were excluded. As a result, 82 men (mean age, 80.6 ± 6.8 years) participated. Skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) as physical parameters and maximum tongue pressure (MTP) as tongue muscles strength were measured. Status and dynamics of the pharyngeal organs, including change in posterior pharyngeal wall advancement (PPWA) when swallowing 3.0 mL of moderately thick liquid, were measured by analysing videofluoroscopic images. Simple bivariate correlation and multiple regression analysis were used to statistically analyse correlations between parameters. Results MTP showed a significant positive correlation with SMI (r = .43, P < .01). PPWA showed a significant negative correlation with MTP (r = −0.30, P < .01), but no association with SMI. Conclusions While tongue muscle strength is affected by skeletal muscle mass, posterior pharyngeal wall advancement is not readily affected by decreases in skeletal muscle mass. Posterior pharyngeal wall advancement may increase to compensate for swallowing function among individuals with reduced tongue muscle strength. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Assessment of posterior tongue mobility using lingual‐palatal suction: Progress towards a functional definition of ankyloglossia

Greek DailyNews shared this article with you from Inoreader Assessment of posterior tongue mobility using lingual‐palatal suction: Progress towards a functional definition of ankyloglossia Via Journal of Oral Rehabilitation Abstract Background A functional definition of ankyloglossia has been based on assessment of tongue mobility using the tongue range of motion ratio (TRMR) with the tongue tip extended towards the incisive papilla (TIP). Whereas this measurement has been helpful in assessing for variations in the mobility of the anterior one‐third of the tongue (tongue tip and apex), it may be insufficient to adequately assess the mobility of the posterior two‐thirds body of the tongue. A commonly used modification is to assess TRMR while the tongue is held in suction against the roof of the mouth in lingual‐palatal suction (LPS). Objective This study aims to explore the utility and normative values of TRMR‐LPS as an adjunct to functional assessment of tongue mobility using TRMR‐TIP. Study Design Cross‐sectional cohort study of 611 subjects (ages: 3‐83 years) from the general population. Methods Measurements of tongue mobility using TRMR were performed with TIP and LPS functional movements. Objective TRMR measurements were compared with subjective self‐assessment of resting tongue position, ease or difficulty elevating the tongue tip to the palate, and ease or difficulty elevating the tongue body to the palate. Results There was a statistically significant association between the objective measures of TRMR‐TIP and TRMR‐LPS and subjective reports of tongue mobility. LPS measurements were much more highly correlated with differences in elevating the posterior body of the tongue as compared to TIP measurements (R2 0.31 vs 0.05, P < .0001). Conclusions This study validates the TRMR‐LPS as a useful functional metric for assessment of posterior tongue mobility. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Is jaw muscle activity impaired in adults with persistent temporomandibular disorders? A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Greek DailyNews shared this article with you from Inoreader Is jaw muscle activity impaired in adults with persistent temporomandibular disorders? A systematic review and meta‐analysis Via Journal of Oral Rehabilitation Abstract Understanding jaw muscle activity changes in temporomandibular disorders (TMD) is crucial to guide clinical management. The nature of these changes is currently unclear. Explore changes in jaw muscle activity in TMD. Electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane) and bibliographies were searched from inception to 9 July 2020 for eligible studies, including grey literature. Case‐control and interventional studies reporting time‐domain and frequency‐domain electromyographic measures of jaw muscle activity in TMD and control groups were included. SIGN checklist for case‐control studies was used to evaluate risk of bias. Results were pooled for meta‐analysis using random‐effects model. Confidence in cumulative evidence was established using American Academy of Neurology guidelines. Forty‐five studies were included. Most were rated moderate risk of bias. Activity of four muscles (masseter, temporalis, lateral pterygoid, suprahyoids) was as sessed across six domains (resting, clenching, chewing, swallowing, concentrating, resisted mandibular movements), with partial meta‐analysis scope. Masseter and temporalis activity were significantly higher at rest (P = .05, P < .0001), but lower during brief maximal clenching (P = .005, P = .04) in TMD vs controls. Insufficient data precluded meta‐analysis of remaining outcomes and subgroup analysis. Confidence in cumulative evidence ranged from moderate to very low. Changes in jaw muscle activity exist in TMD, which are both task‐specific and muscle‐specific. It remains unclear whether jaw muscle activity changes vary between TMD subgroups. Muscle function should be considered in clinical management of TMD. Insufficient subgroup data highlight future direction for research. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Mapping research trends of temporomandibular disorders from 2010 to 2019: A bibliometric analysis

Greek DailyNews shared this article with you from Inoreader Mapping research trends of temporomandibular disorders from 2010 to 2019: A bibliometric analysis Via Journal of Oral Rehabilitation Abstract Background Because of various clinical manifestations and complicated courses, temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are difficult to treat. Current knowledge about this disease remains insufficient for precise treatment after diagnosis. Objectives The objective of this study is to obtain and map the overall literature trends and most cited keywords in TMDs research. Methods Many indicators, including annual number of publications, country distribution, global cooperations, author contributions, original journals, cited references and keywords, were calculated and evaluated using VOSviewer v.1.6.13, which visualised many results, from the WoSCC database. Results A total of 3121 papers on TMDs research were retrieved from 2010 to 2019. The United States produced the most articles published, but the most productive institution was the University of Sao Paulo (Brazil). Researchers and institutions conducting TMDs research have shown a very widespread and close connection. TMDs have been studied worldwide by many research centres. Professor Svensson P was the most published researcher in TMDs research and the Journal of Oral Rehabilitation published the most TMDs research articles. The top cited references mainly presented diagnostic criteria of TMDs. The most cited keywords formed clusters: (a) Anatomical factor of TMDs, (b) Symptoms of TMDs and (c) RDC/TMD, the risk factors, biopsychosocial factors and epidemiology of TMDs. Conclusions The research results provide very valuable data for a thorough understanding of the research status of TMDs and demonstrated international cooperation. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Prevalence of temporomandibular disorders in musicians: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Greek DailyNews shared this article with you from Inoreader Prevalence of temporomandibular disorders in musicians: A systematic review and meta‐analysis Via Journal of Oral Rehabilitation Abstract Objective To determine the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in musicians. Materials And Methods Electronic database searches and a manual search were performed. Qualitative and quantitative analysis including risk of bias was performed for studies that met the inclusion criteria. A meta‐analysis of proportions with a random effects model was performed, and heterogeneity was explored according to the moderating variable through subgroup analysis and metaregression. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE tool. Results A total of 13 articles were included for the meta‐analysis. Pooled prevalence estimate was 52.8% (CI 95 %; 33.4% ‐ 71.7%) for wind instruments, 53.9% (CI 95%; 42.4% ‐ 65.2%) for string instruments, and 53.9% (CI 95%; 23.5% ‐ 82.7%) for string and wind instruments. The average time of use of the musical instrument explained 82.38% the heterogeneity between the sizes of the effects observed in the analysis (R2 = 82.38%; p < 0.0001). For prevalence of TMD, the GRADE criteria were considered very low. Conclusion The overall combined prevalence of TMD in musicians was approximately 53.9%, and musicians who use their instruments daily and for a long period of time may have a higher prevalence of TMD. Clinical Significance Due to the high prevalence of TMD in musicians, health professionals must be careful not to underestimate signs and symptoms and correctly diagnose these cases. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Association between polysomnographic parameters of sleep bruxism and attrition‐type tooth wear

Greek DailyNews shared this article with you from Inoreader Association between polysomnographic parameters of sleep bruxism and attrition‐type tooth wear Via Journal of Oral Rehabilitation Abstract Background Clinically, sleep bruxism is considered to be associated with the presence of tooth wear, but strong evidence is still lacking. Objective To examine whether an association exists between polysomnographic parameters, recorded from patients with possible sleep bruxism, and tooth wear. Methods Sixty‐three possible sleep bruxers (19 males and 44 females, mean±SD age = 38.5±11.4 yrs) were recruited among patients attending the Clinic for Orofacial Pain and Dysfunction of the Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA). The incisal/occlusal tooth wear was recorded for each tooth clinically, using a 5‐point ordinal scale. Subsequently, all patients underwent an one‐night ambulatory polysomnographic recording, during which the number of bruxism episodes per hour of sleep (Epi/h), the number of bruxism bursts per hour of sleep (Bur/h), and the bruxism time index (BTI) were recorded and analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was performed using the presence of tooth wear as the dependent variable, the polysomnographic recordings as independent variables, and corrected for age and gender. The Bur/h and BTI were removed from the analyses due to collinearity with the Epi/h. Additionally, the polysomnographic recordings were also tested for possible association with sel f‐reported grinding of the teeth during sleep. Results No significant correlation was found between tooth wear and Epi/h (P=.381). In addition, the presence of tooth wear was not associated with self‐reported parafunctions. Conclusion Clinically measured tooth wear and self‐reported parafunction seem not be related to the polysomnographic parameters of possible sleep bruxism. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

The effect of the ischaemic compression technique on pain and functionality in temporomandibular disorders: A randomised clinical trial

Greek DailyNews shared this article with you from Inoreader The effect of the ischaemic compression technique on pain and functionality in temporomandibular disorders: A randomised clinical trial Via Journal of Oral Rehabilitation Abstract Background Interventions addressing pain and impaired functionality in individuals with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are needed. Objective To compare the effects of 4 weeks of exercise combined with ischaemic compression and exercise alone in patients with TMDs. Methods Fifty patients who were diagnosed with TMDs were randomised into Group 1 (exercise combined with ischaemic compression technique) (n = 25) or Group 2 (exercise alone) (n = 25). Both groups performed 4 weeks of Rocabado's exercise and 3 weeks of postural exercise, while Group 1 received ischaemic compression to the masseter muscle for a total of 3 sessions in addition to exercise. A ruler was used to assess range of motion (ROM) (painless mouth opening (PMO), maximum mouth opening, maximum assisted mouth opening (MAMO), left lateral movement and right lateral movement), the visual analogue scale and graded chronic pain scale were used to assess pain, an algometer was used to determine the pain pressure threshold (PPT), and the 8‐item jaw functional limitation scale was used to assess, functionality. The assessments were performed at baseline, at week 1 and at week 4. Results The participants in Group 1 exhibited larger PMO (F = 5.26, P = .02) and MAMO values (F = 6.71, P = .01) than did the patients in Group 2 at week 1. The effect size was small for MAMO (ES = 0.27) and moderate for PMO (ES = 0.51). However, there were no significant differences in any other outcomes between groups at week 1 or 4. Conclusion In summary, this randomised controlled trial indicates that exercise combined with ICT and exercise alone have similar effects on ROM, pain, the PPT and functionality in patients with TMDs. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Changes of bolus properties and the triggering of swallowing in healthy humans

Greek DailyNews shared this article with you from Inoreader Changes of bolus properties and the triggering of swallowing in healthy humans Via Journal of Oral Rehabilitation Abstract Background There is wide variation in chewing behaviors, even among healthy humans. Further, the way in which humans determine swallowing initiation when chewing solid foods remains unclear. The current study sought to investigate how the bolus properties change over time during chewing, and to clarify which factors affect chewing and swallowing behaviors, including swallowing initiation, in healthy humans. Methods Twenty‐four healthy volunteers were instructed to chew 8 g of steamed rice and spit it out at 50%, 100% and 150% of their own chewing duration, defined as the time of chewing from onset of the first chewing cycle to onset of the first swallow. Chewing and swallowing behaviors were monitored and determined by visual inspection of video recordings. The physical properties such as hardness, cohesiveness and adhesiveness as well as water content of the bolus were measured. In each subject, maximum bite force, tongue pressure, and stimulated salivary flow rate were also measured. Results Hardness gradually decreased, and the cohesiveness and water content of the bolus did not change up to 50% of chewing duration, followed by a slight but significant increase. The adhesiveness of the bolus rapidly decreased at the beginning of chewing. Chewing duration was significantly related to stimulated salivary flow rate; greater salivary flow rate was associated with shorter chewing duration. Conclusion Variation of chewing duration and swallowing initiation was not dependent on bolus properties during the chewing of steamed rice, but mainly depended on the surface lubrication of the bolus. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Construction of virtual intercuspal occlusion: considering tooth displacement

Greek DailyNews shared this article with you from Inoreader Construction of virtual intercuspal occlusion: considering tooth displacement Via Journal of Oral Rehabilitation Abstract Background Common impressions cannot accurately duplicate the dental occlusion under occlusal force due to tooth displacement and mandibular deformation. Aims To establish new methods to construct virtual intercuspal occlusion and assess their construction accuracy. Methods The intraoral occlusal contacts of posterior teeth of 15 subjects were recorded with 8 μm and 100 μm articulating paper respectively, and the marked teeth and buccal bite data were scanned with an intraoral scanner. The virtual dental occlusions were separately determined by buccal bite registration (BBR) method, and 3 new methods, namely segmented tooth registration (STR), occlusal contact areas (marked by 8 μm articulating paper) registration (OCR) and mixing registration (MR) methods. With the intraoral contact areas marked by 100 μm articulating paper set as reference and contact areas of the 4 virtual occlusion as tests, sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV), and the ratio of overlapping areas were calculated. Kruskal‐Wallis test or 1‐way ANOVA was used to analyze the difference among groups. Results The sensitivity ranged from 0.69 to 0.94 and the PPV from 0.67 to 0.90. Sensitivity of OCR group and PPV of STR and OCR groups were different from that of BBR group at overlapping threshold of 50% (P=.028, .028, and .006). There was statistical difference of the ratio of overlapping areas over reference areas, and the values of STR and OCR groups were higher than that of BBR group (P=.045 and .021). Conclusion The ability of STR and OCR methods to construct virtual intercuspal occlusion were better than BBR method. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Effects of sitting posture and jaw clenching on neck and trunk muscle activities during typing

Greek DailyNews shared this article with you from Inoreader Effects of sitting posture and jaw clenching on neck and trunk muscle activities during typing Via Journal of Oral Rehabilitation Abstract Background Neck pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal complaints. Evidence suggests that increased activities of neck and trunk muscles are one of the mechanisms related to neck pain. Jaw clenching and sitting posture may modulate the muscle activity in neck and trunk muscles during typing. Objective The present study aimed to assess the effects of different postural positions and clenching conditions on neck and trunk muscle activities. Methods Thirteen healthy adults (39.8 ± 5.0 years) performed computer typing tasks in four conditions (two postural positions [upright vs. slouched] and two jaw clenching conditions [clenching vs. non‐clenching]). Integrated surface electromyography (iEMG) was measured in sternocleidomastoid (SCM), upper trapezius (uTP), and middle trapezius (mTP) muscles and compared between conditions. Friedman and Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests with Bonferroni corrections were used to estimate the condition‐specific differences in the iEMG data. The statistical significance level was set at 5%. Results In both postural positions, iEMGSCM was significantly greater under the jaw clenching than under the non‐clenching condition (χ2 = 21.700, p < 0.01). Under both jaw clenching conditions, iEMGuTP was significantly greater in the slouched than in the upright postural position (χ2 = 23.182, p < 0.01). No significant differences in iEMGmTP were seen across conditions (χ2 = 5.018, p = 0.10). Conclusion Sitting posture and jaw clenching appear to influence activities of different muscles. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Association between declines in objective masticatory performance and salivary stress markers: The Suita study

Greek DailyNews shared this article with you from Inoreader Association between declines in objective masticatory performance and salivary stress markers: The Suita study Via Journal of Oral Rehabilitation Abstract Dentists often encounter patients suffering from psychological and social stress due to declines in masticatory performance, making this a critical issue to manage. We aimed to clarify the relationships between salivary stress markers as objective indices of chronic stress and objective masticatory performance in a general urban Japanese population. Data from 880 participants (mean age, 65.8 years) in the Suita study were used. Salivary interleukin (IL)‐6 and cortisol concentrations were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Objective masticatory performance was determined by measuring the increase in surface area test gummy jelly after 30 times chewing. Participants were divided into two groups based on masticatory performance: a decreased group (lowest quartile) and a non‐decreased group (second to fourth quartiles). Odds ratios (ORs) of higher salivary levels of stress markers (highest quartile) according to masticatory performance were estimated using logis tic regression analysis adjusting for age, sex, periodontal status, salivary flow rate and smoking habit. Salivary IL‐6 level was significantly higher in the decreased group than in the non‐decreased group. Logistic regression analysis showed the adjusted OR for higher salivary IL‐6 was significantly higher in the decreased group than in the non‐decreased group (OR = 1.92; 95% confidence interval = 1.33‐2.76; P < .001). No significant associations were found between salivary cortisol and decreased masticatory performance in any analyses. Declines in objective masticatory performance may correlate with higher salivary IL‐6 level as an objective index of chronic stress. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.