Designing a tissue-engineered tracheal scaffold for preclinical evaluation

Recent efforts to tissue engineer long-segment tracheal grafts have been complicated by stenosis and malacia. It has been proposed that both the mechanical characteristics and cell seeding capacity of TETG scaffolds are integral to graft performance. Our aim was to design a tracheal construct that approximates the biomechanical properties of native sheep trachea and optimizes seeding with bone marrow derived mononuclear cells prior preclinical evaluation in an ovine model.

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Branchial anomalies in children: A report of 105 surgical cases

Branchial anomalies (BAs) account for 20% of all congenital masses in children. We sought to review the incidence of involvement of individual anomalies, diagnostic methods, surgical treatment, and complications of BAs in children. In addition, we also classified our study and analyzed a congenital lower neck cutaneous fistula near the sternoclavicular joint that was thought to be the skin-side remnant of the fourth BAs.

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Designing a tissue-engineered tracheal scaffold for preclinical evaluation

Recent efforts to tissue engineer long-segment tracheal grafts have been complicated by stenosis and malacia. It has been proposed that both the mechanical characteristics and cell seeding capacity of TETG scaffolds are integral to graft performance. Our aim was to design a tracheal construct that approximates the biomechanical properties of native sheep trachea and optimizes seeding with bone marrow derived mononuclear cells prior preclinical evaluation in an ovine model.

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Branchial anomalies in children: A report of 105 surgical cases

Branchial anomalies (BAs) account for 20% of all congenital masses in children. We sought to review the incidence of involvement of individual anomalies, diagnostic methods, surgical treatment, and complications of BAs in children. In addition, we also classified our study and analyzed a congenital lower neck cutaneous fistula near the sternoclavicular joint that was thought to be the skin-side remnant of the fourth BAs.

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Clinical and radiographic evaluation of pulpectomy in primary teeth: a 18-months clinical randomized controlled trial

Abstract

Background

To avoid untoward changes when primary teeth are replaced by permanent teeth, resorption of the material used in primary teeth root canal filling should occur at the same rate as root resorption. The Aim of this study was to compare the success rates of a mixed primary root canal filling (MPRCF, ingredients: zinc oxide–eugenol [ZOE], iodoform, calcium hydroxide) to those of ZOE and Vitapex in pulpectomised primary molars.

Methods

One hundred and sixty primary molars from 155 children (average age 5.88 ± 1.27 years) underwent two-visit pulpectomy using one of the three materials. The clinical and radiographic findings at 6, 12 and 18 months were assessed.

Results

At 6 and 12 months, the MPRCF and ZOE success rates were 100%. The Vitapex group showed clinical success rate and radiographic success rate of 100 and 94.5% at 6 months, and 80.4 and 60.7% at 12 months. The 18-month clinical success rates of the MPRCF, ZOE and Vitapex were 96.2, 92.2 and 71.4% and radiographic success rates were 92.5, 88.2 and 53.6%, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the success rates between MPRCF and Vitapex and no significant differences between MPRCF and ZOE. More MPRCF were resorbed at same rate with roots than ZOE and Vitapex. Early resorption of root filling resulted in more failure.

Conclusions

The mixture of ZOE, iodoform and calcium hydroxide can be considered an effective root canal filling material in pulp involved primary teeth and had no adverse effect on tooth replacement.

Trial registration

ChiCTR-TRC-14004938. Registered 13 July 2014.

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Special Contributions Celebrating the Anniversaries of the AAOMS and JOMS

The year 2018 has very special significance for oral-maxillofacial surgeons from the United States. One hundred years ago, the forerunner of what eventually became the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (AAOMS) was founded. Thus, a century has passed during which members of our specialty and association worked together to help better the lives of our fellow countrymen and women through improvements in our educational standards, continuing education of our members, the fostering of research, and serving as advocates for our patients.

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Recommendations for Care of Geriatric Maxillofacial Trauma Patients Following a Retrospective Ten Year Multicenter Review

The purpose of this study was to analyze maxillofacial trauma sustained by patients age 75 years and older. With the injury patterns identified treatment recommendations for the contemporary oral and maxillofacial surgeon are made.

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Proceedings of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon’s 2017 Clinical and Scientific Innovations in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (CSIOMS).

The sixth biennial Clinical and Scientific Innovations in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (CSIOMS), formerly the Research Summit, of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (AAOMS) and its Committee on Research Planning and Technology Assessment (CRPTA) was held in Rosemont, IL from April 28th to the 30th, 2017. The goal of the symposium is to provide a forum for the latest clinical and scientific advances to be brought to the specialty. It also nurtures collaboration and the development of relationships between oral and maxillofacial surgeons and researchers to bridge the gap between clinical and basic science.

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News and Announcements

More than 4,000 doctors, office staff and other attendees convened in October at the 99th AAOMS Annual Meeting in San Francisco, CA. They attended more than 100 educational sessions, and over 200 vendors displayed their products and services at the Moscone Center.

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Anti-atherosclerotic effect of Fermentum Rubrum and Gynostemma pentaphyllum mixture in high-fat emulsion- and vitamin D3-induced atherosclerotic rats

The mixture of Hongqu and gypenosides (HG) is composed of Fermentum Rubrum (Hongqu, in Chinese) and total saponins of Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino (Jiaogulan, in Chinese) in a 3.6:1 weight ratio. Both Hongqu and Jiaogulan are considered valuable traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs); they have been commonly used in China for the treatment of hyperlipidemia and related diseases for centuries. The aim of the current study was assess the anti-atherosclerotic effect of HG.

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Bulk Immiscibility at the Edge of the Nanoscale

ACS Nano

DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b04888

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Autologous dermis - fat grafts as primary and secondary orbital transplants before rehabilitation with artificial eyes

The aim of this study was to examine the role of autologous dermis-fat grafts in the reconstruction of orbital soft-tissue defects.

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Long non-coding RNA HAND2-AS1 inhibits invasion and metastasis in endometrioid endometrial carcinoma through inactivating neuromedin U

Endometrioid endometrial carcinoma (EEC) is one of the common causes of cancer-related mortality in women. Mounting evidences suggest that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) function in multiple cancers. In this study, we discovered that HAND2-AS1, a lncRNA transcribed antisense adjacent to Heart and Neural Crest Derivatives Expressed 2 (HAND2) in chromosome 4q33-34, is significantly down-regulated in EEC. HAND2-AS1 and HAND2 were frequently down-regulated in EEC tissues, especially in poor differentiated tumor tissues.

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Novel Recurrence Risk Stratification of Resected Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor

Radical surgical resection represents the only hope of cure for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (PanNET). Adjuvant therapy is rarely used because there is no evidence to distinguish patients with high recurrence risk. Here weinvestigated the recurrence feature ofresected PanNET and established a novel risk stratification to predict its recurrence. We analyzed 505 PanNET patients who underwent R0 resectionat our institute from January 2004 through May 2015. The median follow-up was 71months (range: 12months to 143months), 129 patients (25.5%) experienced recurrence with median disease-free survival (mDFS) of 19months.

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miR-346 functions as a pro-survival factor under ER stress by activating mitophagy

Stress in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR), which attempts to restore normal function of the ER. Both autophagy and miRNAs have been reported to participate in the process of ER stress, but the relationship between these two factors is still obscure. In this study, we demonstrated that miR-346, which was induced under ER stress, modulated autophagic flux in HeLa cells. By regulating the process of autophagy, miR-346 reduced the ROS level in the cells, thus protecting them from death following ER stress.

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Long Noncoding RNA LINC00675 Enhances Phosphorylation of Vimentin on Ser83 to Suppress Gastric Cancer Progression

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a crucial role in cancer development, but few lncRNAs have been functionally characterized in gastric cancer (GC). Here, we reported an lncRNA LINC00675 whose expression was significantly decreased in GC tissues compared with the adjacent non-tumor tissues, and its low expression was associated with the poor survival of GC patients. Gain-and loss-of-function studies indicated that LINC00675 was a tumor suppressor because it repressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of GC cells in vitro and also inhibited the distal pulmonary and hepatic metastases of GC cells in vivo.

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LOX-1 activation by oxLDL triggers an epithelial mesenchymal transition and promotes tumorigenic potential in prostate cancer cells

Obesity is related to an increased risk of developing prostate cancer with high malignancy stages or metastasis. Recent results demonstrated that LOX-1, a receptor associated with obesity and atherosclerosis, is overexpressed in advanced and metastatic prostate cancer. Furthermore, high levels of oxLDL, the main ligand for LOX-1, have been found in patients with advanced prostate cancer. However, the role of LOX-1 in prostate cancer has not been unraveled completely yet. Here, we show that LOX-1 is overexpressed in prostate cancer cells and its activation by oxLDL promotes an epithelial to mesenchymal transition, through of lowered expression of epithelial markers (E-cadherin and plakoglobin) and an increased expression of mesenchymal markers (vimentin, N-cadherin, snail, slug, MMP-2 and MMP-9).

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Cancer chemoprevention via activation of proteostatic modules

Proteins carry out the majority of cellular functions and maintain cellular homeodynamics mostly by participating in multimeric assemblies that operate as protein machines. Proteome quality control is thus critical for cellular functionality, and it is carried out through the curating activity of the proteostasis network (PN). Key components of the PN are the protein synthesis and trafficking modules, the endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response, molecular chaperones, and the two main degradation machineries, namely the ubiquitin proteasome and autophagy lysosome pathways.

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Nimbolide reduces CD44 positive cell population and induces mitochondrial apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is highly aggressive disease and current treatment regimens fail to effectively cure PDAC. Development of resistance to current therapy is one of the key reasons for this outcome. Nimbolide (NL), a triterpenoid obtained from Azadirachta indica, exhibits anticancer properties in various cancer including PDAC cells. However, the underlying mechanism of this anticancer agent in PDAC cells remains undefined. We show that NL exerts a higher level of apoptotic cell death compared to the first-line agent gemcitabine for PDAC, as well as other anticancer agents including sorafenib and curcumin.

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The Role of Nitric Oxide in Metabolic Regulation of Dendritic Cell Immune Function

Dendritic cells (DCs) are canonical antigen presenting cells of the immune system and serve as a bridge between innate and adaptive immune responses. When DCs are activated by a stimulus through toll-like receptors (TLRs), DCs undergo a process of maturation defined by cytokine & chemokine secretion, co-stimulatory molecule expression, antigen processing and presentation, and the ability to activate T cells. DC maturation is coupled with an increase in biosynthetic demand, which is fulfilled by a TLR-driven upregulation in glycolytic metabolism.

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