Gut hormone adds to obesity surgery’s benefits

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Generation of pluripotent stem cell-derived mouse kidneys in Sall1-targeted anephric rats

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Daily briefing: Gut bacteria linked to depression

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Publisher Correction: Dynamics of oligodendrocyte generation in multiple sclerosis

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Author Correction: c-MAF-dependent regulatory T cells mediate immunological tolerance to a gut pathobiont

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From the archive

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Three-rooted maxillary first premolars incidentally detected on cone beam CT: an in vivo study

Abstract

Purpose

To explore the incidence and analyze the morphology of three-rooted maxillary first premolars (MFPs) incidentally detected on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans.

Methods

Of 1328 patients who underwent CBCT scans of the maxilla, only patients with three-rooted MFPs were selected. Morphological features, including the lengths and diameters of palatal, mesiobuccal (MB) and distobuccal (DB) roots, the positions of bucco-palatal (B-P) bifurcations, the distances between root canal bifurcations and cementoenamel junctions (CEJs) and the distances between the apical thirds of the roots, were measured. The canal configuration and the visibility of root canals were also evaluated.

Results

A total of 16/1328 (1.2%) patients had one or two three-rooted MFPs, and a total of 22/2656 (0.8%) three-rooted MFPs were enrolled. The lengths and diameters of palatal roots were significantly greater than those of other roots. The positions of B-P bifurcations were located mainly at the middle third of the root. The median distances between root canal bifurcations and CEJs were 3 mm for B-P bifurcations and 5.2 mm for MB–DB bifurcations. The distance between MB and DB roots was significantly shorter than the distances between other root pairs. All teeth had a type VIII canal configuration. Palatal roots exhibited the best visibility of root canals, whereas the worst visibility was observed within DB roots. A gender-related relationship was observed only for the lengths of the roots.

Conclusions

The occurrence of three-rooted MFPs is not unusual; therefore, preoperative CBCT evaluation could be suggested whenever endodontic procedures are planned on an MFP.

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Antiresorptive Agent-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (ARONJ): A Twist of Fate in the Bone.

Related Articles

Antiresorptive Agent-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (ARONJ): A Twist of Fate in the Bone.

Tohoku J Exp Med. 2019;247(2):75-86

Authors: Shibahara T

Abstract
Bisphosphonates (BPs) have been used as antiresorptive agents to treat patients with osteoporosis or metastatic bone cancer, each of which is characterized by bone loss due to the increased bone resorption. However, BPs could cause osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ), known as bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ). ONJ is associated with severe pain and deteriorated quality of life. ONJ is also caused by administration of denosumab, a monoclonal antibody against receptor activator of NFκB ligand (RANKL), that functions as a powerful antiresorptive agent. Accordingly, antiresorptive agent-related ONJ (ARONJ) has been advocated, the incidence of which is continuing to increase in Japan as a super-aging society. Importantly, the jawbone is more susceptible to infection compared with bones in other parts of the body, due to the unique anatomical and physiological characteristics; for example, the jawbone with a high remodeling rate is stimulated by teeth during mastication. The risk factors of ARONJ include dental infection, poor occlusal or oral hygiene status, and bone-invasive dental treatment, such as tooth extraction, dental implants, and dentures. Proper collaboration between doctors and dentists is of utmost importance to understand the current status of ARONJ and prevent developing ARONJ. It is also important to ensure that the patients treated with BPs or denosumab can receive appropriate dental treatment. More recently, angiogenesis inhibitors were reported to cause ONJ; thus, medication-related ONJ (MRONJ) has been advocated. This article overviews the concept of MRONJ by focusing on antiresorptive agents and the status of BRONJ in Japan.

PMID: 30713280 [PubMed - in process]

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Prolonged versus brief balloon inflation during arterial angioplasty for de novo atherosclerotic disease: protocol for a systematic review

Angioplasty is a fundamental treatment for atherosclerotic disease in the cardiac, cerebrovascular, and peripheral vascular beds. However, the optimal duration of balloon inflation has not been identified. Our...

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Comparison of transcatheter aortic valve implantation with other approaches to treat aortic valve stenosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVI) is an alternative treatment for patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis ineligible for surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) or at increased perioperat...

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Evidence of past dental visits and incidence of head and neck cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Regular/frequent dental visits, at least annually, can aid in reducing the public health burden of head and neck cancers (HNCs) by facilitating earlier detection of the disease. The aim of this study was to co...

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Versatile kit of robust nanoshapes self-assembling from RNA and DNA modules

Versatile kit of robust nanoshapes self-assembling from RNA and DNA modules

Versatile kit of robust nanoshapes self-assembling from RNA and DNA modules, Published online: 05 February 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-08521-6

DNA and RNA have been used for nanotechnology applications, though rarely in combination. Here the authors report the use of RNA motifs as structural joints with DNA building blocks for enhanced construction of small multi-component nanoshapes.

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Negative differential resistance as a critical indicator for the discharge capacity of lithium-oxygene batteries

Negative differential resistance as a critical indicator for the discharge capacity of lithium-oxygene batteries

Negative differential resistance as a critical indicator for the discharge capacity of lithium-oxygene batteries, Published online: 05 February 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-08536-z

Understanding the fundamental chemistry in Li-O2 battery holds importance to the development of superior energy devices. Here the authors report that the oxygen reduction reaction in Li-O2 battery exhibits negative differential resistance, which can work as an indicator to the reaction pathway.

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Cytoskeletal stiffening in synthetic hydrogels

Cytoskeletal stiffening in synthetic hydrogels

Cytoskeletal stiffening in synthetic hydrogels, Published online: 05 February 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-08569-4

Although common in biology, controlled stiffening of hydrogels in vitro is difficult to achieve. Here the authors show how a biomimetic hybrid hydrogel can be stiffened instantaneously and reversibly up to 50 times.

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A versatile functionalized ionic liquid to boost the solution-mediated performances of lithium-oxygen batteries

A versatile functionalized ionic liquid to boost the solution-mediated performances of lithium-oxygen batteries

A versatile functionalized ionic liquid to boost the solution-mediated performances of lithium-oxygen batteries, Published online: 05 February 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-08422-8

Li-O2 batteries are promising candidates for the next generation of rechargeable batteries, but the side reactions and poor cycling stability limit their applications. Here, the authors show a versatile ionic liquid with functional groups that can address both issues for cells operated in oxygen and air.

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Selection rules for all-optical magnetic recording in iron garnet

Selection rules for all-optical magnetic recording in iron garnet

Selection rules for all-optical magnetic recording in iron garnet, Published online: 05 February 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-08458-w

The authors computationally and experimentally derive the selection rules on polarization, wavelengths, and magnetic damping for non-dissipative аll-optical magnetic recording with femtosecond laser pulses in Co-doped garnet film. The suggested approach is based on a multiple resonant pumping of localized d-electron transitions.

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−60 °C solution synthesis of atomically dispersed cobalt electrocatalyst with superior performance

−60 °C solution synthesis of atomically dispersed cobalt electrocatalyst with superior performance

−60 °C solution synthesis of atomically dispersed cobalt electrocatalyst with superior performance, Published online: 05 February 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-08484-8

Rapid nucleation and growth hinder the formation of atomically dispersed metals on solid supports in solution. Here the authors report a low-temperature solution-phase synthesis for isolated cobalt atoms on nitrogen-doped carbon, with electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction in a microbial fuel cell.

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Combined loss of LAP1B and LAP1C results in an early onset multisystemic nuclear envelopathy

Combined loss of LAP1B and LAP1C results in an early onset multisystemic nuclear envelopathy

Combined loss of LAP1B and LAP1C results in an early onset multisystemic nuclear envelopathy, Published online: 05 February 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-08493-7

Nuclear envelopathies are a group of diseases caused by genetic mutations in essential nuclear envelope genes. Here, the authors report a nuclear envelopathy with a homozygous nonsense variant in TOR1AIP1 which leads to changes in the nuclear morphology including large nuclear-spanning channels in patients' fibroblasts.

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Permanent porous hydrogen-bonded frameworks with two types of Brønsted acid sites for heterogeneous asymmetric catalysis

Permanent porous hydrogen-bonded frameworks with two types of Brønsted acid sites for heterogeneous asymmetric catalysis

Permanent porous hydrogen-bonded frameworks with two types of Brønsted acid sites for heterogeneous asymmetric catalysis, Published online: 05 February 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-08416-6

The search for porous materials with strong Brønsted acid sites for challenging chemical reactions has been of significant interest, but remains challenging. Here the authors report a cage extension strategy to construct chiral permanent porous hydrogen-bonded frameworks with strong Brønsted acid groups for heterogeneous asymmetric catalysis.

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Case Report: Clinical Outcome and Image Response of Two Patients With Secondary High-Grade Glioma Treated With Chemoradiation, PCV, and Cannabidiol.

Related Articles

Case Report: Clinical Outcome and Image Response of Two Patients With Secondary High-Grade Glioma Treated With Chemoradiation, PCV, and Cannabidiol.

Front Oncol. 2018;8:643

Authors: Dall'Stella PB, Docema MFL, Maldaun MVC, Feher O, Lancellotti CLP

Abstract
We describe two patients with a confirmed diagnosis of high-grade gliomas (grades III/IV), both presenting with O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) methylated and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH-1) mutated who, after subtotal resection, were submitted to chemoradiation and followed by PCV, a multiple drug regimen (procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine) associated with cannabidiol (CBD). Both patients presented with satisfactory clinical and imaging responses at periodic evaluations. Immediately after chemoradiation therapy, one of the patients presented with an exacerbated and precocious pseudoprogression (PSD) assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which was resolved in a short period. The other patient presented with a marked remission of altered areas compared with the post-operative scans as assessed by MRI. Such aspects are not commonly observed in patients only treated with conventional modalities. This observation might highlight the potential effect of CBD to increase PSD or improve chemoradiation responses that impact survival. Further investigation with more patients and critical molecular analyses should be performed.

PMID: 30713832 [PubMed]

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